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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">jJF5tw4HXwTRn5569Gp8QpG</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001800841</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2018005013108</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180169</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Validation of the Brazilian-Portuguese Version of a Short Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge in Cardiovascular Disease Patients (CADE-Q SV)</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ghisi</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Lima de Melo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chaves</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela S. S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Loures</surname>
            <given-names>Jessica Blanco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bonfim</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Britto</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">University Health Network</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Toronto Rehabilitation Institute</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Toronto</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="CA">Canada</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto - Canada</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Belo Horizonte</city>
          <state>MG</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Gabriela Lima de Melo Ghisi,</bold> 347 Rumsey Road Toronto ON M6S 5B7 - Toronto E-mail: <email>gabriela.meloghisi@uhn.ca</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Ghisi GLM, Chaves GSS, Britto R; Acquisition of data: Loures JB, Bonfim GM; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Ghisi GLM, Chaves GSS, Loures JB, Bonfim GM, Britto R; Statistical analysis and Writing of the manuscript: Ghisi GLM, Chaves GSS; Obtaining financing: Britto R; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Ghisi G, Chaves GSS, Loures JB, Bonfim GM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>21</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>841</fpage>
      <lpage>849</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Patient education is an essential part of cardiovascular patients' care targeting self-management behavior to reduce risk factors and subsequent events. Herein, a short and reliable tool to assess patients' knowledge in Brazil is warranted.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To translate, culturally-adapt and psychometrically validate the Portuguese version of the Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire Short Version (CADE-Q SV).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>The Portuguese CADE-Q SV - translated and culturally-adapted - was reviewed by five bilingual experts in cardiovascular disease. This version was then pre-tested in 21 patients, and clarity of items was checked using a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 = not clear to 10 = very clear. It was then psychometrically tested in 200 cardiovascular patients (41%women; mean age = 58.4 &#177; 11.6 years old). The internal consistency was assessed using Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) and Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis, and construct validity regarding educational level, family income, and time of diagnosis.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>All questions were considered clear by patients (clarity range:7.8-9.6). KR-20 was 0.70. All ICC values were &gt; 0.70. Factor analysis revealed 6 factors, all internally consistent. Construct validity was supported by significant differences in total scores by educational level and family income (p &lt; 0.001). The overall mean was 13.08 &#177; 2.61. The area with the highest knowledge was risk factors and the lowest was psychosocial risk.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>The Portuguese CADE-SV was demonstrated to have good validity and reliability. This tool can be applicable in clinical and research settings, assessing cardiovascular patients' knowledge as part of an education programming.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Surveys and Questionnaires</kwd>
        <kwd>Patient Education as Topic</kwd>
        <kwd>Knowledge</kwd>
        <kwd>Educational Status</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading burdens of disease and disability worldwide,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Brazil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an outpatient secondary prevention care model designed to mitigate this burden.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Indeed, participation in CR has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality by 20%, in a cost-effective manner.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Improved risk factor control, psychosocial well-being, and health behaviors are also shown in LMICs with CR participation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> However, there are incredibly few studies in this setting showing the long-term success of CR, which rests in part on the patient's ability to maintain health behaviors, including participation in regular physical activity after the end of the program.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Patient education is an essential part of the rehabilitation of CAD patients targeting self-management behavior to reduce risk factors and subsequent cardiac events.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>The American and Canadian Cardiovascular Societies include patient education as a quality indicator of CR,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> and this component is also recommended in the delivery of CR in LMICs.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>Indeed, meta-analyses of education for cardiovascular patients suggest it is associated with improvements in self-management behaviors,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> health-related quality of life,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> decreases in healthcare costs,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>and recurrence of acute events.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In this context, the Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (CADE-Q) was previously developed and psychometrically validated as a valid and reliable tool to inform Brazilian healthcare providers oft what their cardiovascular patients know about their condition.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>It was later validated to English.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> It has also been used in several studies, including randomized controlled trials.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Although both versions demonstrated good reliability and validity, CADE-Q presented lack of detailed assessment of all core components of cardiac rehabilitation, such as nutrition and psychosocial risk. Therefore, a second version (CADE-Q II) was developed and validated in English.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> However, both tools take around 20 minutes to be completed, and there was a need for a short and quick instrument to more easily assess CR patients' knowledge in clinical practice. This tool was validated in English and it is called CADE-Q SV.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>The aim of this study was to translate, culturally-adapt and psychometrically validate a Brazilian-Portuguese version of CADE-Q SV.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Design and Procedures</title>
        <p>The design of this study consisted of a series of cross-sectional, observational studies. Data was collected between September 2017 and February 2018.</p>
        <p>First, the translation and cultural adaptation was performed. This process followed strict norms approved by the author and co-authors and was based on the protocol proposed by Guillemin et al:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> (1) initial translation, (2) back-translation, (3) committee review of those translations and back-translations, and (4) pre-testing for equivalence using bilingual individuals. The initial translation was performed by an independent translator, aware of the objectives and concepts underlying the study and sought to detect ambiguities and unexpected meanings in the original items. The back-translation was performed by a second translator, blinded to the initial objectives of the study and the original version. All versions were reviewed by a committee of three bilingual experts. This version was then pre-tested in 20 patients and clarity of items was checked. To assess clarity, patients were asked to rate each item on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (not clear) to 10 (very clear). Results were used to refine the Brazilian-Portuguese version of CADE-Q SV.</p>
        <p>Second, a psychometric validation was performed. The refined tool was administered to a larger sample of current cardiovascular ambulatory patients from a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. The instrument was applied through monitored self-administration (i.e. researchers maintained a neutral stance during the administration, answering questions about the research and encouraging participants to answer all questions). The questionnaire was re-administered one month after the first application in 21 randomly selected participants to assess test-retest reliability. Data were collected between June and November 2017.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Participants</title>
        <p>For the psychometric validation, a convenience sample of 200 ambulatory cardiovascular patients was recruited. The sample size calculation for this analysis was based on Hair &amp;Anderson's<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>recommendation of 10 subjects per item. Since CADE-Q SV has 20 items, a sample size of 200 is considered valid. The inclusion criteria were the following: confirmed cardiac diagnosis or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The exclusion criteria were the following: younger than 18 years old, illiterate, any significant visual, cognitive or mental impairment which precludes the participant's ability to answer the questionnaire.</p>
        <p>CR participants were characterized according to gender, age, educational level, family income, comorbidities, clinical risk factors, and history and duration of participation in CR. The participant's clinical characteristics were obtained from the medical chart, and socio-demographic characteristics were self-reported.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Measure: The CADE-Q SV scale</title>
        <p>CADE-Q SV assesses cardiovascular patients' knowledge about their condition. It was designed to be a true/false/I don't know questionnaire, with 20 items, four in each domain as follows: medical condition, risk factors, exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial risk. Each correct answer equals to one point; therefore, the maximum score possible is 20 overall, four by domain, and one per item. The tool has been developed in English and psychometrically tested in Canadian CR participants.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>This tool can be used to tailor any type of educational intervention addressed to cardiovascular patients, not only in CR programs.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>SPSS Version 24.0 was used.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> The level of significance for all tests was set at 0.05. Psychometric properties were tested as per the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) taxonomy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>First, internal consistency was assessed by the Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) overall, and by Cronbach's alpha of each factor (based on factor structure, described below). For this analysis, values equal to, or higher than 0.70 were considered acceptable,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> reflecting the internal correlation between items of the same area.</p>
        <p>Second, factor structure was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. The main component method for factor extraction was used with consideration being given only to those with eigen values &gt; 1.0. After the selection of the factors, a correlation matrix was generated, whereby the associations between items and factors were observed through factor loadings greater than 0.40 on only one factor.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> The varimax method with Kaiser normalization was used to interpret the matrix.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Third, test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). ICC values lower than 0.70<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> were considered bad items. Finally, criterion validity was also assessed by comparing CADE-Q SV total scores with the participant's level of education, family monthly income and time of diagnosis, using independent sample t-tests and Pearson's correlation. Item completion rates were also described.</p>
        <p>A descriptive analysis of the Portuguese CADE-Q SV was performed. A mean total score was computed to reflect total knowledge. Independent sample t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square tests were used as appropriate to assess differences in total knowledge based on patient's socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Continuous variables were all normally distributed (confirmed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) and were reported with mean and standard deviations. Categorical variables were reported by absolute numbers, percentages and, when applicable, confidence intervals.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Participants' characteristics</title>
        <p>The characteristics of participants from the psychometric validation are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>. Overall, 200 cardiovascular ambulatory patients completed the Portuguese version of CADE-Q SV, of which 118 (59.0%) were male, and the mean age was 58.4 &#177; 11.6 years old.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Sociodemographic/Clinical Characteristics of the Participants and total scores and differences among subgroups (n = 200)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Characteristic</th>
                <th align="center">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">CADE-Q SV Total Score</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sociodemographic</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>(mean &#177; SD)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>p</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Age, years (mean &#177; SD)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">58.4 &#177; 11.6</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Age dichotomous n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">Less than 65 years old</td>
                <td align="center">132 (66.0)</td>
                <td align="center">13.6 &#177; 2.4</td>
                <td align="center">0.001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">65 years old or older</td>
                <td align="center">68 (34.0)</td>
                <td align="center">12.2 &#177; 2.8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sex n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">Male</td>
                <td align="center">118 (59.0)</td>
                <td align="center">13.3 &#177; 2.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.23</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Female</td>
                <td align="center">82 (41.0)</td>
                <td align="center">12.8 &#177; 2.8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Educational level n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">Never went to school</td>
                <td align="center">8 (4.0)</td>
                <td align="center">12.0 &#177; 3.2</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#8225;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Less than High School</td>
                <td align="center">128 (64.0)</td>
                <td align="center">12.5 &#177; 2.5</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">High School</td>
                <td align="center">54 (27.0)</td>
                <td align="center">14.1 &#177; 2.4</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">University</td>
                <td align="center">8 (4.0)</td>
                <td align="center">15.5 &#177; 1.2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Post-graduation</td>
                <td align="center">2 (1.0)</td>
                <td align="center">17.0 &#177; 0.0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Monthly family income n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">No income</td>
                <td align="center">15 (7.5)</td>
                <td align="center">12.6 &#177; 1.8</td>
                <td align="center">0.04<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Less than 1 minimum salary</td>
                <td align="center">98 (49.0)</td>
                <td align="center">12.8 &#177; 2.7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Between 1 and 3 minimum salaries</td>
                <td align="center">69 (34.5)</td>
                <td align="center">13.2 &#177; 2.6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Between 4 and 5 minimum salaries</td>
                <td align="center">12 (6.0)</td>
                <td align="center">14.2 &#177; 2.0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">6 or more minimum salaries</td>
                <td align="center">4 (2.0)</td>
                <td align="center">16.0 &#177; 2.0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Clinical</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Acute Cardiac Event n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">Acute Myocardial Infarction</td>
                <td align="center">113 (56.5)</td>
                <td align="center">13.5 &#177; 2.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.03<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Comorbidities n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">Hypertension</td>
                <td align="center">179 (89.5)</td>
                <td align="center">13.1 &#177; 2.6</td>
                <td align="center">0.91</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Dyslipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">138 (69.0)</td>
                <td align="center">13.1 &#177; 2.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.81</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Stress</td>
                <td align="center">71 (35.5)</td>
                <td align="center">13.1 &#177; 2.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.81</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Peripheral Obstructive Arterial Disease</td>
                <td align="center">54 (27.0)</td>
                <td align="center">12.5 &#177; 3.0</td>
                <td align="center">0.06</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Diabetes Type II</td>
                <td align="center">53 (26.5)</td>
                <td align="center">13.4 &#177; 2.2</td>
                <td align="center">0.36</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Arrhythmia</td>
                <td align="center">51 (25.5)</td>
                <td align="center">12.4 &#177; 2.4</td>
                <td align="center">0.04<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Stable Apnea</td>
                <td align="center">42 (21.0)</td>
                <td align="center">12.9 &#177; 2.9</td>
                <td align="center">0.58</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Depression</td>
                <td align="center">41 (20.5)</td>
                <td align="center">12.8 &#177; 2.4</td>
                <td align="center">0.37</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Obesity</td>
                <td align="center">40 (20.0)</td>
                <td align="center">13.3 &#177; 2.6</td>
                <td align="center">0.65</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Unstable Angina</td>
                <td align="center">37 (18.5)</td>
                <td align="center">12.7 &#177; 2.2</td>
                <td align="center">0.55</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Smoking</td>
                <td align="center">19 (9.5)</td>
                <td align="center">14.4 &#177; 2.2</td>
                <td align="center">0.08</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Alcoholic behaviour</td>
                <td align="center">6 (3.0</td>
                <td align="center">14.5 &#177; 1.9</td>
                <td align="center">0.18</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Time from diagnosis</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Time from diagnosis, years (mean&#177;SD)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">8.6 &#177; 9.1</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Time from diagnosis, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">Less than 1 year</td>
                <td align="center">50 (25.0)</td>
                <td align="center">13.6 &#177; 2.4</td>
                <td align="center">0.23</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Between 1 and 5 years</td>
                <td align="center">44 (22.0)</td>
                <td align="center">12.6 &#177; 2.8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Between 6 and 10 years</td>
                <td align="center">23 (11.5)</td>
                <td align="center">12.9 &#177; 2.6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Between 11 and 15 years</td>
                <td align="center">25 (12.5)</td>
                <td align="center">13.9 &#177; 2.2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">More than 15 years</td>
                <td align="center">38 (19.0)</td>
                <td align="center">12.6 &#177; 2.6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>SD-standard deviation; Significant differences between groups:</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <label>(*)</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0.05,</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0.01,</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <label>&#8225;</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0.001.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <p>Note: Income shown in Brazilian minimum salaries. One minimum salary corresponds to BRL$ 954,00 or USD$ 292.95.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Translation, cultural adaptation and pre-testing</title>
        <p>During the process of translation and cultural adaptation, it was observed that one item needed to be adapted to be used in the Brazilian context <italic>(item 11). Previously, this item had names of statin medications popular in North America, and since the tool was used in different countries it was adapted to read &#8220; &#8216;</italic>Statin' medications (such as atorvastatin and simvastatin) limit how much cholesterol your body absorbs from food&#8221;. Based on the feedback received from the experts we have included two examples of popular medications used in Brazil. No other adaptations were made. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> displays all items of the Portuguese version of CADE-Q SV.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Clarity (n = 21), means and Standard Deviations of CADE-Q SV scores per item, item completion rates (n = 200), ICC (n = 20), and Mean Scores per area</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Area</th>
                <th align="center">Item</th>
                <th align="center">Clarity<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">*</xref>
									<break/>Mean &#177; SD</th>
                <th align="center">Score<break/>Mean &#177; SD</th>
                <th align="center">Item completion rates (%)</th>
                <th align="center">ICC</th>
                <th align="center">Mean Score<break/>Per area</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">1 - Medical</td>
                <td align="center">1. Heart disease only happens in older people who smoke or have high cholesterol.</td>
                <td align="center">8.5 &#177; 1.9</td>
                <td align="center">0.73 &#177; 0.45</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.75</td>
                <td align="center">2.38 &#177; 0.76</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">3. "Angina" is chest pain or discomfort in your arm, back or neck.</td>
                <td align="center">8.1 &#177; 3.0</td>
                <td align="center">0.75 &#177; 0.44</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.71</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">6. Medications such as aspirin (ASA) help prevent blood clots from forming.</td>
                <td align="center">8.5 &#177; 2.6</td>
                <td align="center">0.86 &#177; 0.35</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.70</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">11. "Statin" medications (such as atorvastatin and simvastatin) limit how much cholesterol your body absorbs from food.<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">8.8 &#177; 1.8</td>
                <td align="center">0.05 &#177; 0.21</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.72</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">2 - Risk Factors</td>
                <td align="center">2. Lifestyle changes such as healthy eating can lower your chances of developing heart disease.</td>
                <td align="center">9.1 &#177; 1.9</td>
                <td align="center">0.89 &#177; 0.32</td>
                <td align="center">98.0</td>
                <td align="center">0.80</td>
                <td align="center">2.95 &#177; 0.88</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">12. To help control your blood pressure, eat less salt and exercise regularly.</td>
                <td align="center">9.5 &#177; 0.8</td>
                <td align="center">0.97 &#177; 0.16</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.83</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">16. To control cholesterol, become a vegetarian and avoid eating eggs.</td>
                <td align="center">8.7 &#177; 1.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.51 &#177; 0.50</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.77</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">18. You cannot prevent diabetes with exercise and healthy eating.</td>
                <td align="center">8.7 &#177; 2.1</td>
                <td align="center">0.58 &#177; 0.49</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.85</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">3 - Exercise</td>
                <td align="center">4. Resistance training (lifting weights or using elastic bands) can strengthen your muscles and help lower your blood sugar.</td>
                <td align="center">8.0 &#177; 2.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.63 &#177; 0.48</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.72</td>
                <td align="center">2.69 &#177; 1.01</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">8. A warm-up before exercising raises your heart rate and lowers your chance of getting angina.</td>
                <td align="center">8.8 &#177; 1.6</td>
                <td align="center">0.63 &#177; 0.48</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.70</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">13. If you get chest discomfort while walking, speed up to see if it goes away.</td>
                <td align="center">9.0 &#177; 1.6</td>
                <td align="center">0.86 &#177; 0.35</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.79</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">17. You are exercising at the right level when your heart rate is in the target zone and you can still talk comfortably.</td>
                <td align="center">8.4 &#177; 2.4</td>
                <td align="center">0.57 &#177; 0.50</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.80</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">4 - Diet</td>
                <td align="center">5. Eating more meat and dairy products is a good way to add more fiber to your diet.</td>
                <td align="center">8.1 &#177; 2.2</td>
                <td align="center">0.47 &#177; 0.50</td>
                <td align="center">98.0</td>
                <td align="center">0.72</td>
                <td align="center">2.09 &#177; 0.84</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">9. Prepared or processed foods, such as canned soup and bacon, usually have a lot of salt (sodium).</td>
                <td align="center">8.8 &#177; 2.1</td>
                <td align="center">0.90 &#177; 0.30</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.98</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">14. Trans fat is an unhealthy type of fat that is often found in baked or fried foods.</td>
                <td align="center">7.8 &#177; 2.9</td>
                <td align="center">0.78 &#177; 0.41</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.74</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">20. To help lower your blood pressure, eat healthy foods more often, such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.</td>
                <td align="center">9.6 &#177; 0.9</td>
                <td align="center">0.94 &#177; 0.24</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.94</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">5 - Psychosocial Risk</td>
                <td align="center">7. The only effective way to manage stress is to avoid people who cause unpleasant feelings.</td>
                <td align="center">8.2 &#177; 3.0</td>
                <td align="center">0.35 &#177; 0.48</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.77</td>
                <td align="center">1.97 &#177; 0.70</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">10. Depression is common after a heart attack and increases the chance of having another heart attack.</td>
                <td align="center">8.5 &#177; 2.2</td>
                <td align="center">0.63 &#177; 0.48</td>
                <td align="center">98.0</td>
                <td align="center">0.78</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">15. Sleep apnea (pauses in breathing during sleep) can increase your chance of having another heart attack.</td>
                <td align="center">8.1 &#177; 2.7</td>
                <td align="center">0.05 &#177; 0.21</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.77</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">19. Stress increases your chance of having a heart attack as much as high blood pressure and diabetes.</td>
                <td align="center">9.1 &#177; 1.4</td>
                <td align="center">0.94 &#177; 0.23</td>
                <td align="center">98.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.72</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">8.6 &#177; 3.2</td>
                <td align="center">13.08 &#177; 2.61</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <p>SD-standard deviation; ICC-intraclass correlation coefficient;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN7">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Clarity was assessed using a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 = not clear to 10 = very clear;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>item culturally adapted. Note: maximum score for item is 1 and for areas is 5.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> also presents the clarity of items graded by 21 cardiovascular patients as part of the pre-testing using a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (not clear) to 10 (very clear). Clarity of items ranged from 7.8 to 9.6, and overall clarity of the tool was 8.6 &#177; 3.2, which shows the Portuguese version of CADE-Q SV was clear to patients.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Psychometric validation</title>
        <p>The internal consistency of the entire sample was assessed by KR-20(0.70). Regarding factor analysis, results from the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index (KMO = 0.78) and Bartlett's Sphericity tests (<italic>X<sup>2</sup></italic> = 490.481, p &lt; 0.001) indicated that the data were suitable for factor analysis. Six factors were extracted, representing 59.0% of the total variance. All factors were reliable (Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.70-0.81). These factors were called: medical, risk factors, exercise, diet, psychosocial risk, and specific cases. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref> shows the factor loadings for each item based on loadings greater than 0.30 on only one factor.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Factor loadings from confirmatory factor analysis</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Items</th>
                <th align="center">Factor 1: Specific cases</th>
                <th align="center">Factor 2: Exercise</th>
                <th align="center">Factor 3: Diet</th>
                <th align="center">Factor 4: Medical</th>
                <th align="center">Factor 5: Risk factors</th>
                <th align="center">Factor 6: Psychosocial risk</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">10. Depression is common after a heart attack and increases the chance of having another heart attack.</td>
                <td align="center">0.47</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">11. "Statin" medications (such as atorvastatin and simvastatin) limit how much cholesterol your body absorbs from food.</td>
                <td align="center">0.39</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">15. Sleep apnea (pauses in breathing during sleep) can increase your chance of having another heart attack.</td>
                <td align="center">0.39</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">18. You cannot prevent diabetes with exercise and healthy eating.</td>
                <td align="center">0.31</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">4. Resistance training (lifting weights or using elastic bands) can strengthen your muscles and help lower your blood sugar.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.33</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">8. A warm-up before exercising raises your heart rate and lowers your chance of getting angina.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.46</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">13. If you get chest discomfort while walking, speed up to see if it goes away.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.48</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">17. You are exercising at the right level when your heart rate is in the target zone and you can still talk comfortably.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.47</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">5. Eating more meat and dairy products is a good way to add more fiber to your diet.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.45</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">9. Prepared or processed foods, such as canned soup and bacon, usually have a lot of salt (sodium).</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.46</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">14. Trans fat is an unhealthy type of fat that is often found in baked or fried foods.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.56</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">20. To help lower your blood pressure, eat healthy foods more often, such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.38</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">1. Heart disease only happens in older people who smoke or have high cholesterol.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.52</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">3. "Angina" is chest pain or discomfort in your arm, back or neck.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.39</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">6. Medications such as aspirin (ASA) help prevent blood clots from forming.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.44</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">2. Lifestyle changes such as healthy eating can lower your chances of developing heart disease.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.30</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">12. To help control your blood pressure, eat less salt and exercise regularly.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.56</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">16. To control cholesterol, become a vegetarian and avoid eating eggs.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.34</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">7. The only effective way to manage stress is to avoid people who cause unpleasant feelings.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.52</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">19. Stress increases your chance of having a heart attack as much as high blood pressure and diabetes.</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.32</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Variance</td>
                <td align="center">17.3</td>
                <td align="center">11.1</td>
                <td align="center">9.4</td>
                <td align="center">8.2</td>
                <td align="center">6.9</td>
                <td align="center">6.6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Eigenvalues</td>
                <td align="center">3.3</td>
                <td align="center">1.6</td>
                <td align="center">1.5</td>
                <td align="center">1.2</td>
                <td align="center">1.2</td>
                <td align="center">1.1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Cronbach's Alpha</td>
                <td align="center">0.73</td>
                <td align="center">0.81</td>
                <td align="center">0.79</td>
                <td align="center">0.70</td>
                <td align="center">0.71</td>
                <td align="center">0.70</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN08">
              <p>(*) item culturally adapted.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>The test-retest reliability was evaluated through the ICC for each item, and the ICCs for all items meet the minimum recommended standard. In regard to construct validity, CADE-Q SV total scores were compared by participant's level of education, family monthly income and time of diagnosis. As shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>, patients with lower educational level had significantly higher needs than those with higher education (p &lt; 0.001), and participants with no income or less than 1 minimum salary had lower knowledge than participants that earn 4 minimum salaries per month or higher (p &lt; 0.05). No differences were found regarding time of diagnosis.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Cardiovascular patients' knowledge about their condition</title>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> displays the means and standard deviations of each CADE-Q SV item, as well as total scores per area. Items with the highest scores (i.e., with the highest number of correct answers) were the following: &#8220;to help control your blood pressure, eat less salt and exercise regularly&#8221;, &#8220;stress increases your chance of having a heart attack as much as high blood pressure and diabetes&#8221;, and &#8220;to help lower your blood pressure, eat healthy foods more often, such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains&#8221;. Items with the lowest knowledge (i.e., items with the lowest scores) were the following: &#8220; &#8216;statin' medications (such as atorvastatin and simvastatin) limit how much cholesterol your body absorbs from food&#8221;, &#8220;sleep apnea (pauses in breathing during sleep) can increase your chance of having another heart attack&#8221;, and &#8220;the only effective way to manage stress is to avoid people who cause unpleasant feelings&#8221;. The area with the highest knowledge was risk factors and the one with the lowest was psychosocial risk. Patients spend around 10 minutes to complete the tool.</p>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> presents the total score per participant's characteristics. As displayed, patients that had a myocardial infarction or have arrhythmia had significantly higher knowledge than their counterparts (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, younger participants (i.e. less than 65 years old) had significantly higher knowledge than participants who were 65 years old or older.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>Education is a core component of CR and cardiac care, and is necessary to promote patient's understanding of secondary prevention strategies and adherence to these strategies. Herein, a short and reliable tool to assess cardiovascular patients' knowledge - called CADE-Q SV - has been translated, culturally adapted, and psychometrically validated through a rigorous process. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, criterion validity, and factor structure were all established, and demonstrate the utility of this tool.</p>
      <p>Results of this study were consistent with those presented in the original validation,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> particularly in relation to criterion validity (correlation to educational level) and all areas being considered internally consistent (&#945; &gt; 0.70). In this validation, there are 6 factors, even thoughthe tool has 5 areas. The new factor was called &#8220;specific cases&#8221; and included questions related to comorbidities and specific diagnosis that may not be relevant to all cardiovascular patients (e.g., diabetes and sleep apnea). Adult patients learn based on their personal needs and when the information is not relevant to them they may not have interest to learn about it.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> Therefore, these items were combined in one factor and in future studies with the tool, researchers should flag these items and see if cardiovascular patients with or without these comorbidities will have the same knowledge.</p>
      <p>The overall mean, as well as the means of the areas, were low, reinforcing the need for educational strategies to teach cardiovascular patients, which have been reinforced in publications about strategies to treat these patients in low-and middle-income countries.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Thus, the areas with higher knowledge in this study (risk factors) were different from the areas identified in the original validation (exercise and diet).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> This result was expected since in this study we have administered the survey in ambulatory cardiovascular patients, while the original study was with CR patients.</p>
      <p>Future research is needed to further establish the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of CADE-Q SV. First, in relation to the potential strategies to educate cardiovascular patients, it should be determined whether the scale is sensitive to change (i.e., responsiveness), such as after CR or educational programs. Second, there are other measurement properties of the scale that require assessment, such as criterion validity. Moreover, test-retest reliability was performed in 20 patients, and the literature points that the minimum number should be 50.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> Third, the type of sample and the fact that participants were recruited from only one site also limits this study. Therefore, the Portuguese CADE-Q SV should be administered in other health programs and Brazilian states, to ensure it is appropriate and performs well in more general settings. Finally, future research is needed to assess whether the scale is sensitive to change, such as following participation in CR, or to test implementation of new education materials. Second, whether CADE-Q SV is a valuable and valid tool to identify knowledge differences in CR patients should be explored.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> For this study patients did not receive any feedback regarding their knowledge; however, we encourage clinicians and researchers to provide this to patients.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>In conclusion, the Portuguese version of CADE-Q SV proved to have strong psychometric properties, providing preliminary evidence of its validity and reliability to assess cardiovascular patients' knowledge in Brazil. It is hoped that this tool can support healthcare providers and CR programs to evaluate their patients' knowledge in clinical practice and promote greater provision of educational strategies.</p>
      <p>The use of the Portuguese version of CADE-Q SV for clinical and research purposes will be free of charge, and all information - including the tool - is available online at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://cadeq.wordpress.com/">https://cadeq.wordpress.com/</ext-link>.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was funded by FAPEMIG and CNPq.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais under the protocol number 1.350.973. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ack>
      <title>Acknowledgements</title>
      <p>We would like to acknowledge the undergraduate students Ully Caproni and Thiago Martins for the help with data collection in this study.</p>
    </ack>
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            <given-names>Gabriela Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Britto</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto - Canada</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Gabriela Lima de Melo Ghisi,</bold> 347 Rumsey Road Toronto ON M6S 5B7 - Toronto E-mail: <email>gabriela.meloghisi@uhn.ca</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Ghisi GLM, Chaves GSS, Britto R; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Loures JB, Bonfim GM; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Ghisi GLM, Chaves GSS, Loures JB, Bonfim GM, Britto R; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Ghisi GLM, Chaves GSS; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Britto R; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Ghisi GLM, Chaves GSS, Loures JB, Bonfim GM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A educa&#231;&#227;o &#233; parte essencial do atendimento dos pacientes cardiovasculares, visando ao autocuidado, para reduzir os fatores de risco. Assim, uma ferramenta curta e confi&#225;vel para avaliar o conhecimento dos pacientes no Brasil &#233; necess&#225;ria.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar psicometricamente a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire Short Version (CADE-Q SV).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>CADE-Q SV portugu&#234;s foi revisado por cinco especialistas em doen&#231;as cardiovasculares bil&#237;ngues e testado em 21 pacientes, avaliando clareza dos itens por uma escala tipo Likert variando de 1 = n&#227;o clara a 10 = muito clara. Foi testada psicometricamente em 200 pacientes cardiovasculares (41% mulheres; m&#233;dia de idade = 58,4 &#177; 11,6 anos). Consist&#234;ncia interna foi avaliada usando o Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) e o alfa de Cronbach; teste-reteste de confiabilidade por meio do coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse (ICC); estrutura de fatores usando an&#225;lise fatorial; e validade de construto em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#237;vel educacional, renda familiar e tempo de diagn&#243;stico.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Todas as perguntas foram consideradas claras pelos pacientes (faixa de clareza: 7,8-9,6). O KR-20 foi de 0,70. Todos os valores ICC foram &gt; 0,70. A an&#225;lise dos fatores revelou 6 fatores, todos consistentes. A validade do construto foi sustentada por diferen&#231;as significativas nas pontua&#231;&#245;es totais por n&#237;vel educacional e renda familiar (p &lt; 0,001). A m&#233;dia geral foi de 13,08 &#177; 2,61. A &#225;rea com maior conhecimento foi fatores de risco e menor risco psicossocial.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>O CADE-SV portugu&#234;s demonstrou ter boa validade e confiabilidade; podendo ser aplicado em contextos cl&#237;nicos e de pesquisa, avaliando o conhecimento dos pacientes com doen&#231;a cardiovascular.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Inqu&#233;ritos e Question&#225;rios</kwd>
        <kwd>Educa&#231;&#227;o de Paciente como Assunto</kwd>
        <kwd>Conhecimento</kwd>
        <kwd>Escolaridade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV) est&#227;o entre as principais cargas de doen&#231;as e incapacidades em todo o mundo,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>particularmente em pa&#237;ses de baixa e m&#233;dia renda (PBMR), como o Brasil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (RC) &#233; um modelo de cuidado ambulatorial de preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria projetado para atenuar essa carga.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Na verdade, a participa&#231;&#227;o na RC demonstrou reduzir a morbidade e a mortalidade em 20%, de uma maneira custo-efetiva.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> O melhor controle dos fatores de risco, bem-estar psicossocial e comportamentos de sa&#250;de tamb&#233;m s&#227;o mostrados em PBMR com participa&#231;&#227;o em RC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> No entanto, h&#225; incrivelmente poucos estudos nesse cen&#225;rio que mostrem o sucesso de longo prazo da RC, que depende em parte da capacidade do paciente de manter comportamentos de sa&#250;de, como a participa&#231;&#227;o em atividades f&#237;sicas regulares ap&#243;s o t&#233;rmino do programa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A educa&#231;&#227;o do paciente &#233; uma parte essencial da reabilita&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com DAC direcionados para o comportamento de autogerenciamento para reduzir fatores de risco e eventos card&#237;acos subsequentes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> A American Cardiovascular Society e a Canadian Cardiovascular Society incluem a educa&#231;&#227;o do paciente como um indicador de qualidade da RC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> e esse componente tamb&#233;m &#233; recomendado no fornecimento de RC em PBMR.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Na verdade, as metan&#225;lises de educa&#231;&#227;o para pacientes cardiovasculares sugerem que isso est&#225; associado a melhora dos comportamentos de autogest&#227;o,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> redu&#231;&#245;es nos custos de sa&#250;de,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>e recorr&#234;ncia de eventos agudos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nesse contexto, o Question&#225;rio de Educa&#231;&#227;o para Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana (CADE-Q) foi previamente desenvolvido e validado psicometricamente como uma ferramenta v&#225;lida e confi&#225;vel para informar os profissionais de sa&#250;de brasileiros sobre o conhecimento de seus pacientes cardiovasculares acerca da doen&#231;a.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Mais tarde, foi validado para a l&#237;ngua inglesa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Ele tamb&#233;m tem sido usado em v&#225;rios estudos, incluindo ensaios controlados randomizados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Embora ambas as vers&#245;es tenham demonstrado boa confiabilidade e validade, o CADE-Q apresentou falta de avalia&#231;&#227;o detalhada de todos os componentes centrais da reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, como nutri&#231;&#227;o e risco psicossocial. Portanto, uma segunda vers&#227;o (CADE-Q II) foi desenvolvida e validada em ingl&#234;s.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> No entanto, ambas as ferramentas demoram cerca de 20 minutos para serem completadas, havendo a necessidade de um instrumento curto e r&#225;pido para avaliar mais facilmente o conhecimento dos pacientes de RC na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica. Esta ferramenta foi validada em ingl&#234;s e &#233; denominada CADE-Q SV.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar psicometricamente uma vers&#227;o do CADE-Q SV em portugu&#234;s do Brasil.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Design e procedimentos</title>
          <p>O desenho deste estudo consistiu em uma s&#233;rie de estudos observacionais transversais. Os dados foram coletados entre setembro de 2017 e fevereiro de 2018.</p>
          <p>Primeiro, a tradu&#231;&#227;o e adapta&#231;&#227;o cultural foram realizadas. Este processo seguiu normas rigorosas aprovadas pelo autor e coautores e baseou-se no protocolo proposto por Guillemin et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> (1) tradu&#231;&#227;o inicial, (2) retrotradu&#231;&#227;o, (3) revis&#227;o pelo comit&#234; dessas tradu&#231;&#245;es e retrotradu&#231;&#245;es, e (4) pr&#233;-teste de equival&#234;ncia usando indiv&#237;duos bil&#237;ngues. A tradu&#231;&#227;o inicial foi realizada por um tradutor independente, ciente dos objetivos e conceitos subjacentes ao estudo e buscou detectar ambiguidades e significados inesperados nos itens originais. A retrotradu&#231;&#227;o foi realizada por um segundo tradutor, cegado para os objetivos iniciais do estudo e para a vers&#227;o original. Todas as vers&#245;es foram revisadas por um comit&#234; de tr&#234;s especialistas bil&#237;ngues. Essa vers&#227;o foi pr&#233;-testada em 20 pacientes e a clareza dos itens foi verificada. Para avaliar a clareza, solicitou-se aos pacientes que classificassem cada item em uma escala do tipo Likert que varia de 1 (n&#227;o claro) a 10 (muito claro). Os resultados foram utilizados para refinar a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q SV.</p>
          <p>Em segundo lugar, foi realizada uma valida&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica. A ferramenta refinada foi administrada a uma amostra maior dos atuais pacientes ambulatoriais cardiovasculares de um hospital p&#250;blico de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. O instrumento foi aplicado por meio de autoadministra&#231;&#227;o monitorada (ou seja, os pesquisadores mantiveram uma postura neutra durante a administra&#231;&#227;o, respondendo a perguntas sobre a pesquisa e incentivando os participantes a responder a todas as perguntas). O question&#225;rio foi readministrado um m&#234;s ap&#243;s a primeira aplica&#231;&#227;o em 21 participantes selecionados aleatoriamente para avaliar a confiabilidade do teste-reteste. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e novembro de 2017.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Participantes</title>
          <p>Para a valida&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica, uma amostra de conveni&#234;ncia de 200 pacientes ambulatoriais cardiovasculares foi recrutada. O c&#225;lculo do tamanho da amostra para essa an&#225;lise foi baseado na recomenda&#231;&#227;o de Hair &amp; Anderson<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> de 10 sujeitos por item. Como o CADE-Q SV possui 20 itens, um tamanho de amostra de 200 &#233; considerado v&#225;lido. Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o foram os seguintes: diagn&#243;stico card&#237;aco confirmado ou m&#250;ltiplos fatores de risco cardiovascular. Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram os seguintes: menores de 18 anos, analfabetos, algum comprometimento visual, cognitivo ou mental significativo que impossibilite a capacidade do participante de responder ao question&#225;rio.</p>
          <p>Os participantes da RC foram caracterizados quanto ao sexo, idade, escolaridade, renda familiar, comorbidades, fatores cl&#237;nicos de risco, hist&#243;ria e dura&#231;&#227;o da participa&#231;&#227;o na RC. As caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas do participante foram obtidas do prontu&#225;rio, e as caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas foram autorrelatadas.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Medida: A escala CADE-Q SV</title>
          <p>O CADE-Q SV avalia o conhecimento dos pacientes cardiovasculares sobre sua condi&#231;&#227;o. Foi projetado para ser um question&#225;rio verdadeiro / falso / n&#227;o sei, com 20 itens, quatro em cada dom&#237;nio, como segue: condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, fatores de risco, exerc&#237;cio, nutri&#231;&#227;o e risco psicossocial. Cada resposta correta &#233; igual a um ponto; portanto, a pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#225;xima poss&#237;vel &#233; 20 no total, quatro por dom&#237;nio e uma por item. A ferramenta foi desenvolvida em ingl&#234;s e testada psicometricamente em participantes canadenses de RC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> Essa ferramenta pode ser usada para adaptar qualquer tipo de interven&#231;&#227;o educacional dirigida a pacientes cardiovasculares, n&#227;o apenas em programas de RC.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>O SPSS vers&#227;o 24.0 foi utilizado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia para todos os testes foi estabelecido em 0,05. As propriedades psicom&#233;tricas foram testadas de acordo com as Normas Baseadas no Consenso para a sele&#231;&#227;o da taxonomia dos Instrumentos de Medi&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de (COSMIN).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> Em primeiro lugar, a consist&#234;ncia interna foi avaliada pelo Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) e pelo alfa de Cronbach de cada fator (com base na estrutura fatorial, descrita adiante). Para esta an&#225;lise, valores iguais ou superiores a 0,70 foram considerados aceit&#225;veis,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> refletindo a correla&#231;&#227;o interna entre itens da mesma &#225;rea.</p>
          <p>Em segundo lugar, a estrutura fatorial foi avaliada por meio da an&#225;lise fatorial confirmat&#243;ria. O m&#233;todo do componente principal para a extra&#231;&#227;o de fatores foi usado levando em considera&#231;&#227;o apenas aqueles com valores pr&#243;prios &gt; 1,0. Ap&#243;s a sele&#231;&#227;o dos fatores, gerou-se uma matriz de correla&#231;&#227;o, na qual as associa&#231;&#245;es entre itens e fatores foram observadas por meio de cargas fatoriais superiores a 0,40 em apenas um fator.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> O m&#233;todo varimax com normaliza&#231;&#227;o de Kaiser foi utilizado para interpretar a matriz.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Terceiro, a confiabilidade do teste-reteste foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse (ICC). Valores de ICC inferiores a 0,70<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> foram considerados itens ruins. Por fim, a validade do crit&#233;rio tamb&#233;m foi avaliada comparando os escores totais do CADE-Q SV com o n&#237;vel de escolaridade do participante, a renda mensal familiar e o tempo de diagn&#243;stico, utilizando testes t para amostras independentes e correla&#231;&#227;o de Pearson. As velocidades de conclus&#227;o de itens tamb&#233;m foram descritas.</p>
          <p>Foi realizada uma an&#225;lise descritiva do CADE-Q SV em portugu&#234;s. Um escore m&#233;dio total foi calculado para refletir o conhecimento total. Testes t de amostra independente, an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia unidirecional e testes do qui-quadrado foram usados como apropriado para avaliar diferen&#231;as no conhecimento total com base nas caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas do paciente. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram todas distribu&#237;das normalmente (confirmadas pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov) e foram relatadas com m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram relatadas por n&#250;meros absolutos, porcentagens e, quando aplic&#225;vel, intervalos de confian&#231;a.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Caracter&#237;sticas dos participantes</title>
          <p>As caracter&#237;sticas dos participantes da valida&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica est&#227;o descritas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref>. No total, 200 pacientes ambulatoriais cardiovasculares completaram a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q SV, dos quais 118 (59,0%) eram do sexo masculino e a idade m&#233;dia era de 58,4 &#177; 11,6 anos.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas Sociodemogr&#225;ficas/Cl&#237;nicas dos Participantes e escores totais e diferen&#231;as entre subgrupos (n = 200)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Caracter&#237;stica</th>
                  <th align="center">
									</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3">Pontua&#231;&#227;o Total do CADE-Q SV</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Sociodemogr&#225;fica</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>p</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Idade, anos (m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">58,4 &#177; 11,6</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Idade dicot&#244;mica n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">Menos de 65 anos</td>
                  <td align="center">132 (66,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,6 &#177; 2,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">65 anos ou mais</td>
                  <td align="center">68 (34,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,2 &#177; 2,8</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Sexo n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">Masculino</td>
                  <td align="center">118 (59,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,3 &#177; 2,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,23</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Feminino</td>
                  <td align="center">82 (41,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,8 &#177; 2,8</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">N&#237;vel educacional n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">Nunca fui &#224; escola</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (4,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,0 &#177; 3,2</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#8225;</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Menos que o ensino m&#233;dio</td>
                  <td align="center">128 (64,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,5 &#177; 2,5</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Ensino M&#233;dio</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (27,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">14,1 &#177; 2,4</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Universidade</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (4,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">15,5 &#177; 1,2</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">17,0 &#177; 0,0</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Renda familiar mensal n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">Sem renda</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (7,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,6 &#177; 1,8</td>
                  <td align="center">0,04<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">*</xref>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Menos de 1 sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo</td>
                  <td align="center">98 (49,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,8 &#177; 2,7</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Entre 1 e 3 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                  <td align="center">69 (34,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,2 &#177; 2,6</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Entre 4 e 5 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (6,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">14,2 &#177; 2,0</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">6 ou mais sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (2,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">16,0 &#177; 2,0</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Cl&#237;nico</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Evento Card&#237;aco Agudo n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio</td>
                  <td align="center">113 (56,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,5 &#177; 2,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,03<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">*</xref>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Comorbidades n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">Hipertens&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">179 (89,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,1 &#177; 2,6</td>
                  <td align="center">0,91</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Dislipidemia</td>
                  <td align="center">138 (69,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,1 &#177; 2,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,81</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Estresse</td>
                  <td align="center">71 (35,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,1 &#177; 2,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,81</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Doen&#231;a Arterial Obstrutiva Perif&#233;rica</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (27,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,5 &#177; 3,0</td>
                  <td align="center">0,06</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Diabetes Tipo II</td>
                  <td align="center">53 (26,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,4 &#177; 2,2</td>
                  <td align="center">0,36</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Arritmia</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (25,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,4 &#177; 2,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,04<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">*</xref>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Apneia Est&#225;vel</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (21,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,9 &#177; 2,9</td>
                  <td align="center">0,58</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Depress&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">41 (20,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,8 &#177; 2,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,37</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Obesidade</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (20,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,3 &#177; 2,6</td>
                  <td align="center">0,65</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Angina inst&#225;vel</td>
                  <td align="center">37 (18,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,7 &#177; 2,2</td>
                  <td align="center">0,55</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Tabagismo</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (9,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">14,4 &#177; 2,2</td>
                  <td align="center">0,08</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Comportamento Alco&#243;lico</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (3,0</td>
                  <td align="center">14,5 &#177; 1,9</td>
                  <td align="center">0,18</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Tempo a partir do diagn&#243;stico</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo a partir do diagn&#243;stico, anos (m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">8,6 &#177; 9,1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo a partir do diagn&#243;stico, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">Menos de 1 ano</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (25,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,6 &#177; 2,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,23</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Entre 1 e 5 anos</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (22,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,6 &#177; 2,8</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Entre 6 e 10 anos</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (11,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,9 &#177; 2,6</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Entre 11 e 15 anos</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (12,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,9 &#177; 2,2</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Mais de 15 anos</td>
                  <td align="center">38 (19,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,6 &#177; 2,6</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN9">
                <p>DP: desvio padr&#227;o; Diferen&#231;as significativas entre grupos:</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN10">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>p &lt; 0,05,</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN11">
                <label>&#8224;</label>
                <p>p &lt; 0,01,</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN12">
                <label>&#8225;</label>
                <p>p &lt; 0,001.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN13">
                <p>Nota: Renda demonstrada nos sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos brasileiros. Um sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo corresponde a R $ 954,00 ou US $ 292,95.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Tradu&#231;&#227;o, adapta&#231;&#227;o cultural e pr&#233;-teste</title>
          <p>Durante o processo de tradu&#231;&#227;o e adapta&#231;&#227;o cultural, observou-se que um item precisava ser adaptado para ser utilizado no contexto brasileiro (item 11). Anteriormente, este item tinha nomes de medicamentos de estatina populares na Am&#233;rica do Norte e, como a ferramenta era usada em diferentes pa&#237;ses, foi adaptada para que se leia "Os medicamentos de &#8216;estatina' (como atorvastatina e sinvastatina) limitam a quantidade de colesterol que seu corpo absorve dos alimentos". Com base no feedback recebido dos especialistas, inclu&#237;mos dois exemplos de medicamentos populares usados no Brasil. N&#227;o foi realizada nenhuma outra adapta&#231;&#227;o. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref> exibe todos os itens da vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q SV.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t5">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Clareza (n = 21), m&#233;dia e Desvio Padr&#227;o dos escores do CADE-Q SV por item, taxas de conclus&#227;o do item (n = 200), ICC (n = 20) e Escores M&#233;dios por &#225;rea</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">&#193;rea</th>
                  <th align="center">Item</th>
                  <th align="center">Clareza<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
										<break/>(m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">Escore<break/>(m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">Taxas de conclus&#227;o de item (%)</th>
                  <th align="center">ICC</th>
                  <th align="center">Escore M&#233;dio<break/>Por &#225;rea</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">1 - Cl&#237;nico</td>
                  <td align="center">1. A doen&#231;a card&#237;aca s&#243; acontece em pessoas idosas que fumam ou t&#234;m colesterol alto.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,5 &#177; 1,9</td>
                  <td align="center">0,73 &#177; 0,45</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,75</td>
                  <td align="center">2,38 &#177; 0,76</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">3. Angina &#233; dor no peito ou desconforto no seu bra&#231;o, costas ou pesco&#231;o.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,1 &#177; 3,0</td>
                  <td align="center">0,75 &#177; 0,44</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,71</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">6. Medicamentos como &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico (AAS) ajudam a prevenir a forma&#231;&#227;o de co&#225;gulos sangu&#237;neos.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,5 &#177; 2,6</td>
                  <td align="center">0,86 &#177; 0,35</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,70</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">11. Os medicamentos 'estatinas' (como atorvastatina e sinvastatina) limitam a quantidade de colesterol que seu corpo absorve dos alimentos.<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">8,8 &#177; 1,8</td>
                  <td align="center">0,05 &#177; 0,21</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,72</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">2 - Fatores de Risco</td>
                  <td align="center">2. Mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida, como uma alimenta&#231;&#227;o saud&#225;vel, podem diminuir suas chances de desenvolver doen&#231;as card&#237;acas.</td>
                  <td align="center">9,1 &#177; 1,9</td>
                  <td align="center">0,89 &#177; 0,32</td>
                  <td align="center">98,0</td>
                  <td align="center">0,80</td>
                  <td align="center">2,95 &#177; 0,88</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">12. Para ajudar a controlar a press&#227;o arterial, coma menos sal e fa&#231;a exerc&#237;cios regularmente.</td>
                  <td align="center">9,5 &#177; 0,8</td>
                  <td align="center">0,97 &#177; 0,16</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,83</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">16. Para controlar o colesterol, torne-se vegetariano e evite comer ovos.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,7 &#177; 1,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,51 &#177; 0,50</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,77</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">18. Voc&#234; n&#227;o pode evitar o diabetes com exerc&#237;cios e alimenta&#231;&#227;o saud&#225;vel.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,7 &#177; 2,1</td>
                  <td align="center">0,58 &#177; 0,49</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,85</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">3 - Exerc&#237;cio</td>
                  <td align="center">4. O treinamento de resist&#234;ncia (levantar pesos ou usar bandas el&#225;sticas) pode fortalecer os m&#250;sculos e ajudar a reduzir o a&#231;&#250;car no sangue.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,0 &#177; 2,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,63 &#177; 0,48</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,72</td>
                  <td align="center">2,69 &#177; 1,01</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">8. Um aquecimento antes do exerc&#237;cio aumenta a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e diminui sua chance de ter angina.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,8 &#177; 1,6</td>
                  <td align="center">0,63 &#177; 0,48</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,70</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">13. Se sentir desconforto no peito durante a caminhada, acelere para ver se ele desaparece.</td>
                  <td align="center">9,0 &#177; 1,6</td>
                  <td align="center">0,86 &#177; 0,35</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,79</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">17. Voc&#234; est&#225; se exercitando no n&#237;vel certo quando sua frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca est&#225; na zona-alvo e voc&#234; ainda pode conversar confortavelmente.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,4 &#177; 2,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,57 &#177; 0,50</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,80</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">4 - Dieta</td>
                  <td align="center">5. Comer mais carne e produtos l&#225;cteos &#233; uma boa maneira de adicionar mais fibras &#224; sua dieta.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,1 &#177; 2,2</td>
                  <td align="center">0,47 &#177; 0,50</td>
                  <td align="center">98,0</td>
                  <td align="center">0,72</td>
                  <td align="center">2,09 &#177; 0,84</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">9. Alimentos preparados ou processados, como sopa enlatada e bacon, geralmente t&#234;m muito sal (s&#243;dio).</td>
                  <td align="center">8,8 &#177; 2,1</td>
                  <td align="center">0,90 &#177; 0,30</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,98</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">14. Gordura trans &#233; um tipo de gordura n&#227;o saud&#225;vel que &#233; frequentemente encontrado em alimentos cozidos ou fritos.</td>
                  <td align="center">7,8 &#177; 2,9</td>
                  <td align="center">0,78 &#177; 0,41</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,74</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">20. Para ajudar a reduzir a press&#227;o arterial, coma alimentos saud&#225;veis com mais frequ&#234;ncia, como legumes, frutas e gr&#227;os integrais.</td>
                  <td align="center">9,6 &#177; 0,9</td>
                  <td align="center">0,94 &#177; 0,24</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,94</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">5 - Risco Psicossocial</td>
                  <td align="center">7. A &#250;nica maneira eficaz de gerenciar o estresse &#233; evitar pessoas que causem sentimentos desagrad&#225;veis.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,2 &#177; 3,0</td>
                  <td align="center">0,35 &#177; 0,48</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,77</td>
                  <td align="center">1,97 &#177; 0,70</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">10. Depress&#227;o &#233; comum ap&#243;s um ataque card&#237;aco e aumenta a chance de ter outro ataque card&#237;aco.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,5 &#177; 2,2</td>
                  <td align="center">0,63 &#177; 0,48</td>
                  <td align="center">98,0</td>
                  <td align="center">0,78</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">15. A apneia do sono (pausa na respira&#231;&#227;o durante o sono) pode aumentar sua chance de ter outro ataque card&#237;aco.</td>
                  <td align="center">8,1 &#177; 2,7</td>
                  <td align="center">0,05 &#177; 0,21</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,77</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">19. O estresse aumenta sua chance de ter um ataque card&#237;aco, tanto quanto a press&#227;o alta e diabetes.</td>
                  <td align="center">9,1 &#177; 1,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,94 &#177; 0,23</td>
                  <td align="center">98,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,72</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Total</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">8,6 &#177; 3,2</td>
                  <td align="center">13,08 &#177; 2,61</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN14">
                <p>DP: desvio padr&#227;o; ICC: coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN15">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>A clareza foi avaliada usando uma escala do tipo Likert que varia de 1 = n&#227;o claro a 10 = muito claro;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN16">
                <label>&#8224;</label>
                <p>item culturalmente adaptado. Nota: a pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#225;xima para o item &#233; 1 e para as &#225;reas &#233; 5.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref> tamb&#233;m apresenta a clareza dos itens classificados por 21 pacientes cardiovasculares como parte do pr&#233;-teste utilizando uma escala do tipo Likert que varia de 1 (n&#227;o claro) a 10 (muito claro). A clareza dos itens variou de 7,8 a 9,6 e a clareza geral do instrumento foi de 8,6 &#177; 3,2, o que mostra que a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q SV estava clara para os pacientes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Valida&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica</title>
          <p>A consist&#234;ncia interna de toda a amostra foi avaliada pelo KR-20 (0,70). Quanto &#224; an&#225;lise fatorial, os resultados do &#237;ndice de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO = 0,78) e dos testes de esfericidade de Bartlett (X&#178; = 490,481, p &lt; 0,001) indicaram que os dados foram adequados para an&#225;lise fatorial. Seis fatores foram extra&#237;dos, representando 59,0% da vari&#226;ncia total. Todos os fatores eram confi&#225;veis (o alfa de Cronbach variou de 0,70 a 0,81). Esses fatores foram denominados: cl&#237;nicos, fatores de risco, exerc&#237;cio, dieta, risco psicossocial e casos espec&#237;ficos. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref> mostra as cargas fatoriais para cada item com base em cargas superiores a 0,30 em apenas um fator.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t6">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Cargas fatoriais da an&#225;lise fatorial confirmat&#243;ria</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Itens</th>
                  <th align="center">Fator 1: casos espec&#237;ficos</th>
                  <th align="center">Fator 2: Exerc&#237;cio</th>
                  <th align="center">Fator 3: Dieta</th>
                  <th align="center">Fator 4: Cl&#237;nico</th>
                  <th align="center">Fator 5: fatores de risco</th>
                  <th align="center">Fator 6 Risco Psicossocial</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">10. Depress&#227;o &#233; comum ap&#243;s um ataque card&#237;aco e aumenta a chance de ter outro ataque card&#237;aco.</td>
                  <td align="center">0,47</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">11. Os medicamentos 'estatinas' (como atorvastatina e sinvastatina) limitam a quantidade de colesterol que seu corpo absorve dos alimentos.<sup>&#8224;</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">0,39</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">15. A apneia do sono (pausa na respira&#231;&#227;o durante o sono) pode aumentar sua chance de ter outro ataque card&#237;aco.</td>
                  <td align="center">0,39</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">18. Voc&#234; n&#227;o pode evitar o diabetes com exerc&#237;cios e alimenta&#231;&#227;o saud&#225;vel.</td>
                  <td align="center">0,31</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">4. O treinamento de resist&#234;ncia (levantar pesos ou usar bandas el&#225;sticas) pode fortalecer os m&#250;sculos e ajudar a reduzir o a&#231;&#250;car no sangue.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,33</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">8. Um aquecimento antes do exerc&#237;cio aumenta a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e diminui sua chance de ter angina.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,46</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">13. Se sentir desconforto no peito durante a caminhada, acelere para ver se ele desaparece.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,48</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">17. Voc&#234; est&#225; se exercitando no n&#237;vel certo quando sua frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca est&#225; na zona-alvo e voc&#234; ainda pode conversar confortavelmente.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,47</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">5. Comer mais carne e produtos l&#225;cteos &#233; uma boa maneira de adicionar mais fibras &#224; sua dieta.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,45</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">9. Alimentos preparados ou processados, como sopa enlatada e bacon, geralmente t&#234;m muito sal (s&#243;dio).</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,46</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">14. Gordura trans &#233; um tipo de gordura n&#227;o saud&#225;vel que &#233; frequentemente encontrado em alimentos cozidos ou fritos.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,56</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">20. Para ajudar a reduzir a press&#227;o arterial, coma alimentos saud&#225;veis com mais frequ&#234;ncia, como legumes, frutas e gr&#227;os integrais.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,38</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">1. A doen&#231;a card&#237;aca s&#243; acontece em pessoas idosas que fumam ou t&#234;m colesterol alto.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,52</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">3. Angina &#233; dor no peito ou desconforto no seu bra&#231;o, costas ou pesco&#231;o.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,39</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">6. Medicamentos como o &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico (AAS) ajudam a prevenir a forma&#231;&#227;o de co&#225;gulos sangu&#237;neos.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,44</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">2. Mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida, como uma alimenta&#231;&#227;o saud&#225;vel, podem diminuir suas chances de desenvolver doen&#231;as card&#237;acas.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,30</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">12. Para ajudar a controlar a press&#227;o arterial, coma menos sal e fa&#231;a exerc&#237;cios regularmente.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,56</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">16. Para controlar o colesterol, torne-se vegetariano e evite comer ovos.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,34</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">7. A &#250;nica maneira eficaz de gerenciar o estresse &#233; evitar pessoas que causem sentimentos desagrad&#225;veis.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,52</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">19. O estresse aumenta sua chance de ter um ataque card&#237;aco, tanto quanto a press&#227;o alta e diabetes.</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,32</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Vari&#226;ncia</td>
                  <td align="center">17,3</td>
                  <td align="center">11,1</td>
                  <td align="center">9,4</td>
                  <td align="center">8,2</td>
                  <td align="center">6,9</td>
                  <td align="center">6,6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Autovalores</td>
                  <td align="center">3,3</td>
                  <td align="center">1,6</td>
                  <td align="center">1,5</td>
                  <td align="center">1,2</td>
                  <td align="center">1,2</td>
                  <td align="center">1,1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Alfa de Cronbach</td>
                  <td align="center">0,73</td>
                  <td align="center">0,81</td>
                  <td align="center">0,79</td>
                  <td align="center">0,70</td>
                  <td align="center">0,71</td>
                  <td align="center">0,70</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN17">
                <p>(*) item culturalmente adaptado.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>A confiabilidade do teste-reteste foi avaliada atrav&#233;s do ICC para cada item, e os ICC para todos os itens atendem ao padr&#227;o m&#237;nimo recomendado. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; validade de construto, os escores totais do CADE-Q SV foram comparados pelo n&#237;vel de escolaridade do participante, renda familiar mensal e tempo de diagn&#243;stico. Como mostra a <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref>, os pacientes com menor n&#237;vel educacional apresentaram necessidades significativamente maiores do que aqueles com ensino superior (p &lt; 0,001), e os participantes sem renda ou com menos de 1 sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo tinham menor conhecimento do que os participantes que recebem 4 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos por m&#234;s ou mais (p &lt; 0,05). N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as em rela&#231;&#227;o ao tempo de diagn&#243;stico.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>O conhecimento dos pacientes cardiovasculares sobre sua condi&#231;&#227;o</title>
          <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref> exibe as m&#233;dias e desvios-padr&#227;o de cada item do CADE-Q SV, bem como as pontua&#231;&#245;es totais por &#225;rea. Itens com os maiores escores (ou seja, com a maior quantidade de respostas corretas) foram os seguintes: &#8220;para ajudar a controlar a press&#227;o arterial, comer menos sal e se exercitar regularmente', &#8220;o estresse aumenta sua chance de ter um ataque card&#237;aco, tanto quanto a press&#227;o alta e diabetes&#8221; e &#8220;para ajudar a reduzir a press&#227;o arterial, comer alimentos saud&#225;veis com mais frequ&#234;ncia, como legumes, frutas e gr&#227;os integrais&#8221;. Itens com o menor conhecimento (ou seja, itens com as pontua&#231;&#245;es mais baixas) foram os seguintes: &#8220;as medica&#231;&#245;es com estatina (como atorvastatina e sinvastatina) limitam a quantidade de colesterol que seu corpo absorve da comida&#8221;, &#8220;apneia do sono (pausa na respira&#231;&#227;o durante o sono) pode aumentar sua chance de ter outro ataque card&#237;aco&#8221; e &#8220;a &#250;nica maneira eficaz de controlar o estresse &#233; evitar pessoas que causam sentimentos desagrad&#225;veis&#8221;. A &#225;rea com maior conhecimento foi a de fatores de risco e a de menor conhecimento foi a de risco psicossocial. Os pacientes demoram cerca de 10 minutos para completar a ferramenta.</p>
          <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref> apresenta a pontua&#231;&#227;o total por caracter&#237;sticas do participante. Como mostrado, os pacientes que tiveram um infarto do mioc&#225;rdio ou arritmia tinham conhecimento significativamente maior do que seus colegas (p &lt; 0,05). Al&#233;m disso, os participantes mais jovens (ou seja, com menos de 65 anos) tinham conhecimento significativamente maior do que os participantes com 65 anos ou mais.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>A educa&#231;&#227;o &#233; um componente central da RC e do atendimento card&#237;aco e &#233; necess&#225;ria para promover a compreens&#227;o do paciente sobre estrat&#233;gias de preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria e ades&#227;o a essas estrat&#233;gias. Aqui, uma ferramenta curta e confi&#225;vel para avaliar o conhecimento de pacientes cardiovasculares - chamada CADE-Q SV - foi traduzida, adaptada culturalmente e validada psicometricamente por meio de um processo rigoroso. A consist&#234;ncia interna, a confiabilidade do teste-reteste, a validade do crit&#233;rio e a estrutura fatorial foram todas estabelecidas e demonstram a utilidade dessa ferramenta.</p>
        <p>Os resultados deste estudo foram consistentes com os apresentados na valida&#231;&#227;o original,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> particularmente em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; validade de crit&#233;rio (correla&#231;&#227;o com n&#237;vel educacional) e todas as &#225;reas consideradas internamente consistentes (&#945; &gt; 0,70). Nesta valida&#231;&#227;o, existem 6 fatores, embora a ferramenta tenha 5 &#225;reas. O novo fator foi chamado de &#8220;casos espec&#237;ficos&#8221; e incluiu quest&#245;es relacionadas a comorbidades e diagn&#243;stico espec&#237;fico que pode n&#227;o ser relevante para todos os pacientes cardiovasculares (por exemplo, diabetes e apneia do sono). Pacientes adultos aprendem com base em suas necessidades pessoais e, quando a informa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; relevante para eles, podem n&#227;o ter interesse em aprender sobre o assunto.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> Portanto, esses itens foram combinados em um fator e, em estudos futuros com a ferramenta, os pesquisadores devem sinalizar esses itens e ver se pacientes cardiovasculares com ou sem essas comorbidades ter&#227;o o mesmo conhecimento.</p>
        <p>A m&#233;dia geral, assim como as m&#233;dias das &#225;reas, foram baixas, refor&#231;ando a necessidade de estrat&#233;gias educativas para o ensino de pacientes cardiovasculares, o que tem sido refor&#231;ado em publica&#231;&#245;es sobre estrat&#233;gias de tratamento desses pacientes em pa&#237;ses de baixa e m&#233;dia renda.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Assim, as &#225;reas com maior conhecimento neste estudo (fatores de risco) foram diferentes das &#225;reas identificadas na valida&#231;&#227;o original (exerc&#237;cio e dieta).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> Esse resultado era esperado, uma vez que neste estudo administramos a pesquisa em pacientes ambulatoriais cardiovasculares, enquanto o estudo original foi com pacientes de RC.</p>
        <p>Pesquisas futuras s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para estabelecer ainda mais as propriedades psicom&#233;tricas da vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q SV. Em primeiro lugar, em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s estrat&#233;gias potenciais para educar pacientes cardiovasculares, deve-se determinar se a escala &#233; sens&#237;vel a mudan&#231;as (ou seja, a capacidade de resposta), como ap&#243;s RC ou programas educacionais. Em segundo lugar, existem outras propriedades de medida da escala que exigem avalia&#231;&#227;o, como validade de crit&#233;rio. Al&#233;m disso, a confiabilidade do teste-reteste foi realizada em 20 pacientes, e a literatura aponta que o n&#250;mero m&#237;nimo deve ser de 50<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>. Terceiro, o tipo de amostra e o fato de os participantes terem sido recrutados em apenas um local tamb&#233;m limitam este estudo. Portanto, o CADE-Q em portugu&#234;s deve ser administrado em outros programas de sa&#250;de e estados brasileiros, para garantir que &#233; adequado e tem um bom desempenho em contextos mais gerais. Finalmente, pesquisas futuras s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para avaliar se a escala &#233; sens&#237;vel a mudan&#231;as, como ap&#243;s a participa&#231;&#227;o na RC, ou para testar a implementa&#231;&#227;o de novos materiais educacionais. Segundo, se o CADE-Q SV for uma ferramenta valiosa e v&#225;lida para identificar diferen&#231;as de conhecimento em pacientes de RC, isso deve ser explorado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> Para este estudo, os pacientes n&#227;o receberam nenhum feedback sobre seus conhecimentos; no entanto, encorajamos m&#233;dicos e pesquisadores a fornecer isso aos pacientes.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>Em conclus&#227;o, a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q SV mostrou ter fortes propriedades psicom&#233;tricas, fornecendo evid&#234;ncias preliminares de sua validade e confiabilidade para avaliar o conhecimento de pacientes cardiovasculares no Brasil. Espera-se que esta ferramenta possa apoiar os prestadores de cuidados de sa&#250;de e programas de RC para avaliar o conhecimento dos seus pacientes na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica e promover uma maior oferta de estrat&#233;gias educacionais.</p>
        <p>O uso da vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CADE-Q SV para fins cl&#237;nicos e de pesquisa ser&#225; gratuito e todas as informa&#231;&#245;es - incluindo a ferramenta - est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis on-line em <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://cadeq.wordpress.com/">https://cadeq.wordpress.com/</ext-link>.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pela FAPEMIG e CNPq.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 1.350.973. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <ack>
        <title>Agradecimentos</title>
        <p>Gostar&#237;amos de agradecer aos alunos de gradua&#231;&#227;o Ully Caproni e Thiago Martins pela ajuda na coleta de dados deste estudo.</p>
      </ack>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
