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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">7md6V6m8MVjzJvgwX3sRxhj</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001700753</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180219</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Correlation</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case 6 / 2018 - Percutaneous Occlusion of a Large Ductus Arteriosus in a Low Weight Infant, with Immediate Clinical and Radiographic Improvement</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeirense</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo Tom&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Vanessa de Moraes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Toledo</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Felipe Barros de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gubolino</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Limeira</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Limeira</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Irmandade de Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Limeira, Limeira, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Pablo Tom&#233; Teixeirense,</bold> Av. Antonia Pazzinato Sturion, 1200. Postal Code 13420-640, Morumbi, Piracicaba, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>pablo.tome@me.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>753</fpage>
      <lpage>754</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Infant</kwd>
        <kwd>Down Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Ductus Arteriosus Patent/surgery</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Clinical Data</title>
      <p>The patient was a one-year-old infant with Down syndrome, and heart murmur auscultated from birth. The child had a difficult clinical course due to failure to thrive, tachypnea, poor suckling due to fatigue and repeated respiratory infections, with pulmonary hypersecretion, and was receiving captopril and furosemide.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Physical examination</title>
        <p>Regular overall status, tachypneic, acyanotic, with full and wide peripheral pulses. Weight: 8.6 kg, height: 71 cm, blood pressure in the right upper limb: 80 x 40 mmHg, HR: 148 bpm, O<sub>2</sub>Sat: 97%. The apex beat was shifted to the left in the precordium, in clear systolic impulse. Continuous "machine-like&#8221; murmur, better auscultated at the left sternal border and irradiating to the posterior chest region. Palpable liver two centimeters from the right costal ridge and diffuse rumbles and subcrepitant rales at the lung bases.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Complementary examinations</title>
        <p><bold>Electrocardiogram:</bold> sinus rhythm (tachycardic), with left shift and left ventricular overload.</p>
        <p><bold>Chet x-ray:</bold> enlarged cardiac area with a cardiothoracic index of 0.64, marked vascular pedicle enlargement, and increased pulmonary vascular network (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1A</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>A) Pre-intervention chest x-ray. There is an overall increase in the cardiac silhouette, with prominence of the right atrium, left ventricle and vascular pedicle, in addition to the pulmonary vascular network. B) Chest X-ray approximately 8h after occlusion of the defect, showing the significant decrease in the cardiac volume, notably in the right atrium and the vascular pedicle, as well as a decrease in the pulmonary vascular network</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0753-80219-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Echocardiogram:</bold> enlargement of the left chambers, significant dilatation of the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries, and presence of a ductus arteriosus with left-to-right shunt, with the smallest diameter estimated at 4 mm.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical diagnosis</title>
        <p>Patent ductus arteriosus with significant hemodynamic consequences in an infant with Down syndrome.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Differential diagnosis</title>
        <p>Other congenital defects should always be recalled in a similar clinical setting such as: defects between the systemic and pulmonary sites, the aortopulmonary window that connects the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk, coronary-cavitary fistulas and arteriovenous defects in general, total anomalous pulmonary vein drainage, sinus of Valsalva rupture, and pulmonary atresia with enlarged bronchial arteries or large systemic-pulmonary collateral vessels, which allow pulmonary flow increase.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Conduct</title>
        <p>Due to the infant&#8217;s clinical impact and failure to thrive, the first considered conduct was percutaneous occlusion through interventional catheterization techniques. The procedure was performed through femoral vein and artery puncture, with hemostasis valve 4F to minimize the risk of peripheral vascular lesions. Manometric study disclosed marked pulmonary hypertension (PT = 45/25 mmHg), corresponding to half of the systemic pressure. The left ventricle showed increased end-diastolic volume, but with preserved contractile function. The aortic arch was shifted to the left and there was a large ductus arteriosus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2A</xref>), type A, according to Krichenko classification, with pulmonary extremity measuring 4.0 mm and aortic 8.0 mm, with a very prominent aortic ampulla, measuring 12 mm in diameter. In this case, we chose to use an Amplatzer&#174; ADO-I 10/8 device with complete occlusion of the defect after its implantation (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2B</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>A) Angiography of the aorta showing the presence of a large ductus arteriosus with a minimum diameter of 4 mm. B) Implant of Amplatzer&#174; device ADO I-10/8, with complete occlusion of the defect. PDA: patent ductus arteriosus</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0753-80219-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The clinical improvement was immediate with disappearance of the continuous murmur, normal breathing and obvious respiratory relief. The chest radiography, approximately 8 hours after the procedure, showed a marked decrease in the cardiac area with a cardiothoracic index of 0.58 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1B</xref>). The patient was discharged after 48 hours of hospitalization.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Comments</title>
        <p>After the percutaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus, a marked decrease in pulmonary hyperflow was observed immediately, due to the decreased cardiac volume and smaller vascular pedicle, as shown by the chest X-ray (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1B</xref>). Before that, a marked volume overload was observed on the heart and the hemodynamic consequences to the patient with dyspnea and delayed physical development, consequent to the large ductus arteriosus.</p>
        <p>It is concluded that the patent ductus arteriosus occlusion should be performed as soon as possible in this clinical situation, considering the several complications that may affect patient evolution, such as frequent respiratory infections, as well as the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension to Eisenmenger's syndrome.</p>
        <p>The occlusion techniques through interventional catheterization are safe and simple, and with catheter profile improvement and the multiple devices available for clinical use, they are currently the first choice techniques for the treatment of young infants and children.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Several articles have been published on the experience of several groups showing the practice of occlusion of ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> using only venous access and monitoring the implant through echocardiography, thus reserving the surgical technique for special anatomical situations.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Kang SL, Jivanji S, Mehta C,Tometzki AJ, Derrick G, Yates R, et al. Outcome after transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in infants less than 6Kg: A National Study from United Kingdom and Ireland. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2017; 90(7):1135-44.</mixed-citation>
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              <given-names>SL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jivanji</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mehta</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tometzki</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Derrick</surname>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yates</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
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          <article-title>Outcome after transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in infants less than 6Kg: A National Study from United Kingdom and Ireland. Catheter Cardiovasc</article-title>
          <source>Interv</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>90</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
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      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Zhou K, Tang J, Hua Y,Shi X, Wang Y, Qiao L, et al. Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm infant and review of literatures. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2016; 54 (11): 43-6.</mixed-citation>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Tang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hua</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shi</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Qiao</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm infant and review of literatures</article-title>
          <source>Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>54</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>43</fpage>
          <lpage>46</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Garg G, Garg V, Prakash A. Percutaneous closure of a large patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm newborn weighing 1400g without using arterial sheath: an innovative technique. Cardiol Young. 2018;28(3):494-7.</mixed-citation>
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            <name>
              <surname>Garg</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garg</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Prakash</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Percutaneous closure of a large patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm newborn weighing 1400g without using arterial sheath: an innovative technique</article-title>
          <source>Cardiol Young</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>28</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>494</fpage>
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        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 6 / 2018 - Oclus&#227;o Percut&#226;nea de Grande Canal Arterial em Lactente de Baixo Peso, com Melhora Cl&#237;nica e Radiogr&#225;fica Imediatas</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeirense</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo Tom&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Vanessa de Moraes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Toledo</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Felipe Barros de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gubolino</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Irmandade de Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Limeira, Limeira, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Pablo Tom&#233; Teixeirense,</bold> Av. Antonia Pazzinato Sturion, 1200. CEP 13420-640, Morumbi, Piracicaba, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>pablo.tome@me.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Lactente</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome de Down</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Persist&#234;ncia do Canal Arterial/cirurgia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Dados cl&#237;nicos</title>
        <p>Lactente de 1 ano com s&#237;ndrome de Down, sopro card&#237;aco auscultado desde o nascimento. Curso cl&#237;nico tormentoso por atraso no desenvolvimento p&#244;ndero-estatural, taquipneia, cansa&#231;o &#224;s mamadas e infec&#231;&#245;es respirat&#243;rias de repeti&#231;&#227;o, com hipersecre&#231;&#227;o pulmonar, em uso de captopril e furosemida.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Exame f&#237;sico</title>
          <p>Estado geral regular, taquipneica, acian&#243;tica, pulsos perif&#233;ricos cheios e amplos. Peso: 8,6 Kg, estatura: 71cm, press&#227;o arterial no membro superior direito: 80 x 40 mmHg, FC: 148 bpm, Sat O<sub>2</sub>: 97%. No prec&#243;rdio o <italic>ictus cordis</italic> estava desviado para a esquerda, em impuls&#227;o sist&#243;lica n&#237;tida. Sopro cont&#237;nuo em &#8220;maquin&#225;ria&#8221;, melhor auscultado na borda esternal esquerda e irradiado para a regi&#227;o posterior do t&#243;rax. F&#237;gado palp&#225;vel a dois cent&#237;metros do rebordo costal direito e roncos difusos e estertores subcrepitantes nas bases pulmonares.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Exames complementares</title>
          <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma:</bold> ritmo sinusal (taquic&#225;rdico), com desvio do eixo para a esquerda e sobrecarga ventricular esquerda.</p>
          <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax:</bold> &#225;rea card&#237;aca aumentada com &#237;ndice cardiotor&#225;cico de 0,64, alargamento acentuado do ped&#237;culo vascular e aumento da trama vascular pulmonar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1A</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f3">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>A) Radiografia de t&#243;rax pr&#233;-interven&#231;&#227;o. Nota-se aumento global da silhueta card&#237;aca, com proemin&#234;ncia do &#225;trio direito, ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e do ped&#237;culo vascular, al&#233;m da trama vascular pulmonar. B) Radiografia do t&#243;rax cerca de 8h ap&#243;s a oclus&#227;o do defeito, onde pode se verificar diminui&#231;&#227;o expressiva do volume card&#237;aco, notadamente do &#225;trio direito e do ped&#237;culo vascular, al&#233;m da diminui&#231;&#227;o da trama vascular pulmonar</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0753-80219-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p><bold>Ecocardiograma:</bold> aumento das c&#226;maras esquerdas, dilata&#231;&#227;o importante do tronco pulmonar e das art&#233;rias pulmonares, e presen&#231;a de canal arterial com <italic>shunt</italic> da esquerda para a direita, com menor di&#226;metro estimado em 4mm.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico</title>
          <p>Persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial de importante repercuss&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica em lactente com s&#237;ndrome de Down.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial</title>
          <p>Outros defeitos cong&#234;nitos devem sempre ser lembrados em quadro cl&#237;nico semelhante como: comunica&#231;&#245;es entre o lado sist&#234;mico e pulmonar, a janela aortopulmonar que comunica a aorta ascendente e o tronco pulmonar, f&#237;stulas coron&#225;rio-cavit&#225;rias e comunica&#231;&#245;es arteriovenosas em geral, drenagem an&#244;mala total das veias pulmonares, ruptura do seio de Valsalva e ainda a atresia pulmonar acompanhada de art&#233;rias br&#244;nquicas aumentadas ou grandes vasos colaterais sist&#234;mico-pulmonares, que permitem aumentar o fluxo pulmonar.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conduta</title>
          <p>Devido &#224; repercuss&#227;o cl&#237;nica da lactente e do d&#233;ficit de ganho p&#244;ndero-estatural, a primeira conduta idealizada foi de oclus&#227;o percut&#226;nea atrav&#233;s de t&#233;cnicas de cateterismo intervencionista. O procedimento foi realizado atrav&#233;s da pun&#231;&#227;o de veia e art&#233;ria femorais, com v&#225;lvulas hemost&#225;ticas 4F para minimizar o risco de les&#245;es vasculares perif&#233;ricas. Estudo manom&#233;trico revelou hipertens&#227;o pulmonar acentuada (TP = 45/25 mmHg), correspondendo &#224; metade da press&#227;o sist&#234;mica. O ventr&#237;culo esquerdo apresentava volume diast&#243;lico final aumentado, mas com fun&#231;&#227;o contr&#225;til conservada. O arco a&#243;rtico voltava-se para a esquerda e havia amplo canal arterial (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2A</xref>), do tipo A, segundo a classifica&#231;&#227;o de Krichenko, com extremidade pulmonar medindo 4,0 mm e a a&#243;rtica 8 mm, com ampola da aorta bem proeminente, medindo 12 mm de di&#226;metro. Neste caso, optamos por utilizar um dispositivo Amplatzer&#174; ADO-I 10/8 com oclus&#227;o total do defeito ap&#243;s o seu implante (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2B</xref>). A melhora cl&#237;nica foi imediata com desaparecimento do sopro cont&#237;nuo, respira&#231;&#227;o normalizada em conforto n&#237;tido. Na radiografia de t&#243;rax, cerca de 8 horas ap&#243;s o procedimento, notava-se diminui&#231;&#227;o acentuada da &#225;rea card&#237;aca com &#237;ndice cardiotor&#225;cico de 0,58 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1B</xref>). A paciente recebeu alta ap&#243;s 48h da interna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>A) Angiografia na aorta exibe a presen&#231;a de grande canal arterial de di&#226;metro m&#237;nimo de 4 mm. B) Implante de dispositivo Amplatzer&#174; ADO I -10/8, com completa oclus&#227;o do defeito</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0753-80219-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Coment&#225;rios</title>
          <p>Ap&#243;s a realiza&#231;&#227;o do fechamento percut&#226;neo do canal arterial, notou-se imediatamente diminui&#231;&#227;o acentuada do hiperfluxo pulmonar, atrav&#233;s do volume card&#237;aco diminu&#237;do e o menor ped&#237;culo vascular, evidenciados na radiografia de t&#243;rax (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1B</xref>). Antes disso percebeu-se acentuada sobrecarga de volume imposta ao cora&#231;&#227;o e as consequ&#234;ncias hemodin&#226;micas &#224; paciente com dispneia e retardo do desenvolvimento f&#237;sico, consequentes do grande canal arterial. Conclui-se que a oclus&#227;o da persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial deve ser realizada o mais breve poss&#237;vel nesta situa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, sob a possibilidade das v&#225;rias complica&#231;&#245;es obscurecerem a evolu&#231;&#227;o como infec&#231;&#245;es respirat&#243;rias frequentes, e ainda pela progress&#227;o da hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar at&#233; a s&#237;ndrome de Eisenmenger. As t&#233;cnicas de oclus&#227;o atrav&#233;s do cateterismo intervencionista s&#227;o seguras e simples, e com a melhora do perfil dos cat&#233;teres e dos m&#250;ltiplos dispositivos dispon&#237;veis para uso cl&#237;nico, atualmente s&#227;o as t&#233;cnicas de primeira escolha para o tratamento de lactentes jovens e crian&#231;as.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Diversos artigos vem sendo publicados com experi&#234;ncia de diversos grupos mostrando a experi&#234;ncia da oclus&#227;o de canal arterial em prematuros extremos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> utilizando apenas o acesso venoso e a monitoriza&#231;&#227;o do implante pelo ecocardiograma, reservando assim a t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica para situa&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas especiais.</p>
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