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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">m4Pjy9VBfN59qp3WHNJQHmH</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000100085</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180258</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiovascular Rehabilitation in Coronary Artery Disease and Better Knowledge of Its Own Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4436-1791</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>C&#233;sar</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Antonio Machado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1">Mailing Address: Luiz Antonio Machado C&#233;sar, Av. Dr En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>dcllucesar@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>1</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>85</fpage>
      <lpage>86</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease/rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Promotion</kwd>
        <kwd>Preventive Medicine</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Patient Health Questionnaire</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>In the last ten to fifteen years, we are seen more and more concern with patients&#180; awareness about their diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Campaigns have been brought to the public to teach them about symptoms and signs that might bring concern and make them ask for help and go to an emergency room or, in the United States to call 911. This is true especially for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), given the possibility of better quality of life and in some cases even a better prognosis of the disease in respect to morbidity and mortality.</p>
    <p>Beside this kind of campaigns, recently others started to aware people already with a diagnosis of CAD to the symptoms that may alert them of a problem and the consciousness about all medicines that modify the course of the disease and ways of life that are proved to contribute to this amelioration, as is physical activity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In this issue, dos Santos et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> did validate a questionnaire to evaluate patients with CAD and on cardiovascular rehabilitation (rehab) programs in order to assess their knowledge about their own disease. Interestingly they first validate a previous (CADE-Q) questionnaire in Portuguese, then validated an English translated version. After that, they do construct a CAD-Q II questionnaire, but in English. The motivation to do this second version was that some questions should be better structured to the understanding of the patients and a psychosocial approach might be a part of it. After publishing it in the English language then they decide to translate to the Portuguese language. It is really a different approach going from one language to another and coming back to the first one, what is not usually done. The need for implementing the CADE-Q with other components was based on cardiac rehabilitation programs focused on patients with CAD. The objective of this paper is to validate the English version of CAD-Q II. The job was done according to the available tests used to validate questionnaires from one language to other, using Cronbach's alpha test. What they found called attention, although already known from other studies with questionnaires.</p>
    <p>As higher the intellectual level of participants or their family income, better are they know of their disease, as shown in this validation. As the authors comment at discussion, they applied the questionnaire asking the questions, rather than applying a self-questionnaire as was done in the validation of the English version. Someone can think of this being a consequence of the intellectual level of our people. If this is true, it may be really an inadequacy for this questionnaire to be applied and it will be of importance to test more times to make sure it is truthful to be generally applied elsewhere. This does not invalidate this questionnaire, on the contrary, it can be otherwise be retested and then confirm confidence and feasibility.</p>
    <p>We know the importance of awareness of people already with CAD, in this case specifically to patients on cardiac rehab, for symptoms that can be a warning for acute coronary events. But a questionnaire first done in the Portuguese language would be better validated if the second version had been also done in Portuguese and not a change to English, plus validation in that language and then a way back to the Portuguese language with cultural adjustments needed in the first and the second paths for validation. Besides it is important to understand, many times we treat patients with CAD and do not be aware of the costs/benefits of its treatment and many times, after years of observation, we do not find any difference between treatments and strategies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> to the most frequent and first killer in the world. Cardiac rehab is known to reduce mortality in those with CAD, at least in a medium period of follow-up what probably justify a positive cost/effectiveness of these programs. Otherwise, we need longer follow-up, seven to ten years, studies to assure that really cardiac rehab programs are cost/effective.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular na Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana e Melhor Conhecimento de sua Pr&#243;pria Doen&#231;a</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4436-1791</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>C&#233;sar</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Antonio Machado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2">Correspond&#234;ncia: Luiz Antonio Machado C&#233;sar, Av. Dr En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>dcllucesar@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana/reabilita&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Promo&#231;&#227;o da Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Medicina Preventiva</kwd>
        <kwd>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Question&#225;rio de Sa&#250;de do Paciente</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Nos &#250;ltimos dez, quinze anos, temos visto uma preocupa&#231;&#227;o cada vez maior com o conhecimento dos pacientes sobre suas doen&#231;as.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Campanhas t&#234;m sido realizadas a fim de ensinar as pessoas sobre sinais e sintomas que possam ser causa de alerta e lev&#225;-las a buscar ajuda e atendimento de emerg&#234;ncia ou, no caso dos Estados Unidos, ligar 911. Isso ocorre particularmente com pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC), dada a possibilidade de melhor qualidade de vida e, em alguns casos, melhor progn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a em termos de morbidade e mortalidade.</p>
      <p>Al&#233;m dessas campanhas, recentemente, indiv&#237;duos j&#225; com diagn&#243;stico de DAC t&#234;m sido conscientizados sobre sintomas que possam indicar a exist&#234;ncia de um problema, medicamentos que possam modificar a evolu&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a, bem como h&#225;bitos de vida que sabidamente contribuem para sua melhora, tal como a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o, dos Santos et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> validaram um question&#225;rio usado para avaliar o conhecimento de pacientes com DAC, participantes de programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular, sobre suas doen&#231;as. Os autores primeiramente validaram um question&#225;rio em portugu&#234;s (CADE-Q), e em seguida uma vers&#227;o desse question&#225;rio em ingl&#234;s. Posteriormente, constru&#237;ram um question&#225;rio CAD-QII em ingl&#234;s. A motiva&#231;&#227;o para a elabora&#231;&#227;o dessa segunda vers&#227;o foi o fato de que algumas perguntas deveriam ser mais bem estruturadas para a compreens&#227;o pelos pacientes, al&#233;m da necessidade da inclus&#227;o de uma abordagem psicossocial. Ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o do CAD-QII em ingl&#234;s, os autores decidiram traduzi-lo para o portugu&#234;s. Essa abordagem, de traduzir o material de um idioma para outro, e em seguida voltar ao primeiro idioma, &#233; muito diferente da abordagem normalmente realizada. A necessidade de implementar o CADE-Q com outros componentes baseou-se em programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca focados em pacientes com DAC. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar a vers&#227;o do CAD-QII em ingl&#234;s, o que foi realizado de acordo com os testes dispon&#237;veis usados para validar question&#225;rios de um idioma para outro, utilizando-se o teste alfa de Cronbach. Os resultados obtidos chamaram aten&#231;&#227;o, apesar de j&#225; terem sido relatados em estudos anteriores envolvendo question&#225;rios.</p>
      <p>Quanto maior o n&#237;vel intelectual dos participantes e maior a renda familiar, maior seu conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a, como mostrado nesse estudo de valida&#231;&#227;o. Conforme apresentado na Discuss&#227;o, os autores aplicaram o question&#225;rio por meio de perguntas direcionadas aos entrevistados, em vez de usarem a estrat&#233;gia de autoadministra&#231;&#227;o, a qual foi realizada com a vers&#227;o em ingl&#234;s. Pode-se pensar que a ado&#231;&#227;o dessas diferentes estrat&#233;gias se deve &#224; diferen&#231;a no n&#237;vel intelectual dos participantes. Se isso for verdade, seria uma grande inadequa&#231;&#227;o do instrumento, e seria importante sua aplica&#231;&#227;o mais vezes para se ter certeza que o question&#225;rio &#233; confi&#225;vel e pode ser administrado em outras popula&#231;&#245;es. Tal fato n&#227;o invalida o question&#225;rio, pelo contr&#225;rio, o CAD-QII pode ser testado novamente e, dessa forma, ter sua confiabilidade e sua aplicabilidade confirmadas.</p>
      <p>Sabemos da import&#226;ncia do conhecimento dos pacientes com DAC, neste caso especificamente daqueles em reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, sobre sintomas que possam ser um alerta para eventos coronarianos agudos. No entanto, um question&#225;rio primeiramente elaborado em portugu&#234;s seria melhor validado se sua segunda vers&#227;o tamb&#233;m fosse constru&#237;da em portugu&#234;s, e n&#227;o como foi realizado, isto &#233;, constru&#237;do em ingl&#234;s, seguido de sua valida&#231;&#227;o nesse idioma e sua tradu&#231;&#227;o para portugu&#234;s novamente, com devidos ajustes culturais em cada processo. Ainda, &#233; importante entendermos que, em muitas vezes, tratamos pacientes com DAC e n&#227;o temos consci&#234;ncia sobre o custo-benef&#237;cio do tratamento. E, ap&#243;s anos de observa&#231;&#227;o, em muitas vezes n&#227;o encontramos nenhuma diferen&#231;a entre tratamentos e estrat&#233;gias usados para essa frequente condi&#231;&#227;o que mais mata no mundo. Sabe-se que a reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca reduz mortalidade em pacientes com DAC, pelo menos em um per&#237;odo m&#233;dio de acompanhamento, o que provavelmente explica a rela&#231;&#227;o de custo/efetividade positiva desses programas. Por outro lado, necessitamos de estudos de acompanhamento mais longo, de sete a dez anos, para assegurar que programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca s&#227;o realmente &#8220;custo-efetivos&#8221;.</p>
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