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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Hh3Y4v5yCXsjqNd6bqkGrvQ</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001800784</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180199</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Prognostic Value and Clinical Use of Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy in Asymptomatic Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa Franco de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Carolina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Peclat</surname>
            <given-names>Thais</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bartholo</surname>
            <given-names>Caio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pavanelo</surname>
            <given-names>Thalita</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Ronaldo de Souza Le&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Clementino Fraga Filho</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Clementino Fraga Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Larissa Franco de Andrade</bold> Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255 - 8&#186;. Andar. Postal Code 21941-913, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil E-mail: <email>larifandrade@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Acquisition of data: Andrade LF, Sousa AC, Peclat T, Bartholo C, Pavanelo T; Analysis and interpretation of the data and Statistical analysis: Andrade LF, Lima RSL; Writing of the manuscript: Andrade LF; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Lima RSL.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>784</fpage>
      <lpage>793</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>The role of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) in the follow-up of asymptomatic patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not established.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To evaluate the prognostic value and clinical use of MPS in asymptomatic patients after PCI.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Patients who underwent MPS consecutively between 2008 and 2012 after PCI were selected. The MPS were classified as normal and abnormal, the perfusion scores, summed stress score (SSS), and summed difference score (SDS) were calculated and converted into percentage of total perfusion defect and ischemic defect. The follow-up was undertaken through telephone interviews and consultation with the Mortality Information System. Primary endpoints were death, cardiovascular death, and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and secondary endpoint was revascularization. Logistic regression and COX method were used to identify the predictors of events, and the value of p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>A total of 647 patients were followed for 5.2 &#177; 1.6 years. 47% of MPS were normal, 30% were abnormal with ischemia, and 23% were abnormal without ischemia. There were 61 deaths, 27 being cardiovascular, 19 non-fatal AMI, and 139 revascularizations. The annual death rate was higher in those with abnormal perfusion without ischemia compared to the groups with ischemia and normal perfusion (3.3% &#215; 2% &#215; 1.2%, p = 0.021). The annual revascularization rate was 10.3% in the ischemia group, 3.7% in those with normal MPS, and 3% in those with abnormal MPS without ischemia. The independent predictors of mortality and revascularization were, respectively, total perfusion defect greater than 6%, and ischemic defect greater than 3%. Forty-two percent of the patients underwent MPS less than 2 years after PCI, and no significant differences were observed in relation to those who underwent it after that period.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>Although this information is not contemplated in guidelines, in this study MPS was able to predict events in asymptomatic after PCI patients, regardless of when they were performed.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Revascularization</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart/diagnostic imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>The coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the world.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is currently the most commonly used method of coronary artery revascularization in all clinical settings of CAD.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> However, despite the technical and pharmacological changes in the last decades, patients undergoing percutaneous revascularization remain at risk of developing cardiovascular events, and the main mechanisms responsible for that are restenosis and progression of atherosclerotic disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Functional tests, including myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS), are recommended in the evaluation of patients who develop symptoms after PCI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> In the presence of significant ischemia, a new revascularization may be proposed. In contrast, in the follow-up of asymptomatic patients, although studies have demonstrated the ability of the MPS to predict future events,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> the guidelines do not recommend ordering routine functional tests in a period of less than 2 years, with their performance being acceptable only within this interval in specific subgroups, such as those undergoing incomplete revascularization or with prior silent ischemia, in whom a new approach is feasible.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The present study aims to evaluate the association between the clinical and scintigraphic data of asymptomatic patients submitted to MPS after PCI and the occurrence of outcomes; to estimate the prevalence of ischemia and its predictors; to evaluate the indications and MPS timing in these patients; and to compare the characteristics of the patients who underwent MPS befor and after two years of PCI.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Population</title>
        <p>Among the 6,698 MPS that were consecutively performed at the Cl&#237;nica de diagn&#243;stico por imagem in Rio de Janeiro from March 2008 to November 2012, 1,220 patient exams were identified as previously undergoing PCI. Of these, 322 were excluded because the patients had symptoms at the time of the exam, and 186 because they had already undergone a revascularization surgery. Forty-six patients underwent more than one exam in the period and, in those cases, only the first exam was considered. Thus, 647 patients were enrolled in the study, as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">figure 1</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Flow chart of patient selection. PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; MPS: myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-06-0784-80199-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, and each patient signed a consent form to include their information in the database, including clinical characteristics and the data of the examination.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Image protocol</title>
        <p>MPS were performed using the 2-day protocol. In the resting phase, a dose of 20mCi <sup>99</sup>mTc-sestamibi was injected with acquisition of the images after 30 to 40 minutes, and in the stress phase a dose of 20mCi of <sup>99</sup>mTc-sestamibi was injected during the exercise test or pharmacological stress test, and image acquisition was performed after 15 to 30 minutes. The physical and pharmacological stress protocols were performed as described in a previous study.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> MPS images were acquired through the gated-SPECT technique in the Ventri gamma-camera, GE Healthcare.</p>
        <p>The exams were classified as normal, or with reversible, fixed or mixed perfusion defects. The semi-quantitative visual analysis was independently performed by two cardiologists with extensive experience, through the standard 17-segment model, in which the quantification of radiotracer uptake was evaluated in each segment, graduated on a scale of 0 to 4, where 0 = normal uptake; 1 = slight reduction of uptake; 2 = moderate reduction of uptake, 3 = severe reduction of uptake; 4 = no uptake.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
        <p>The values attributed to each of the 17 segments were added in the stress phase, called summed stress score (SSS), and in the resting phase, called summed rest score (SRS). The difference between these two scores is called summed difference score (SDS), and represents the degree of transient reversibility. Abnormal MPS was defined by SSS &gt; 3, and abnormal MPS with ischemia by SDS &gt; 1. SSS and SDS were converted, respectively, into percent of total perfusion defect and ischemic defect by dividing the score by 68 (maximum value of the score) and then multiplying by 100. The ejection fraction (EF) and the left ventricular diastolic and systolic volumes were measured automatically using the software.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Follow-up</title>
        <p>Patients' follow-up was carried out through biannual telephone interviews and application of a standardized questionnaire. Deaths were confirmed consulting the Mortality Information System (SIM) database, and the basic cause of death was identified, and all those included in Chapter IX of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), which comprises the diseases of the circulatory system, were considered cardiovascular. Patients not contacted through telephone calls were considered alive if they were not found in the SIM database, but were considered as loss of follow-up in relation to the other outcomes. Primary endpoints were mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and nonfatal AMI, and surgical or percutaneous revascularization was considered a secondary endpoint.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>The analysis was performed in the SPSS statistical package version 23.0. Categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages and compared using the chi-square test. Numerical variables are presented as mean and standard deviation, or median and interquartile range, according to the normal distribution pattern assessed by the Kolmogorov-Sminorv test, and compared using Student's t-tests or Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate. Variables with statistical significance in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate model, using logistic regression and the COX model. Variables with significant correlations among them were excluded from the model. Survival curves of different subgroups were evaluated by the Kaplan Meier estimator and compared by the log-rank test. Statistical significance was defined as a value of p &lt; 0.05.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>A total of 647 patients was included and mean follow-up time was 5.2 &#177; 1.6 years for mortality analysis. In the analysis of the other outcomes, there was a loss of follow-up of 18 patients and the mean follow-up time was 3.9 &#177; 1.5 years. The analysis of the demographic characteristics of the population, as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>, revealed a mean age of 66.1 &#177; 10 years and a predominance of males. Arterial hypertension (AH) was the most frequent risk factor, followed by dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus (DM). Fifty-three percent had a previous history of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The 18 patients lost at follow-up were compared to 629 contacts and no statistically significant clinical differences were observed between the two groups.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Characteristics of the study population.</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="50%"/>
            <col width="50%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left"> Characteristics</th>
              <th align="center">N (%) or mean &#177; SD</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age (years), mean &#177; SD</td>
              <td align="center">66.1 &#177; 10</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male gender</td>
              <td align="center">464 (72%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Arterial hypertension</td>
              <td align="center">411 (64%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dyslipidemia</td>
              <td align="center">378 (58%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes Mellitus</td>
              <td align="center">189 (29%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous AMI</td>
              <td align="center">342 (53%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Current smoking</td>
              <td align="center">48 (7%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous smoking</td>
              <td align="center">204 (32%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Family history of CAD</td>
              <td align="center">193 (30%)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>
              <italic>SD: standard deviation; CAD: coronary artery disease; AMI: acute myocardial infarction.</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The median dates for prior PCI were March 2008, and 44% were performed in the context of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The interval between PCI and MPS was a median of 3 years, and was less than 2 years in 42% of the cases.</p>
      <p>Among the MPS indications, a control examination after PCI was the most frequent, reaching 75% of the cases. Incomplete revascularization was the second most common justification (12%), followed by preoperative evaluation (7%). The physical stress protocol was used in 59.5% of the exams. MPS were normal in 47% of patients, abnormal with no ischemia in 23%, and abnormal with ischemia in 30%. Previous AMI and incomplete revascularization as an indication of MPS were independently associated with the presence of ischemia, as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Predictors of ischemia</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left"> Characteristics</th>
              <th align="center">Univariate analysis OR (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center">p value</th>
              <th align="center">Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center">p value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age &gt; 70 years</td>
              <td align="center">0.36 (0.65 to 1.30)</td>
              <td align="center">0,489</td>
              <td align="center">0.82 (0.55 to 1.20)</td>
              <td align="center">0,309</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male gender</td>
              <td align="center">1.13 (0.78 to 1.63)</td>
              <td align="center">0,515</td>
              <td align="center">1.35 (0.89 to 2.05)</td>
              <td align="center">1,155</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes Mellitus</td>
              <td align="center">1.22 (0.85 to 1.76)</td>
              <td align="center">0,288</td>
              <td align="center">1.30 (0.88 to 1.93)</td>
              <td align="center">0,179</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous AMI</td>
              <td align="center">2.51 (1.77 to 3.59)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center">2.87 (1.60 to 5.13)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous PCI by ACS</td>
              <td align="center">1.90 (1.36 to 2.68)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center">0.71 (0.41 to 1.24)</td>
              <td align="center">0,229</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ejection fraction &lt; 50%</td>
              <td align="center">1.52 (1.08 to 2.16)</td>
              <td align="center">0,018</td>
              <td align="center">1.61 (0.78 to 1.71)</td>
              <td align="center">0,454</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Pharmacological stress</td>
              <td align="center">1.34 (0.95 to 1.89)</td>
              <td align="center">0,091</td>
              <td align="center">1.22 (0.84 to 1.78)</td>
              <td align="center">0,294</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">MPS indication, incomplete revascularization</td>
              <td align="center">3.43 (2,11 to 5.57)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center">2.99 (1.80 to 4.98)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>
              <italic>AMI: acute myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; MPS: myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>During follow-up, 61 deaths were recorded, of which 27 were due to cardiovascular causes. Mortality was higher among patients with abnormal MPS without ischemia, followed by the group with abnormal MPS with ischemia, and less found in the group with normal perfusion. The annual rate of death in each group was 3.3%, 2% and 1.2% respectively. Cardiovascular mortality followed the same pattern of incidence in the groups, with annual rates of 1.4%, 0.9% and 0.5%, respectively.</p>
      <p>There were 19 nonfatal AMI and this outcome was also more prevalent among those with abnormal MPS without ischemia compared to the other participants, but without statistical relevance.</p>
      <p>A total of 139 revascularizations was documented, 10 patients underwent coronary artery graft bypass surgery, 126 underwent PCI, and 3 underwent both. Among the groups, revascularization was more frequent among patients with ischemia, with an annual rate of 10.3%, and less expressive among patients with normal and abnormal perfusion without ischemia, with an annual rate of 3.7% and 3%, respectively. Data on the occurrence of outcomes according to the perfusion groups are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Outcomes according to perfusion</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left"> Endpoints</th>
              <th align="center">Normal</th>
              <th align="center">Abnormal with ischemia</th>
              <th align="center">Abnormal without ischemia</th>
              <th align="center">p value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Patients, n</td>
              <td align="center">304</td>
              <td align="center">193</td>
              <td align="center">150</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Death (61)</td>
              <td align="center">19 (6,3%)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (10,9%)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (14%)</td>
              <td align="center">0,021</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Cardiovascular death (27)</td>
              <td align="center">7 (2,3%)</td>
              <td align="center">9 (4,7%)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (7,3%)</td>
              <td align="center">0,064</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Patients, n</td>
              <td align="center">295</td>
              <td align="center">289</td>
              <td align="center">245</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Non-fatal AMI (19)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (3,4%)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (1,5%)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (4,1%)</td>
              <td align="center">0,855</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Revascularization (139)</td>
              <td align="center">52 (17,6%)</td>
              <td align="center">68 (36%)</td>
              <td align="center">19 (13,1%)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <p>
              <italic>AMI: acute myocardial infarction.</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>In the univariate analysis, including clinical and scintigraphic characteristics, age above 70 years, AH, DM, use of pharmacological stress protocol, indication of preoperative MPS, and total perfusion defect higher than 6% were considered predictors. After multivariate adjustment, with the exception of AH, the other variables emerged as independent predictors of death (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve stratified by ranges of total perfusion defect in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref> shows the direct relationship between the extent of the defect and mortality, especially when it reaches values greater than 6%.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Predictors of mortality</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left"> Characteristics</th>
              <th align="center">Univariate analysis HR (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center">p value</th>
              <th align="center">Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center">p value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age &gt; 70 years</td>
              <td align="center">4.27 (2.40 to 7.60)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center">3.40 (1.85 to 6.24)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Arterial Hypertension</td>
              <td align="center">2.26 (1.20 to 4.28)</td>
              <td align="center">0,010</td>
              <td align="center">1.48 (0.73 to 3.00)</td>
              <td align="center">0,276</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes Mellitus</td>
              <td align="center">3.50 (2,04 to 5.99)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center">2.37 (1.30 to 4.31)</td>
              <td align="center">0,004</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Preoperative MPS, indication</td>
              <td align="center">3.85 (1.88 to 7.90)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center">2.25 (1.02 to 4.98)</td>
              <td align="center">0,044</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Pharmacological stress</td>
              <td align="center">4.67 (2.56 to 8.50)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center">2.51 (1.35 to 4.67)</td>
              <td align="center">0,003</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">TPD &gt; 6%</td>
              <td align="center">2.40 (1.40 to 4.08)</td>
              <td align="center">0,001</td>
              <td align="center">2.33 (1.31 to 4.12)</td>
              <td align="center">0,004</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <p>
              <italic>MPS: myocardial perfusion scintigraphy; TPD: total perfusion defect.</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>A. A kaplan-Meier survival curve of mortality according to ranges of total perfusion defect (TPD). B. Kaplan-Meier survival curve of revascularization according to ranges of ischemia defect.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-06-0784-80199-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>The independent predictors of revascularization were incomplete revascularization as an indication for MPS, the interval between PCI and MPS of less than 2 years, and the ischemic defect greater than 3%, as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 5</xref>. The Kaplan-Meier curve that was stratified by ischemic defect ranges demonstrates the strong association between the extent of ischemia and the occurrence of the endpoint (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). The only factor independently associated with cardiovascular mortality was the total perfusion defect greater than 6%, and with non-fatal AMI was the presence of DM.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t5">
        <label>Table 5</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Predictors of revascularization</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left"> Characteristics</th>
              <th align="center">Univariate analysis OR (95%)</th>
              <th align="center">p value</th>
              <th align="center">Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center">p value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age &gt; 70 years</td>
              <td align="center">0.78 (0.52 to 1.16)</td>
              <td align="center">0,223</td>
              <td align="center">0.84 (0.55 to 1.28)</td>
              <td align="center">0,419</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes Mellitus</td>
              <td align="center">1.30 (0.87 to 1.95)</td>
              <td align="center">0,198</td>
              <td align="center">1.38 (0.89 to 2.15)</td>
              <td align="center">0,145</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous AMI</td>
              <td align="center">1.04 (0.71 to 1.52)</td>
              <td align="center">0,823</td>
              <td align="center">0.69 (0.45 to 1.06)</td>
              <td align="center">0,092</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">MPS indication, control</td>
              <td align="center">0.41 (0.27 to 0.61)</td>
              <td align="center">0,000</td>
              <td align="center">0.86 (0.46 to 1.63)</td>
              <td align="center">0,655</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">MPS indication, incomplete revascularization</td>
              <td align="center">4.80 (2.93 to 7.87)</td>
              <td align="center">0,000</td>
              <td align="center">3.55 (1.65 to 7.60)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">PCI-MPS Time &lt; 2y</td>
              <td align="center">1.51 (1.35 to 1.75)</td>
              <td align="center">0,001</td>
              <td align="center">1.55 (1.36 to 1.83)</td>
              <td align="center">0,005</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ischemic defect &gt; 3%</td>
              <td align="center">3.07 (2.09 to 4.64)</td>
              <td align="center">0,000</td>
              <td align="center">2.87 (1.83 to 451)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN5">
            <p>
              <italic>AMI: acute myocardial infarction; MPS: myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>When analyzing the group of patients with ischemia at MPS (n = 189), there was a greater presence of males (73% &#215; 63%, p = 0.031), a higher frequency of incomplete revascularization as an indication of the MPS (39% &#215; 14%, p = 0.02) and a higher prevalence of the interval prior PCI-CPM less than 2 years (54% &#215; 30%, p = 0.001) among those submitted to revascularization (36%), compared to the group that did not undergo intervention (64%). The extent of ischemic defect was greater among revascularized patients (7% &#215; 6%, p = 0.162), but different from expected, with no statistical significance. Similarly, mortality was lower among revascularized patients (9% &#215; 12%, p = 0.453), however, with no statistical value.</p>
      <p>When comparing the populations that underwent MPS in the interval of less than or more than 2 years after PCI, no significant clinical or scintigraphic differences were observed between them. Mortality in the follow-up period was also similar, as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Kaplan-Meier survival curve of mortality according to previous PCI-MPS interval shorter or longer than 2 years.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-06-0784-80199-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The use of MPS in the follow-up of asymptomatic patients after PCI has been studied in the last decades. The first studies evaluated the use of MPS in the first 6 months after the procedure;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> then, some authors tried to establish the use of this functional test later in this subgroup.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Most of the publications included patients who underwent MPS after fixed intervals following PCI, ranging from 4 months<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> to 60 months.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> In the current study, this interval varied from days to years, allowing assessment of the prognostic value of MPS when performed at varying intervals after percutaneous revascularization.</p>
      <p>In the present study, 647 patients were included and the mean follow-up time was 5.2 years. Previous studies have selected a smaller number of participants, ranging from 196<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> to 370 patients,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> and had less follow-up time, an average of 3 years. Regarding the population characteristics, the predominance of males and the mean age of 66 years were common to other publications, and consistent with data from the literature.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> In contrast, the prevalence of comorbidities was quite variable. The current study presented a higher frequency of diabetics. In addition, more than half of the participants had previous AMI, and the prevalence of AH pressure was close to those described above.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Such variations can be attributed to the use of different diagnostic definitions of pathologies. On the other hand, they may reflect the selection of populations with different severity profiles, thus with different prognostic aspects.</p>
      <p>Despite the lack of information on prior PCI, considering that only 11% of the procedures were performed before 2003, time at which drug-eluting stents were introduced, and that MPS exams were performed in a private clinic in patients with wide access to care, including 30% of diabetics, it is believed that the stents used in previous angioplasties have been almost entirely drug-eluting stents. In previous studies, patients were treated with balloon angioplasty and conventional stent implantation,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> with the exception of the study by Zellweger et al. in which 69% of the participants were treated with a drug-eluting stent.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Such findings should be taken into account in the interpretation of outcomes, because after the advent of drug-eluting stents, there was a decrease in the incidence of early and late complications of the procedure and, consequently, in the occurrence of events.</p>
      <p>Although the current guidelines<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> do not indicate routine functional tests, especially in the period of less than 2 years in asymptomatic patients after PCI, in the present study, 42% of MPS were performed within less than 2 years after PCI, and the control examination was the most frequent indication, independent of the period. Similarly, Luca et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> in an observational study including 12,380 patients undergoing PCI in Canada from 2004 to 2012, and Shah et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> in a study including 21046 patients undergoing percutaneous revascularization between 2004 and 2007 in the USA, observed that 60% and 61%, respectively, underwent at least one functional test within a 2-year period.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> One possible justification for functional evaluation to remain a frequent clinical practice among asymptomatic patients after PCI is the lack of robust information about the theme that defines the correct management of these patients, and the fact that the current recommendations are based on the opinion of specialists.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The prevalence of 30% of ischemia among patients was higher than that found in previous studies. Zellweger et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> detected ischemia in 19% of patients after 60 months of PCI, and Rajagopal et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> in 23% of those evaluated after 3.9 months. The exception was the study by Galassi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> which included only patients known to undergo incomplete revascularization and, as expected, detected more abnormal perfusions. Similar to previous studies,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> incomplete revascularization as an indication of MPS and the presence of previous AMI were considered independent predictors of ischemia. In contrast, the presence of DM was not independently associated with ischemia, as described by other authors. One possible explanation, given that all patients are asymptomatic, is the valorization of the presence of comorbidity leading to a higher indication of exams. Seventy percent of the diabetics in this study had indication of control MPS.</p>
      <p>Previous studies that analyzed the role of MPS in the follow-up after percutaneous revascularization used the composite endpoint model, which impaired the comparison of the results. It should be noted that the evaluation of events separately, as performed in this study, is important because the endpoints analyzed (death, cardiovascular death, non-fatal AMI and revascularization) have different clinical relevance and occurred at different frequencies in all the studies described.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The mortality rate observed was 2% per year, comparable to the rate described by Leon et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> in the 5-year follow-up of patients treated with conventional and drug-eluting stents. However, comparing the different perfusion groups, patients with abnormal MPS without ischemia had a mortality rate of 3.3% per year, higher than that found in patients with abnormal perfusion with ischemia and normal perfusion, respectively, 2% and 1.2%. In addition, the extent of the total perfusion defect was independently associated with death when greater than 6%.</p>
      <p>In the evaluation of other variables, age greater than 70 years was considered an independent predictor of mortality, which is expected in the natural evolution of coronary disease. Likewise, the presence of DM was associated with a higher risk of death, similar to data in the literature that showed a more diffuse atherosclerotic involvement among diabetics and a higher propensity to develop restenosis after percutaneous intervention, thus leading to greater mortality in the long term.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Acampa et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> had emphasized that patients undergoing pharmacological stress had a higher age group and a higher prevalence of clinical predictors of ischemia compared to those who underwent physical stress, and, therefore, had a poorer prognosis. Similarly, in the current study, the pharmacological stress protocol was used in 70% of the patients who died and was significantly associated with the endpoint risk. Aspects related to MPS indications also directly influenced the results, with a preoperative examination being associated with a greater chance of death. One possible justification for such finding is the risk inherent to the surgical procedure itself, and the potential severity of the underlying pathology. This variable was not addressed by the other studies already cited.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Although they were not included in the multivariate analysis because of a strong correlation with perfusion scores, the presence of prior AMI and lower EF values were more frequently found among those who died, respectively, 69% &#215; 51%, p = 0.009 and 47 &#177; 16 &#215; 54 &#177; 12, p = 0.001. Other studies had already demonstrated the impact of ventricular function on survival of patients with coronary artery disease, among which the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) is highlighted, which observed an inverse relationship between EF and mortality. In this register, survival rates after 12 years of follow-up of coronary arteries disease with EF &#8805; 50%, between 35 and 49% and &lt; 35% were, respectively, 73%, 54% and 21% (p = 0,001).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Similar to what was found in the mortality analysis, the outcomes of cardiovascular mortality and non-fatal AMI had a higher incidence in the group with abnormal perfusion without ischemia compared to the others. The absence of statistical significance may be justified by the small number of events, but certainly does not compromise the importance of the findings, especially cardiovascular mortality with p= 0.064, close to what is considered relevant. The only factor independently associated with cardiovascular mortality was the total perfusion defect greater than 6%, and to non-fatal AMI was the presence of DM. Georgoulias et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> after an 8-year follow-up of 246 asymptomatic patients undergoing CPM after PCI, also observed that the occurrence of the composite endpoint, cardiovascular death, and non-fatal AMI was greater the greater the extent of the total perfusion defect.</p>
      <p>The annual rate of endpoint revascularization was 4.6%, more significant during the 1<sup>st</sup> year of follow-up compared to that found in subsequent years, 11.9% &#215; 3.4%, respectively. Leon et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> observed similar results, 20.4% of patients treated with conventional stents, and 11.2% of those treated with drug-eluting stents underwent a new approach in the 1<sup>st</sup> year of follow-up; then, the annual rate of revascularization was a constant of 3.5% between the 2<sup>(nd)</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> years. In view of these findings, it should be pointed out that, as suggested by Leon et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> the events taking place in the first year seem to be related to the initial procedure, with markedly reduced rates of conventional therapy to pharmacological therapy, whereas later revascularizations reflect the progression of disease, with constant rate, regardless of the type of stent used.</p>
      <p>Zellweger et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> in the follow-up of patients undergoing percutaneous intervention, demonstrated that the cumulative rate of composite outcome was statistically higher among patients with ischemia than those without ischemia at MPS, and revascularization corresponded to 65% of these events. Similarly, Galassi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> in a cohort consisting of asymptomatic patients submitted to incomplete percutaneous revascularization, reported that 42% of the participants performed a new approach at the mean follow-up of 33 months, and that the extent of ischemia in the MPS performed 4 to 6 months after the procedure was a predictor of this outcome.</p>
      <p>In the current study, in addition to the presence and extent of ischemia, incomplete revascularization as an indication of MPS and the interval between percutaneous intervention and MPS before 2 years were also significantly associated with revascularization. These results suggest that the decision for the new approach was probably influenced by the initial procedure. This hypothesis was reinforced when it was observed that in the group of patients with ischemia, among the 36% who underwent the new revascularization, there was a predominance of males and, again, incomplete revascularization as an indication of MPS, and of the interval between PCI and MPS of less than 2 years.</p>
      <p>The extent of ischemia was also higher among those referred to repeated revascularization, but, unlike expected, this finding was not statistically significant. It is possible that in some cases the presence and not the extent of ischemia has been a variable with greater impact in the decision making for revascularization. Regarding male gender, it shows a higher prevalence of coronary disease and greater precocity in the event occurrence; this may have contributed to the valorization of the findings and the indication of approach in the patients of this gender.</p>
      <p>Aldweib et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> in the evaluation of 769 asymptomatic patients previously undergoing PCI with ischemia in MPS, subsequently referred for drug therapy or revascularization, found greater extent of ischemia and greater presence of DM among the revascularized patients. Different from the current study, the interval between PCI and MPS was similar between the groups and the presence of incomplete revascularization was not mentioned. After an average of 5.7 years, mortality rates were similar in the two treatment groups (p = 0.84).</p>
      <p>In our study, the mortality among those who revascularized was lower than those who received clinical treatment (9% &#215; 12%), but with no statistical significance. Although this study was not designed for this purpose, and the possible impairment of the statistical analysis due to the small number of events, it is worth questioning whether the patients referred to the new revascularization would not be at greater risk and after the procedure had this risk matched to the ones targeted for clinical treatment.</p>
      <p>Although the current literature recommends the functional evaluation of asymptomatic patients after PCI only after 2 years,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> in the present study, the clinical features and results of MPS, including perfusion findings, were similar among patients who underwent MPS in the smallest interval and in the one greater than 2 years. In this selected population, the delimitation currently recommended in 2 years did not separate distinct populations.</p>
      <p>Although incomplete revascularization is a satisfactory solution when the culprit lesion is identified and has a favorable anatomy for percutaneous approach, especially in the context of ACS, patients with remaining lesions need to be monitored and stratified, regardless of the presence of symptoms. In the present study, in this scenario MPS was shown to be a tool used in clinical practice capable of providing incremental prognostic information about the occurrence of events, directly interfering with the decision to indicate new revascularization.</p>
      <p>Previous studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> that performed MPS in the follow-up of patients previously undergoing percutaneous revascularization described an excellent prognosis associated with normal perfusion, with an annual event rate of less than 1%. Similarly, in the current study, at the mean follow-up of 5 years, among patients with normal perfusion, the annual mortality rate was 1%, and cardiovascular mortality was 0.5%, characterizing this group as low risk.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limitations</title>
        <p>This is a single center retrospective study in which the patients were referred to the clinic for MPS at the recommendation of their attending physician. Therefore, extrapolation of the results should be done with caution.</p>
        <p>Another limitation is the lack of information on the type of stent used in the prior revascularization procedure in most patients. However, considering that only 11% of the procedures were performed before 2003, at which time drug-eluting stents were introduced, and that the population was selected in a private clinic that mainly serves complementary health users with a DM prevalence of 30 %, it is believed that the stents used have been mostly drug-eluting ones.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>In this study, MPS performed in asymptomatic patients after various periods of PCI was able to provide future prognostic information, the extent of the total perfusion defect was associated with a higher mortality rate and cardiovascular death, the presence and extent of ischemia were associated with higher rate of revascularization, while normal perfusion lead to an excellent prognosis with a low rate of events at the mean follow-up of 5 years.</p>
      <p>In spite of the recommendations of the guidelines, in this study, 42% of MPS were performed within less than 2 years after PCI and no relevant clinical differences were observed in relation to those who performed after this period.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Larissa Franco de Andrade, from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Universit&#225;rio Clementino Fraga Filho under the protocol number 1643951. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Valor Progn&#243;stico e o uso Cl&#237;nico da Cintilografia de Perfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica em Pacientes Assintom&#225;ticos ap&#243;s Interven&#231;&#227;o Coronariana Percut&#226;nea</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa Franco de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Carolina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Peclat</surname>
            <given-names>Thais</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bartholo</surname>
            <given-names>Caio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pavanelo</surname>
            <given-names>Thalita</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Ronaldo de Souza Le&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Clementino Fraga Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Larissa Franco de Andrade</bold> Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255 - 8&#186;. Andar. CEP 21941-913, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil E-mail: <email>larifandrade@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Andrade LF, Sousa AC, Peclat T, Bartholo C, Pavanelo T; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Andrade LF, Lima RSL; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Andrade LF; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Lima RSL.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamentos:</title>
          <p>O papel da cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CPM) no seguimento de pacientes assintom&#225;ticos ap&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea (ICP) n&#227;o est&#225; estabelecido.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos.</title>
          <p>Avaliar o valor progn&#243;stico e o uso cl&#237;nico da CPM em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos ap&#243;s ICP.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Foram selecionados pacientes que realizaram CPM consecutivamente entre 2008 e 2012 ap&#243;s ICP. As CPM foram classificadas em normais e anormais, os escores de perfus&#227;o, escore somado do estresse (SSS) e escore somado da diferen&#231;a (SDS) foram calculados e convertidos em porcentagem de defeito perfusional total e de defeito isqu&#234;mico. O seguimento foi por meio de entrevistas telef&#244;nicas e consulta ao Sistema de Informa&#231;&#227;o de Mortalidade. Desfechos prim&#225;rios foram morte, morte cardiovascular e infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) n&#227;o fatal e desfecho secund&#225;rio foi revasculariza&#231;&#227;o. Regress&#227;o log&#237;stica e m&#233;todo de COX foram utilizados para identificar os preditores de eventos e o valor de p &lt; 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>647 pacientes foram acompanhados por 5,2 &#177; 1,6 anos. 47% das CPM foram normais, 30% anormais com isquemia e 23% anormais sem isquemia. Ocorreram 61 mortes, 27 cardiovasculares, 19 IAM n&#227;o fatais e 139 revasculariza&#231;&#245;es. A taxa anual de &#243;bitos foi superior naqueles com perfus&#227;o anormal sem isquemia comparada aos grupos com isquemia e perfus&#227;o normal (3,3% &#215; 2% &#215; 1,2%, p = 0,021). A taxa anual de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o foi 10,3% no grupo com isquemia, 3,7% naqueles com CPM normal e 3% naqueles com CPM anormal sem isquemia. Foram preditores independentes de mortalidade e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o, respectivamente, defeito perfusional total maior que 6% e defeito isqu&#234;mico maior que 3%. Quarenta e dois por cento dos pacientes realizaram CPM menos de 2 anos ap&#243;s ICP e n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as relevantes em rela&#231;&#227;o aos que realizaram ap&#243;s esse per&#237;odo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Embora esta informa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o esteja contemplada em diretrizes, neste estudo a CPM foi capaz de predizer eventos em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos ap&#243;s ICP, independente do momento de realiza&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Cora&#231;&#227;o/diagn&#243;stico por imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) constitui a principal causa de morte no mundo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> A interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP) &#233; atualmente o m&#233;todo de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio mais empregado em todos os cen&#225;rios cl&#237;nicos da DAC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Entretanto, apesar dos avan&#231;os t&#233;cnicos e farmacol&#243;gicos ocorridos nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, os pacientes submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea permanecem sob risco de desenvolver eventos cardiovasculares e os principais mecanismos respons&#225;veis s&#227;o a reestenose e a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Os testes funcionais, incluindo a cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CPM), s&#227;o recomendados na avalia&#231;&#227;o de pacientes que desenvolvem sintomas ap&#243;s a ICP.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Na presen&#231;a de isquemia significativa, uma nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o pode ser aventada. Em contrapartida, no seguimento de pacientes assintom&#225;ticos, apesar de estudos terem demonstrado a capacidade da CPM de predizer eventos futuros,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> as diretrizes n&#227;o recomendam a solicita&#231;&#227;o de testes funcionais de rotina no per&#237;odo inferior a 2 anos, sendo aceit&#225;vel a sua realiza&#231;&#227;o nesse intervalo apenas em subgrupos espec&#237;ficos, como naqueles submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta ou com passado de isquemia silenciosa, nos quais uma nova abordagem &#233; vi&#225;vel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O estudo atual tem como objetivos avaliar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre os fatores cl&#237;nicos e cintilogr&#225;ficos dos pacientes assintom&#225;ticos submetidos &#224; CPM ap&#243;s ICP e a ocorr&#234;ncia de desfechos, estimar a preval&#234;ncia de isquemia e seus preditores, avaliar as indica&#231;&#245;es e o momento de realiza&#231;&#227;o da CPM nesses pacientes e comparar as caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes que realizaram CPM no intervalo inferior e superior a 2 anos ap&#243;s a ICP.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Popula&#231;&#227;o</title>
          <p>Entre as 6.698 CPM realizadas de forma consecutiva na Cl&#237;nica de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem no Rio de Janeiro entre mar&#231;o de 2008 e novembro de 2012, foram identificados 1.220 exames de pacientes previamente submetidos &#224; ICP. Desses, 322 foram exclu&#237;dos pois os pacientes apresentavam sintomas no momento da sua realiza&#231;&#227;o e 186 por j&#225; terem sido submetidos &#224; cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o. Quarenta e seis pacientes fizeram mais de um exame no per&#237;odo e, nesses casos, apenas o primeiro exame foi considerado. Assim, 647 pacientes constitu&#237;ram a amostra do estudo, como demonstrado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Fluxograma de sele&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes. CPM: cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica; ICP: interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea; CRVM: cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-06-0784-80199-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica e Pesquisa do Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho e cada paciente assinou um termo de consentimento para inclus&#227;o de suas informa&#231;&#245;es no banco de dados, incluindo caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e os dados do exame.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Protocolo das imagens</title>
          <p>As CPM foram realizadas utilizando o protocolo de 2 dias. Na fase de repouso foi injetada uma dose de 20 mCi <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi com aquisi&#231;&#227;o das imagens ap&#243;s 30 a 40 minutos, e na fase de estresse foi injetada uma dose de 20 mCi de <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi durante o teste ergom&#233;trico ou estresse farmacol&#243;gico e realizada aquisi&#231;&#227;o das imagens ap&#243;s 15 a 30 minutos. Os protocolos de estresse f&#237;sico e farmacol&#243;gico foram executados conforme descrito em estudo pr&#233;vio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> As imagens da CPM foram adquiridas pela t&#233;cnica de gated-SPECT em gama c&#226;mara Ventri, GE Healthcare.</p>
          <p>Os exames foram classificados como normais ou com defeitos de perfus&#227;o revers&#237;veis, fixos ou mistos. A an&#225;lise visual semiquantitativa foi realizada por dois cardiologistas com ampla experi&#234;ncia, de forma independente, por meio do escore padr&#227;o de 17 segmentos, no qual a quantifica&#231;&#227;o da capta&#231;&#227;o do radiotra&#231;ador foi avaliada em cada segmento, de forma graduada em uma escala de 0 a 4, sendo 0 = capta&#231;&#227;o normal; 1 = leve redu&#231;&#227;o da capta&#231;&#227;o; 2 = moderada redu&#231;&#227;o da capta&#231;&#227;o, 3 = grave redu&#231;&#227;o da capta&#231;&#227;o; 4 = aus&#234;ncia de capta&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Os valores atribu&#237;dos a cada um dos 17 segmentos foram adicionados na fase de estresse, denominado escore somado do estresse (SSS) e na fase de repouso, denominado escore somado de repouso (SRS). A diferen&#231;a entre esses dois escores &#233; denominada escore somado da diferen&#231;a (SDS) e representa o grau de reversibilidade transit&#243;ria. CPM anormal foi definida pelo SSS&gt;3 e CPM anormal com isquemia pelo SDS&gt;1. SSS e SDS foram convertidos, respectivamente, em porcentagem de defeito perfusional total e de defeito isqu&#234;mico dividindo o escore por 68 (valor m&#225;ximo do escore) e, em seguida, multiplicando por 100. A fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (FE) e os volumes diast&#243;lico e sist&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo foram medidos de forma autom&#225;tica utilizando o <italic>software</italic>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Seguimento</title>
          <p>O seguimento dos pacientes foi realizado por meio de entrevistas telef&#244;nicas semestrais e aplica&#231;&#227;o de question&#225;rio padronizado. Os &#243;bitos foram confirmados por consulta &#224; base de dados do Sistema de Informa&#231;&#245;es de Mortalidade (SIM), sendo identificada a causa b&#225;sica de morte e considerada cardiovascular todas aquelas inclu&#237;das no cap&#237;tulo IX da Classifica&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Doen&#231;as (CID-10), que engloba as doen&#231;as do aparelho circulat&#243;rio. Os pacientes n&#227;o contatados por meio de liga&#231;&#245;es foram considerados vivos se n&#227;o encontrados no banco de dados do SIM, por&#233;m foram considerados como perda de seguimento em rela&#231;&#227;o aos demais desfechos. Os desfechos prim&#225;rios foram mortalidade, mortalidade cardiovascular e IAM n&#227;o fatal, e a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica ou percut&#226;nea foi considerada desfecho secund&#225;rio.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>A an&#225;lise foi realizada no programa SPSS vers&#227;o 23.0. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas s&#227;o apresentadas como frequ&#234;ncias e percentagens e comparadas utilizando o teste qui-quadrado. As vari&#225;veis num&#233;ricas s&#227;o apresentadas como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o ou mediana e intervalo interquartil, de acordo com o padr&#227;o de distribui&#231;&#227;o de normalidade avaliado pelo teste de <italic>Kolmogorov-Sminorv</italic>, e comparadas utilizando testes <italic>t</italic> de <italic>Student</italic> ou teste de <italic>Mann-Whitney</italic>, conforme apropriado. Vari&#225;veis com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica na an&#225;lise univariada foram inclu&#237;das no modelo multivariado, utilizando a regress&#227;o log&#237;stica e o modelo de COX. Vari&#225;veis com correla&#231;&#245;es significativas entre si foram exclu&#237;das do modelo. Curvas de sobrevida de diferentes subgrupos foram avaliadas pelo estimador de Kaplan Meier e comparadas entre si pelo teste <italic>logrank</italic>. Signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi definida como um valor de p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos 647 pacientes e o tempo m&#233;dio de seguimento foi de 5,2 &#177; 1,6 anos para an&#225;lise da mortalidade. Na an&#225;lise dos demais desfechos, houve perda de seguimento de 18 pacientes e o tempo m&#233;dio de acompanhamento foi de 3,9 &#177; 1,5 anos. A an&#225;lise das caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas da popula&#231;&#227;o, conforme demonstrado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 1</xref>, revelou m&#233;dia de idade de 66,1 &#177; 10 anos e predom&#237;nio do sexo masculino. A hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS) foi o fator de risco mais frequente, seguido de dislipidemia e diabetes melito (DM). Cinquenta e tr&#234;s por cento apresentavam hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM). Os 18 pacientes perdidos no seguimento foram comparados aos 629 contatados e n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as cl&#237;nicas estatisticamente significantes entre os dois grupos.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="50%"/>
              <col width="50%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left"> Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                <th align="center">N (%) ou m&#233;dia &#177; DP</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade (anos), m&#233;dia &#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">66,1 &#177; 10</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo masculino</td>
                <td align="center">464 (72%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o arterial</td>
                <td align="center">411 (64%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">378 (58%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes melito</td>
                <td align="center">189 (29%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">342 (53%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tabagismo atual</td>
                <td align="center">48 (7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tabagismo pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">204 (32%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hist&#243;ria familiar de DAC</td>
                <td align="center">193 (30%)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <p>
                <italic>DP: desvio padr&#227;o; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A mediana das datas das ICP pr&#233;vias foi mar&#231;o de 2008 e 44% foram realizados no contexto de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA). O intervalo de entre a ICP e a CPM obteve mediana de 3 anos e foi inferior a 2 anos em 42% dos casos.</p>
        <p>Entre as indica&#231;&#245;es da CPM, a realiza&#231;&#227;o de exame de controle ap&#243;s ICP foi a mais frequente, chegando a 75% dos casos. A revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta foi a segunda justificativa mais comum (12%), seguida de avalia&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria (7%). O protocolo de estresse f&#237;sico foi o utilizado em 59,5% dos exames. As CPM foram normais em 47% dos pacientes, anormais sem isquemia em 23% e anormais com isquemia em 30%. IAM pr&#233;vio e a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta como indica&#231;&#227;o da CPM estiveram associados de forma independente &#224; presen&#231;a de isquemia, como mostra a <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 2</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Preditores de isquemia</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left"> Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                <th align="center">An&#225;lise univariante OR (95% CI)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                <th align="center">An&#225;lise multivariada OR (95% CI)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade &gt; 70 anos</td>
                <td align="center">0,36 (0,65 a 1,30)</td>
                <td align="center">0,489</td>
                <td align="center">0,82 (0,55 a 1,20)</td>
                <td align="center">0,309</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo masculino</td>
                <td align="center">1,13 (0,78 a 1,63)</td>
                <td align="center">0,515</td>
                <td align="center">1,35 (0,89 a 2,05)</td>
                <td align="center">1,155</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes melito</td>
                <td align="center">1,22 (0,85 a 1,76)</td>
                <td align="center">0,288</td>
                <td align="center">1,30 (0,88 a 1,93)</td>
                <td align="center">0,179</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">2,51 (1,77 a 3,59)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td align="center">2,87 (1,60 a 5,13)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ICP pr&#233;via por SCA</td>
                <td align="center">1,90 (1,36 a 2,68)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td align="center">0,71 (0,41 a 1,24)</td>
                <td align="center">0,229</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o &lt; 50%</td>
                <td align="center">1,52 (1,08 a 2,16)</td>
                <td align="center">0,018</td>
                <td align="center">1,61 (0,78 a 1,71)</td>
                <td align="center">0,454</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Estresse farmacol&#243;gico</td>
                <td align="center">1,34 (0,95 a 1,89)</td>
                <td align="center">0,091</td>
                <td align="center">1,22 (0,84 a 1,78)</td>
                <td align="center">0,294</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Indica&#231;&#227;o CPM: revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta</td>
                <td align="center">3,43 (2,11 a 5,57)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td align="center">2,99 (1,80 a 4,98)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN7">
              <p>
                <italic>IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; ICP: interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea; SCA: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda; CPM: cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Durante o seguimento, foram registradas 61 mortes, sendo 27 por causas cardiovasculares. A mortalidade foi maior entre os pacientes com CPM anormal sem isquemia, seguido pelo grupo com CPM anormal com isquemia, e menos encontrada no grupo com perfus&#227;o normal, sendo a taxa anual de &#243;bitos em cada grupo, respectivamente, 3,3%, 2% e 1,2%. A mortalidade cardiovascular seguiu o mesmo padr&#227;o de incid&#234;ncia nos grupos, com taxa anual de 1,4%, 0,9% e 0,5%, respectivamente.</p>
        <p>Ocorreram 19 IAM n&#227;o fatais e esse desfecho tamb&#233;m foi mais prevalente entre aqueles com CPM anormal sem isquemia comparado aos demais participantes, por&#233;m sem relev&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica.</p>
        <p>Foram documentadas 139 revasculariza&#231;&#245;es, 10 pacientes realizaram cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, 126 foram submetidos &#224; ICP e 3 realizaram ambas. Entre os grupos, a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o foi mais frequente entre os pacientes com isquemia, com taxa anual de 10,3%, e menos expressiva entre os pacientes com perfus&#227;o normal e anormal sem isquemia, nos quais teve taxa anual de 3,7% e 3%, respectivamente. Os dados sobre a ocorr&#234;ncia dos desfechos de acordo com os grupos de perfus&#227;o est&#227;o demonstrados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 3</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Desfechos de acordo com perfus&#227;o</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="100%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left"> Desfechos</th>
                <th align="center">Normal</th>
                <th align="center">Anormal com isquemia</th>
                <th align="center">Anormal sem isquemia</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pacientes, n</td>
                <td align="center">304</td>
                <td align="center">193</td>
                <td align="center">150</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Morte (61)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (6,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (10,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (14%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,021</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Morte cardiovascular (27)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (2,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (4,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (7,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,064</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pacientes, n</td>
                <td align="center">295</td>
                <td align="center">289</td>
                <td align="center">245</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM n&#227;o fatal (19)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (3,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (1,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (4,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,855</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o (139)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (17,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">68 (36%)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (13,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="5">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <p>
                <italic>IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Na an&#225;lise univariada, incluindo caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e cintilogr&#225;ficas, foram considerados preditores de mortalidade idade maior que 70 anos, HAS, DM, utiliza&#231;&#227;o do protocolo de estresse farmacol&#243;gico, indica&#231;&#227;o da CPM de avalia&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria e defeito perfusional total maior que 6%. Ap&#243;s ajuste multivariado, com exce&#231;&#227;o da HAS, as demais vari&#225;veis emergiram como preditores independentes de morte (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t9">Tabela 4</xref>). A curva de Sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier estratificada por faixas do defeito perfusional total na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref> revela a rela&#231;&#227;o direta entre a extens&#227;o do defeito e a mortalidade, em especial, quando o mesmo atinge valores maiores que 6%.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t9">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Preditores de mortalidade</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left"> Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                <th align="center">An&#225;lise univariada HR (95% CI)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                <th align="center">An&#225;lise multivariada HR (95% CI)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade &gt; 70 anos</td>
                <td align="center">4,27 (2,40 a 7,60)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td align="center">3,40 (1,85 a 6,24)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o arterial</td>
                <td align="center">2,26 (1,20 a 4,28)</td>
                <td align="center">0,010</td>
                <td align="center">1,48 (0,73 a 3,00)</td>
                <td align="center">0,276</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes melito</td>
                <td align="center">3,50 (2,04 a 5,99)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td align="center">2,37 (1,30 a 4,31)</td>
                <td align="center">0,004</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Indica&#231;&#227;o CPM: pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio</td>
                <td align="center">3,85 (1,88 a 7,90)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td align="center">2,25 (1,02 a 4,98)</td>
                <td align="center">0,044</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Estresse farmacol&#243;gico</td>
                <td align="center">4,67 (2,56 a 8,50)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td align="center">2,51 (1,35 a 4,67)</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DPT &gt; 6%</td>
                <td align="center">2,40 (1,40 a 4,08)</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
                <td align="center">2,33 (1,31 a 4,12)</td>
                <td align="center">0,004</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN9">
              <p>
                <italic>CPM: cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica; DPT: defeito perfusional total.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>
          <fig id="f5">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>A. Curva de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier de mortalidade de acordo com faixas do defeito perfusional total ( DPT). B. Curva de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de acordo com faixas de extens&#227;o de isquemia.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-06-0784-80199-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Os preditores independentes de nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o foram a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta como indica&#231;&#227;o da CPM, o intervalo entre a ICP e a CPM menor que 2 anos e o defeito isqu&#234;mico maior que 3%, como mostra a <xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Tabela 5</xref>. A curva de Kaplan-Meier estratificada por faixas do defeito isqu&#234;mico demonstra a forte associa&#231;&#227;o entre a extens&#227;o da isquemia e a ocorr&#234;ncia do desfecho (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref>). O &#250;nico fator associado de forma independente &#224; mortalidade cardiovascular foi o defeito perfusional total maior que 6% e ao IAM n&#227;o fatal foi a presen&#231;a de DM.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t10">
          <label>Tabela 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Preditores de resvaculariza&#231;&#227;o</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left"> Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                <th align="center">An&#225;lise univariada OR (95%)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                <th align="center">An&#225;lise multivariada OR (95% CI)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade &gt; 70 anos</td>
                <td align="center">0,78 (0,52 a 1,16)</td>
                <td align="center">0,223</td>
                <td align="center">0,84 (0,55 a 1,28)</td>
                <td align="center">0,419</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes melito</td>
                <td align="center">1,30 (0,87 a 1,95)</td>
                <td align="center">0,198</td>
                <td align="center">1,38 (0,89 a 2,15)</td>
                <td align="center">0,145</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">1,04 (0,71 a 1,52)</td>
                <td align="center">0,823</td>
                <td align="center">0,69 (0,45 a 1,06)</td>
                <td align="center">0,092</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Indica&#231;&#227;o CPM: controle</td>
                <td align="center">0,41 (0,27 a 0,61)</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">0,86 (0,46 a 1,63)</td>
                <td align="center">0,655</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Indica&#231;&#227;o CPM: revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta</td>
                <td align="center">4,80 (2,93 a 7,87)</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">3,55 (1,65 a 7,60)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo ICP-CPM &lt; 2a</td>
                <td align="center">1,51 (1,35 a 1,75)</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
                <td align="center">1,55 (1,36 a 1,83)</td>
                <td align="center">0,005</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Defeito isqu&#234;mico &gt; 3%</td>
                <td align="center">3,07 (2,09 a 4,64)</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">2,87 (1,83 a 451)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN10">
              <p>
                <italic>IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; CPM: cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Ao analisar o grupo de pacientes com isquemia na CPM (n = 189), observou-se entre aqueles submetidos &#224; nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o (36%), maior presen&#231;a do sexo masculino (73% &#215; 63%, p = 0,031), maior frequ&#234;ncia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta como indica&#231;&#227;o da CPM (39% &#215; 14%, p = 0,02) e maior preval&#234;ncia do intervalo entre a ICP pr&#233;via e a CPM menor que 2 anos (54% &#215; 30%, p = 0,001), comparado ao grupo que n&#227;o sofreu a interven&#231;&#227;o (64%). A extens&#227;o do defeito isqu&#234;mico foi maior entre os pacientes revascularizados (7% &#215; 6%, p = 0,162), por&#233;m, diferente do esperado, sem signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica. De forma semelhante, a mortalidade foi menor entre os revascularizados (9% &#215; 12%, p = 0,453), entretanto, sem valor estat&#237;stico.</p>
        <p>Ao comparar as popula&#231;&#245;es que realizaram CPM no intervalo inferior e superior a 2 anos ap&#243;s a ICP, n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as cl&#237;nicas ou cintilogr&#225;ficas significativas entre as mesmas. A mortalidade no per&#237;odo de seguimento tamb&#233;m foi semelhante, como demonstrado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f6">
            <label>Figura 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Curva de Sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier de mortalidade de acordo com intervalo ICP pr&#233;via-CPM menor ou maior que 2 anos.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-06-0784-80199-gf03-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>A utiliza&#231;&#227;o da CPM no seguimento de pacientes assintom&#225;ticos ap&#243;s ICP vem sendo estudada nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas. Os primeiros estudos avaliaram a realiza&#231;&#227;o da CPM nos primeiros 6 meses ap&#243;s o procedimento,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> em seguida, autores procuraram estabelecer o uso desse teste funcional mais tardiamente nesse subgrupo;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> A maioria das publica&#231;&#245;es incluiu pacientes que realizaram CPM ap&#243;s intervalos fixos ap&#243;s a ICP, que variaram de 4 meses<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> a 60 meses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> No estudo atual, esse intervalo foi vari&#225;vel, de dias a anos, permitindo a avalia&#231;&#227;o do valor progn&#243;stico da CPM quando realizada em intervalos variados ap&#243;s a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea.</p>
        <p>No presente estudo, foram inclu&#237;dos 647 pacientes e o tempo m&#233;dio de seguimento foi de 5,2 anos. Estudos pr&#233;vios selecionaram um n&#250;mero menor de participantes, variando de 196<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> a 370 pacientes,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> e tiveram tempo de acompanhamento inferior, em m&#233;dia de 3 anos. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o, o predom&#237;nio do sexo masculino e a m&#233;dia de idade de 66 anos foram comuns &#224;s demais publica&#231;&#245;es e compat&#237;vel com dados de literatura.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Em contrapartida, a preval&#234;ncia de comorbidades foi bastante vari&#225;vel. O trabalho atual apresentou maior frequ&#234;ncia de diab&#233;ticos. Al&#233;m disso, mais da metade dos participantes teve IAM pr&#233;vio e a preval&#234;ncia de HAS foi pr&#243;xima das maiores descritas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Tais varia&#231;&#245;es podem ser atribu&#237;das ao emprego de diferentes defini&#231;&#245;es diagn&#243;sticas das patologias. Por outro lado, podem refletir a sele&#231;&#227;o de popula&#231;&#245;es com perfis de gravidade distintos, logo, com aspectos progn&#243;sticos tamb&#233;m diferentes.</p>
        <p>Apesar da aus&#234;ncia de informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a ICP pr&#233;via, tendo em vista que apenas 11% dos procedimentos foram realizados antes de 2003, momento a partir do qual foram introduzidos <italic>stents</italic> farmacol&#243;gicos, e que os exames de CPM foram efetuados em uma cl&#237;nica privada em pacientes com amplo acesso ao atendimento, incluindo 30% diab&#233;ticos, acredita-se que os <italic>stents</italic> utilizados nas angioplastias pr&#233;vias tenham sido quase que em sua totalidade, <italic>stents</italic> farmacol&#243;gicos. Nos estudos anteriores, os pacientes foram tratados com angioplastia por bal&#227;o e implante <italic>stent</italic> convencional<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>com exce&#231;&#227;o do estudo de Zellweger et al. no qual 69% dos participantes foram abordados com <italic>stent</italic> farmacol&#243;gico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Tais achados devem ser levados em considera&#231;&#227;o na interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos, visto que sabidamente ap&#243;s o advento dos <italic>stents</italic> farmacol&#243;gicos houve queda na incid&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es precoces e tardias do procedimento e, consequentemente, na ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos.</p>
        <p>&#192; despeito de as diretrizes atuais<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> n&#227;o indicarem a realiza&#231;&#227;o de testes funcionais de rotina, principalmente, no per&#237;odo inferior a 2 anos em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos ap&#243;s ICP, no presente estudo, 42% das CPM foram realizadas no intervalo inferior a 2 anos ap&#243;s a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o e a realiza&#231;&#227;o de exame de controle foi a indica&#231;&#227;o mais frequente, independente do per&#237;odo. De forma semelhante, Luca et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> em um estudo observacional incluindo 12.380 pacientes submetidos a ICP no Canad&#225; no per&#237;odo de 2004 a 2012 e Shah et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> em estudo incluindo 21046 pacientes submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea entre 2004 e 2007 nos EUA, observaram que 60% e 61%, respectivamente, realizaram ao menos um teste funcional no per&#237;odo de 2 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Uma poss&#237;vel justificativa para a avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional permanecer uma pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica frequente entre os assintom&#225;ticos ap&#243;s ICP &#233; a car&#234;ncia de informa&#231;&#245;es robustas acerca do tema que definam o correto manejo desses pacientes e o fato de as recomenda&#231;&#245;es vigentes estarem baseadas na opini&#227;o de especialistas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A preval&#234;ncia de 30% de isquemia entre os pacientes foi superior &#224; encontrada em estudos pr&#233;vios. Zellweger et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> detectaram isquemia em 19% dos pacientes ap&#243;s 60 meses da ICP e Rajagopal et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> em 23% dos avaliados ap&#243;s 3,9 meses. A exce&#231;&#227;o foi o trabalho de Galassi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> que incluiu somente pacientes sabidamente submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta e conforme esperado, detectaram mais perfus&#245;es anormais. Semelhante a estudos pr&#233;vios,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta como indica&#231;&#227;o da CPM e a presen&#231;a de IAM pr&#233;vio foram considerados preditores independentes de isquemia. Em contrapartida, a presen&#231;a de DM n&#227;o foi associada de forma independente &#224; isquemia, como descrito por outros autores. Uma poss&#237;vel explica&#231;&#227;o, tendo em vista que todos os pacientes s&#227;o assintom&#225;ticos, &#233; a valoriza&#231;&#227;o da presen&#231;a da comorbidade levando &#224; maior indica&#231;&#227;o de exames. Setenta por cento dos diab&#233;ticos desse estudo tiveram como indica&#231;&#227;o da CPM exame de controle.</p>
        <p>Os estudos pr&#233;vios que analisaram o papel da CPM no seguimento ap&#243;s a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea utilizaram o modelo de desfecho composto, o que prejudicou a compara&#231;&#227;o dos resultados. Cabe destacar que a avalia&#231;&#227;o dos eventos de forma separada, como realizada nesse trabalho, &#233; importante porque os desfechos analisados (morte, morte cardiovascular, IAM n&#227;o fatal e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o) t&#234;m relev&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica distintas e ocorreram em frequ&#234;ncias diferentes em todos os trabalhos descritos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A taxa de mortalidade observada foi de 2% ao ano, compar&#225;vel &#224; taxa descrita por Leon et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> no seguimento de 5 anos de pacientes tratados com <italic>stent</italic> convencional e farmacol&#243;gico. Entretanto, fazendo compara&#231;&#245;es entre os diferentes grupos de perfus&#227;o, os pacientes com CPM anormal sem isquemia apresentaram mortalidade de 3,3% ao ano, superior &#224; encontrada naqueles com perfus&#227;o anormal com isquemia e perfus&#227;o normal, respectivamente, 2% e 1,2%. Al&#233;m disso, a extens&#227;o do defeito perfusional total foi associada de forma independente ao &#243;bito quando maior que 6%.</p>
        <p>Na avalia&#231;&#227;o das outras vari&#225;veis, a idade maior que 70 anos foi considerada preditor independente de mortalidade, o que &#233; esperado na evolu&#231;&#227;o natural da doen&#231;a coronariana. Da mesma forma, a presen&#231;a de DM foi associada ao maior risco de &#243;bito, semelhante a dados da literatura que evidenciam envolvimento ateroscler&#243;tico mais difuso entre os diab&#233;ticos e maior propens&#227;o para desenvolver reestenose ap&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea, conferindo maior mortalidade a longo prazo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Acampa et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> haviam ressaltado que pacientes submetidos a estresse farmacol&#243;gico t&#234;m faixa et&#225;ria mais elevada e maior preval&#234;ncia de preditores cl&#237;nicos de isquemia comparado ao que realizam estresse f&#237;sico, tendo, portanto, progn&#243;stico mais reservado. De maneira similar, no atual estudo, o protocolo de estresse farmacol&#243;gico foi utilizado em 70% dos pacientes que foram a &#243;bito, sendo associado significativamente ao risco de desfecho. Aspectos relacionados &#224;s indica&#231;&#245;es da CPM tamb&#233;m influenciaram diretamente os resultados, estando a realiza&#231;&#227;o de exame pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio associada &#224; maior chance de morrer. Uma poss&#237;vel justificativa para tal achado &#233; pr&#243;prio risco inerente ao ato cir&#250;rgico e potencial de gravidade da patologia que a motivou. Essa vari&#225;vel n&#227;o foi abordada pelos outros estudos j&#225; citados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A despeito de n&#227;o terem sido inclu&#237;dos na an&#225;lise multivariada devido a forte correla&#231;&#227;o com os escores de perfus&#227;o, a presen&#231;a de IAM pr&#233;vio e valores mais baixos da FE foram mais frequentemente encontrados entre aqueles que morreram, respectivamente, 69% &#215; 51%, p = 0,009 e 47 &#177; 16 &#215; 54 &#177; 12, p = 0,001.Outros estudos j&#225; haviam demonstrado o impacto da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular na sobrevida dos portadores de doen&#231;a coronariana e, dentre esses, destaca-se o estudo <italic>Coronary Artery Surgery Study</italic> (CASS), que observou uma rela&#231;&#227;o inversa entre a FE e a mortalidade. Nesse registro, as taxas de sobrevida ap&#243;s 12 anos de seguimento de coronariopatas com FE &#8805; 50%, entre 35 e 49% e &lt; 35% foram respectivamente, 73%, 54% e 21% (p = 0,001).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
				</p>
        <p>De forma semelhante ao encontrado na an&#225;lise de mortalidade, os desfechos mortalidade cardiovascular e IAM n&#227;o fatal tiveram maior incid&#234;ncia no grupo com perfus&#227;o anormal sem isquemia comparado aos demais. A aus&#234;ncia de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica pode ser justificada pelo n&#250;mero pequeno de eventos, mas certamente n&#227;o compromete a import&#226;ncia dos achados, em especial da mortalidade cardiovascular com p = 0,064, pr&#243;ximo ao considerado relevante. O &#250;nico fator associado de forma independente &#224; mortalidade cardiovascular foi o defeito perfusional total maior que 6% e ao IAM n&#227;o fatal foi a presen&#231;a de DM. Georgoulias et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> no seguimento de 8 anos de 246 pacientes assintom&#225;ticos submetidos &#224; CPM ap&#243;s ICP, tamb&#233;m observaram que a ocorr&#234;ncia do desfecho composto, morte cardiovascular e IAM n&#227;o fatal, foi maior quanto maior a extens&#227;o do defeito perfusional total.</p>
        <p>A taxa anual do desfecho revasculariza&#231;&#227;o foi de 4,6%, mais expressiva durante o 1&#186; ano de seguimento comparada &#224; encontrada aos anos seguintes, 11,9% &#215; 3,4%, respectivamente. Leon et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> observaram resultados semelhantes, 20,4% dos pacientes tratados com <italic>stent</italic> convencional e 11,2% dos tratados com st<italic>e</italic>nt farmacol&#243;gico sofreram nova abordagem no 1&#186; ano de seguimento, em seguida, a taxa anual de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o foi constante de 3,5% entre o 2&#186; e 5&#186; anos. Diante desses achados, cabe ressaltar que, como sugerido por Leon et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> os eventos ocorridos no 1&#186; ano parecem estar relacionados ao procedimento inicial, com taxas notoriamente reduzidas da terapia convencional para terapia farmacol&#243;gica, ao passo que, as revasculariza&#231;&#245;es mais tardias refletem a progress&#227;o de doen&#231;a, com taxa constante independente do tipo de <italic>stent</italic> utilizado.</p>
        <p>Zellweger et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> no seguimento de pacientes submetidos &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea, demonstraram que a taxa cumulativa do desfecho composto foi estatisticamente superior entre os pacientes com isquemia comparado aos sem isquemia na CPM, tendo a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o correspondido a 65% desses eventos. De maneira similar, Galassi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> em uma coorte composta por pacientes assintom&#225;ticos submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea incompleta, registraram que 42% dos participantes realizaram nova abordagem no acompanhamento m&#233;dio de 33 meses e que a extens&#227;o da isquemia na CPM realizada 4 a 6 meses ap&#243;s o procedimento foi preditora desse desfecho.</p>
        <p>No atual estudo, al&#233;m da presen&#231;a e da extens&#227;o da isquemia, a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta como indica&#231;&#227;o da CPM e o intervalo entre a interven&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea e a CPM menor que 2 anos tamb&#233;m foram associados de forma significativa &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o. Esses resultados sugerem que a decis&#227;o pela nova abordagem provavelmente foi influenciada pelo procedimento inicial. Essa hip&#243;tese foi refor&#231;ada quando se observou que no grupo de pacientes com isquemia, entre os 36% que foram submetidos &#224; nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o houve predom&#237;nio do sexo masculino e, novamente, da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta como indica&#231;&#227;o da CPM e do intervalo entre a ICP e a CPM menor que 2 anos.</p>
        <p>A extens&#227;o da isquemia tamb&#233;m foi superior entre aqueles direcionados a repetir a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o, por&#233;m, ao contr&#225;rio do esperado, tal achado n&#227;o teve signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica. &#201; poss&#237;vel que em alguns casos a presen&#231;a e n&#227;o a extens&#227;o da isquemia tenha sido uma vari&#225;vel de maior impacto na tomada de decis&#227;o pela revasculariza&#231;&#227;o. Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao sexo masculino, a maior preval&#234;ncia da doen&#231;a coronariana e a maior precocidade na ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos nesse g&#234;nero pode ter contribu&#237;do para valoriza&#231;&#227;o dos achados e indica&#231;&#227;o de abordagem.</p>
        <p>Aldweib et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> na avalia&#231;&#227;o de 769 pacientes assintom&#225;ticos previamente submetidos &#224; ICP com isquemia na CPM, subsequentemente encaminhados para terapia medicamentosa ou nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o, encontraram entre os pacientes revascularizados maior extens&#227;o da isquemia e maior presen&#231;a de DM. Diferente do estudo atual, o intervalo entre a ICP e a CPM foi similar entre os grupos e a presen&#231;a de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta n&#227;o foi mencionada. No seguimento de m&#233;dio de 5,7 anos, as taxas de mortalidade foram semelhantes nos dois grupos de tratamento (p = 0,84).</p>
        <p>Em nosso estudo, a mortalidade entre os que revascularizaram foi menor comparado aos que receberam tratamento clinico (9% &#215; 12%), por&#233;m sem signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica. Apesar desse estudo n&#227;o ter sido delineado com essa finalidade e do poss&#237;vel comprometimento da an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica pelo pequeno n&#250;mero de eventos, cabe interrogar se os pacientes encaminhados &#224; nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o seriam de maior risco e ap&#243;s o procedimento tiverem esse risco igualado aos direcionados para tratamento cl&#237;nico.</p>
        <p>Embora a literatura atual recomende a avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional de pacientes assintom&#225;ticos ap&#243;s ICP somente ap&#243;s 2 anos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> no presente estudo, as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e os resultados da CPM, incluindo os achados na perfus&#227;o, foram semelhantes entre os pacientes que realizaram a CPM no intervalo menor e maior que 2 anos. Nessa popula&#231;&#227;o selecionada, a delimita&#231;&#227;o atualmente recomendada em 2 anos n&#227;o separou popula&#231;&#245;es distintas.</p>
        <p>Apesar da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta constituir uma solu&#231;&#227;o satisfat&#243;ria quando a les&#227;o culpada &#233; identificada e possui anatomia favor&#225;vel para abordagem percut&#226;nea, em especial no contexto de SCA, os pacientes com les&#245;es remanescentes precisam ser acompanhados e estratificados, independente da presen&#231;a de sintomas. No presente estudo, nesse cen&#225;rio a CPM mostrou-se uma ferramenta utilizada na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica capaz de fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas incrementais sobre a ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos, interferindo diretamente na decis&#227;o de indicar nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Estudos anteriores<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> que realizaram CPM no seguimento de pacientes previamente submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea descreveram excelente progn&#243;stico associado &#224; perfus&#227;o normal, com taxa anual de eventos menor que 1%. De maneira similar, no estudo atual, no seguimento m&#233;dio de 5 anos, entre os pacientes com perfus&#227;o normal a taxa anual de mortalidade foi de 1% e de mortalidade cardiovascular foi de 0,5%, caracterizando esse grupo como baixo risco.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
          <p>Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo unic&#234;ntrico no qual os pacientes foram encaminhados &#224; cl&#237;nica para realiza&#231;&#227;o da CPM por indica&#231;&#227;o do seu m&#233;dico assistente. Dessa forma, a extrapola&#231;&#227;o dos resultados deve ser feita com cautela.</p>
          <p>Outra limita&#231;&#227;o &#233; a aus&#234;ncia de informa&#231;&#245;es sobre o tipo de <italic>stent</italic> usado no procedimento de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;vio na maioria dos pacientes. Entretanto, tendo em vista que apenas 11% dos procedimentos foram realizados antes de 2003, momento a partir do qual foram introduzidos <italic>stents</italic> farmacol&#243;gicos, e que a popula&#231;&#227;o foi selecionada em uma cl&#237;nica privada que atende principalmente usu&#225;rios de sa&#250;de complementar com preval&#234;ncia de DM de 30%, acredita-se que os <italic>stents</italic> utilizados tenham sido quase que em sua totalidade farmacol&#243;gicos.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Nesse estudo, a CPM realizada em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos ap&#243;s per&#237;odos variados da ICP foi capaz de fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas futuras, a extens&#227;o do defeito de perfus&#227;o total foi associada a maior taxa de mortalidade e morte cardiovascular, a presen&#231;a e a extens&#227;o da isquemia foram associadas a maior taxa de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o, enquanto a perfus&#227;o normal conferiu um excelente progn&#243;stico com baixa taxa de eventos no seguimento m&#233;dio de 5 anos.</p>
        <p>A despeito das recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes, nesse estudo, 42% das CPM foram realizadas no intervalo inferior a 2 anos ap&#243;s a ICP e n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as cl&#237;nicas relevantes em rela&#231;&#227;o aos que realizaram ap&#243;s este per&#237;odo.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Larissa Franco de Andrade pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa do Hospital Universit&#225;rio Clementino Fraga Filho sob n&#250;mero de protocolo 1643951. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
