<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Q9ngFP5ph8HqqrZkKWtQnwd</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001800782</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180238</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Nature of Cardiac Remodeling Due to Physical Exercise: More Evidence Towards to the Normal Adaptive Responses of the Heart</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Helal</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Anderson Donelli da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Porto Alegre</city>
          <state>RS</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Laborat&#243;rio de Fisiopatologia do Exerc&#237;cio (LaFiEx) - Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Porto Alegre</city>
          <state>RS</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Grupo de Cardiologia do Exerc&#237;cio (CARDIOEX) - Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Lucas Helal</bold> Laborat&#243;rio de Fisiopatologia do Exerc&#237;cio, Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Postal Code 90035-007, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil E-mail: <email>lucas.helal@ufrgs.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>782</fpage>
      <lpage>782</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Ventricular Remodeling</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Remodeling</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Remodeling</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise Movement Techniques</kwd>
        <kwd>Resistance Training</kwd>
        <kwd>Running</kwd>
        <kwd>Weight Lifting</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Pressure</kwd>
        <kwd>Arrhythmias</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Cardiac remodeling due to exercise training overload (the so-called "athlete's heart") has been widely investigated since the 70's and is still acknowledged by the scientific community. To differentiate normal adaptive responses ("benign") from abnormal ones remains a challenge. Here we address some important issues related to the discussion on cardiac remodeling in exercise, recently revisited by Vidaletti-Silva and colleagues<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> in this issue.</p>
    <p>In terms of morphological adaptations, the left atrial and ventricular hypertrophy call attention due to their potential association with the onset of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> and also of ventricular arrhythmias,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> which may result in undesirable events.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
		</p>
    <p>However, mounting evidence has been suggesting that the remodeling response due to exercise training load (e.g., length of exposure, intensity, modality etc.) may not configure a state of disease - i.e., the "physiological but nor pathological" remodeling.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>"</p>
    <p>With a focus on the left chambers, it is known that the blood pressure and the volumetric overload may result in two classical morphological characteristics, accordingly to the Morganroth hypothesis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> - an increase of the left cavities' volume for those overloaded by the cardiac output (i.e., endurance athletes); or the hypertrophy of the left ventricle (LV) septum for those overloaded by blood pressure levels (i.e., strength-trained athletes). As a minor comment, the Morganroth hypothesis has been recently revisited after the observation of cases of septal hypertrophy in endurance athletes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Although well-established in scientific literature, Vidaletti-Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> have addressed the question of differences in cardiac remodeling due to sports modalities through a cross-sectional, comparator-group design, comparing endurance athletes (i.e., runners) and strength-trained athletes (i.e., powerlifters) - two classes and levels of modalities that seem appropriate for this comparison. In their findings, no moment-differences between groups were observed for the LV mass, when adjusted for their surface area. As expected, septal and posterior LV thickness were different between endurance and strength athletes, but not the LV end-diastolic volume. The vascular function (i.e., flow-mediated dilation and peripheral vascular resistance) was also evaluated and no differences were found. The take-home message of this study, at least in light of our interpretation, is that athletes in a range of 5 to 7 years of training have adaptations no bigger than the established thresholds for normality for LV dimensions<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> and wall thickness.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
		</p>
    <p>We should acknowledge that, even within borderline values, there were no impairment of the systolic and diastolic function of the myocardium in either groups, depicting the normal adaptive nature of the cardiac structure findings. Even though a simple experiment, this cross-sectional study corroborates the hypothesis of different cardiac adaptations due to different training modalities. Finally, to detect some abnormal morphological adaptations in athletes remains a challenge, especially for those within borderline values. We welcome studies such as this one - that sheds a light on this gray area.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Comparison of Cardiac and Vascular Parameters in Powerlifters and Long-Distance Runners: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Natureza do Remodelamento Card&#237;aco Induzido por Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico: Mais Evid&#234;ncias em Dire&#231;&#227;o &#224; Adapta&#231;&#227;o Normal do Cora&#231;&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Helal</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Anderson Donelli da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Laborat&#243;rio de Fisiopatologia do Exerc&#237;cio (LaFiEx) - Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Grupo de Cardiologia do Exerc&#237;cio (CARDIOEX) - Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Lucas Helal</bold> Laborat&#243;rio de Fisiopatologia do Exerc&#237;cio, Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. CEP 90035-007, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil E-mail: <email>lucas.helal@ufrgs.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Remodelamento Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Remodelamento Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Remodelamento Card&#237;aco</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>T&#233;cnicas de Exerc&#237;cio e Movimento</kwd>
        <kwd>Treinamento de Resist&#234;ncia</kwd>
        <kwd>Corrida</kwd>
        <kwd>Levantamento de Peso</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>O remodelamento card&#237;aco devido &#224; sobrecarga pelo treinamento f&#237;sico (o assim chamado "cora&#231;&#227;o do atleta") tem sido amplamente investigado desde os anos 70 pela comunidade acad&#234;mica e &#233; tema de pesquisa at&#233; os dias de hoje. Diferenciar as respostas adaptativas normais ("benignas") das anormais continua sendo um desafio. Aqui abordamos algumas quest&#245;es importantes relacionadas &#224; discuss&#227;o sobre remodelamento card&#237;aco induzido por exerc&#237;cio, recentemente revisitada por Vidaletti-Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> nesta edi&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Em termos de adapta&#231;&#245;es morfol&#243;gicas, a hipertrofia atrial e ventricular esquerda chama a aten&#231;&#227;o devido &#224; sua poss&#237;vel associa&#231;&#227;o com o aparecimento de taquiarritmias supraventriculares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> e tamb&#233;m de arritmias ventriculares,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> que podem resultar em eventos indesej&#225;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Entretanto, evid&#234;ncias ao longo do tempo t&#234;m sugerido que a resposta de remodelamento devida &#224; carga de treinamento f&#237;sico (por exemplo, tempo de exposi&#231;&#227;o, intensidade, modalidade, etc.) pode n&#227;o configurar um estado de doen&#231;a - isto &#233;, o chamado remodelamento "fisiol&#243;gico, mas n&#227;o patol&#243;gico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>"</p>
      <p>Especialmente em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s c&#226;maras card&#237;acas esquerdas, est&#225; bem estabelecido que a press&#227;o arterial e a sobrecarga volum&#233;trica podem causar as altera&#231;&#245;es observadas, resultando em duas caracter&#237;sticas morfol&#243;gicas cl&#225;ssicas definindo a hip&#243;tese de Morganroth<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> - um aumento do volume das cavidades esquerdas para aquelas sobrecarregadas pelo d&#233;bito card&#237;aco (isto &#233;, atletas de resist&#234;ncia); ou a hipertrofia do septo do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) para aqueles sobrecarregados pelos n&#237;veis de press&#227;o arterial (isto &#233;, atletas de treinamento de for&#231;a). Apenas a saber, a hip&#243;tese de Morganroth foi recentemente revisita, ao ser observada hipertrofia septal tamb&#233;m em atletas de resist&#234;ncia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Embora esteja razoavelmente bem estabelecido na literatura cient&#237;fica, Vidaletti-Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> abordaram a quest&#227;o das diferen&#231;as no remodelamento card&#237;aco devido &#224; modalidades esportivas atrav&#233;s de um estudo transversal com grupo comparador - atletas de resist&#234;ncia (isto &#233;, corredores) e atletas de for&#231;a (isto &#233;, levantadores de peso) - duas modalidades esportivas apropriadas para essa compara&#231;&#227;o. Em seus achados, n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as entre os grupos em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; massa do VE, quando ajustada para a &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corporal. Como esperado, as espessuras septal e posterior do VE foram diferentes entre os atletas de resist&#234;ncia e for&#231;a, mas n&#227;o o volume diast&#243;lico final do VE. A fun&#231;&#227;o vascular (isto &#233;, dilata&#231;&#227;o mediada por fluxo e resist&#234;ncia vascular perif&#233;rica) foi tamb&#233;m avaliada e n&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as. A mensagem deste estudo, pelo menos &#224; luz de nossa interpreta&#231;&#227;o, &#233; que atletas de duas modalidades distintas em uma faixa de 5 a 7 anos de treinamento apresentam adapta&#231;&#245;es que n&#227;o s&#227;o maiores do que os limites estabelecidos para normalidade em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s dimens&#245;es<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> e espessura da parede do VE.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>&#201; preciso destacar que, mesmo dentro de valores lim&#237;trofes, n&#227;o houve comprometimento da fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica do mioc&#225;rdio em nenhum dos grupos, retratando a natureza adaptativa normal da morfologia card&#237;aca. Apesar de simples, este estudo transversal corrobora a hip&#243;tese de diferentes adapta&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas induzidas por diferentes modalidades de exerc&#237;cio. Finalmente, a detec&#231;&#227;o de uma adapta&#231;&#227;o morfol&#243;gica anormal em atletas (e potencialmente configurando o estado de entidade cl&#237;nica) ainda &#233; um desafio, especialmente para aqueles que est&#227;o dentro de valores lim&#237;trofes. N&#243;s apreciaremos mais estudos como esse - que lan&#231;am luz sobre esta &#225;rea cinzenta.</p>
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    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Compara&#231;&#227;o de Par&#226;metros Card&#237;acos e Vasculares em Powerlifters e Corredores de Longa Dist&#226;ncia: Um Estudo Transversal Comparativo</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
