<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">mwyvTRCZ9ngdRZDNc6jJcWk</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001800771</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180230</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Warning Against Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation in Users of Oral Combined Contraceptives</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bertolami</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Chiara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Secretaria de Estado da Sa&#250;de de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia da Secretaria de Estado da Sa&#250;de de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Marcelo Chiara Bertolami</bold> Av. Sabi&#225;, 667 apt. 141. Postal Code 04515-001, Moema, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: <email>mchiara@cardiol.br</email>, <email>bertolami@dantepazzanese.org.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>771</fpage>
      <lpage>771</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Oxidation</kwd>
        <kwd>Lipoproteins, LDL</kwd>
        <kwd>Contraceptives, Oral</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western World and in our country.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> In the last years, this scenario has shown a decrease in the incidence of stroke, formerly the first cause of death.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Today, its place has been taken by coronary heart disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> This change was due to better diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, the main cause of strokes, and the increase of the prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease such as obesity, diabetes, bad dietary habits, emotional stress and social deprivation, among others.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Recently, an increase in myocardial infarction mortality, attributed to several causes, has been observed specifically among Brazilian<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> and North-American<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> young women. The article by dos Santos ACN et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> has focused on one of these possible causes. They studied low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in users of combined oral contraceptives, showing that this alteration of lipoproteins is increased in this group. LDL oxidation is considered one of the main participants in the atherosclerosis process development, as well as in its major clinical manifestations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> They properly discussed the many possible causes of their findings and tried to establish correlations between LDL oxidation with many other variables. They referred to other studies that showed elevated C-Reactive Protein<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> and blood pressure levels<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> in users of combined oral contraceptives, which along with the known thrombogenicity of these agents (mainly in combination with tobacco smoking),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> can demonstrate the potential increase in cardiovascular risk in this group. The authors did not specify the types of oral contraceptives that were studied, which could be considered a study limitation. A practical consequence of the presented data is the fact that they are relevant for young women, who will need to find other kinds of contraception, such as IUDs, other oral contraceptives, and other possibilities to prevent the potentially deleterious effects of the combined oral contraceptives.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial regarding to the article: Elevation of Oxidized Lipoprotein of Low Density in Users of Combined Oral Contraceptives</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Alerta para Oxida&#231;&#227;o das Lipoprote&#237;nas de Baixa Densidade em Usu&#225;rias de Contraceptivos Combinados Orais</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bertolami</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Chiara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia da Secretaria de Estado da Sa&#250;de de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Marcelo Chiara Bertolami</bold> Av. Sabi&#225;, 667 apt. 141. CEP 04515-001, Moema, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>mchiara@cardiol.br</email>, <email>bertolami@dantepazzanese.org.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Oxida&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Lipoprote&#237;nas LDL</kwd>
        <kwd>Anticoncepcionais Orais</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Doen&#231;as cardiovasculares s&#227;o a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo ocidental e em nosso pa&#237;s.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Nos &#250;ltimos anos, esse cen&#225;rio mostrou uma diminui&#231;&#227;o na incid&#234;ncia do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), anteriormente a principal causa de morte.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Atualmente, esse lugar foi tomado pela doen&#231;a coronariana.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Essa mudan&#231;a deveu-se ao melhor diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da hipertens&#227;o, principal causa de AVCs, e ao aumento da preval&#234;ncia de fatores de risco para doen&#231;a coronariana, tais como obesidade, diabetes, maus h&#225;bitos alimentares, estresse emocional e priva&#231;&#227;o social, entre outros.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Recentemente, um aumento na mortalidade por infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, atribu&#237;do a v&#225;rias causas, tem sido observado especificamente entre mulheres jovens brasileiras<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> e norte-americanas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> O artigo de dos Santos et al.<italic>,</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> enfocou uma dessas poss&#237;veis causas. Eles estudaram a oxida&#231;&#227;o da lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade (LDL) em usu&#225;rias de contraceptivos orais combinados, mostrando que esta altera&#231;&#227;o nas lipoprote&#237;nas est&#225; aumentada neste grupo. A oxida&#231;&#227;o do LDL-colesterol &#233; considerada um dos principais participantes no desenvolvimento do processo de aterosclerose, bem como em suas principais manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Eles discutiram adequadamente as muitas causas poss&#237;veis de seus achados e tentaram estabelecer correla&#231;&#245;es entre a oxida&#231;&#227;o do LDL-colesterol com muitas outras vari&#225;veis. Eles se referiram a outros estudos que mostraram n&#237;veis elevados de Prote&#237;na C Reativa<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> e press&#227;o arterial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> em usu&#225;rias de contraceptivos orais combinados, os quais, junto com a conhecida trombogenicidade desses agentes (principalmente em combina&#231;&#227;o com o tabagismo),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> podem demonstrar o potencial aumento do risco cardiovascular nesse grupo. Os autores n&#227;o especificaram os tipos de contraceptivos orais estudados, o que poderia ser considerado uma limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo. Uma consequ&#234;ncia pr&#225;tica dos dados apresentados &#233; o fato de serem relevantes para as mulheres jovens, que precisar&#227;o encontrar outros m&#233;todos contraceptivos, como o DIU, outros contraceptivos orais e outras possibilidades para prevenir os efeitos potencialmente delet&#233;rios dos contraceptivos orais combinados.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Eleva&#231;&#227;o da Lipoprote&#237;na de Baixa Densidade Oxidada em Usu&#225;rias de Contraceptivo Oral Combinado</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
