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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">7Fjq9hnSfJbT5vZWDWZ6Bfv</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000100078</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2018005019103</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180244</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Validation of the Brazilian Version of CADE-Q II to Assess Knowledge of Coronary Artery Disease Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6239-8179</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Rafaella Zulianello dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ghisi</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Lima Melo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bonin</surname>
            <given-names>Christiani Decker Batista</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chaves</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Haase</surname>
            <given-names>Clarissa Machado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Britto</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Benetti</surname>
            <given-names>Magnus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Florian&#243;polis</city>
          <state>SC</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">University Health Network</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Toronto Rehabilitation Institute</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Toronto</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="CA">Canada</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto - Canada</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro da Ci&#234;ncia da Sa&#250;de e do Esporte</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Florian&#243;polis</city>
          <state>SC</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro da Ci&#234;ncia da Sa&#250;de e do Esporte - Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Belo Horizonte</city>
          <state>MG</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Rafaella Zulianello dos Santos,</bold> Av. Engenheiro Max de Souza, 890 apt. 303. Postal Code 88080-000, Coqueiros, Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brazil. E-mail: <email>rszhb10@yahoo.com.br</email>, <email>rafaella.zulianello@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Santos RZ, Ghisi GLM, Britto R; acquisition of data: Bonin CDB, Chaves G, Haase CM; analysis and interpretation of the data: Santos RZ, Bonin CDB; statistical analysis: Santos RZ, Chaves G, Benetti M; writing of the manuscript: Santos RZ, Ghisi GLM, Bonin CDB, Chaves G, Haase CM, Britto R, Benetti M; critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual contente: Santos RZ, Ghisi GLM, Britto R, Benetti M.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>1</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>78</fpage>
      <lpage>84</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>The Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (CADE-Q), an instrument aimed at assessing patients&#8217; knowledge about coronary artery disease (CAD), was originally developed and psychometrically validated in Brazil. It was later translated, cross-culturally adapted, and validated to English. Although both versions demonstrated good reliability and validity, new studies in the area have pointed out the need of implementing the CADE-Q with other components of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs, such as psychologic factors, which had not been considered in previous version and were added in the subsequent, adapted version. Thus, a second version of CADE-Q was developed in English, the CADE-Q II.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>to translate, culturally adapt and psychometrically validate the CADE-Q II in Brazilian Portuguese.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>After translation and review by a Committee of specialists in CR, a version in Brazilian Portuguese was generated and tested in 307 patients in CR. Test-retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in 49 patients; internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach&#8217;s alpha (&#945;); and, criterion validity was assessed regarding patients&#8217; educational level and family income. The level of significance adopted for all tests was 5%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>After the ICC analysis, 4 items were excluded. The questionnaire was considered internally consistent (&#945; &gt; 0.7). Associations were found between the mean total scores and the variables schooling (p &lt; 0.001) and income (p &lt; 0.001). Median total score was 53 (14) points corresponding to 65.4% of the total possible score.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>The Portuguese version of the CADE-Q II showed sufficient reliability, consistency and validity, supporting its use in future studies.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Patient Education as Topic</kwd>
        <kwd>Surveys and Questionnaires</kwd>
        <kwd>Validation Studies</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Rehabilitation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in Brazil, as a result of both population aging and epidemiologic changes in disease,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> that contribute to high costs in health.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) stands out among the recommended therapies to coronary artery disease (CAD). CR is a multidisciplinary approach for secondary prevention, that can effectively reduce rehospitalization rates by up to 18% and cardiovascular mortality by up to 26%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Most CR benefits are related to behavioral changes, and in this context, patient education is considered and important component of these programs. Education in health allows patient to understand the nature of the disease and its treatment. Consequently, inadequate understanding of the condition may lead to unwarranted emotional distress, inappropriate behavior in coping with the disease, non-adherence to treatment, and disease progression.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Therefore, the management of chronic diseases such as CAD is crucial for secondary prevention.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Recent studies have corroborated the benefits of educational intervention in CAD patients. That includes knowledge increase that promotes changes in self-management and health behavior resulting in improvement of quality of life,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> and potentially reduce health-related costs.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Precise information on the level of cardiovascular disease knowledge in patients with this disease are essential in planning and proposing effective CR interventional programs.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Education in health should be provided and analyzed by a simple manner, aiming at targeting many populations, including low-income patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> In this context, the coronary artery disease education questionnaire (CADE-Q) is one of the few psycometrically validated instruments available in CR, developed and validated in Brazil and also validated in other countries.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> However, the focus of CR has changed over the years,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> and a second version of the CADE (CADE-QII) was developed aiming at updating the instrument and including additional educational components, such as psychosocial health.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> The aim of the present study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt and psychometrically validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the CADE-QII.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Study design and procedures</title>
        <p>This study was approved by the human research ethics committee of the University Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (approval number 1.350.973), according to the 466/12 resolution of the Brazilian National Health Council. This was an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study, involving research centers in the cities of Belo Horizonte and Florianopolis in Brazil. Data were collected from January to May 2016.</p>
        <p>First, the processes of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument were performed according to precise criteria previously approved by the authors, based on the protocol proposed by Guillemin et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> - (1) initial translation, (2) back translation, (3) review of the questionnaire versions built by specialist committee members, (4) pre-testing for equivalence with bilingual individuals, and (5) revision of the weighting of scores. The translated, cross-culturally adapted version of the instrument was then tested for clarity in coronary patients. The results were used to refine the CADE-QII version in Portuguese.</p>
        <p>Second, psychometric validation was conducted. The refined instrument was administered to a larger sample of patients, participants of three CR programs in the metropolitan area of Florianopolis, Brazil (one private and two public programs) and of one public program in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The instrument was administered by interview. The interviewers maintained a neutral position, answering questions about the study and encouraging respondents to answer all the questions. The questionnaire was readministered two weeks following the first administration in patients selected by convenience for test-retest analysis.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Participants</title>
        <p>For psychometric validation, we recruited participants of CR programs developed in four participating institutions, where a total of 500 patients attended every month. A convenience sample was recruited from these patients, based on availability of recruiters and patients that accepted to participate in the study. The sample was composed of 307 patients, corresponding to 61.4% of the patients attending the participating institutions. The programs lasted for at least three month and none of them had a structured educational component.</p>
        <p>Inclusion criteria were a confirmed diagnosis of CAD or the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and signing of the consent form. Exclusion criteria were age younger than 18 years and any significant visual, cognitive or mental impairments that could limit patients&#8217; ability to answer the questionnaire.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>CADE-QII</title>
        <p>CADE-QII was constructed to verify the level of knowledge of coronary patients, participants of CR programs about CAD. CADE-QII evaluates the knowledge of patients for five domains consisting of medical condition, risk factors, exercise, nutrition and psychosocial risk, based on official documents and guidelines in the area.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> The instrument has 31 items, each item with four possible answers about one of these domains of knowledge. One of the answers is the most &#8220;correct&#8221; one, <italic>i.e.</italic>, the answer states complete and true information about the domain, and gets a score of 3; one of the answers is &#8220;partially correct&#8221; and gets a score of 1, and the two other options are &#8220;incorrect&#8221;, one describing incorrect information and &#8220;I don&#8217;t know&#8221;, which should be chosen when the patient is not sure about any of the previous options. Both incorrect and &#8220;I don&#8217;t&#8217; know&#8221; options get a &#8220;0&#8221; score. The total sum is calculated, and it represents the level of patients&#8217; knowledge about the domains.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Thus, CADE-QII not only quantifies the level of knowledge about cardiovascular disease but also identify the domains where patients get the lowest scores, <italic>i.e</italic>., in which knowledge is deficient.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Variables</title>
        <p>The following characteristics of the patients participating in the psychometric validation were collected for analysis - sex, age, educational level, monthly family income, comorbidities, cardiac risk factors and previous diseases. All these characteristics were self-reported.</p>
        <p>The Brazilian version of the CADE-QII were tested for the following psychometric properties - clarity, content validity, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and criterion validity. A descriptive analysis of total score was also performed, both per question and per domain.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0 was used for data storage, classification and analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%. Data were excluded from analysis when more than 20% of the CADE-QII items were incomplete.</p>
        <p>To test clarity and validity of the content, a pretest was conducted with the patients, in order to get a feedback on the items and to verify the time required to complete the questionnaire. In addition, five specialists evaluated the clarity of the CADE-QII version in Brazilian Portuguese.</p>
        <p>The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used in the test retest reliability analysis. Values with ICC lower than 0.7 were excluded from analysis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> The internal consistency of the instrument was assessed by Cronbach alpha coefficient; values above 0.70 were considered acceptable.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Criterion validity was assessed by comparing CADE-QII scores with family income and educational level.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Data normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Descriptive analysis of the Brazilian version of the CADE-QII was also performed; continuous variables with normal distribution were described as mean and standard deviation, and continuous variables not normally distributed were expressed as median and interquartile range. Absolute and relative frequencies were used for categorical variables. The chi-square test was used to assess associations between categorical variables.</p>
        <p>Overall knowledge of patients was expressed as the median of the total CADE-QII score. Median scores obtained in each domain were also described.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Translation, cultural adaptation and pretest</title>
        <p>Initial translation of CADE-QII was made by three independent translators, aware of the objectives and underlying concepts of the study. They were asked to detect ambiguities and unexpected meanings in the Brazilian version compared with the original one. Back translation was conducted by four translators unaware of the initial objectives of the study as well as of the original version of the instrument. A commission composed of five bilingual specialists reviewed all the versions and made necessary changes according to Brazilian culture. A final version was generated, and the clarity of the questions tested in 23 coronary patients.</p>
        <p>During translation and cultural adaptation processes, question 4 of the physical activity domain (&#8220;Three things that one can do to exercise safely outdoors in the winter are&#8221;) was adapted to the Brazilian cultural context; the change was related to the weather, the expression &#8220;hot and dry weather&#8221;, referring to summer season, were substituted for &#8220;winter&#8221; (&#8220;What one can do to exercise safely outdoors in hot and dry weather are&#8221;), which better reflects the reality of Brazil, a tropical country. No further changes were required.</p>
        <p>Mean time required to complete the CADE-QII among participants was 22.5 &#177; 3.5 minutes. Mean rates for clarity of the instrument was 7.0 &#177; 1.77. Regarding content validity, following the administration of the instrument and discussion between patients and researchers, it was concluded that the CADE-QII clearly describes the aim of the measurements, the target population, the concepts measured and the selection of the items.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Psychometric validation</title>
        <p>Three hundred and seven patients that participated in CR programs completed the CADE-QII. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>. Of these patients, 228 were participants of CR in Florianopolis, and 77 in Belo Horizonte. Most patients were men (n = 200, 65.1%) and had low educational attainment (incomplete elementary school, n = 188, 61.2%). Mean age was 63.3 &#177; 10.4 years (minimum = 31 years old; maximum = 88 years old).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Sociodemographic and clinical data, and characteristics of cardiac rehabilitation programs of patients included in the psychometric validation of the CADE-QII version in Brazilian Portuguese and association of these variables with their level of knowledge about coronary artery disease (n = 307)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Characteristics</th>
                <th align="center">
								</th>
                <th align="center">n (%)</th>
                <th align="center">CADE Q II total score<break/>Median (IQR)</th>
                <th align="center">p<italic><sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">&#8224;</xref></sup></italic></th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sociodemographic</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sex</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Men</td>
                <td align="center">200 (65.1)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (15.75)</td>
                <td align="center">0.24</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Women</td>
                <td align="center">107 (34.9)</td>
                <td align="center">51 (13)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Educational level</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Never been to school</td>
                <td align="center">3 (1)</td>
                <td align="center">59 (15)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Incomplete elementary school</td>
                <td align="center">88 (28.7)</td>
                <td align="center">45 (16)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Complete elementary school</td>
                <td align="center">39 (12.7)</td>
                <td align="center">48 (13)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Incomplete high school</td>
                <td align="center">19 (6.2)</td>
                <td align="center">51 (19)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Complete high school</td>
                <td align="center">66 (21.5)</td>
                <td align="center">55 (11)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Incomplete higher education</td>
                <td align="center">8 (2.6)</td>
                <td align="center">53.5 (11.75)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Complete higher education</td>
                <td align="center">64 (20.8)</td>
                <td align="center">58 (13.5)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Undergraduate education</td>
                <td align="center">20 (6.5)</td>
                <td align="center">60 (8.75)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Family income (per month)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; one minimum wage</td>
                <td align="center">50 (16.3)</td>
                <td align="center">48.5 (14.25)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">1 - 5 minimum wages</td>
                <td align="center">159 (51.8)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (14)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">5-10 minimum wages</td>
                <td align="center">40 (13)</td>
                <td align="center">60 (14.75)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">10-20 minimum wages s</td>
                <td align="center">32 (10.4)</td>
                <td align="center">56.5 (9)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&gt; 20 minimum wages</td>
                <td align="center">26 (8.5)</td>
                <td align="center">57 (15.75)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Clinical features</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Comorbidities /risk factors</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Systemic arterial hypertension</td>
                <td align="center">178 (58)</td>
                <td align="center">52.5 (17)</td>
                <td align="center">0.84</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Dyslipidemias</td>
                <td align="center">160 (52.1)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (14.75)</td>
                <td align="center">0.11</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Obesity</td>
                <td align="center">77 (25.1)</td>
                <td align="center">51(17)</td>
                <td align="center">0.34</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Type I and II diabetes</td>
                <td align="center">76 (24.8)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (14.5)</td>
                <td align="center">0.68</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Stroke</td>
                <td align="center">26 (8.5)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (14)</td>
                <td align="center">0.95</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Heart failure</td>
                <td align="center">33 (11.0)</td>
                <td align="center">49 (14)</td>
                <td align="center">0.11</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Smoking</td>
                <td align="center">12 (3.9)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (22.5)</td>
                <td align="center">0.41</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</td>
                <td align="center">11 (3.6)</td>
                <td align="center">55 (11)</td>
                <td align="center">0.12</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Peripheral arterial occlusive disease</td>
                <td align="center">4 (1.3)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (22.5)</td>
                <td align="center">0.96</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Acute event</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Myocardial infarction</td>
                <td align="center">222 (72.3)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (16.25)</td>
                <td align="center">0.11</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Procedures</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty</td>
                <td align="center">172 (56)</td>
                <td align="center">53.5 (16.5)</td>
                <td align="center">0.62</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Myocardial revascularization surgery</td>
                <td align="center">62 (20.2)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (14.75)</td>
                <td align="center">0.70</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Type of CR program</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Public</td>
                <td align="center">219 (71.3)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (17)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Private</td>
                <td align="center">88 (28.7)</td>
                <td align="center">56 (13)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>IQR interquartile range; CR: cardiac rehabilitation;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>chi-square test;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0.001</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>For test retest reliability analysis, 49 patients were selected by convenience and asked to complete the questionnaire again, with an interval of 15 days between the evaluations. Among these patients, 24 participated in a private CR program, and 25 in a public one. The test retest reliability was assessed by the ICC of each item, and the results are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>. The following items did not meet the minimum standards - question 4 (&#8220;A heart attack occurs&#8221;) of the medical condition domain, question 4 of factor risk domain (&#8220;The first step towards controlling a risk factor, such as blood pressure or cholesterol, is&#8221;, question 7 of nutrition domain (&#8220;How many servings of fruits and vegetables should adults consume?&#8221;) and question 5 of psychosocial risk domain (&#8220;<italic>Chronic stress</italic> is defined as&#8221;). These items were excluded from the Brazilian version of the CADE-QII. Thus, from the 31 items of the original version, 27 items composed the Brazilian CADE-QII in Portuguese, with a maximum score of 81 points.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Median and interquartile range of CADE-QII scores by question and domain, percentage of items completed and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (n = 49)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Domain</th>
                <th align="center">Item</th>
                <th align="center">Median (IQR) scores by item</th>
                <th align="center">Items completed (%)</th>
                <th align="center">ICC</th>
                <th align="center">Median (IQR) scores by domain</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="7">Medical condition</td>
                <td align="center">1. Coronary artery disease is:</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.77</td>
                <td align="center">12 (6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">2. Angina (chest pain of discomfort) occurs:</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.82</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">3. In a person with coronary artery disease, which of the following is a usual description of angina?</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.77</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">4. A heart attack occurs:</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.47<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">&#8225;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">5. The best resources available to help someone understand his/her medications are:</td>
                <td align="center">1 (0)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.71</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">6. Medications such as aspirin (ASA) and clopidogrel (PlavixTM) are important because:</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.72</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="center">7. The "statin" medications, such as atorvastatin (LipitorTM), rosuvastatin (CrestorTM), orsimvastatin (ZocorTM), have a beneficial effect in the body by:</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.87</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="5">Risk factors </td>
                <td align="center">1. The risk factors for heart disease that can be changed are:</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.72</td>
                <td align="center">10 (4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">2. The actions that can be taken to control cholesterol levels include:</td>
                <td align="center">3 (0)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.82</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">3. The actions that can be taken to control blood pressure include:</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.79</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">4. The first step towards controlling a risk factor (such as blood pressure or cholesterol) is:</td>
                <td align="center">0 (1)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.36<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">&#8225;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="center">5. The actions to prevent developing diabetes include</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.90</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="7">Exercise </td>
                <td align="center">1. What are the important parts of an exercise prescription??</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.71</td>
                <td align="center">14 (7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">2. For a person living with heart disease, it is important to do a cardiovascular warm-up before exercising because:</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.80</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">3. The pulse can be found:</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.86</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">4. What one can do to exercise safely outdoors in hot and dry weather are:</td>
                <td align="center">3 (0)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.78</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">5. The benefits of doing resistance training (lift weights or elastic bands) include:</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.87</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">6. If a person gets chest discomfort during a walking exercise session, he or she should:</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.83</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="center">7. How does a person know if he/she is exercising at the right level? </td>
                <td align="center">1 (3)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.85</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="7">Nutrition</td>
                <td align="center">1. What is the best source of omega 3 fats in food? </td>
                <td align="center">3 (0)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.85</td>
                <td align="center">13 (5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">2. Trans fat are:</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.70</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">3. What is one good way to add more fiber to your diet:</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.80</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">4. Which of the following foods has the most salt: </td>
                <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.73</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">5. What combination of foods can help lower blood pressure?</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.81</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">6. When reading food labels, what should one look at first?</td>
                <td align="center">1 (0)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.92</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="center">7. How many servings of fruits and vegetables should adults consume?</td>
                <td align="center">0 (1)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.55<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">&#8225;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="5">Psychosocial Risk</td>
                <td align="center">1. Which of the below are effective stress management techniques?</td>
                <td align="center">3 (0)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.92</td>
                <td align="center">9 (4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">2. What stresses have been related to increased risk for heart attacks?</td>
                <td align="center">1 (3)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.73</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">3. Which of the following describes your best option for reducing your risk from depression:</td>
                <td align="center">3 (0)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.86</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">It is important to recognize "sleep apnea" because:</td>
                <td align="center">1 (3)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.70</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="center">5. "Chronic stress" is defined as:</td>
                <td align="center">1 (3)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.59<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">&#8225;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">53 (14)</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
                <td align="center">0.77</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>IQR interquartile range;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <label>&#8225;</label>
              <p>Items excluded from the final version in Brazilian Portuguese due to ICC values below 0.70</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>The internal consistency of the 27-item instrument was tested, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.78. Regarding criterion validity, as described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>, patients with higher educational level (p &lt; 0.001) and higher family income (p &lt; 0.001) showed higher level of knowledge about the disease as compared with the other patients.</p>
        <p>Medians and interquartile ranges of the items and domains are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>. The median total score was 53 (14) points, corresponding to 65.4% of the possible total score. The highest scores were obtained for the items: &#8220;What is the best source of omega 3 fats in food?&#8221; (&#8220;What one can do to exercise safely outdoors in hot and dry the winter are&#8221; and &#8220;Which of the following describes your best option for reducing your risk from depression&#8221;. The lowest scores were observed for the items &#8220;The first step towards controlling a risk factor (such as blood pressure or cholesterol) is&#8221;, &#8220;How many servings of fruits and vegetables should adults consume?&#8221; and &#8220;The <italic>statin</italic> medications have a beneficial effect in the body by&#8221;. Domains with the highest and the lowest scores were &#8220;Exercise&#8221; and &#8220;Psychosocial Risk&#8221; domains, respectively.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>This study aimed to validate and adapt the CADE-QII in Brazilian Portuguese. During these processes, we followed strict standards, since adaptation of an instrument to be used in a country other than that in which it was developed may require more than simply semantic and idiomatic analyses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> The psychometric properties - content validity, test retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity - were established, confirming the validity of the CADE-QII for the Brazilian population.</p>
      <p>Our results were consistent with those reported in the original validation,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> particularly with respect to internal consistency (Cronbach alpha of 0.91 vs. 0.78), indicating an adequate correlation between the questionnaires&#8217; items, both in the original and in the adapted version.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Nevertheless, the fact that the CADE-QII was validated in a multicentric study may have affected alpha&#8217;s value (not as high as in the original version). Another difference between the original and the adapted version was in the way the questionnaire was administered; while the adapted CADE-QII was administered by a questionnaire, in the version in English was self-administered.</p>
      <p>With respect to criterion validity, there was a positive association of the level of knowledge about the disease with educational attainment and family income, suggesting that socioeconomic factors may be determinants to knowledge in health, which is consistent with previous studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> This is corroborated by the fact that, in the present study, there was a positive association between enrollment in a private CR program and knowledge level about the disease, reinforcing the influence of socioeconomic disparities on education in health.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> These data make clear the need for developing strategies aiming at overcoming the obstacles between health knowledge and patients of different social classes. In this regard, these proposals should be grounded in simple models, with high population coverage, since less educated patients are the ones who would benefit most from educational interventions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In addition, we found that patients with more comorbidities, risk factors, previous procedures and acute events did not show higher knowledge level about the disease compared with patients without these conditions. These results contrast with those found in validation of the original version, since those patients with more risk factors showed higher knowledge about the disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> These findings may be related to differences in the health education approach to the patients by the healthcare members and in patients&#8217; ability to understand the information received in different contexts.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
			</p>
      <p>These findings should be interpreted with caution. First, our results cannot be generalized, since our sample was selected by convenience and recruited from four CR programs only, which may limit the extrapolation of the results. Second, CADE-QII is based on education curriculum of Canadian CR programs, which are based on more rigorous educational processes than the Brazilian programs. Third, although all patients were recruited from CR programs, these were conducted at distinct centers (public and private), located in different regions of the country. Therefore, the type of educational approach and variability between the investigators may have influenced the results. Fourth, reliability analysis was performed with 49 patients enrolled in only two of the four programs. The occurrence of a response trend, hence, may not be ruled out, since data in the literature consider that a sample size of at least 50 patients is adequate for this analysis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> In addition, it is possible that participants gained additional education during the 15 minute-interval between questionnaire applications, which could have also influenced the results. Fifth, CADE-QII was not developed using plain (or simple) language techniques, which may have had a negative impact on interpretation of the questions and consequently on the responses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> Sixth, as previously mentioned, during validation of its original version, CADE-QII was self-administered, in contrast to the adapted version, that was administered by means of a questionnaire. Even though the interviewers have been trained, bias intrinsic to questionnaire-based methods may have influenced the answers to the instrument.</p>
      <p>To address this, further studies are needed to validate and use the short version of the CADE-Q,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> as an alternative. Also, some questions were excluded during the construction of this adapted version, since they did not meet minimum standards of ICC; new validation studies proposing reformulation and inclusion of these questions are also encouraged. Also, future studies are needed to evaluate whether the Brazilian version is sensitive to longitudinal changes in assessment of patients&#8217; knowledge before and after their participation in CR programs. </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>This study showed that CADE-Q II version in Brazilian Portuguese version has enough reliability, consistency and validity, supporting its use in future studies to evaluate the level of knowledge of CAD patients enrolled in CR programs. This instrument could support the evaluation of the educational component in CR programs and identify knowledge domains compatible with patients&#8217; need for information.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais under the protocol number 1.350.973. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Valida&#231;&#227;o da Vers&#227;o Brasileira em Portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q II para Avaliar o Conhecimento de Pacientes com Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6239-8179</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Rafaella Zulianello dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ghisi</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Lima Melo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bonin</surname>
            <given-names>Christiani Decker Batista</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chaves</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Haase</surname>
            <given-names>Clarissa Machado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Britto</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Benetti</surname>
            <given-names>Magnus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto - Canada</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro da Ci&#234;ncia da Sa&#250;de e do Esporte - Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Rafaella Zulianello dos Santos,</bold> Av. Engenheiro Max de Souza, 890 apt. 303. CEP 88080-000, Coqueiros, Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brasil. E-mail: <email>rszhb10@yahoo.com.br</email>, <email>rafaella.zulianello@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Santos RZ, Ghisi GLM, Britto R; obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Bonin CDB, Chaves G, Haase CM; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Santos RZ, Bonin CDB; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Santos RZ, Chaves G, Benetti M; reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Santos RZ, Ghisi GLM, Bonin CDB, Chaves G, Haase CM, Britto R, Benetti M; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Santos RZ, Ghisi GLM, Britto R, Benetti M.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>O question&#225;rio para avaliar o conhecimento de pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (CADE-Q) foi originalmente desenvolvido e validado no Brasil. Mais tarde foi traduzido, adaptado culturalmente e validado para o ingl&#234;s. Embora ambas as vers&#245;es possuam boa confiabilidade e validade, com o avan&#231;o dos estudos da &#225;rea observou-se a necessidade de implementar o CADE-Q com outros componentes envolvidos em programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (RC), como fatores psicol&#243;gicos, que n&#227;o tinham sido abordados na vers&#227;o anterior e foram adicionados nesta vers&#227;o. Devido a isso, uma segunda vers&#227;o foi desenvolvida em ingl&#234;s, o CADE-Q II.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar psicometricamente para o portugu&#234;s o question&#225;rio CADE-Q II.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>A vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s foi gerada (ap&#243;s tradu&#231;&#227;o e revis&#227;o por um comit&#234; de especialistas em RC) e testada em 307 pacientes em programas de RC. A confiabilidade teste e reteste foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse (CCI) em 49 pacientes, a consist&#234;ncia interna foi avaliada pelo alfa de Cronbach (&#945;), e a validade de crit&#233;rio foi avaliada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; escolaridade e renda familiar mensal dos pacientes. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado para todos os testes foi de 5%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Ap&#243;s a an&#225;lise do CCI, quatro itens foram exclu&#237;dos da vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s. O question&#225;rio foi considerado internamente consistente (&#945; &gt; 0,7). Foram encontradas associa&#231;&#245;es entre os escores totais m&#233;dios e as vari&#225;veis escolaridade (p &lt; 0,001) e renda (p &lt; 0,001). A mediana da pontua&#231;&#227;o total foi de 53 (14) pontos correspondendo a 65,4% do escore total poss&#237;vel.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>A vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q II apresentou confiabilidade, consist&#234;ncia e validade suficientes, apoiando a sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o em estudos futuros. </p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/ fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Educa&#231;&#227;o de Pacientes como Assunto</kwd>
        <kwd>Inqu&#233;ritos e Question&#225;rios</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudos de Valida&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares s&#227;o a principal causa de mortalidade no Brasil, resultantes tanto do envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o quanto das mudan&#231;as epidemiol&#243;gicas relativas &#224;s doen&#231;as,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> com contribui&#231;&#227;o significativa para os altos custos em sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Dentre os tratamentos recomendados para a doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) est&#225; &#224; reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (RC), abordagem multidisciplinar para a preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria, que reduz efetivamente a reinterna&#231;&#245;es em at&#233; 18% e a mortalidade cardiovascular em at&#233; 26%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A maioria dos benef&#237;cios associados &#224; RC est&#227;o relacionados a altera&#231;&#245;es de comportamento e, portanto, a educa&#231;&#227;o do paciente &#233; considerada um importante componente desses programas. A educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de possibilita aos pacientes entender a natureza da sua doen&#231;a e como ela &#233; tratada. Por conseguinte, a compreens&#227;o inadequada sobre sua condi&#231;&#227;o pode levar o cardiopata a um sofrimento emocional injustificado, um comportamento impr&#243;prio de enfrentamento da doen&#231;a, a n&#227;o ades&#227;o ao tratamento e progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Assim, a gest&#227;o de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas como a DAC &#233; necess&#225;ria para otimizar a preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Recentes estudos confirmam os benef&#237;cios das interven&#231;&#245;es educativas em pacientes com DAC, melhorando os comportamentos de autogest&#227;o e sa&#250;de relacionados com qualidade de vida pelo aumento do conhecimento, da facilita&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;as de comportamento,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> e potencialmente reduzindo os custos de sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A fim de planejar e propor interven&#231;&#245;es educacionais eficazes em programas de RC, &#233; importante ter informa&#231;&#245;es precisas sobre o que os cardiopatas sabem sobre sua condi&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Para tanto, a educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de deve tanto ser ofertada quanto avaliada de uma maneira simples, visando atingir todos os p&#250;blicos, incluindo os mais carentes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Assim, o Question&#225;rio para Educa&#231;&#227;o do Paciente Coronariano (CADE-Q), uma das poucas ferramentas no contexto da RC que &#233; psicometricamente validada, foi previamente desenvolvido no Brasil e validado para o Brasil e outros pa&#237;ses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Entretanto, o foco da RC foi sendo modificado ao longo dos anos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> e uma segunda vers&#227;o - o CADE-Q II - foi desenvolvida visando atualizar o conte&#250;do e abranger outros componentes educacionais, como a sa&#250;de psicossocial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar psicometricamente o CADE-Q II para o portugu&#234;s do Brasil.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Desenho e procedimentos</title>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa em Seres Humanos da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (n&#186; 1.350.973) de acordo com a resolu&#231;&#227;o 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de. Trata-se de um estudo observacional com corte transversal e multic&#234;ntrico, envolvendo centros de pesquisa em Belo Horizonte e em Florian&#243;polis. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro e maio de 2016.</p>
          <p>Primeiramente, foi realizada a tradu&#231;&#227;o e adapta&#231;&#227;o cultural. Este processo seguiu normas precisas aprovadas pelos autores e baseou-se no protocolo proposto por Guillemin et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>: (1) tradu&#231;&#227;o inicial, (2) tradu&#231;&#227;o reversa, (3) revis&#227;o das vers&#245;es geradas por um comit&#234; de especialistas, (4) pr&#233;-teste de equival&#234;ncia usando indiv&#237;duos bil&#237;ngues, e (5) revis&#227;o do peso das pontua&#231;&#245;es. A clareza da vers&#227;o traduzida e adaptada culturalmente foi ent&#227;o testada em pacientes coronarianos. Os resultados foram utilizados para refinar a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q II.</p>
          <p>Em segundo lugar, foi realizada a valida&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica. A ferramenta refinada foi administrada para uma amostra maior de participantes de tr&#234;s programas de RC na regi&#227;o da Grande Florian&#243;polis, Santa Catarina (um privado e dois p&#250;blicos) e um programa p&#250;blico em Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais). O instrumento foi aplicado por meio de entrevista. Os pesquisadores mantiveram uma posi&#231;&#227;o neutra durante a administra&#231;&#227;o, respondendo a perguntas sobre a pesquisa e incentivando os participantes a responder a todas as perguntas. O question&#225;rio foi readministrado duas semanas ap&#243;s a primeira aplica&#231;&#227;o em participantes selecionados por conveni&#234;ncia para avaliar a confiabilidade teste e reteste.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Participantes</title>
          <p>Para a valida&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica, foram recrutados pacientes participantes de programas de RC a partir das quatro institui&#231;&#245;es participantes que, atendem em conjunto cerca de 500 pacientes por m&#234;s. Destes, foi avaliada uma amostra por conveni&#234;ncia, a amostra foi baseada na disponibilidade dos recrutadores e pacientes que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. Portanto, participaram da pesquisa 307 pacientes, representando 61,4% da popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes das institui&#231;&#245;es estudadas. Estes programas t&#234;m uma dura&#231;&#227;o m&#237;nima de tr&#234;s meses e nenhum possui componente educacional estruturado.</p>
          <p>Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o foram ter diagn&#243;stico confirmado de DAC ou m&#250;ltiplos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e assinar o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram idade inferior a 18 anos e qualquer defici&#234;ncia visual, cognitiva ou mental significativa que impedisse a capacidade do participante para responder ao question&#225;rio.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Sobre o CADE-Q II</title>
          <p>O CADE-Q II foi concebido para verificar o n&#237;vel de conhecimento de coronarianos participantes de programas de RC sobre a DAC. O CADE-Q II avalia o conhecimento destes pacientes em cinco construtos te&#243;ricos ou &#225;reas: condi&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica, fatores de risco, exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, nutri&#231;&#227;o e risco psicossocial, baseados em documentos oficiais, refer&#234;ncias na &#225;rea.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> O instrumento possui 31 itens, cada um com quatro op&#231;&#245;es de resposta com afirma&#231;&#245;es acerca de um dos construtos abordados. Em cada item, uma op&#231;&#227;o de resposta &#233; a mais &#8220;correta&#8221;, ou seja, possui apenas informa&#231;&#245;es completas e verdadeiras sobre a &#225;rea em quest&#227;o e &#233; pontuada com 3 pontos, e uma op&#231;&#227;o de resposta &#233; &#8220;parcialmente correta&#8221;, contendo informa&#231;&#245;es distintas para a mesma &#225;rea em quest&#227;o, e &#233; pontuada com 1 ponto. As outras 2 op&#231;&#245;es de resposta s&#227;o &#8220;incorreta&#8221;, que &#233; a afirmativa onde todas as informa&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o incorretas, e &#8220;n&#227;o sei&#8221;, alternativa que deve ser preenchida quando o paciente n&#227;o tem certeza de nenhuma das tr&#234;s alternativas anteriores. Tanto as alternativas &#8220;incorreta&#8221; quanto &#8220;n&#227;o sei&#8221; n&#227;o apresentam pontua&#231;&#227;o. A soma da pontua&#231;&#227;o total do instrumento &#233; calculada para representar o conhecimento dos cardiopatas sobre os assuntos abordados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Assim, o instrumento visa tanto quantificar o n&#237;vel de conhecimento dos cardiopatas sobre sua doen&#231;a quanto identificar quais s&#227;o as &#225;reas de conhecimento mais deficit&#225;rias por parte dos pacientes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Vari&#225;veis</title>
          <p>Os pacientes que participam da valida&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica foram caracterizados de acordo com sexo, idade, n&#237;vel educacional, renda familiar mensal, comorbidades, fatores de risco card&#237;aco e hist&#243;ria pregressa da doen&#231;a. Todas as caracter&#237;sticas foram auto relatadas.</p>
          <p>As seguintes propriedades psicom&#233;tricas da vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q II foram testadas: clareza, validade de conte&#250;do, confiabilidade teste e reteste, consist&#234;ncia interna e validade de crit&#233;rio. Uma an&#225;lise descritiva dos escores totais, por &#225;rea e por quest&#227;o tamb&#233;m foi feita.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>O <italic>Statistical Package for Social Sciences</italic> (SPSS) - vers&#227;o 20.0 - foi usado para armazenar, classificar e analisar dados. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado para todos os testes foi de 5%. Quando mais de 20% dos itens do question&#225;rio estavam incompletos, os dados foram exclu&#237;dos da an&#225;lise.</p>
          <p>Visando testar a clareza e a validade de conte&#250;do, um pr&#233;-teste foi realizado com os pacientes com DAC a fim de obter <italic>feedback</italic> sobre os itens e se verificar o tempo necess&#225;rio para completar o question&#225;rio. Cinco especialistas tamb&#233;m avaliaram a clareza da vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q II.</p>
          <p>Na avalia&#231;&#227;o da confiabilidade teste e reteste, foi utilizado o coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse (CCI). Itens com valores de CCI inferiores a 0,7 foram eliminados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Em seguida, o alfa de Cronbach do instrumento foi calculado, de modo a avaliar a consist&#234;ncia interna. Nesta an&#225;lise, valores superiores a 0,70 foram considerados aceit&#225;veis refletindo a correla&#231;&#227;o interna entre os itens do instrumento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> A validade de crit&#233;rio foi avaliada comparando a pontua&#231;&#227;o do CADE-Q II com renda familiar mensal e n&#237;vel educacional.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Para verificar a normalidade dos dados foi utilizado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. A an&#225;lise descritiva da vers&#227;o em CADE-Q II tamb&#233;m foi realizada utilizando-se m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o para vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal, e mediana e intervalo interquartil em vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas com distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal. Para vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram utilizadas frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas. Para verificar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado.</p>
          <p>A mediana da pontua&#231;&#227;o total foi calculada visando refletir o conhecimento total dos pacientes. As medianas dos escores por &#225;rea tamb&#233;m foram descritas.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Tradu&#231;&#227;o, adapta&#231;&#227;o cultural e pr&#233;-teste</title>
          <p>A tradu&#231;&#227;o inicial foi realizada por tr&#234;s tradutores independentes, todos conscientes dos objetivos e conceitos subjacentes ao estudo que procuraram detectar ambiguidades e significados inesperados nos itens originais. A tradu&#231;&#227;o reversa foi realizada por um quarto tradutor que desconhecia os objetivos iniciais do estudo e a vers&#227;o original. Uma comiss&#227;o de cinco especialistas bil&#237;ngues revisou todas as vers&#245;es, adaptando culturalmente o instrumento para a realidade brasileira. Uma vers&#227;o final foi gerada e a clareza das quest&#245;es foi testada em 23 pacientes coronarianos.</p>
          <p>Durante o processo de tradu&#231;&#227;o e adapta&#231;&#227;o cultural, a quest&#227;o 4 da &#225;rea exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico (&#8220;<italic>tr&#234;s coisas que se pode fazer para exercer com seguran&#231;a ao ar livre no inverno s&#227;o</italic>&#8221;) foi adaptado, a fim de ser utilizado no contexto brasileiro. Esta mudan&#231;a foi relacionada com o clima, trocando o questionamento para o ver&#227;o (&#8220;<italic>o que voc&#234; pode fazer para se exercitar com seguran&#231;a ao ar livre no tempo quente e seco</italic>&#8221;), o que reflete melhor a realidade do Brasil, pa&#237;s tropical. Nenhuma outra altera&#231;&#227;o foi necess&#225;ria.</p>
          <p>Os 23 participantes levaram em m&#233;dia de 22,5 &#177; 3,5 minutos para completar o CADE-Q II e a m&#233;dia de clareza do instrumento apontada por eles foi de 7,0 &#177; 1,77. No que diz respeito &#224; validade de conte&#250;do, ap&#243;s a aplica&#231;&#227;o e discuss&#245;es individuais entre pacientes e pesquisadores foi confirmado que o CADE-Q II fornece uma descri&#231;&#227;o clara do objetivo das mensura&#231;&#245;es, da popula&#231;&#227;o alvo, dos conceitos que est&#227;o sendo medidos e da sele&#231;&#227;o dos itens.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Valida&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica</title>
          <p>Na valida&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica, 307 pacientes participantes de programas de RC completaram o CADE-Q II. As caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas dos participantes s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 1</xref>. Dentre os avaliados, 228 eram provenientes dos programas de RC de Florian&#243;polis e 77 pacientes de Belo Horizonte. A amostra foi principalmente do sexo masculino (n = 200; 65,1%) e com baixo n&#237;vel educacional (ensino fundamental incompleto, n = 88; 28,7%). A idade m&#233;dia foi de 63,3 &#177; 10,4 anos (m&#237;nimo = 31 anos, m&#225;ximo = 88 anos).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t3">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas, cl&#237;nicas e dos programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca dos participantes da valida&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica do instrumento CADE-Q II em portugu&#234;s e associa&#231;&#227;o entre estas vari&#225;veis e o n&#237;vel de conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (n = 307)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                  <th align="center">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">n (%)</th>
                  <th align="center">Escore Total CADE Q II<break/>Mediana (IIQ)</th>
                  <th align="center">p<italic><sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">&#8224;</xref></sup></italic></th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Sociodemogr&#225;ficas</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Sexo</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Homem</td>
                  <td align="center">200 (65,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (15,75)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,24</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Mulher</td>
                  <td align="center">107 (34,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (13)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>N&#237;vel Educacional</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Nunca esteve na escola</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (1)</td>
                  <td align="center">59 (15)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Ensino fundamental incompleto</td>
                  <td align="center">88 (28,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">45 (16)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Ensino fundamental completo</td>
                  <td align="center">39 (12,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">48 (13)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Ensino m&#233;dio incompleto</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (6,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (19)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Ensino m&#233;dio completo</td>
                  <td align="center">66 (21,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">55 (11)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Ensino superior incompleto</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">53,5 (11,75)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Ensino superior completo</td>
                  <td align="center">64 (20,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">58 (13,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (6,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">60 (8,75)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Renda familiar mensal</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Menos de um sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (16,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">48,5 (14,25)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Entre 1 e 5 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                  <td align="center">159 (51,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (14)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Entre 5-10 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (13)</td>
                  <td align="center">60 (14,75)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Entre 10-20 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                  <td align="center">32 (10,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">56,5 (9)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Mais que 20 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (8,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">57 (15,75)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Cl&#237;nicas</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Comorbidades/fatores de risco</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica</td>
                  <td align="center">178 (58)</td>
                  <td align="center">52,5 (17)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,84</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Dislipidemias</td>
                  <td align="center">160 (52,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (14,75)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,11</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Obesidade</td>
                  <td align="center">77 (25,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">51(17)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,34</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Diabetes tipo I e tipo II</td>
                  <td align="center">76 (24,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (14,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,68</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (8,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (14)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,95</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">33 (11,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (14)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,11</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Tabagismo </td>
                  <td align="center">12 (3,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (22,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,41</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (3,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">55 (11)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,12</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Doen&#231;a arterial obstrutiva perif&#233;rica</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (1,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (22,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,96</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Evento agudo</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio</td>
                  <td align="center">222 (72,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (16,25)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,11</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Procedimentos</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Angioplastia transluminal percut&#226;nea</td>
                  <td align="center">172 (56)</td>
                  <td align="center">53,5 (16,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,62</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">62 (20,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (14,75)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,70</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Tipo de Programa</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">P&#250;blico</td>
                  <td align="center">219 (71,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (17)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Privado</td>
                  <td align="center">88 (28,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">56 (13)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN6">
                <p>IQ intervalo interquartil; RC reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN7">
                <label>&#8224;</label>
                <p>Qui-quadrado;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN8">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>p &lt; 0,001.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>A confiabilidade teste e reteste foi avaliada em 49 pacientes selecionados por conveni&#234;ncia, e solicitados para preencherem a ferramenta novamente, com intervalo de 15 dias entre as avalia&#231;&#245;es. Entre esses pacientes, 24 eram participantes de um programa privado e 25 de um programa p&#250;blico de RC. A confiabilidade teste reteste foi avaliada pelo CCI para cada item, e os resultados est&#227;o tamb&#233;m apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 2</xref>. Os seguintes itens n&#227;o atenderam o padr&#227;o m&#237;nimo recomendado: item 4 da &#225;rea condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica (&#8220;<italic>Um ataque card&#237;aco ocorre</italic>&#8221;), item 4 da &#225;rea fator de risco (&#8220;<italic>O primeiro passo para controlar um fator de risco, como a press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea ou o colesterol, &#233;</italic>&#8221;), item 7 da &#225;rea nutri&#231;&#227;o (&#8220;<italic>Quantas por&#231;&#245;es de frutas e legumes os adultos devem consumir?</italic>&#8221;) e item 5 da &#225;rea condi&#231;&#227;o psicossocial (&#8220;<italic>O &#8216;estresse cr&#244;nico&#8217; se define como</italic>&#8221;). Estes itens foram exclu&#237;dos da vers&#227;o em Portugu&#234;s CADE-Q II. Assim, dos 31 itens do instrumento original, 27 itens comp&#245;em a escala em portugu&#234;s, cuja pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#225;xima &#233; de 81 pontos.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Mediana e intervalo interquartil dos escores do CADE-Q II por item e &#225;rea, itens completos (n = 307) e coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse (CCI) (n = 49)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">&#193;rea</th>
                  <th align="center">Item</th>
                  <th align="center">Mediana (IQ) dos escores por item</th>
                  <th align="center">Itens completos (%)</th>
                  <th align="center">CCI</th>
                  <th align="center">Mediana (IIQ) dos escores por &#225;rea</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="7">Condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica</td>
                  <td align="center">1. A Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana &#233;.</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,77</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">2. A angina (dor no peito por desconforto) ocorre</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,82</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">3. Em uma pessoa com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, qual &#233; a descri&#231;&#227;o comum da angina?</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,77</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">4. Um ataque card&#237;aco ocorre</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,47<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8225;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">5. A melhor forma para obter informa&#231;&#245;es sobre as suas medica&#231;&#245;es &#233; por meio do(a):</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,71</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">6. Medicamentos como a Aspirina (AAS) e Clopidogrel (PlavixTM) s&#227;o importantes porque</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,72</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="center">7. Os medicamentos de "estatina", como Atorvastatina (LipitorTM), Rosuvastatina (CrestorTM) ou Sinvastatina (ZocorTM) possuem efeito ben&#233;fico no corpo ao:</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,87</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="5">Fatores de risco</td>
                  <td align="center">1. Os fatores de risco para doen&#231;a card&#237;aca que podem ser mudados s&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,72</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">2. As medidas que podem ser tomadas para controlar os n&#237;veis de colesterol incluem</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,82</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">3. As medidas que podem ser tomadas para controlar a press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea incluem</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,79</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">4. O primeiro passo para controlar um fator de risco (como press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea ou colesterol) &#233;</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (1)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,36<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8225;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="center">5. As medidas para evitar o desenvolvimento do diabetes incluem</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,90</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="7">Exerc&#237;cio </td>
                  <td align="center">1. Quais s&#227;o as partes importantes de uma prescri&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cios?</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,71</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">2. Para uma pessoa que vive com doen&#231;a card&#237;aca, &#233; importante fazer um aquecimento antes do exerc&#237;cio porque</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,80</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">3. O pulso pode ser medido</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,86</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">4. O que voc&#234; pode fazer para se exercitar com seguran&#231;a ao ar livre no tempo quente e seco</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,78</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">5. Os benef&#237;cios de se fazer treinamento de resist&#234;ncia (levantar pesos ou faixas el&#225;sticas) incluem</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,87</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">6. Caso uma pessoa sinta desconforto peitoral durante uma sess&#227;o de caminhada, ele ou ela deveria</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,83</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="center">7. Como uma pessoa sabe se ele/ela est&#225; se exercitando no n&#237;vel correto?</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,85</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="7">Nutri&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">1. Qual &#233; a melhor fonte de &#244;mega 3 nos alimentos?</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,85</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">2. As gorduras trans s&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,70</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">3. Qual &#233; uma boa maneira de acrescentar fibra &#224; sua dieta</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,80</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">4. Qual dos seguintes alimentos possui mais sal</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,73</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">5. Qual combina&#231;&#227;o de alimentos pode ajudar a diminuir a press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea?</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,81</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">6. Ao ler os r&#243;tulos dos alimentos, o que se deve olhar primeiro?</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,92</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="center">7. Quantas por&#231;&#245;es de frutas e legumes os adultos devem consumir?</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (1)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,55<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8225;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="5">Condi&#231;&#227;o Psicossocial</td>
                  <td align="center">1. Quais dos itens abaixo s&#227;o t&#233;cnicas eficazes de controle do estresse?</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,92</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">2. Que tipos de estresse t&#234;m sido associados ao aumento do risco de ataque card&#237;aco?</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,73</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">3. Quais dos seguintes itens descreve sua melhor op&#231;&#227;o para reduzir seu risco de depress&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,86</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">4. &#201; importante reconhecer a "apneia do sono" porque</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,70</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="center">5. O "estresse cr&#244;nico" se define como</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,59<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8225;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Total</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">53 (14)</td>
                  <td align="center">100%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,77</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN9">
                <p>IIQ intervalo interquartil;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN10">
                <label>&#8225;</label>
                <p>Itens exclu&#237;dos da vers&#227;o final em portugu&#234;s devido ao CCI &lt; 0,70.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>A consist&#234;ncia interna do instrumento - j&#225; com 27 itens - foi avaliada e o alfa de Cronbach encontrado foi 0,78. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; validade de crit&#233;rio, conforme descrito na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 1</xref> os pacientes com maiores n&#237;veis de escolaridade (p &lt; 0,001) e maior renda familiar (p &lt; 0,001) apresentaram maior conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a em compara&#231;&#227;o aos demais pacientes.</p>
          <p>As medianas e intervalos interquartis dos itens e &#225;reas est&#227;o descritos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 2</xref>. A mediana da pontua&#231;&#227;o total foi de 53 (14) pontos, correspondendo a 65,4% do escore total poss&#237;vel. Os itens com melhores escores foram: &#8220;<italic>Qual &#233; a melhor fonte de &#244;mega 3 nos alimentos?</italic> &#8221;, &#8220;<italic>O que voc&#234; pode fazer para se exercitar com seguran&#231;a ao ar livre no tempo quente e seco</italic>&#8221; e &#8220;<italic>Quais dos seguintes itens descreve sua melhor op&#231;&#227;o para reduzir seu risco de depress&#227;o</italic>&#8221;. Os itens com os piores escores foram: &#8220;<italic>O primeiro passo para controlar um fator de risco (como press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea ou colesterol) &#233;</italic>&#8221;, &#8220;<italic>Quantas por&#231;&#245;es de frutas e legumes os adultos devem consumir?</italic>&#8221; e &#8220;<italic>Os medicamentos &#224; base de estatina possuem efeito ben&#233;fico no corpo ao</italic>&#8221;. A &#225;rea com maior escore foi &#8220;exerc&#237;cio&#8221; e com menor foi &#8220;condi&#231;&#227;o psicossocial&#8221;.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Este estudo objetivou validar e adaptar o CADE-Q II para o Portugu&#234;s do Brasil. O processo seguiu normas precisas, uma vez que a adapta&#231;&#227;o de um instrumento a ser usado por uma popula&#231;&#227;o diferente daquela onde o instrumento foi originalmente constru&#237;do exige um esfor&#231;o maior do que simplesmente tradu&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lises idiom&#225;tica e sem&#226;ntica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> As propriedades psicom&#233;tricas - validade de conte&#250;do, confiabilidade teste e reteste, consist&#234;ncia interna e validade de construto - foram todas estabelecidas, demonstrando-se a validade deste instrumento para o Brasil.</p>
        <p>Os resultados deste estudo foram consistentes com aqueles apresentados na valida&#231;&#227;o original,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> particularmente em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; consist&#234;ncia interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,91 vs. 0,78), demonstrando que h&#225; uma correla&#231;&#227;o adequada entre os itens do question&#225;rio, tanto na vers&#227;o original quanto na vers&#227;o para o portugu&#234;s.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> No entanto, o CADE-Q II foi validado em um estudo multic&#234;ntrico e isso pode ter afetado o valor do alfa (n&#227;o t&#227;o alto quanto o da vers&#227;o original). Uma outra diferen&#231;a entre as vers&#245;es ingl&#234;s e portugu&#234;s foi na maneira de aplicar o instrumento: neste estudo os question&#225;rios foram aplicados por meio de entrevista e na vers&#227;o em ingl&#234;s o instrumento foi autoaplic&#225;vel.</p>
        <p>No que diz respeito &#224; validade de crit&#233;rio, houve associa&#231;&#227;o positiva entre o n&#237;vel de conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a e os n&#237;veis de escolaridade e renda familiar, indicando que fatores socioecon&#244;micos podem ser determinantes do conhecimento em sa&#250;de, conforme j&#225; demonstrado em outros estudos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Outro dado que refor&#231;a esses resultados &#233; que, no presente estudo, a participa&#231;&#227;o em programa privado de RC apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o positiva com o conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a, refor&#231;ando a influ&#234;ncia das disparidades socioecon&#244;micas na educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> Estes resultados deixam clara a necessidade de desenvolver estrat&#233;gias que visem eliminar as barreiras entre ao conhecimento em sa&#250;de e pacientes de diferentes classes sociais. Neste sentido, estas propostas precisam ser pautadas em modelos simples, com um grande poder de alcance populacional visto que, os pacientes menos instru&#237;dos s&#227;o os que provavelmente mais apresentam necessidades de interven&#231;&#245;es educacionais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, observou-se que pacientes com mais comorbidades, fatores de risco, procedimentos e eventos agudos n&#227;o apresentaram conhecimento superior sobre a doen&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o aos pacientes sem estas condi&#231;&#245;es. Estes resultados se contrap&#245;em aos encontrados na valida&#231;&#227;o original do instrumento, onde os pacientes com mais fatores de risco associados apresentaram maior conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Estes achados podem estar relacionados as diferen&#231;as na abordagem da equipe da sa&#250;de em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de para o paciente e tamb&#233;m com a capacidade de compreens&#227;o dos coronarianos sobre as informa&#231;&#245;es repassadas nos diferentes contextos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
				</p>
        <p>&#201; necess&#225;rio cautela na interpreta&#231;&#227;o destes achados. Em primeiro lugar, os resultados n&#227;o s&#227;o generaliz&#225;veis, uma vez que a amostra foi selecionada por conveni&#234;ncia, e recrutada de apenas quatro programas de RC, o que reduz o alcance dos desfechos. Em segundo lugar, o instrumento traduzido e validado para o portugu&#234;s do Brasil, em ess&#234;ncia, &#233; baseado no curr&#237;culo educacional dos programas de RC do Canad&#225;, que disp&#245;em mais rigorosidade no processo educacional que os programas de RC brasileiros pesquisados. Em terceiro lugar, ainda que todos os avaliados sejam provenientes de programas de RC, trata-se de servi&#231;os diferentes (p&#250;blico <italic>versus</italic> privado) e em regi&#245;es diferentes do pa&#237;s. Logo, tanto o tipo de abordagem utilizada em cada programa quanto a abordagem realizada pelos diferentes avaliadores podem ter influenciado os resultados. Em quarto lugar, a an&#225;lise de confiabilidade foi realizada com 49 pacientes de apenas dois dos quatro programas selecionados; a literatura aponta que, nesta etapa, sejam avaliados no m&#237;nimo 50 sujeitos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> o que pode ter ocasionado uma tend&#234;ncia de respostas dos programas avaliados nessa etapa. Ainda em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; confiabilidade, a eventual educa&#231;&#227;o adicional nos 15 dias entre o teste e sua nova aplica&#231;&#227;o poderia ter interferido no resultado. Em quinto lugar, o presente instrumento n&#227;o foi constru&#237;do com as t&#233;cnicas de <italic>plain language</italic>, ou linguagem simples, o que pode ter causado dificuldades na interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos itens e possivelmente afetado os resultados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> Em sexto lugar, no instrumento original, foi utilizado o m&#233;todo de auto aplica&#231;&#227;o, enquanto que na vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s foi o m&#233;todo de entrevista. Ainda que os pesquisadores tenham sido treinados quanto &#224; aplica&#231;&#227;o do instrumento, o m&#233;todo de entrevista possui um vi&#233;s que pode influenciar nas respostas ao instrumento.</p>
        <p>Visando investigar esta quest&#227;o, sugere-se, para estudos futuros, a valida&#231;&#227;o e utiliza&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o curta do CADE-Q<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> como uma alternativa. Em novos estudos, tamb&#233;m se encoraja a reestrutura&#231;&#227;o das quest&#245;es exclu&#237;das por n&#227;o atenderem o padr&#227;o m&#237;nimo no CCI, para que sejam reavaliadas e inclu&#237;das no instrumento em novo processo de valida&#231;&#227;o. Al&#233;m disso, futuras pesquisas s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para avaliar se a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q II &#233; sens&#237;vel a altera&#231;&#245;es longitudinais avaliando o conhecimento dos pacientes antes e ap&#243;s sua participa&#231;&#227;o em programas de RC.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>Este estudo demonstrou que a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q II apresentou confiabilidade, consist&#234;ncia e validade suficientes, apoiando a sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o em estudos futuros para avaliar o conhecimento de pacientes com DAC em programas de RC. Espera-se que esta ferramenta possa dar suporte &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o do componente educacional de programas de RC e identificar conhecimentos compat&#237;veis com as necessidades de informa&#231;&#245;es dos cardiopatas.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 1.350.973. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
