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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">9JrjsDQxLcvbMMWMjjZjhbP</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000100020</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2018005019101</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180239</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Regional QT Interval Dispersion as an Early Predictor of Reperfusion in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction after Fibrinolytic Therapy</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dotta</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco Antonio Helfenstein</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Izar</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Cristina de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Tulio de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Flavio Tocci</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pinheiro</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Fernando Muniz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Adriano Henrique Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Caixeta</surname>
            <given-names>Adriano Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>P&#243;voa</surname>
            <given-names>Rui Manoel Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6746-8327</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bianco</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Tria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Henrique Tria Bianco,</bold> Disciplina de Cardiologia -Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo - Rua Loefgren, 1350. Postal Code 04040-001, Vila Clementino, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. Email: <email>henriquetria@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Dotta G, P&#243;voa RMS, Bianco HT; acquisition of data: Dotta G, Souza MT, Pinheiro LFM, Barbosa AHP, Caixeta AM; Carvalho AC; analysis and interpretation of the data: Fonseca FAH, Izar MC, Moreira FT, Pinheiro LFM, Barbosa AHP, P&#243;voa RMS, Carvalho AC, Bianco HT; statistical analysis: Fonseca FAH, Izar MC, Bianco HT; writing of the manuscript: Dotta G, Souza MT, Moreira FT; critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual contente: Dotta G, Fonseca FAH, Izar MC, Moreira FT, P&#243;voa RMS, Carvalho AC, Bianco HT.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>1</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>20</fpage>
      <lpage>29</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction attending primary care centers, treated with pharmaco-invasive strategy, are submitted to coronary angiography within 2-24 hours of fibrinolytic treatment. In this context, the knowledge about biomarkers of reperfusion, such as 50% ST-segment resolution is crucial.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To evaluate the performance of QT interval dispersion in addition to other classical criteria, as an early marker of reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Observational study including 104 patients treated with tenecteplase (TNK), referred for a tertiary hospital. Electrocardiographic analysis consisted of measurements of the QT interval and QT dispersion in the 12 leads or in the ST-segment elevation area prior to and 60 minutes after TNK administration. All patients underwent angiography, with determination of TIMI flow and Blush grade in the culprit artery. P-values &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>We found an increase in regional dispersion of the QT interval, corrected for heart rate (regional QTcD) 60 minutes after thrombolysis (p = 0.06) in anterior wall infarction in patients with TIMI flow 3 and Blush grade 3 [T3B3(+)]. When regional QTcD was added to the electrocardiographic criteria for reperfusion (i.e., &gt; 50% ST-segment resolution), the area under the curve increased to 0.87 [(0.78-0.96). 95% IC. p &lt; 0.001] in patients with coronary flow of T3B3(+). In patients with ST-segment resolution &gt;50% and regional QTcD &gt; 13 ms, we found a 93% sensitivity and 71% specificity for reperfusion in T3B3(+), and 6% of patients with successful reperfusion were reclassified.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>Our data suggest that regional QTcD is a promising non-invasive instrument for detection of reperfusion in the culprit artery 60 minutes after thrombolysis. </p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Reperfusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarkers</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Despite advances in its treatment, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rates are still high. In this regard, reperfusion of the culprit artery has become the main objective of ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) treatment. Early reperfusion with preservation of arterial permeability is responsible for mortality reduction in the acute phase, and in medium and long term.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Nevertheless, once arterial flow is reestablished, myocardial stunning is not resolved due to the injury-reperfusion process.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is considered the gold standard for the treatment of STEMI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Nevertheless, when PCI is not available or cannot be performed in a timely manner, pharmaco-invasive strategy (PIS) is an alternative for reperfusion, consisted of intravenous fibrinolysis, conducted in primary or prehospital care.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Classical criteria for reperfusion include improvement of ischemic symptoms and ST-segment resolution (&gt; 50% in the highest lead within 60-90 min of fibrinolytic administration).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>There is some controversy about the behavior of the heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) after STEMI. While some studies have reported an increase in QTc in the acute phase followed by its decrease after reperfusion, others reported increased QTc, which was associated with non-reperfusion.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> QTc dispersion (QTcD) was reduced in patients with successful fibrinolytic therapy and decreased in non-revascularized patients. A reduction in QTcD after fibrinolysis was predictive of coronary reperfusion.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> There is evidence that recanalization after an acute event is associated with a decrease in QTcD, as observed in the TEAM-2 and TEAM-3 studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> To our knowledge, there is no study on QTcD after PIS combined with angiographic perfusion imaging (TIMI flow and Blush grade) after tenecteplase (TNK) administration.</p>
      <p>Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the behavior of QTcD in electrocardiography (ECG) before and 60 minutes after thrombolysis according to PIS, as an early marker of reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy when added to classical criteria.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>This was an observational, prospective study. The study was approved by the local ethics committee and all patients or their legal representatives signed an informed consent form before participating in the study.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Patients</title>
        <p>We selected patients with STEMI that sought medical care at public health centers in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, who had undergone thrombolytic therapy using TNK, referred for angiography in a tertiary hospital, regardless of electrocardiographic criterion for reperfusion (ST-segment resolution &gt; 50%). Only patients with primary diagnostic of myocardial infarction, considered eligible to thrombolytic therapy in PIS were consecutively included. One hundred and ten patients were initially included, and six were excluded for electrocardiographic reasons. Exclusion criteria were: known contraindications to fibrinolysis, and electrocardiographic findings that could affect QT interval measurements, such as bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation or previous myocardial infarction.</p>
        <p>Thus, in the present study, 104 patients of both sexes were included, all of them with primary AMI, treated with TNK within 6 hours of symptoms&#8217; onset at primary care centers and subsequently referred for coronary angiography at a tertiary hospital within 2-24 hours of fibrinolysis, or immediately, in situations when a rescue therapy was needed. The operation of the STEMI network in Sao Paulo has been previously published.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Clinical and demographic data of the patients were obtained. An experienced echocardiographer, who did not know about their clinical history performed the measurements of the ventricular ejection fraction on the fifth day following AMI in all patients.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Electrocardiographic analysis</title>
        <p>Electrocardiographic analysis consisted of an ECG before and 60 minutes after fibrinolysis, using certified and calibrated devices, with patients in prone position. Two independent observers, unaware of patients&#8217; clinical characteristics, analyzed the ECG results. The criteria to undergo electrocardiographic reperfusion was a reduction in ST-segment greater than 50% in the highest lead within 60 minutes of fibrinolytic administration.</p>
        <p>QT interval was manually measured using a digital caliper, with a lineal, non-contact measurement system, with a resolution of 0.1 mm/0.01&#8217;&#8217;, accuracy of &#177; 0,2 mm / 0.001" (&lt; 100 mm) and &#177; 0.03 mm / 0.01"(&gt;100 - 200 mm) and repeatability of 0.1 mm / 0.01". QT values were converted to milliseconds (ms) and corrected for heart rate by the Hodges&#8217; linear method using the formula [QTc = QT + 1.75 (RR - 60)]. In order to minimize intraobserver variability, QT interval was calculated by the mean of three measurements in consecutive QRS complexes and in all ECG leads. Kappa coefficient was calculated to minimize the interobserver variability. QT measurements were performed using the tangent method, in which the end of T-wave was defined as the intersection of this tangent with the baseline, at the maximal slope at the end of the QT interval.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> In the presence of a U-wave, the end of T wave was taken as the nadir between T and U waves. Additionally, we excluded from the analysis all ECG leads where some variables, particularly the T-wave, could not be clearly determined.</p>
        <p>QTcD was defined as the difference between the maximum (QT<sub>max</sub>) and minimum QT (QT<sub>min</sub>) interval in 12-lead ECG. Regional dispersion was calculated as the difference between QT<sub>max</sub> and QT<sub>min</sub> only in leads with ST-segment elevation. Acute anterior wall myocardial infarction was defined as ST-segment elevation in DI, aVL, V1-V3 or V1-V6 leads, whereas non-anterior wall myocardial infarction defined as ST-segment elevation in DII, DIII, aVF, and V<sub>5</sub>-V<sub>6</sub> leads.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Angiographic analysis</title>
        <p>Angiographic analysis was performed in a tertiary hospital according to a PIS protocol previously described. Two experienced hemodynamic technicians (more than 15 years of practice), unaware of any information that could affect angiographic analysis, analyzed the epicardial flow according to TIMI flow grade,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> and myocardial perfusion according to myocardial Blush grade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Myocardial blush, defined as contrast density in myocardial microcirculation (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Chart 1</xref>), was assessed only in patients with TIMI3 grade.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Chart 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Definitions for myocardial perfusion (microperfusion) by Myocardial Blush Grade</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="100%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left"><bold>Grade 0 (absence of myocardial perfusion):</bold> absence of myocardial blush or contrast density</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left"><bold>Grade 1 (minimal myocardial perfusion):</bold> minimal myocardial blush or contrast density</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left"><bold>Grade 2 (partial myocardial perfusion):</bold> moderate myocardial blush or contrast density, but less than that obtained during contrast injection into a contra-lateral or ipsilateral non-infarcted-related coronary artery </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left"><bold>Grade 3 (complete myocardial perfusion):</bold> normal myocardial blush or contrast density, comparable with that obtained during contrast injection into a contra-lateral or ipsilateral non-infarcted-related coronary artery</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <p>Adapted from Van 't Hof et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
							</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Numerical data were expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD) in case of variables with normal distribution, or as median and interquartile range (IQR) in case of quantitative variables with non-normal distribution. The normality of data distribution was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; kurtosis and asymmetry of data distribution were also examined. Categorical variables were expressed as number (n) and percentage (%) and compared by the Pearson&#8217;s chi-square test, or Fisher&#8217;s exact test, as appropriate. Continuous variables were compared by Student&#8217;s t-test for independent samples or the Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate. Within-group comparisons were made by t-test for related samples or the Wilcoxon test. All tests were two-tailed, and a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves, based on C-statistics, were constructed to determine optimal cut-off values for some of the variables. All tests were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)<sup>&#174;</sup> software version 17.0, da SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Baseline characteristics of the population</title>
        <p>A total of 104 patients attending public primary care centers, with clinical and electrocardiographic diagnosis of STEMI, treated with a fibrinolytic agent (TNK) and submitted to coronary angiography within 2-24 hours thereafter were included in the study. Main demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>. Age ranged from 35 to 74 years old, and most patients were men. Time (median and IQR) between symptom onset and initiation of thrombolytic therapy was 180 minutes (120-240 minutes).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Baseline clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients (n = 104)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Age (years)</th>
                <th align="center">Men n (%)</th>
                <th align="center">Type 2 DM n (%)</th>
                <th align="center">SAH n (%)</th>
                <th align="center">Dyslipidemia n (%)</th>
                <th align="center">Smokers n (%)</th>
                <th align="center">Symptom onset (min), m &#177; SD</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">55.6 &#177; 8.78</td>
                <td align="center">66 (62.9)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (20)</td>
                <td align="center">60 (57.1)</td>
                <td align="center">36 (34.3)</td>
                <td align="center">51 (48.6)</td>
                <td align="center">192.16 &#177; 94.35</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>Data expressed as mean and standard deviation (m&#177;SD), or number and percentage, n (%), DM: diabetes mellitus; SAH: systemic arterial hypertension</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Localization of infarction</title>
        <p>AMI was classified according to the ventricular wall involved. For statistical analysis purpose, AMI was grouped into anterior (n = 42) and non-anterior wall infarction (n = 62).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Distribution of QTc and QTcD by electrocardiographic criterion for reperfusion</title>
        <p>Sixty-seven (64%) patients met the electrocardiographic criterion for reperfusion. Electrocardiographic tracings were analyzed by two independent observers, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.84. Patients were categorized into two groups - patients with signs of reperfusion and patients without signs of reperfusion, considering only a ST-segment resolution of 50% or more. Values of QTc and QTcD before and after fibrinolysis are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>. QTc and QTcD intervals in all 12 leads were not different between the groups. Regional QTcD increased in patients with criterion for reperfusion and, considering the involvement of ventricular wall, in patients with anterior wall myocardial infarction with criterion for reperfusion (p = 0.023) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) and QTc dispersion behavior in the 12 leads and in the leads with ST-segment elevation only (regional QTcD) in patients who met and in those who did not meet electrocardiographic criteria for reperfusion</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Variable</th>
                <th align="center">With ST-segment resolution (n =67)</th>
                <th align="center">p-value</th>
                <th align="center">Without ST-segment resolution (n =37)</th>
                <th align="center">p-value</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="4">QTc (ms), m &#177; SD</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.25</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.06</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">423.79 &#177; 27.89</td>
                <td align="center">416.10 &#177; 26.17</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">429.02 &#177; 44.60</td>
                <td align="center">424.86 &#177; 24.12</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="4">QTcD (ms), md (IQR)</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.28</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.29</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">59.0 (45-84)</td>
                <td align="center">61 (42-73.5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">63.0 (47-76)</td>
                <td align="center">64 (44.5-90)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="4">Regional QTc (ms), &#177; SD</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.12</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.24</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">420.30 &#177; 26.27</td>
                <td align="center">420.00 &#177; 30.67</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">430.00 &#177; 45.70</td>
                <td align="center">423.89 &#177; 31.95</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="4">Regional QTcD (ms), md (IQR)</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.01</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.13</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">28 (16-44)</td>
                <td align="center">11.5 (23-44)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">33 &#177; (20-59)</td>
                <td align="center">42 (20-64)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>Data expressed as mean and standard deviation (m &#177; SD); median and interquartile range, md (IQR); QTcD: QTc dispersion; regional QTc: mean QTc in infarcted area (leads with ST-segment elevation); regional QTcD: regional QTc dispersion (leads with ST-segment elevation); TNK: tenecteplase. Student's t-test for related samples or Wilcoxon test, as appropriate.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Regional QT interval, corrected for heart rate (QTc) in anterior wall infarction in patients with or without ST-segment resolution and patients with or without TIMI 3 and Blush 3 (n = 42)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Variable</th>
                <th align="center">With ST-segment resolution n = 23</th>
                <th align="center">p-value</th>
                <th align="center">Without ST-segment resolution (n = 19)</th>
                <th align="center">p-value</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="4">Regional QTc (ms), m &#177; SD</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.35</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.17</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">428.54 &#177; 28.24</td>
                <td align="center">419.56 &#177; 28.44</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">429.75 &#177; 42.59</td>
                <td align="center">424.26 &#177; 30.55</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="4">Regional QTcD (ms), md (IQR)</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.023</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.07</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">28 (17.5-51.25)</td>
                <td align="center">21.5 (9.5-39.25)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">40 (30-66.7)</td>
                <td align="center">38.5 (17.5-59)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;border-top-width:thin;border-top-style:solid">
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">T3B3 (+) n =18</td>
                <td align="center">p-value</td>
                <td align="center">T3B3 (-) n =24</td>
                <td align="center">p-value</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="4">Regional QTc (ms), m &#177; SD</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.26</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.70</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">425.53 &#177; 28.24</td>
                <td align="center">421.66 &#177; 28.44</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">439.88 &#177; 42.59</td>
                <td align="center">417.62 &#177; 30.55</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="4">Regional QTcD (ms), md (IQR)</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.006</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.07</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">23 (15.75-39.25)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (18-46)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Post-TNK</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">38 (24.25-73.0)</td>
                <td align="center">42 (21-61)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>Data expressed as mean and standard deviation (m&#177;SD); median and interquartile range, md (IQR); regional QTc: regional QTc in anterior wall infarction; regional QTcD: regional dispersion of the QTc interval in anterior wall infarction; TNK: tenecteplase; T3B3 (+): TIMI 3 and Blush grade 3; T3B3 (-): TIMI &lt; 3 and Blush &lt; 3. Student's t-test for related samples, or Wilcoxon test, as appropriate.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Distribution of QTcD by angiographic data</title>
        <p>Patients were categorized into two groups according to TIMI and Blush grades. Patients with optimal reperfusion, <italic>i.e</italic>., TIMI 3 and Blush grade 3 - group T3B3 (+) - and those with TIMI &lt; 3 and Blush &lt; 3 - group T3B3 (-). Regional QTcD for anterior wall infarction significantly increased in the T3B3(+) group (p = 0.06), but not in non-anterior wall infarction (p = 0.77). To rule out the possibility of measurement bias in non-anterior wall infarction, regional QTcD in unipolar leads (V<sub>1</sub>-V<sub>6</sub>) was compared with that in bipolar leads, with no statistically significant difference.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Distribution of coronary flow by TIMI and Blush grades</title>
        <p>Distribution of the flow in the culprit artery according to TIMI grade flow 0, 1, 2 and 3 was 20.2%, 7.7%, 13.5% and 58.7%, respectively. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref> depicts (a) percentage distribution of patients according to TIMI grade flow and the electrocardiographic criterion for reperfusion (ST-segment resolution); (b) distribution of patients (in relative frequency) according to TIMI and Blush scores (T3B3) and ST-segment resolution. Few patients with TIMI3 did not show adequate myocardial perfusion according to myocardial Blush grade. Distribution of myocardial blush grades 0, 1, 2 and 3 was 4.9%, 3.3%, 4.9% and 86.9%, respectively in patients with TIMI 3.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Distribution of patients by the presence of ST-segment resolution (classical electrocardiographic criteria for reperfusion) and angiographic profile of TIMI flow (1a) or perfusion pattern (TIMI flow and Bulsh grade); in the culprit artery; T3B3 (+): patients with TIMI 3 and Blush grade 3 in the culprit artery; T3B3 (-): patients with TIMI 3 and Blush grade &lt; 3 in the culprit artery (1b). </title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-112-01-0020-80239-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>With respect to the prediction of optimal coronary reperfusion [T3B3(+)], the criterion for reperfusion by ECG and analysis of QTcD showed a positive predictive value of 73%, negative predictive value of 89%, sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 73%. Baseline demographic characteristics according to TIMI/Blush were not different between T3B3(+) and T3B3(-), except for left ventricular ejection fraction, which was lower in T3B3(-) [(52.6 &#177; 9.8 <italic>vs</italic> 47.8 &#177; 8.5; p =0.009)] (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>). ECG parameters were not different before and 60 minutes after thrombolysis (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 5</xref>). ROC curves were constructed to evaluate the classification performance of the regional QTcD and to establish the best cutoff point, as illustrated in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Table 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Clinical characteristics in the groups of patients with or without angiographic criteria for adequate reperfusion according to TIMI flow and Blush grades</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Characteristics</th>
                <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">T3B3 (+)</th>
                <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">T3B3 (-)</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">p-value</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">n =53</th>
                <th align="center">n =51</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Age (years), md (IQR)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (47-63)</td>
                <td align="center">56 (52-62)</td>
                <td align="center">0.51</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Male, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">28 (52.8)</td>
                <td align="center">38 (74.5)</td>
                <td align="center">0.02</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Type 2 DM, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (15.1)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (25.5)</td>
                <td align="center">0.19</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hypertension, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (50.9)</td>
                <td align="center">33 (64.7)</td>
                <td align="center">0.16</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dyslipidemia, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (28.3)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (41.2)</td>
                <td align="center">0.17</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Smokers, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (45.3)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (53)</td>
                <td align="center">0.43</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Time for TNK administration, (min): md -IQR</td>
                <td align="center">185 (137-257)</td>
                <td align="center">138 (110-240)</td>
                <td align="center">0.18</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Time &lt; 180, (min): n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">32 (60)</td>
                <td align="center">22 (43)</td>
                <td align="center">0.12</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ejection fraction, (%): m &#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">52.6 &#177; 9.8</td>
                <td align="center">47.8 &#177; 8.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.009</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Anterior AMI, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (34)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (47)</td>
                <td align="center">0.17</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Non-anterior, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">35 (66)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (53)</td>
                <td align="center">0.17</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>Data expressed as mean and standard deviation (m &#177; SD), median and interquartile range (md, IQR), number and percentage, n (%); T3B3 (+): patients with TIMI 3 and Blush grade 3 in the culprit artery; T3B3 (-): patients with TIMI 3 and Blush grade &lt; 3 in the culprit artery; DM: diabetes mellitus; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; TNK: tenecteplase. Categorical variables were compared by Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, and continuous numerical variables were compared by the Student's t test for independent sample or Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Table 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Electrocardiographic parameters evaluated before and after tenecteplase (TNK) administration in patient with TIMI 3 and Blush grade 3 [T3B3 (+)] and patients with TIMI &lt; 3 and Blush grade &lt; 3 [T3B3 (-)] in the culprit artery</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Pre-TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>T3B3 (+)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>T3B3 (-)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>p-value</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>N</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>53</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>51</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">QTc (ms), m &#177; SD </td>
                <td align="center">421.56 &#177; 28.51</td>
                <td align="center">423.29 &#177; 25.77</td>
                <td align="center">0.72</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">QTcD (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                <td align="center">59 (44-82)</td>
                <td align="center">59 (43-81)</td>
                <td align="center">0.97</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Regional QTc (ms), m &#177; SD </td>
                <td align="center">418.86 &#177; 27.01</td>
                <td align="center">423.55 &#177; 30.41</td>
                <td align="center">0.38</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">Regional QTc (ms), md (IQR)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (11.5-40)</td>
                <td align="center">29 (18-50)</td>
                <td align="center">0.09</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Pre -TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>T3B3 (+)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>T3B3 (-)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>p-value</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>N</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>18</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>24</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">Regional QTcD (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                <td align="center">23 (11.75-39.25)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (18-46)</td>
                <td align="center">0.65</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Post -TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>T3B3 (+)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>T3B3 (-)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>p-value</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>N</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>53</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>51</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">QTc (ms), m &#177; DP </td>
                <td align="center">426.90 &#177; 43.98</td>
                <td align="center">431.94 &#177; 27.47</td>
                <td align="center">0.42</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">QTcD (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                <td align="center">62 (49-75)</td>
                <td align="center">66 (40-91)</td>
                <td align="center">0.62</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Regional QTc (ms), m &#177; DP </td>
                <td align="center">430.53 &#177; 44.01</td>
                <td align="center">424.14 &#177; 36.12</td>
                <td align="center">0.19</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">Regional QTcD (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                <td align="center">33 (20-59)</td>
                <td align="center">42 (19-63)</td>
                <td align="center">0.71</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Post -TNK</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>T3B3 (+)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>T3B3 (-)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>p-value</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>N</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>18</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>24</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Regional QTcD (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                <td align="center">38 (24.25-73)</td>
                <td align="center">42 (21-61)</td>
                <td align="center">0.05</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <p>Data expressed as mean and standard deviation (m &#177; SD), median and interquartile range (md and IQR). QTc: mean QT interval, corrected for heart rate in the 12 leads; QTcD: dispersion of the QTc interval in the 12 leads; regional QTc: mean regional QTc in anterior wall infarction; regional QTcD: regional QTc dispersion in anterior wall infarction. Continuous numerical variables were compared by the Student's t-test for independent samples or the Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>ROC curves for the classical electrocardiographic criterion for reperfusion (ST-segment resolution); regional dispersion of the QT interval, corrected for heart rate (QTc); and ST-segment resolution combined with regional dispersion of the QTc interval in patients with optimal reperfusion profile, i.e., TIMI flow and Blush grades 3 [T3B3 (+)]. (a) In patients with ST-resolution, the area under the ROC curve was 0.81 [(0.72-0.89); 95%CI, p &lt; 0.001) to detect TIMI flow 3 and Blush 3 [T3B3(+)]; (b) increased regional QTc dispersion 60 minutes after thrombolysis resulted in an area under the ROC curve of 0.84 [(0.73-0.95); 95%CI, p &lt; 0.001 to detect T3B3 (+), using a cutoff point of &gt; 13 ms, a 94% sensitivity and a 74% specificity were obtained; (c) increased regional QTcD associated with ST-segment resolution 60 minutes after thrombolysis resulted in an area under the ROC curve of 0.87 [(0.78-0.96); 95%CI, p &lt; 0.001 to detect T3B3 (+). Using a cutoff point of &gt; 13 ms, a 93% sensitivity and a 71% specificity were obtained. Six patients (approximately 6%) could be reclassified based only on electrocardiographic measurements. Validated by angiographic criteria of coronary reperfusion in this cohort of patients treated with pharmaco-invasive strategy.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-112-01-0020-80239-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>If we consider only patients in which the classical electrocardiographic criterion for reperfusion failed to identify coronary reperfusion, there were 18 patients with ST-segment resolution in which optimal angiographic reperfusion was not achieved (failed reperfusion by ECG), and four patients without ST-segment resolution showed TIMI grade 3 and Blush grade 3 (failed rescue). In the groups with failed reperfusion by ECG, no difference was found in regional QTcD between pre-thrombolysis and post-thrombolysis electrocardiographic analysis (p = 0.46) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>). Therefore, of the 104 patients who received TNK, we detected incorrect reperfusion in 22 cases (21%).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figure 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Behavior of the regional QT interval, corrected for heart rate, in subgroups of patients with failed reperfusion or failed rescue; data expressed as median and interquartile range (m,IQR); QTcD: dispersion of the QTc interval; TNK: tenecteplase; T3B3 (+): patients with TIMI 3 and Blush grade 3 in the culprit artery; T3B3 (-): patients with TIMI 3 and Blush grade &lt; 3 in the culprit artery; Wilcoxon test. *Failed rescue: patients without ST-segment resolution and with optimal coronary and tissue perfusion [T3B3 (+)]; &#8224;failed reperfusion: patients with ST-segment resolution, without optimal coronary and tissue perfusion [T3B3 (-)].</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-112-01-0020-80239-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>QT interval between different ECG leads and this range of intervals is considered an index of spatial dispersion of ventricular recovery, serving as a signal of repolarization heterogeneity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Many studies have shown that patients with increased QTcD (approximately &gt; 60 ms) had 2-3.4 increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Multivariate analysis of these studies showed a 34% increased cardiovascular risk for each increment of 17ms in QTbD or QTcD &gt; 60 ms in patients with diabetes mellitus without previous AMI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
			</p>
      <p>There is a QTcD variation during the first days of AMI; it increases in the first hours and decreases some days thereafter, especially following fibrinolytic therapy<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> or revascularization procedure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> A reduction in QTcD in the days following fibrinolysis shows the efficacy of the therapy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> Based on the speculation that changes in QTcD could predict reperfusion assessed 90 minutes after fibrinolysis, in a small study with 47 patients, the authors analyzed QTcD only in precordial leads and found a higher QTcD in the group that met the electrocardiographic criterion for reperfusion. However, the parameter was not predictive of angiographic reperfusion.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> One limitation of this study was the small number of patients and the analysis of QTcD in precordial leads only. Another study involving 36 patients did not show any difference in QTcD in the group with criterion for reperfusion on the first day of AMI. Interestingly, the authors observed a decrease in QTcD since the second day of thrombolysis, particularly in the group with anterior wall myocardial infarction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> Another study also reported decreased QTcD six months after AMI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Our findings indicate an increase in QTcD on ECG 60 minutes after fibrinolysis in patients with angiographic findings of complete vascular and tissue revascularization (TIMI flow and Blush grades 3), especially in anterior wall infarction. On the other hand, different from previous reports on streptokinase and alteplase,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> we used TNK, a fibrin-specific, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, which has been shown better results regarding coronary reperfusion. Besides, we included a larger number of patients compared with previous studies. Regional QTcD in anterior wall infarction significantly increased in ECG obtained 60 minutes after thrombolysis in patients with adequate reperfusion (TIMI 3 and Blush grade 3), reinforcing the idea that QTcD following AMI depends on permeability of the culprit artery, as well on dimension and localization of the ventricular wall involved.</p>
      <p>One possible mechanism for our results is based on the effect of cardiac stunning caused by reperfusion injury. Besides, there is evidence that vascular, metabolic, mitochondrial, neuronal, thermal and electric processes contribute to post-reperfusion dysfunction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref> Nevertheless, the exact mechanism, the adequate prevention of the ischemia-reperfusion lesion, and above all, the correlation of reperfusion injury with electrocardiographic findings have not been elucidated in the literature.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Considering the correlation between ECG leads and the infarcted area, it is possible to analyze the repolarization of the injured area. Calculation of the regional QTcD estimates heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization in the area at risk. Thereby, the need for a decision-making tool for fibrinolytic therapy emphasizes the importance of post-thrombolysis electrocardiographic reperfusion markers. ECG plays a crucial and more important role in PIS than in primary PCI. The identification of patients that meet reperfusion criteria and of those who should be referred for rescue PCI should be promptly and fast performed. A crucial point is the cost-benefit of the system and the delay in the ideal time between fibrinolysis and PCI. Despite the large variation in this time window in the clinical trials, a time interval of 2-24 hours after successful fibrinolysis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The classical electrocardiographic criterion for reperfusion has a sensitivity and specificity of 60% and 80%, respectively.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref> We showed that both sensitivity and specificity increased when regional QTcD was added to ST-segment resolution, suggesting that this method may help to stratify patients in a more accurate way.</p>
      <p>Analysis of subgroups did not show significant differences in regional QTcD between patients with at least 50% ST-segment resolution and inadequate flow by angiography [T3B3(-)], <italic>i.e</italic>., patients with failed reperfusion, and patients without ST-segment resolution but who showed angiographic reperfusion [T3B3 (+)].</p>
      <p>Our study showed an increase in QTcD and regional QTcD in anterior wall infarction particularly in patients T3B3(+). In agreement with a previous study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref> QTcD depends on the localization of AMI, and higher QTcD was observed in the anterior wall as compared with inferior wall acute myocardial infarction. The large area of infarction in this subgroup should have greater influence on repolarization vectors than on non-anterior wall infarction.</p>
      <p>This study indicates a possible step forward in the analysis of electrocardiographic variables, in light of current controversies of angiographic data, T3B3(-) showed worse ejection fraction and higher QTcD compared with the T3B3(+) subgroup, which may also have prognostic implications.</p>
      <p>Although QTcD is still a matter of controversy in electrocardiology,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref> some questions remain unanswered in the specialized literature. Studies on electrocardiographic variables using better estimation methods may yield interesting information in many medical scenarios.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Importance and limitations</title>
        <p>So far, there are no studies specifically examining the behavior of regional QTcD in AMI patients who underwent PIS. Therefore, our data need to be further validated and replicated in future studies. Our cohort was relatively small, although larger than in previous studies. Also, advances in the methods used for the measurement of QT interval and ventricular repolarization are still needed. The lack of standardization and systematization negatively affects the accuracy in the measurement of ST-segment and T-wave in the presence of ischemia. Finally, analysis of QTcD by ECG at late follow-up could give interesting information on QTcD behavior.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>Our study suggests that an increase in regional QTcD may detect adequate reperfusion 60 minutes after fibrinolysis, which could be a potential non-invasive method for evaluation of regional perfusion especially in anterior wall infarction.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Gabriel Dotta, from Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo under the protocol number 2.000.970. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Dispers&#227;o do Intervalo QT Regional como Preditor Precoce de Reperfus&#227;o em Pacientes com Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio P&#243;s-terapia Fibrinol&#237;tica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dotta</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco Antonio Helfenstein</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Izar</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Cristina de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Tulio de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Flavio Tocci</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pinheiro</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Fernando Muniz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Adriano Henrique Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Caixeta</surname>
            <given-names>Adriano Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>P&#243;voa</surname>
            <given-names>Rui Manoel Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6746-8327</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bianco</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Tria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Henrique Tria Bianco,</bold> Disciplina de Cardiologia-Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo - Rua Loefgren, 1350. CEP 04040-001, Vila Clementino, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. Email: <email>henriquetria@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Dotta G, P&#243;voa RMS, Bianco HT; obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Dotta G, Souza MT, Pinheiro LFM, Barbosa AHP, Carvalho AC; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Fonseca FAH, Izar MC, Moreira FT, Pinheiro LFM, Barbosa AHP, Caixeta AM, P&#243;voa RMS, Carvalho AC, Bianco HT; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Fonseca FAH, Izar MC, Bianco HT; reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Dotta G, Souza MT, Moreira FT; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Dotta G, Fonseca FAH, Izar MC, Moreira FT, P&#243;voa RMS, Carvalho AC, Bianco HT.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Pacientes com infarto do mioc&#225;rdico com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST atendidos em centros de atendimento prim&#225;rio e tratados de acordo com a estrat&#233;gia f&#225;rmaco-invasiva s&#227;o submetidos &#224; fibrin&#243;lise seguida de coronariografia em per&#237;odo de 2-24h. Neste cen&#225;rio, o conhecimento de marcadores de reperfus&#227;o como a redu&#231;&#227;o em 50% do segmento-ST &#233; fundamental.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Analisar o desempenho da dispers&#227;o do intervalo QT em adi&#231;&#227;o aos crit&#233;rios cl&#225;ssicos, como marcador precoce de reperfus&#227;o p&#243;s-terapia trombol&#237;tica.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo observacional com a inclus&#227;o de 104 pacientes tratados com tenecteplase (TNKase) e referenciados a hospital de atendimento terci&#225;rio. A an&#225;lise dos eletrocardiogramas (ECG) consistiu em mensura&#231;&#227;o do intervalo QT e sua dispers&#227;o nas 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es, e tamb&#233;m apenas na regi&#227;o com supradesnivelamento-ST antes e 60min p&#243;s-TNKase. A angiografia foi realizada em todos os pacientes com obten&#231;&#227;o do fluxo TIMI e Blush da art&#233;ria culpada. Foram considerados significantes valores de p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Observamos aumento da dispers&#227;o do intervalo QT, corrigido pela frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, regional (dQTcR) 60min p&#243;s-lise (p = 0,006) em infartos de parede anterior nos casos com fluxo TIMI 3 e Blush 3 [T3B3(+)]. Adicionando a dQTcR ao crit&#233;rio ECG (redu&#231;&#227;o do ST &gt; 50%) de reperfus&#227;o, a &#225;rea sob a curva aumentou para 0,87 [(0,78-0,96), IC95%, p &lt; 0,001] em pacientes com fluxo coron&#225;rio T3B3(+). Nos pacientes com crit&#233;rio de ECG para reperfus&#227;o e dQTcR &gt; 13 ms a sensibilidade e especificidade foram 93% e 71%, respectivamente, para reperfus&#227;o em T3B3(+), possibilitando reclassificar 6% dos pacientes com sucesso de reperfus&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Os dados sugerem a dQTcR como instrumento promissor na identifica&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o invasiva de reperfus&#227;o na art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria culpada, 60min p&#243;s-tromb&#243;lise. </p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesn&#237;vel do Segmento ST</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Reperfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarcadores</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A despeito dos avan&#231;os no tratamento, altas taxas de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) ainda s&#227;o observadas. Desta forma, a reperfus&#227;o da &#8220;coron&#225;ria culpada&#8221; tornou-se o objetivo principal da terapia nos infartos do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST (IAMCST), sendo a reperfus&#227;o precoce com a manuten&#231;&#227;o da permeabilidade arterial, respons&#225;veis pela redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade na fase aguda, bem como em m&#233;dio e longo prazo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Entretanto, quando o fluxo arterial &#233; reestabelecido, o mioc&#225;rdio permanece &#8220;atordoado&#8221; devido ao processo de inj&#250;ria-reperfus&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP) prim&#225;ria &#233; considerada padr&#227;o-ouro no tratamento do IAMCST.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Todavia, quando a ICP n&#227;o est&#225; dispon&#237;vel ou n&#227;o pode ser oferecida em tempo h&#225;bil, a estrat&#233;gia f&#225;rmaco-invasiva (EFI) &#233; alternativa de reperfus&#227;o, constitu&#237;da por fibrin&#243;lise intravenosa em centros de cuidados prim&#225;rios ou pr&#233;-hospitalar, seguida de angiografia e ICP, quando apropriada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Os crit&#233;rios cl&#225;ssicos de reperfus&#227;o incluem a redu&#231;&#227;o da intensidade ou al&#237;vio dos sintomas isqu&#234;micos e a redu&#231;&#227;o da eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST (maior que 50% na deriva&#231;&#227;o com maior eleva&#231;&#227;o), avaliada em 60 a 90 minutos ap&#243;s a fibrin&#243;lise.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Existem alguns aspectos controversos sobre o comportamento do intervalo QT corrigido pela frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (QTc) ap&#243;s o IAMCST. Alguns estudos relataram aumento desta vari&#225;vel na fase aguda e subsequente diminui&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-reperfus&#227;o, e em outros, um aumento do QTc esteve associado &#224; n&#227;o reperfus&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> A dispers&#227;o do intervalo QTc (dQTc) esteve reduzida em pacientes com IAM ap&#243;s terapia fibrinol&#237;tica bem sucedida e aumentada naqueles com art&#233;ria n&#227;o reperfundida. A redu&#231;&#227;o da dQTc p&#243;s-fibrin&#243;lise foi preditiva de reperfus&#227;o coron&#225;ria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> H&#225; evid&#234;ncias de que a recanaliza&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s um evento agudo esteja associada &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o da dQTc, como observado nos estudos TEAM-2 e TEAM-3.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Ao nosso conhecimento, n&#227;o houve nenhum estudo de dQTc ap&#243;s EFI associado &#224; perfus&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica [fluxos TIMI e Blush) p&#243;s-tromb&#243;lise com tenecteplase (TNKase).</p>
        <p>Desta forma, nosso estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento da dQTc como marcador precoce de reperfus&#227;o p&#243;s-terapia trombol&#237;tica, em adi&#231;&#227;o aos crit&#233;rios cl&#225;ssicos, em eletrocardiogramas (ECG) pr&#233; e 60 min p&#243;s-tromb&#243;lise conforme EFI. </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>Estudo observacional, com dados coletados prospectivamente. O protocolo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica local e todos os pacientes ou seus representantes legais assinaram termo de consentimento informado.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Casu&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Foram selecionados pacientes com IAMCST atendidos em unidades de pronto-atendimento no munic&#237;pio de S&#227;o Paulo, submetidos a tromb&#243;lise com TNKase, referenciados a hospital terci&#225;rio para estudo angiogr&#225;fico e que apresentaram ou n&#227;o crit&#233;rio eletrocardiogr&#225;fico de reperfus&#227;o (redu&#231;&#227;o &gt; 50% do supra-desnivelamento do segmento-ST). Foram inclu&#237;dos apenas pacientes atendidos com diagn&#243;stico de primeiro infarto e eleg&#237;veis para tratamento trombol&#237;tico em EFI, e de forma consecutiva. Iniciamos com 110 pacientes, mas seis foram exclu&#237;dos por raz&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas. Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram as contra-indica&#231;&#245;es formais para fibrin&#243;lise ou condi&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas que pudessem afetar as medidas do intervalo QT, como bloqueio de ramo, fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial ou infarto pr&#233;vio do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
          <p>Neste estudo foram inclu&#237;dos, portanto, 104 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com primeiro IAM e tratados com TNKase em centros de cuidados prim&#225;rios de sa&#250;de nas primeiras 6h de in&#237;cio de sintomas e referenciados posteriomente &#224; hospital terci&#225;rio para realiza&#231;&#227;o da coronariografia em 2-24 horas ap&#243;s fibrin&#243;lise, ou imediatamente se a terapia de resgate fosse necess&#225;ria. O funcionamento da rede IAMCST de S&#227;o Paulo foi publicada previamente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e demogr&#225;ficas da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada foram obtidas. Um ecocardiografista experiente e que desconhecia os dados cl&#237;nicos pr&#233;vios aferiu a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o ventricular no quinto dia p&#243;s-IAM de todos os pacientes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise eletrocardiogr&#225;fica</title>
          <p>A an&#225;lise eletrocardiogr&#225;fica consistiu de ECGs pr&#233; e 60 minutos p&#243;s-fibrin&#243;lise, em dispositivos certificados e calibrados, com o paciente em posi&#231;&#227;o supina. Dois observadores independentes e que desconheciam as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas dos pacientes interpretaram os ECGs. O crit&#233;rio de reperfus&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico foi definido pela redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST maior que 50% na deriva&#231;&#227;o com maior eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento, enquanto que a falha na reperfus&#227;o foi definida como redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST inferior a 50% p&#243;s 60 minutos da fibrin&#243;lise.</p>
          <p>O intervalo QT foi medido manualmente usando-se paqu&#237;metro digital em um sistema linear sem contato e com resolu&#231;&#227;o de 0,1 mm / 0,01"; precis&#227;o de &#177; 0,2 mm / 0,001" (&lt; 100 mm) e &#177; 0,03 mm / 0,01"(&gt; 100 - 200 mm) e com &#237;ndice de repetibilidade de 0,1 mm / 0,01". Os valores obtidos do intervalo QT foram convertidos em milissegundos (ms) e corrigidos para a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (QTc) pelo m&#233;todo linear de Hodges utilizando a f&#243;rmula: [QTc = QT + 1,75 (RR - 60)]. Com o prop&#243;sito de minimizar a variabilidade intra-observador, o valor do intervalo QT foi calculado pela m&#233;dia de tr&#234;s mensura&#231;&#245;es em complexos QRS consecutivos e em todas as deriva&#231;&#245;es do ECG. Para minimizar a variabilidade inter-observadores, calculou-se o coeficiente de reprodutibilidade de Kappa. O m&#233;todo da tangente foi usado para medir o QT, onde o final da onda T foi definido pelo ponto de interse&#231;&#227;o da linha tangente, desenhado no ponto de maior inclina&#231;&#227;o da por&#231;&#227;o final da onda T com a linha de base.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> Na presen&#231;a de onda U, a tangente foi desenhada pelo ponto de contato entre as ondas T e ondas U. Outro aspecto importante foi a exclus&#227;o na an&#225;lise das deriva&#231;&#245;es do ECG onde havia imprecis&#227;o em determinar algumas vari&#225;veis, notadamente a identifica&#231;&#227;o adequada do intervalo QT.</p>
          <p>A dispers&#227;o do intervalo QT foi definida como a diferen&#231;a entre o QT m&#225;ximo (QT<sub>m&#225;x</sub>) e o QT m&#237;nimo (QT<sub>m&#237;n</sub>) no ECG de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es. A dispers&#227;o regionalizada do intervalo QT (dQTcR) foi calculada como a diferen&#231;a entre QT<sub>m&#225;x</sub> e QT<sub>m&#237;n</sub> somente nas deriva&#231;&#245;es com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST. Consideramos IAM de parede anterior a eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST nas deriva&#231;&#245;es DI, aVL, V<sub>1</sub>-V<sub>3</sub>, ou V<sub>1</sub>-V<sub>6</sub>; e IAM de outras paredes como &#8220;n&#227;o anterior&#8221; para eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST nas deriva&#231;&#245;es DII, DIII, aVF, e V<sub>5</sub>-V<sub>6.</sub></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lises angiogr&#225;ficas</title>
          <p>Estudos angiogr&#225;ficos foram realizados em hospital terci&#225;rio de acordo com o protocolo de EFI descrito previamente. Dois hemodinamicistas independentes, com mais de 15 anos de experi&#234;ncia e sem informa&#231;&#245;es que pudessem influenciar o estudo angiogr&#225;fico, realizaram as an&#225;lises de fluxo em n&#237;vel epic&#225;rdico de acordo com a defini&#231;&#227;o de fluxo TIMI,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> e tamb&#233;m a an&#225;lise de microperfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica de acordo com a gradua&#231;&#227;o de Blush.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> O Blush mioc&#225;rdico - definido como a densidade de contraste na microcircula&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t12">Quadro 1</xref>) - foi analisado apenas em pacientes que apresentaram fluxo TIMI grau 3.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t12">
            <label>Quadro 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Defini&#231;&#245;es de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (microperfus&#227;o) - pela gradua&#231;&#227;o do Blush mioc&#225;rdico</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="100%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left"><bold>Grau 0 (sem microperfus&#227;o):</bold> ruboriza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica pelo contraste ausente</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left"><bold>Grau 1 (microperfus&#227;o m&#237;nima):</bold> ruboriza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica pelo contraste m&#237;nima.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left"><bold>Grau 2 (microperfus&#227;o parcial):</bold> ruboriza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica pelo contraste moderada, por&#233;m menor que a ruboriza&#231;&#227;o obtida na inje&#231;&#227;o de contraste de uma art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria contralateral ou ipsilateral sem rela&#231;&#227;o com o infarto.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left"><bold>Grau 3 (microperfus&#227;o completa):</bold> ruboriza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica pelo contraste normal, compar&#225;vel com a ruboriza&#231;&#227;o obtida na inje&#231;&#227;o de contraste de uma art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria contralateral ou ipsilateral sem rela&#231;&#227;o com o infarto.</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN12">
                <p>Adaptado de van 't Hof et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
								</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Os dados num&#233;ricos foram expressos como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o (DP) para vari&#225;veis com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal, ou como medianas e intervalo interquartil (md e IIQ) para vari&#225;veis quantitativas com distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o Gaussiana. Para avalia&#231;&#227;o de normalidade foram utilizados testes como o Shapiro-Wilk e o Kolmogorov-Smirnov, sendo verificadas tamb&#233;m a curtose e a assimetria. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram expressas como n&#250;mero (n) e porcentagem (%) e comparadas pelo teste de do qui-quadrado de Pearson, ou teste exato de Fisher, quando apropriado. Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram comparadas entre grupos por teste <italic>t</italic> de Student para amostras independentes, ou teste de Mann-Whitney, conforme apropriado. Compara&#231;&#245;es intra-grupo foram feitas pelo teste <italic>t</italic> para amostras relacionadas, ou teste de Wilcoxon. Todos os testes foram bicaudais e um p &lt; 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. Curvas ROC (<italic>receiver operating characteristic curve</italic>), baseadas na estat&#237;stica C, foram constru&#237;das para determinar o melhor ponto de corte para algumas vari&#225;veis e da observ&#226;cia das &#225;reas sob a curva. Todos os testes foram realizados utilizando-se o programa <italic>Statistical Package for Social Sciences</italic> (SPSS)<sup>&#174;</sup> vers&#227;o 17.0, da SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, EUA.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o no per&#237;odo basal</title>
          <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos 104 pacientes atendidos em unidades de aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria, com o diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico e eletrocardiogr&#225;fico de IAMCST, que receberam tratamento com agente fibrinol&#237;tico (TNKase) e posterior angiografia coron&#225;ria em 2-24 horas. As principais caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas desses pacientes s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 1</xref>. O intervalo de idade variou de 35 a 74 anos, com maior preval&#234;ncia do sexo masculino. O tempo entre o in&#237;cio dos sintomas e o in&#237;cio da terapia trombol&#237;tica foi 180 minutos (120-240 minutos) (med e IIQ).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t7">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e epidemiol&#243;gicas dos pacientes (n = 104) no per&#237;odo basal</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Idade (anos)</th>
                  <th align="center">Homens n (%)</th>
                  <th align="center">DM2 n (%)</th>
                  <th align="center">HAS n (%)</th>
                  <th align="center">Dislipidemia n (%)</th>
                  <th align="center">Tabagistas n (%)</th>
                  <th align="center">In&#237;cio dos sintomas (min), m &#177; DP</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">55,6 &#177; 8,78</td>
                  <td align="center">66 (62,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (20)</td>
                  <td align="center">60 (57,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">36 (34,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (48,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">192,16 &#177; 94,35</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN7">
                <p>Dados expressos como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o (m &#177; DP), ou n&#250;mero e porcentagem n (%), DM2: diabetes mellitus tipo 2; HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Localiza&#231;&#227;o do infarto</title>
          <p>IAM foi classificado de acordo com a parede ventricular afetada. Para simplificar a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica, foram agrupados como parede anterior (n = 42) e infartos de parede n&#227;o anterior (n = 62).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o do QTc e da dQTc segundo crit&#233;rio de reperfus&#227;o pelo ECG</title>
          <p>A partir de uma amostra de 104 pacientes, 67 (64%) apresentaram crit&#233;rio de reperfus&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico. Dois observadores independentes analisaram os tra&#231;ados eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos, com um coeficiente de concord&#226;ncia Kappa de 0,84. Os pacientes foram categorizados em dois grupos: aqueles com sinais de reperfus&#227;o e aqueles sem sinais, considerando apenas a redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST em pelo menos 50%. Valores do QTc e da dQTc pr&#233; e p&#243;s-fibrin&#243;lise s&#227;o mostrados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 2</xref>. O intervalo QTc e a dQTc nas 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o diferiram entre os grupos. A dQTcR aumentou nos pacientes com crit&#233;rio de reperfus&#227;o pelo ECG. Quando analisado pela parede ventricular afetada, observou-se um aumento significativo na dQTcR em infartos de parede anterior com crit&#233;rio de reperfus&#227;o (p = 0,023) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t9">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t8">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Comportamento do intervalo QT corrigido pela frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (QTc), da dispers&#227;o do QTc (dQTc) nas 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es, e somente nas deriva&#231;&#245;es com supradesnivelamento de ST (dQTc regional) entre os grupos com e sem crit&#233;rio eletrocardiogr&#225;fico de reperfus&#227;o</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                  <th align="center">Com redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST (n = 67)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                  <th align="center">Sem redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST (n = 37)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="4">QTc (ms), m &#177; DP</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,25</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-</bold>
                    <bold>TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,06</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">423,79 &#177; 27,89</td>
                  <td align="center">416,10 &#177; 26,17</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-</bold>
                    <bold>TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">429,02 &#177; 44,60</td>
                  <td align="center">424,86 &#177; 24,12</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="4">dQTc (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-</bold>
                    <bold>TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,28</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,29</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">59,0 (45-84)</td>
                  <td align="center">61 (42-73,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">63,0 (47-76)</td>
                  <td align="center">64 (44,5-90)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="4">QTcR (ms), &#177; DP</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,12</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,24</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">420,30 &#177; 26,27</td>
                  <td align="center">420,00 &#177; 30,67</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">430,00 &#177; 45,70</td>
                  <td align="center">423,89 &#177; 31,95</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="4">dQTcR (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,01</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,13</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">28 (16-44)</td>
                  <td align="center">11,5 (23-44)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">33 &#177; (20-59)</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (20-64)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN8">
                <p>Dados expressos como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o (m &#177; DP); mediana e intervalo interquartil, md (IIQ); QTcR: QTc regional, ou seja, QTc na regi&#227;o do infarto (deriva&#231;&#245;es com supra de ST); dQTcR: dispers&#227;o do intervalo QTc regional (deriva&#231;&#245;es com supra de ST); TNKase: tenecteplase. Teste t de Student para amostras relacionadas, ou teste de Wilcoxon, conforme apropriado.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <table-wrap id="t9">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Comportamento do intervalo QT regional, corrigido pela frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (QTcR), e da dispers&#227;o do QTcR em infartos de parede anterior, entre os grupos com e sem redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST, e grupos com e sem TIMI 3 e Blush 3 (n = 42)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">Com redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST n = 23</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                  <th align="center">Sem redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST n =19</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="4">QTcR (ms), m &#177; DP</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,35</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,17</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">428,54 &#177; 28,24</td>
                  <td align="center">419,56 &#177; 28,44</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">429,75 &#177; 42,59</td>
                  <td align="center">424,26 &#177; 30,55</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="4">dQTcR (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,023</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,07</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">28 (17,5-51,25)</td>
                  <td align="center">21,5 (9,5-39,25)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">40 (30-66,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">38,5 (17,5-59)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;border-top-width:thin;border-top-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>T3B3 (+) n = 18</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Valor de p</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>T3B3 (-) n = 24</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Valor de p</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="4">QTcR (ms), m &#177; DP</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,26</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,70</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">425,53 &#177; 28,24</td>
                  <td align="center">421,66 &#177; 28,44</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">439,88 &#177; 42,59</td>
                  <td align="center">417,62 &#177; 30,55</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="4">dQTcR (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,006</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,07</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">23 (15,75-39,25)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (18-46)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>P&#243;s-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">38 (24,25-73,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (21-61)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN9">
                <p>Dados s&#227;o expressos como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o (m &#177; DP); mediana e intervalo interquartil, md (IIQ); QTcR: m&#233;dia do intervalo QTc regional (parede anterior); dQTcR: dispers&#227;o do intervalo QTc regional (parede anterior); TNKase: tenecteplase; T3B3 (+): TIMI fluxo 3 e Blush 3; T3B3 (-): TIMI fluxo &lt; 3 e Blush &lt; 3. Teste t de Student para amostras relacionadas, ou teste de Wilcoxon, conforme apropriado.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o da dQTc segundo dados da angiografia</title>
          <p>Os pacientes foram categorizados de acordo com os escores TIMI e Blush em dois grupos. Pacientes com reperfus&#227;o &#243;tima, isto &#233;, fluxo TIMI grau 3 e Blush 3 chamado grupo T3B3 (+); e aqueles com n&#237;vel TIMI &lt; 3 e Blush &lt; 3 chamado grupo T3B3 (-). A dQTcR para infartos de parede anterior aumentou no grupo com T3B3 (+) na angiografia (p = 0,006), mas n&#227;o nos infartos da parede n&#227;o anterior (p = 0,77). Para descartar a possibilidade de vi&#233;s de aferi&#231;&#227;o em IAM n&#227;o anteriores, a dQTcR das deriva&#231;&#245;es unipolares no ECG (V<sub>1</sub>-V<sub>6</sub>) foi comparada com a dQTcR nas deriva&#231;&#245;es bipolares e n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as significativas desta vari&#225;vel.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o do fluxo coron&#225;rio de acordo com fluxos TIMI/Blush</title>
          <p>A distribui&#231;&#227;o de fluxo da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria culpada de acordo com os escores TIMI de grau 0, 1, 2 e 3 foi de: 20,2%; 7,7%; 13,5% e 58,7%, respectivamente. Na (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1</xref>), podemos observar: (a) a distribui&#231;&#227;o porcentual dos pacientes de acordo com a classifica&#231;&#227;o de TIMI fluxo associado ao crit&#233;rio eletrocardiogr&#225;fico de reperfus&#227;o (redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST); (b) distribui&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes, em frequ&#234;ncia absoluta, segundo escores de TIMI e Blush (T3B3) e crit&#233;rio eletrocardiogr&#225;fico de regress&#227;o do segmento-ST. Poucos pacientes com fluxo TIMI 3 n&#227;o apresentaram microperfus&#227;o adequada com base no escore de Blush mioc&#225;rdio. A distribui&#231;&#227;o do Blush mioc&#225;rdico 0, 1, 2 e 3 foi respectivamente: 4,9%; 3,3%; 4,9% e 86,9%, em pacientes com fluxo TIMI 3.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes com base no crit&#233;rio de reperfus&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fica cl&#225;ssico (regress&#227;o do supra-ST) e no perfil angiogr&#225;fico do fluxo TIMI na art&#233;ria culpada (1a) ou no padr&#227;o de perfus&#227;o (fluxo TIMI e Blush escore); T3B3 (+): pacientes com TIMI 3 e Blush 3; e T3B3 (-): pacientes com TIMI &lt; 3 e Blush &lt; 3 na art&#233;ria culpada (1b).</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-112-01-0020-80239-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>Na predi&#231;&#227;o da reperfus&#227;o coron&#225;ria ideal [T3B3 (+)], o crit&#233;rio de reperfus&#227;o pelo ECG com an&#225;lise da dQTc mostrou valor preditivo positivo de 73%, valor preditivo negativo de 89%, sensibilidade de 93% e especificidade de 71%. As caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas basais dos pacientes de acordo com os fluxos TIMI/Blush n&#227;o foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos T3B3 (+) e T3B3 (-), com exce&#231;&#227;o da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda que estava menor no grupo T3B3 (-) [(52,6 &#177; 9,8 <italic>vs</italic> 47,8 &#177; 8,5; p = 0,009)] (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Tabela 4</xref>). As medidas dos ECGs foram semelhantes entre os ECGs pr&#233; e p&#243;s-fibrin&#243;lise (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t11">Tabela 5</xref>). As curvas ROC foram constru&#237;das para analisar a capacidade de estratifica&#231;&#227;o da dQTcR e determinar o melhor ponto de corte, como mostrado na (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t10">
            <label>Tabela 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas entre os grupos com ou sem crit&#233;rios angiogr&#225;ficos de adequada reperfus&#227;o, de acordo com fluxo TIMI e escore Blush</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="25%"/>
                <col width="25%"/>
                <col width="25%"/>
                <col width="25%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">T3B3 (+)</th>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">T3B3 (-)</th>
                  <th align="center" rowspan="2">Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">n = 53</th>
                  <th align="center">n = 51</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Idade (anos): md (IQR)</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (47-63)</td>
                  <td align="center">56 (52-62)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,51</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">G&#234;nero masculino: n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">28 (52,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">38 (74,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,02</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">DM2*: n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (15,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (25,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,19</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o: n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (50,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">33 (64,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,16</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Dislipidemia: n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (28,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (41,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,17</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tabagistas, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (45,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (53)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,43</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo para o in&#237;cio do TNKase, (min): md -IIQ</td>
                  <td align="center">185 (137-257)</td>
                  <td align="center">138 (110-240)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,18</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo &lt;180, (min), n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">32 (60)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (43)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,12</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o, (%), m &#177; DP</td>
                  <td align="center">52,6 &#177; 9,8</td>
                  <td align="center">47,8 &#177; 8,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,009</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IAM anterior, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (34)</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (47)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,17</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IAM "n&#227;o anterior", n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (66)</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (53)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,17</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN10">
                <p>Os dados s&#227;o expressos como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o (m &#177; DP), mediana e intervalo interquartil (md - IIQ), n&#250;mero e porcentagem, n (%); T3B3 (+): grupo com art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria culpada com fluxo TIMI 3 e Blush 3; T3B3 (-): grupo com art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria culpada com fluxo TIMI &lt; 3 ou Blush &lt; 3 ; DM2*: diabetes mellitus Tipo 2; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; TNKase: tenecteplase. Vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram comparadas entre os grupos pelo teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson, ou teste exato de Fisher e as vari&#225;veis num&#233;ricas cont&#237;nuas comparadas pelo teste t de Student para amostras independentes, ou teste de Mann-Whitney, conforme apropriado.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <table-wrap id="t11">
            <label>Tabela 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Vari&#225;veis eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas medidas antes e ap&#243;s administra&#231;&#227;o de tenecteplase (TNKase) nos pacientes com TIMI 3 e Blush 3 [T3B3 (+)] e TIMI &lt;3 e Blush &lt; 3 [T3B3 (-)] na art&#233;ria culpada</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="25%"/>
                <col width="25%"/>
                <col width="25%"/>
                <col width="25%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Pr&#233;-TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>T3B3 (+)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>T3B3 (-)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Valor de p</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>N</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>53</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>51</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">QTc (ms), m &#177; DP </td>
                  <td align="center">421,56 &#177; 28,51</td>
                  <td align="center">423,29 &#177; 25,77</td>
                  <td align="center">0,72</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">dQTc (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">59 (44-82)</td>
                  <td align="center">59 (43-81)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,97</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">QTcR (ms), m &#177; DP </td>
                  <td align="center">418,86 &#177; 27,01</td>
                  <td align="center">423,55 &#177; 30,41</td>
                  <td align="center">0,38</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">dQTcR (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (11,5-40)</td>
                  <td align="center">29 (18-50)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,09</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Pr&#233; - TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>T3B3 (+)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>T3B3 (-)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Valor de p</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>N</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>18</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>24</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">dQTcR anterior (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (11,75-39,25)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (18-46)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,65</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>P&#243;s -TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>T3B3 (+)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>T3B3 (-)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Valor de p</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>N</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>53</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>51</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">QTc (ms), m &#177; DP </td>
                  <td align="center">426,90 &#177; 43,98</td>
                  <td align="center">431,94 &#177; 27,47</td>
                  <td align="center">0,42</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">dQTc (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">62 (49-75)</td>
                  <td align="center">66 (40-91)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,62</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">QTcR (ms), m &#177; DP </td>
                  <td align="center">430,53 &#177; 44,01</td>
                  <td align="center">424,14 &#177; 36,12</td>
                  <td align="center">0,19</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">dQTcR (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">33 (20-59)</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (19-63)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,71</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>P&#243;s -TNKase</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>T3B3 (+)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>T3B3 (-)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Valor de p</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>N</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>18</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>24</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">dQTcR anterior (ms), md (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">38 (24,25-73)</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (21-61)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,05</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFNXX">
                <p>Os dados s&#227;o expressos como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o (m &#177; DP), mediana e intervalo interquartil (md - IIQ).QTc: m&#233;dia do intervalo QT, corrigido pela frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, nas 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es; dQTc: dispers&#227;o do intervalo QTc nas 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es; QTcR: m&#233;dia do intervalo QTc regional em infartos de parede anterior; dQTcR: dispers&#227;o do intervalo QTc regional em infartos de parede anterior. Vari&#225;veis num&#233;ricas cont&#237;nuas, comparadas pelo teste t de Student para amostras independentes, ou teste de Mann-Whitney, conforme apropriado.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>
            <fig id="f5">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Curvas ROC para o crit&#233;rio eletrocardiogr&#225;fico cl&#225;ssico (redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST), dispers&#227;o regional do intervalo QT corrigido pela frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (QTc), e associa&#231;&#227;o do crit&#233;rio de redu&#231;&#227;o ST com dispers&#227;o regional do intervalo QTc em pacientes com padr&#227;o &#243;timo de reperfus&#227;o [T3B3 (+)]. A) nos pacientes com crit&#233;rio cl&#225;ssico de reperfus&#227;o pelo ECG obteve-se &#225;rea sob a curva de 0,81 [(0,72-0,89); IC 95%, p &lt; 0,001) para detectar o fluxo TIMI grau 3 e Blush 3 [T3B3 (+)]; B) o aumento da dQTcR 60 minutos p&#243;s-lise mostrou &#225;rea sob a curva de 0,84 [(0,73-0,95); IC 95%, p &lt; 0,001 para detectar T3B3 (+). Assumindo um ponto de corte da dQTcR &gt; 13 ms obteve-se sensibilidade de 94% e especificidade de 74%; C) a dQTcR aumentada associada ao crit&#233;rio cl&#225;ssico de reperfus&#227;o de ECG 60 minutos p&#243;s-lise mostrou &#225;rea sob a curva de 0,87 [(0,78-0,96); IC 95%, p &lt; 0,001 para detectar T3B3 (+). Com o ponto de corte para dQTcR &gt; 13 ms, a sensibilidade foi de 93% e a especificidade de 71%. Foi poss&#237;vel reclassificar seis pacientes (aproximadamente 6%) pelos dados derivados apenas do ECG, validados por crit&#233;rios angiogr&#225;ficos de reperfus&#227;o coron&#225;ria nesta coorte tratada pela estrat&#233;gia f&#225;rmaco-invasiva.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-112-01-0020-80239-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>Considerando-se apenas os pacientes em que o crit&#233;rio cl&#225;ssico de reperfus&#227;o pelo ECG falhou em distinguir a reperfus&#227;o coron&#225;ria, houve 18 pacientes com diminui&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST que n&#227;o alcan&#231;aram reperfus&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica ideal (reperfus&#227;o falsa por ECG), e quatro pacientes sem diminui&#231;&#227;o do ST tiveram fluxo TIMI de grau 3 e Blush 3 (falso resgate). No grupo de falsa reperfus&#227;o pelo ECG, n&#227;o observamos diferen&#231;a na dQTcR entre ECG pr&#233; e p&#243;s-lise (p = 0,46), como mostrado na (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3</xref>). Desta forma, de 104 casos p&#243;s-tromb&#243;lise com TNKase, observamos dados de reperfus&#227;o incorreta pelo ECG em 22 casos (21%).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f6">
              <label>Figura 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Comportamento da dQTcR em subgrupos de pacientes com falsa reperfus&#227;o ou falso resgate; dados expressos com mediana e intervalo interquartil (m - IIQ); dQTcR: dispers&#227;o do intervalo QTc regional; TNK: tenecteplase; T3B3 (+): grupo com art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria culpada com TIMI 3 e Blush 3; T3B3 (-): grupo com art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria culpada com TIMI &lt;3 ou Blush &lt;3. Utilizado teste de Wilcoxon. *Falso resgate: pacientes sem redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST e com fluxo coron&#225;rio e tecidual &#243;timos [T3B3 (+)]; &#8224;Falsa reperfus&#227;o: pacientes com redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST e sem fluxo coron&#225;rio e tecidual &#243;timos [T3B3 (-)]</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-112-01-0020-80239-gf03-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>O intervalo QT varia entre as deriva&#231;&#245;es do ECG e tem sido considerado um &#237;ndice de dispers&#227;o espacial da recupera&#231;&#227;o ventricular sinalizando, desta forma, a heterogeneidade da repolariza&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> V&#225;rios estudos mostraram que os pacientes com a dQTc aumentada (aproximadamente &gt; 60 ms) tinham 2 a 3,4 vezes maior risco de mortalidade cardiovascular. Em an&#225;lise multivariada desses estudos, houve 34% de aumento do risco cardiovascular a cada 17 ms de incremento na dQTc, ou quando superior a 60 ms em pacientes com diabetes com ou sem IAM pr&#233;vio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A dQTc varia durante os primeiros dias do IAM. A dQTc aumenta nas primeiras horas e reduz dias depois, sobretudo ap&#243;s tratamento fibrinol&#237;tico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> ou procedimento de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> A redu&#231;&#227;o da dQTc nos dias seguintes &#224; fibrin&#243;lise demonstra a efic&#225;cia da terapia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> Diante da especula&#231;&#227;o de que as altera&#231;&#245;es da dQTc poderiam prever a reperfus&#227;o 90 minutos p&#243;s fibrin&#243;lise, um pequeno estudo com 47 pacientes registrou a dispers&#227;o apenas nas deriva&#231;&#245;es precordiais e encontrou uma dQTc maior no grupo com crit&#233;rio de reperfus&#227;o pelo ECG. No entanto, dQTc n&#227;o foi preditiva de reperfus&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> Uma limita&#231;&#227;o deste estudo foi o pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes e a an&#225;lise da dQTc apenas nas deriva&#231;&#245;es precordiais. Outra an&#225;lise com 36 pacientes n&#227;o mostrou diferen&#231;a da dQTc no grupo com crit&#233;rio de reperfus&#227;o pelo ECG no primeiro dia do IAM. Curiosamente, notou-se uma diminui&#231;&#227;o da dQTc a partir do segundo dia p&#243;s-tromb&#243;lise, particularmente no grupo de infarto de parede anterior.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> Uma an&#225;lise de seis meses ap&#243;s o IAM tamb&#233;m encontrou uma diminui&#231;&#227;o na dQTc.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nossos achados indicam um aumento na dQTc no ECG 60 min p&#243;s-fibrin&#243;lise em pacientes com achados angiogr&#225;ficos de recanaliza&#231;&#227;o vascular e tecidual completa (fluxo TIMI 3 e Blush 3), especialmente em infartos de parede anterior. Por conseguinte, novas considera&#231;&#245;es devem ser feitas. De forma diferente de estudos anteriores com estreptoquinase e alteplase,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> nosso estudo usou TNKase, ativador recombinante do plasminog&#234;nio, espec&#237;fico para fibrina e com melhores resultados de reperfus&#227;o coron&#225;riana. Al&#233;m disso, inclu&#237;mos um n&#250;mero maior de pacientes do que em estudos pr&#233;vios. A dQTcR nos infartos da parede anterior aumentou significativamente no ECG obtido 60 min p&#243;s-lise nos pacientes com reperfus&#227;o adequada (TIMI 3 e Blush 3), enfatizando a teoria de que a dQTc ap&#243;s IAM depende de permeabilidade da coron&#225;ria culpada, bem como da dimens&#227;o e localiza&#231;&#227;o da parede ventricular acometida.</p>
        <p>Um poss&#237;vel mecanismo para explicar nossos achados &#233; baseado nos efeitos do atordoamento card&#237;aco causado pela inj&#250;ria de reperfus&#227;o. Al&#233;m disso, existem evid&#234;ncias de processos vasculares, metab&#243;licos, mitocondriais, neuronais, t&#233;rmicos e el&#233;tricos que contribuem para a disfun&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-reperfus&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref> No entanto, o mecanismo exato, a preven&#231;&#227;o adequada da les&#227;o de isquemia-reperfus&#227;o e, acima de tudo, a correla&#231;&#227;o com os achados eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos ainda n&#227;o est&#227;o claros na literatura cient&#237;fica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Diante da correla&#231;&#227;o entre as deriva&#231;&#245;es ECG e a &#225;rea infartada, &#233; poss&#237;vel analisar o padr&#227;o de repolariza&#231;&#227;o unicamente na &#225;rea lesada. O c&#225;lculo da dQTcR estima a heterogeneidade da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular na &#225;rea em risco. Desta forma, a necessidade de uma ferramenta de decis&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o ao sucesso da terapia fibrinol&#237;tica enfatiza a relev&#226;ncia dos marcadores de reperfus&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos p&#243;s-lise. O ECG tem papel crucial e muito mais importante no cen&#225;rio da EFI do que na ICP prim&#225;ria. A decis&#227;o de classificar qual paciente atende aos crit&#233;rios de reperfus&#227;o ou qual deveria ser encaminhado para ICP de resgate deve ser feita rapidamente e em curto per&#237;odo de tempo. Uma quest&#227;o fundamental &#233; o custo-benef&#237;cio do sistema e o atraso de tempo ideal entre fibrin&#243;lise e ICP. Apesar da grande varia&#231;&#227;o desta janela de tempo nos ensaios cl&#237;nicos, recomenda-se um intervalo de tempo de 2-24h p&#243;s-fibrin&#243;lise bem sucedida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O crit&#233;rio eletrocardiogr&#225;fico cl&#225;ssico de reperfus&#227;o tem sensibilidade e especificidade, respectivamente, em torno de 60% e 80%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref> Nosso estudo revelou um ganho de sensibilidade e especificidade quando adicionamos a dQTcR &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST, o que mostra uma poss&#237;vel utilidade do m&#233;todo para estratificar os pacientes de forma mais acurada.</p>
        <p>Analisando subgrupos de pacientes que tiveram pelo menos 50% de redu&#231;&#227;o da eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST e com o estudo angiogr&#225;fico evidenciando fluxo n&#227;o adequado [T3B3 (-)], isto &#233;, os pacientes com falsa reperfus&#227;o; e os que n&#227;o reduziram a eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST, mas demonstraram reperfus&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica [T3B3 (+)], ou seja, os falsos resgates, n&#227;o encontramos diferen&#231;a significativa na dQTcR.</p>
        <p>Nosso estudo evidenciou aumento de dQTc e dQTcR em infartos de parede anterior, especialmente em pacientes T3B3(+). Conforme demonstrado em outro estudo, a dQTc depende da localiza&#231;&#227;o do IAM e maiores dispers&#245;es foram observadas na parede anterior em compara&#231;&#227;o com IAM de parede inferior.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref> A grande &#225;rea de infarto nesse subgrupo deve ter maior influ&#234;ncia nos vetores de repolariza&#231;&#227;o do que nos infartos da parede n&#227;o anterior.</p>
        <p>Este estudo indica uma possibilidade de evolu&#231;&#227;o na an&#225;lise das vari&#225;veis eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas, dada a exist&#234;ncia de casos discrepantes com a angiografia. O grupo T3B3(-) apresentou pior fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o e dQTc aumentada em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo T3B3(+); esse achado tamb&#233;m pode ter implica&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas.</p>
        <p>Embora a dQTc ainda seja um assunto controverso em eletrocardiologia,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref> ainda restam quest&#245;es n&#227;o esclarecidas na literatura especializada. O estudo do comportamento de vari&#225;veis eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas com melhores m&#233;todos de medi&#231;&#227;o pode trazer informa&#231;&#245;es interessantes em v&#225;rios cen&#225;rios cl&#237;nicos.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Relev&#226;ncia e limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
          <p>At&#233; o presente momento, n&#227;o h&#225; estudos publicados direcionados especificamente ao comportamento da dQTcR no IAM submetido &#224; EFI. Portanto, nossos dados precisam de valida&#231;&#227;o e replica&#231;&#227;o em outros estudos. Nossa coorte de pacientes foi relativamente pequena, embora maior do que estudos anteriormente publicados. Ainda &#233; necess&#225;rio avan&#231;ar na metodologia de medi&#231;&#227;o do intervalo QT e da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular. A falta de padroniza&#231;&#227;o e sistematiza&#231;&#227;o na aferi&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST e onda T na presen&#231;a de isquemia prejudica a precis&#227;o, especialmente no final da onda T. A an&#225;lise da dQTc nos ECG de seguimento tardio poderia trazer informa&#231;&#245;es interessantes sobre o comportamento desta vari&#225;vel.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>Nosso estudo sugere que o aumento da dQTcR parece identificar reperfus&#227;o adequada 60 minutos ap&#243;s a fibrin&#243;lise, tornando-se um potencial m&#233;todo n&#227;o invasivo para a avalia&#231;&#227;o de perfus&#227;o regional especialmente nos infartos da parede anterior.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Gabriel Dotta pela Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 2.000.970. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
