<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Byq5dwtLgCzqf4Cyq9nwh4B</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000100065</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180243</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiac Fibrosis Occurs before Arterial Hypertension Becomes Well Defined?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4200-9380</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pinho</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Campinas</city>
            <state>S&#227;o Paulo</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica (PUC) Campinas, Campinas, S&#227;o Paulo - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1">Mailing Address: Claudio Pinho, Rua Paiquer&#234;, 766 Casa 64. Postal Code 13271600, Jardim Paiquer&#234;, Valinhos, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>cpinho@cardiol.br</email>, <email>drcpinho@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>1</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>65</fpage>
      <lpage>66</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Myocites, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Myoblasts, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Prehypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Pressue Monitoring Ambulatory/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Renin-Angiotensin System</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Target organ damage (TOD) of systemic arterial hypertension (AH) in the heart modifies the cardiomyocyte, Interstice and its arteries. Alterations that occur in AH include cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, connective tissue hyperplasia and neovascularization stimulation, among others.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> These alterations depend essentially on the stimulus of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> which may not homogeneously impact Kidneys, heart, brain and blood vessels. The response of the connective tissue to AH induces collagen production by fibroblasts and consequently interstitial fibrosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Since 2006 with the data published by Das MK et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> we have started to correlate the presence of notches that form the fragmented QRS (fQRS) with non-homogeneous electrical conduction resulting from myocardial fibrosis which can be restorative or reactive.</p>
    <p>With this information, Eyuboglu e Akdeniz<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> proposed to correlate the presence of the fQRS and absense of the nocturnal decline in individuals with prehypertension, considering the existence of evidence of higher chances of TOD of AH in these cases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In the study population, Eyuboglu e Akdeniz<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , found 13.9% of fQRS, in spite of the small &#8220;n&#8221;. Moreover, these were statistically correlated to the absence of nocturnal decline of selected pre-hypertense through the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) without previous therapeutic approach, that is, without previous SRAA or SNS blockage. It was unclear in their methodology if the absence of the dipping referred to systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure alone or both simultaneously. It was also unclear how those patients that didn&#8217;t sleep adequately due to pressure measures of ABPM were approached in the study. However, diurnal measurements showed levels compatible with prehypertension that may ease possible criticism.</p>
    <p>Another item to be considered in Eyuboglu e Akdeniz<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> is that although that study excluded left ventricular hypertrophy carriers identified by the echocardiogram and electrocardiogram, there would be interest in exploring the further correlation of mass index of VE /corporal surface area and fQRS since this would not be improbable.</p>
    <p>Finally, the clinical relevance of the study is to alert us to the necessity of early treatment of the fQRS carriers, because they already show some reactive interstitial response, which is an evidence of early TOD in AH. We could also have in mind that the undertaking of the cardiomyocyte, interstice and vessels may not be simultaneous. Not even in terms of the response of AARS and SNS. Therefore in a group of pre-hypertense, the interstice could respond precociously with collagen production leading to fibrosis impacting not only diastolic function of left ventricle but also with repercussions on left atrium, overloading the contractile function before AH becomes evident. Therefore, cardiac fibrosis can occur before AH becomes evident!</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 P&#243;voa R, Bombig MTN. Cardiopatia hipertensiva. S&#227;o Paulo: Editora Atheneu; 2011.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>P&#243;voa</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bombig</surname>
              <given-names>MTN</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Cardiopatia hipertensiva</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Editora Atheneu</publisher-name>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Sampaio WO, Ferreira AJ; Santos RAS. Sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona na hipertens&#227;o arterial. In: Krieger EM, Lopes HF. Hipertens&#227;o arterial. S&#227;o Paulo: Editora Atheneu; 2013.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sampaio</surname>
              <given-names>WO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ferreira</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>RAS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <chapter-title>Sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona na hipertens&#227;o arterial</chapter-title>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Krieger</surname>
              <given-names>EM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lopes</surname>
              <given-names>HF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Hipertens&#227;o arterial</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Editora Atheneu</publisher-name>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Kaplan NM, Victor RG. Kaplan's clinical Hypertension. Philadelphia: Lippincott Willians&amp;Wilkins, Wolters Kluwer; 2010.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kaplan</surname>
              <given-names>NM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Victor</surname>
              <given-names>RG</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Kaplan's clinical Hypertension</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <publisher-loc>Philadelphia</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Lippincott Willians&amp;Wilkins, Wolters Kluwer</publisher-name>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Das MK, Khan B, Jacob S, Kumar A, Mahenthiran J. Significance of a fragmented QRS complex versus a Q wave in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2006;113(21):2495-501.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Das</surname>
              <given-names>MK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Khan</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jacob</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kumar</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mahenthiran</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Significance of a fragmented QRS complex versus a Q wave in patients with coronary artery disease</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2006</year>
          <volume>113</volume>
          <issue>21</issue>
          <fpage>2495</fpage>
          <lpage>2501</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 Eyuboglu M, Akdeniz B; Associa&#231;&#227;o entre aus&#234;ncia de cdescenso da press&#227;o arterial durante o sono e a fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do complex QRS em pacientes hipertensos. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 112(1):59-6.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Eyuboglu</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Akdeniz</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Associa&#231;&#227;o entre aus&#234;ncia de cdescenso da press&#227;o arterial durante o sono e a fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do complex QRS em pacientes hipertensos</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>112</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>59</fpage>
          <lpage>56</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6 Verdecchia P. Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure: current evidence and clinical implications. Hypertension. 2000;35(3):844-51.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Verdecchia</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure: current evidence and clinical implications</article-title>
          <source>Hypertension</source>
          <year>2000</year>
          <volume>35</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>844</fpage>
          <lpage>851</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7 O'Brien E, Parati G, Stergiou G, Asmar R, Beilin L, Bilo G, et al. European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring. European Society of Hypertension position paper on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Hypertens. 2013;31(9):1731-68.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>O'Brien</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Parati</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Stergiou</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Asmar</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Beilin</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bilo</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring. European Society of Hypertension position paper on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring</article-title>
          <source>J Hypertens</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>31</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>1731</fpage>
          <lpage>1768</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Fibrose Card&#237;aca pode Ocorrer antes da Hipertens&#227;o Arterial se Tornar Declarada?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4200-9380</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pinho</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica (PUC) Campinas, Campinas, S&#227;o Paulo - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2">Correspond&#234;ncia: Claudio Pinho, Rua Paiquer&#234;, 766 Casa 64. CEP 13271600, Jardim Paiquer&#234;, Valinhos, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>cpinho@cardiol.br</email>, <email>drcpinho@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Mi&#243;citos Card&#237;acos</kwd>
        <kwd>Mioblastos Card&#237;acos</kwd>
        <kwd>Pr&#233;-Hipertes&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Monitora&#231;&#227;o Ambulatorial da Press&#227;o Arterial/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistema Renina-Angiotensina</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A les&#227;o de &#243;rg&#227;o-alvo (LOA) da hipertens&#227;o arterial (HA) no cora&#231;&#227;o modifica o cardiomi&#243;cito, o interst&#237;cio e suas art&#233;rias. As altera&#231;&#245;es que ocorrem na HA incluem hipertrofia do cardiomi&#243;cito, a hiperplasia do tecido conjuntivo do arcabou&#231;o de sustenta&#231;&#227;o e est&#237;mulos de neovasculariza&#231;&#227;o dentre outros.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Essas altera&#231;&#245;es dependem primordialmente de est&#237;mulos do sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona (SRAA) e do sistema nervoso simp&#225;tico (SNS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Esses est&#237;mulos podem n&#227;o acometer homogeneamente os rins, o cora&#231;&#227;o, o enc&#233;falo e os vasos sangu&#237;neos. O acometimento do arcabou&#231;o leva a produ&#231;&#227;o de col&#225;geno pelos fibroblastos e consequentemente a fibrose intersticial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A partir da publica&#231;&#227;o de Das MK et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> come&#231;amos a correlacionar a presen&#231;a dos entalhes que formam o QRS fragmentado (fQRS) com condu&#231;&#227;o el&#233;trica n&#227;o homog&#234;nea, decorrente de fibrose mioc&#225;rdica que pode ser reparadora ou reativa.</p>
      <p>Com essa informa&#231;&#227;o, Eyuboglu e Akdeniz<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> propuseram em seu estudo, correlacionar a presen&#231;a de fQRS com aus&#234;ncia de descenso noturno em pr&#233;-hipertensos, pois este fato tem evidencia conhecida de adicionar risco levando a maior chance de LOA da HA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Na popula&#231;&#227;o de seu estudo, Eyuboglu e Akdeniz<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> encontraram 13,9% de fQRS. Apesar do &#8220;n&#8221; pequeno, estes se correlacionaram estatisticamente com a aus&#234;ncia do descenso noturno nos pr&#233;-hipertensos selecionados pela monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da press&#227;o arterial (MAPA) sem abordagem terap&#234;utica pr&#233;via, ou seja, sem evid&#234;ncia anterior de bloqueio do SRAA ou do SNS. N&#227;o ficou claro em sua metodologia se a aus&#234;ncia do descenso se referia a press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica ou press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica ou somente a ambas concomitantemente. Tamb&#233;m n&#227;o ficou esclarecido como os pacientes, que n&#227;o dormiram adequadamente em fun&#231;&#227;o das medidas press&#243;ricas da MAPA, foram abordados no estudo. No entanto, as medidas diurnas destes mostraram n&#237;veis considerados como compat&#237;veis com pr&#233;-hipertens&#227;o pela defini&#231;&#227;o, o que minimiza esta cr&#237;tica.</p>
      <p>Outro ponto a ser considerado no estudo de Eyuboglu e Akdeniz<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> &#233; que apesar da exclus&#227;o dos portadores de hipertrofia do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) pelo ecocardiograma e pelo eletrocardiograma, h&#225; o interesse em conhecer a correla&#231;&#227;o do &#237;ndice de massa do VE/&#225;rea da superf&#237;cie corporal com fQRS, pois n&#227;o seria improv&#225;vel o encontro de correla&#231;&#227;o entre a massa do VE e presen&#231;a de fQRS.</p>
      <p>Por fim, a relev&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica do estudo &#233; nos alertar para o tratamento precoce do portador de fQRS por j&#225; evidenciarem resposta reativa do interst&#237;cio, o que traduziria LOA card&#237;aca precoce da HA. Tamb&#233;m poder&#237;amos ter em mente que o acometimento do cardiomiocito, do interst&#237;cio e dos vasos n&#227;o seria temporalmente simult&#226;neo, nem sua resposta aos est&#237;mulos do SRAA e do SNS. Portanto, em um grupo de pr&#233;-hipertensos o arcabou&#231;o de sustenta&#231;&#227;o poderia responder mais precocemente com produ&#231;&#227;o de col&#225;geno, levando a fibrose com reflexos tanto na fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica do VE como repercutindo no &#225;trio esquerdo, sobrecarregando sua fun&#231;&#227;o contr&#225;til antes da HA se tornar declarada pelos conceitos do estudo. Logo a fibrose card&#237;aca pode ocorrer antes da HA se tornar declarada!</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
