<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">44gNtG3L9wHfCkWRsGGc37G</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001700710</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2018005016101</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180198</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Baseline Prolonged PR Interval and Outcome of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rattanawong</surname>
            <given-names>Pattara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Prasitlumkum</surname>
            <given-names>Narut</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Riangwiwat</surname>
            <given-names>Tanawan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kanjanahattakij</surname>
            <given-names>Napatt</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vutthikraivit</surname>
            <given-names>Wasawat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chongsathidkiet</surname>
            <given-names>Pakawat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Simpson</surname>
            <given-names>Ross J</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">University of Hawaii</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Internal Medicine Residency Program</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Honolulu</city>
          <state>Hava&#237;</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">University of Hawaii Internal Medicine Residency Program, Honolulu, Hava&#237; - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Einstein Medical Center</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Filad&#233;lfia</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Department of Internal Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Filad&#233;lfia - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Texas Tech University</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Texas</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University, Texas - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Duke University</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Medical Center</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Carolina do Norte</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Duke University Medical Center, Carolina do Norte - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">University of North Carolina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Chapel Hill</city>
          <state>Carolina do Norte</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Carolina do Norte - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Pattara Rattanawong,</bold> 1133 waimanu st #2007. 96814, Honolulu, Hawai - USA. E-mail: <email>pattara.rattanawong@gmail.com</email>, <email>pattarar@hawaii.edu</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Statistical analysis: Rattanawong P; Acquisition of data: Prasitlumkum N, Riangwiwat T, Kanjanahattakij N, Chongsathidkiet P; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Rattanawong P, Prasitlumkum N, Riangwiwat T, Kanjanahattakij N, Vutthikraivit W, Chongsathidkiet P; Writing of the manuscript: Prasitlumkum N, Riangwiwat T, Vutthikraivit W; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Simpson RJ.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>710</fpage>
      <lpage>719</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Recent studies suggest that baseline prolonged PR interval is associated with worse outcome in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature have not been made.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To assess the association between baseline prolonged PR interval and adverse outcomes of CRT by a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>We comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to March 2017. The included studies were published prospective or retrospective cohort studies that compared all-cause mortality, HF hospitalization, and composite outcome of CRT with baseline prolonged PR (&gt; 200 msec) versus normal PR interval. Data from each study were combined using the random-effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird to calculate the risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>Six studies from January 1991 to May 2017 were included in this meta-analysis. All-cause mortality rate is available in four studies involving 17,432 normal PR and 4,278 prolonged PR. Heart failure hospitalization is available in two studies involving 16,152 normal PR and 3,031 prolonged PR. Composite outcome is available in four studies involving 17,001 normal PR and 3,866 prolonged PR. Prolonged PR interval was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (pooled risk ratio = 1.34, 95 % confidence interval: 1.08-1.67, p &lt; 0.01, I<sup>2</sup>= 57.0%), heart failure hospitalization (pooled risk ratio = 1.30, 95 % confidence interval: 1.16-1.45, p &lt; 0.01, I<sup>2</sup>= 6.6%) and composite outcome (pooled risk ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.30, p &lt; 0.01, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>Our systematic review and meta-analysis support the hypothesis that baseline prolonged PR interval is a predictor of all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalization, and composite outcome in CRT patients.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Conduction System/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Dysfunction/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Resynchronization/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Review</kwd>
        <kwd>Meta-Analysis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>It has been widely accepted that surface electrocardiogram findings are associated with prognosis in congestive heart failure (HF) patients who have required cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), particularly the QRS complex. QRS duration and morphology is a well-established predictor of outcome among patients receiving CRT as well as selection criteria for CRT implantation according to the current guidelines of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>More recently, baseline PR interval has been invoked as an additional factor that may affect CRT outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A prolonged PR interval is a marker of a ventricular substrate that is less amenable to resynchronization. It also reflects a combination of intrinsic intra-atrial and atrioventricular conduction which impacts diastolic filling time.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> There are no clear evidence and explanation why PR prolongation might contribute to the outcome of CRT patients. Nonetheless, there is controversial evidence in literature regarding the association between baseline PR prolongation and outcomes of HF patients who require CRT implantation. Some studies implied that PR prolongation was associated with higher morbidity and mortality amongst these patients,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> while others suggested it is associated with favorable outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> However, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the association between PR interval and CRT outcome have not been made.</p>
      <p>We have first conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to comprehensively analyze whether baseline PR prolongation in comparison with normal PR interval is associated with outcomes in CRT-dependent HF patients by assessing all-cause mortality, HF hospitalization rate, and composite outcome as our interest.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Method</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Search strategy</title>
        <p>Two investigators (NP and TR) independently searched for published studies indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to January 2017 using a search strategy that included the terms &#8220;PR interval&#8221; and &#8220;cardiac resynchronization therapy&#8221; described in <xref ref-type="app" rid="app1">supplementary document 1</xref>. Only English language publications were included. A manual search for additional pertinent studies and review articles using references from retrieved articles was also made.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Inclusion criteria</title>
        <p>The eligibility criteria included the following:</p>
        <list list-type="order">
          <list-item>
            <p>Cohort study (prospective or retrospective) reporting incident of all-cause mortality, HF hospitalization, or composite outcome, after the CRT and the corresponding index date for controls.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Relative risk, hazard ratio, incidence ratio, or standardized incidence ratio with 95% confidence intervals or sufficient raw data for the calculation were provided.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Participants without PR prolongation were used as controls.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Study eligibility was independently determined by two investigators (NP and TR) and differences were resolved by mutual consensus. A Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to evaluate each study in three domains: recruitment and selection of the participants, similarity and comparability between the groups, and ascertainment of the outcome of interest among cohort studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data extraction</title>
        <p>A standardized data collection form was used to obtain the following information from each study: title of study, name of first author, year of study, year of publication, country of origin, number of participants, demographic data of participants, method used to identify cases and controls, method used to diagnose the outcomes of interest (all-cause mortality, HF hospitalization rate and composite outcome), and average duration of follow-up with confounders that were adjusted and adjusted effect estimates with 95% confidence interval and covariates that were adjusted in the multivariable analysis.</p>
        <p>To ensure accuracy, all investigators independently performed this data extraction process. Any data discrepancy was resolved by referring back to the original articles.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>We performed a meta-analysis of the included cohort studies using a random-effects model. The extracted studies were excluded from the analysis if they did not present an outcome in each intervention group or did not have enough information required for continuous data comparison. We pooled the point estimates from each study using the generic inverse-variance method of Der Simonian and Laird.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> The heterogeneity of effect size estimates across these studies was quantified using the I<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> statistic. The I<sup>2</sup> statistic ranges in value from 0 to 100% (I<sup>2</sup>
					<bold>&lt;</bold>25%, low heterogeneity; I<sup>2</sup>
					<bold>=</bold>25%-50%, moderate heterogeneity; and I<sup>2</sup>
					<bold>&gt;</bold>50%, substantial heterogeneity).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the influence of the individual studies on the overall results by omitting one study at a time. Meta-regression was performed to explore source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger&#8217;s regression test<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> (p<bold>&lt;</bold>0.05 was considered significant). All data analyses were performed using the Stata/SE 14.1 software from StataCorp LP.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Description of the included studies</title>
        <p>Our search strategy yielded 580 potentially relevant articles (82 articles from EMBASE and 498 articles from MEDLINE). After exclusion of 204 duplicated articles, 376 underwent title and abstract review. Three hundred and seventy articles were excluded at this stage since they were not cohort studies, did not report the outcome of interest (incidence of death/HF hospitalization) or were not conducted in patients with CRT, leaving six for full-length article reviews. Therefore, six retrospective cohort studies with 17,432 normal PR and 4,278 prolonged PR patients were included in this meta-analysis. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref> outlines the search and literature review process. The clinical characteristics and summary of the included studies are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Search methodology and selection process.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0710-80198-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>The clinical characteristics and summary of the included studies</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">First author</th>
                <th align="center">Freidman</th>
                <th align="center">Januszkiewicz</th>
                <th align="center">Kronborg</th>
                <th align="center">Olshansky</th>
                <th align="center">Lee</th>
                <th align="center">Rickard</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Country of Origin</td>
                <td align="center">USA</td>
                <td align="center">USA</td>
                <td align="center">Denmark</td>
                <td align="center">USA</td>
                <td align="center">USA</td>
                <td align="center">USA</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Year</td>
                <td align="center">2016</td>
                <td align="center">2015</td>
                <td align="center">2010</td>
                <td align="center">2012</td>
                <td align="center">2014</td>
                <td align="center">2017</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Study type</td>
                <td align="center">Retrospective cohort study</td>
                <td align="center">Retrospective cohort study</td>
                <td align="center">Retrospective cohort study</td>
                <td align="center">Retrospective cohort study</td>
                <td align="center">Retrospective cohort study</td>
                <td align="center">Retrospective cohort study</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Participants description</td>
                <td align="center">Patients who underwent CRT (LVEF &#8804; 35 and QRS &#8805; 120)</td>
                <td align="center">Patients who underwent CRT (LVEF &#8804; 35%, QRS &gt; 120, NYHA III, IV)</td>
                <td align="center">Patients who underwent CRT</td>
                <td align="center">Patients who underwent CRT (LVEF &#8804; 35, QRS &#8805; 120 and NYHA III, IV)</td>
                <td align="center">Patients who underwent CRT (LVEF &#8804; 35, QRS &#8805; 120 and NYHA III, IV)</td>
                <td align="center">Patients who underwent CRT (LVEF &#8804; 35, QRS &#8805; 120)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Median duration of follow up (Months)</td>
                <td align="center">34</td>
                <td align="center">30.1</td>
                <td align="center">30</td>
                <td align="center">15.95</td>
                <td align="center">52.4</td>
                <td align="center">61.2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Definition of prolonged PR</td>
                <td align="center">&#8805; 230 ms</td>
                <td align="center">&#8805; 200 ms</td>
                <td align="center">&#8805; 200 ms</td>
                <td align="center">&#8805; 200 ms</td>
                <td align="center">&#8805; 200 ms</td>
                <td align="center">&#8805; 200 ms</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Number of patients with prolonged PR</td>
                <td align="center">2906</td>
                <td align="center">125</td>
                <td align="center">208</td>
                <td align="center">638</td>
                <td align="center">204</td>
                <td align="center">197</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Number of patients with not prolonged PR</td>
                <td align="center">15994</td>
                <td align="center">158</td>
                <td align="center">232</td>
                <td align="center">574</td>
                <td align="center">199</td>
                <td align="center">275</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Mean age of patients</td>
                <td align="center">75.37</td>
                <td align="center">66.00</td>
                <td align="center">66.00</td>
                <td align="center">65.56</td>
                <td align="center">66.72</td>
                <td align="center">65.10</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">confounder adjustment</td>
                <td align="center">age, race, QRS, Intraventricular conduction, Non ischemic cardiomyopathy, NYHA, HF duration, eGFR, BUN, SBP</td>
                <td align="center">sex, RBBB, Ischemic cardiomyopathy, AF, medications</td>
                <td align="center">age, sex, HF aetiology, NYHA, DM, AF, ICD, LVEF</td>
                <td align="center">age, sex, NYHA, LVEF, LBBB, QRS, HR, SBP, DBP, ischemic status, comorbidities, medication</td>
                <td align="center">age, sex, ischemic cardiomyopathy, RV size, RV dysfunction, NYHA, MR grade, PASP, medication</td>
                <td align="center">age, sex, ischemic cardiomyopathy, LVEF, QRS, LBBB, Cr, NYHA</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>AF: atrial fibrillation; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; HF: heart failure; Cr: creatinine; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; DM: diabetes mellitus; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR : estimated Glomerular infiltration; HR: heart rate; ICD: implanted cardiac defibrillator; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MR: mitral regurgitation; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; RBBB: right bundle branch block; RV: right ventricular; SBP: systolic blood pressure.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Quality assessment of the included studies</title>
        <p>Newcastle-Ottawa scales of the included studies are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale uses a star system (0 to 9) to evaluate the included studies on three domains: selection, comparability, and outcomes. Higher scores represent higher study quality. Intra-study risks of bias of the included studies are also described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Newcastle&#8211;Ottawa scales of the included studies</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Study</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="4">selection</th>
                <th align="center">comparability</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">outcome</th>
                <th align="center">
								</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
                <th align="center">representativeness</th>
                <th align="center">selection of the non-exposed cohort</th>
                <th align="center">ascertainment</th>
                <th align="center">end point not present at start</th>
                <th align="center">Comparability (confounding)</th>
                <th align="center">assesment of outcome</th>
                <th align="center">follow up duration</th>
                <th align="center">adequacy follow-up</th>
                <th align="center">total</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Freidman</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">**</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Januszkiewicz</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">**</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Kronborg</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">**</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Olshansky</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">**</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ying-Hsiang</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">**</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Rickard</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">**</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">*</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Intra-study risks of bias of included studies</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Study</th>
                <th align="center">Clear definition of study population?</th>
                <th align="center">Clear definition of outcomes and assessment?</th>
                <th align="center">Independent assessment of outcomes? (e.g. by third party)</th>
                <th align="center">Sufficient Follow-up duration?</th>
                <th align="center">Selective loss during Follow-up?</th>
                <th align="center">Limitations identified?</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Freidman</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Januszkiewicz</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Kronborg</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Kutyifa</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">No</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Olshansky</td>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ying-Hsiang</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Meta-analysis results</title>
        <p>Six studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> from January 1991 to May 2017 were included in this meta-analysis. All-cause mortality rate is available in four studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> that involved 17,432 normal PR and 4,278 prolonged PR. All four studies revealed an increased death rate among patients with prolonged PR interval but with of the four achieving statistical significance. The pooled analysis demonstrates a statistically significant increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with prolonged PR interval compared to participants without prolonged PR interval with the pooled risk ratio of 1.34 (95 % confidence interval: 1.08-1.67, p &lt; 0.01). The statistical heterogeneity was substantial with I<sup>2</sup> of 57.0%. Forest plot of this meta-analysis is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2A</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Forest plot of the included studies assessing the association between prolonged PR and risk of all-cause mortality (2A), HF hospitalization (2B), and composite outcome (2C).</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0710-80198-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>HF hospitalization is available in two studies [2, 4] involving 16,152 normal PR and 3,031 prolonged PR. Both studies achieved statistical significance. HF hospitalization pooled risk ratio is 1.30 (95 % confidence interval: 1.16-1.45, p &lt; 0.01). The statistical heterogeneity was low with I<sup>2</sup> of 6.6%. Forest plot of this meta-analysis is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2B</xref>.</p>
        <p>Composite outcome (all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization) is available in four studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> involving 17,001 normal PR and 3,866 prolonged PR. All four studies revealed an increased death rate among patients with prolonged PR interval with two achieving statistical significance. In composite outcome, the pooled analysis also demonstrated a statistically significant increased composite outcome in CRT patients with prolonged PR interval compared to participants without prolonged PR interval with the pooled risk ratio of 1.21 (95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.30, p &lt; 0.01). The statistical heterogeneity was low with I<sup>2</sup> of 0%. Forest plot of this meta-analysis is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2C</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Sensitivity analysis</title>
        <p>To assess the stability of the results of the meta-analysis, we conducted a sensitivity analysis by excluding one study at a time. None of the results was significantly altered, indicating that our results were robust (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app2">supplementary document 2</xref>). However, after exclusion of Freidman et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> the heterogeneity decreased from 57.0% to 0% (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app3">supplementary document 3</xref>).</p>
        <p>Given moderate heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 57.0%) among all-cause mortality meta-analysis results, meta-regression (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app3">supplementary document 3</xref>) showed non-significant changes in all-cause mortality in PR interval &gt; 230 msec compared with PR interval &gt; 200 msec with risk ratio of 0.73 (95% confidence interval: 0.43-1.23, p = 0.123).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Publication bias</title>
        <p>To investigate potential publication bias, we examined the funnel plot with pseudo 95% confidence limits of the included studies in assessing change in log risk ratio of death or composite outcome (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>). The vertical axis represents study size (standard error) while the horizontal axis represents effect size (log risk ratio). From this plot, bias is present because there is asymmetrical distribution of studies on both sides of the mean. The Egger's test was significant (p &lt; 0.05). However, using the trim and fill methods in the random-effects model, there was no difference of the imputed risk ratio and its 95% confidence interval.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figure 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Funnel plot of prolonged PR and risk of all-cause mortality (3A), HF hospitalization (3B), and composite outcome (3C). Circles represent the observed published studies.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0710-80198-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The evidence provided in this systematic review and meta-analysis shows that a prolonged PR interval is significantly associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality, composite outcome, and HF hospitalization of patients with CRT.</p>
      <p>Prolongation of PR interval, also known as first-degree atrioventricular block, is independently associated with increased risk for mortality and atrial fibrillation in the general population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Even though correlation of PR interval with CRT response was conflicted in previous studies, our meta-analysis confirms the negative effect on clinical outcome in patients with prolonged PR interval. According to the Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) trial, around 50% of patients with CRT have prolonged PR interval. In addition, patients with CRT and prolonged PR interval are more likely to have ischemic cardiomyopathy, wider QRS complexes, more severe right ventricular dysfunction, and renal diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> The pathophysiology of PR prolongation causing adverse outcomes is explained by decreased ventricular filling time leading to decreased stroke volume. It can also induce ineffective mitral valve closure, causing diastolic mitral valve regurgitation, which is known to be associated with unfavorable outcomes in left ventricular dysfunction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> The study results of Gervais et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> show that after CRT placement, there is a marked subsequent shortening of the mean PR interval, which suggests that CRT cures atrioventricular dyssynchrony.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> However, our result still shows worse outcome among patients with prolonged PR interval compared to normal PR interval. The reasons for PR interval affecting CRT outcome are uncertain. In general, prolonged PR interval reflects either intrinsic intra-atrial or atrioventricular conduction defect. Thus, CRT may facilitate AV synchrony to mitigate diastolic AV valve regurgitation and improve diastolic function.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> On the other hand, with the presence of intra-atrial conduction disturbance, CRT implantation could have deleterious impact on these patients as it shortens the appropriate PR interval and causes paradoxical effect, leading to worsening heart failure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Alternatively, PR prolongation may simply be a rough marker of &#8220;sicker&#8221; heart failure patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In current heart failure guidelines, the duration of QRS, the type of bundle branch block and the presence of atrial fibrillation have been utilized as criteria for pacemaker device implantation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> Also, CRT has a range of effects which has promoted interest in refining selection criteria for this important therapy. In our analysis, we imply hat the PR interval is a promising prognostic marker in patients with heart failure requiring CRT. Thus, PR interval may also be a valuable adjunctive selection criteria.</p>
      <p>As our study has substantial heterogeneity in all cause mortality, we performed sensitivity analysis and found that after exclusion of Freidman et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> the heterogeneity decreased from 57.0% to 0%. We concluded that the most likely explanation could be from the definition criteria of the recruited studies. Friedman is the only study that defined prolonged PR as more than 230 msec whereas every other study defined prolonged PR as more than 200 msec. Therefore, a meta-regression was conducted to investigate the statistical significance of PR definition affecting the results. However, meta-regression showed non-significant changes in all-cause mortality in PR interval &gt; 230 msec compared with PR interval &gt; 200 msec.</p>
      <p>Our study has some limitations. Despite the fact that our funnel plot does not show biased data set, there are only six studies included in the analysis. In addition, PR prolongation is generally defined as PR interval exceeding 200 milliseconds. However, among the six included studies, there is only one study that defines prolonged PR interval as 230 ms and above.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Given the total number of subjects, the heterogeneity of sample is small. While there are other possible predictor variables that are not included in this study, they were already analyzed in Rickard et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> Lastly, instead of using cardiac cause-specific mortality, all-cause mortality was used as outcome of interest in the included studies, which might overestimate the total outcome.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>In conclusion, among patients requiring CRT, prolonged PR interval is an independent indicator for all-cause mortality, HF hospitalization, and composite outcome. Our result suggests that PR interval should be considered as one of the important predictors of CRT response when addressing risk stratification.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ack>
      <title>Acknowledgement</title>
      <p>We would like to thank Elysse Tom, MD for critical reading.</p>
    </ack>
    <app-group>
      <app id="app1">
        <label>Supplementary Document 1</label>
        <title>Search strategy and keywords</title>
        <p>
          <bold>Search strategy and keywords</bold>
        </p>
        <p>
          <bold>EMBASE</bold>
        </p>
        <p>
          <italic>Searching term:</italic>
        </p>
        <p>'pr interval' AND 'cardiac resynchronization therapy' AND [humans]/lim AND [english]/lim AND [clinical study]/lim</p>
        <p>
          <bold>Pubmed</bold>
        </p>
        <p>
          <italic>Searching term:</italic>
        </p>
        <p>"pr interval"[All Fields] AND "cardiac resynchronization therapy "[All Fields] NOT "case report"[All Fields]</p>
      </app>
      <app id="app2">
        <label>Supplementary Document 2</label>
        <title>
          <italic>Plot of sensitivity analysis of all-cause mortality (S2A), HF hospitalization (S2B), and composite outcome (S2C).</italic>
        </title>
        <alternatives>
          <graphic xlink:href=""/>
          <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/44gNtG3L9wHfCkWRsGGc37G/8e09c2698e67a40c7ce65f6821aa7c91cb6ab72f.jpg"/>
        </alternatives>
      </app>
      <app id="app3">
        <label>Supplementary Document 3</label>
        <title>
          <italic>Meta-regression of PR definition.</italic>
        </title>
        <alternatives>
          <graphic xlink:href=""/>
          <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/44gNtG3L9wHfCkWRsGGc37G/2886cac3995339687a868b8ec7c9f8c9fd00b018.jpg"/>
        </alternatives>
      </app>
    </app-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Epstein AE, Di Marco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA3rd, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, et al. <italic>2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society</italic>. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(3):e6-75.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Epstein</surname>
              <given-names>AE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Di Marco</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ellenbogen</surname>
              <given-names>KA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Estes</surname>
              <given-names>NA3rd</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Freedman</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gettes</surname>
              <given-names>LS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>61</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <elocation-id>e6-75</elocation-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Friedman DJ, Bao H, Spatz ES, Curtis JP, Daubert JP, Al-Khalib SM. <italic>Association between a prolonged PR interval and outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy: a report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry</italic>. Circulation, 2016;134(21):1617-28.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Friedman</surname>
              <given-names>DJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bao</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Spatz</surname>
              <given-names>ES</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Curtis</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Daubert</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Al-Khalib</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Association between a prolonged PR interval and outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy: a report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>134</volume>
          <issue>21</issue>
          <fpage>1617</fpage>
          <lpage>1628</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Waggoner AD, Kalathivetil S, Spence KE, D'avila Roman VG, de las Fuentes L.<italic>Interatrial conduction time and left atrial function in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy</italic>. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22(5):472-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Waggoner</surname>
              <given-names>AD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kalathivetil</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Spence</surname>
              <given-names>KE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>D'avila Roman</surname>
              <given-names>VG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>de las Fuentes</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Interatrial conduction time and left atrial function in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy</article-title>
          <source>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>22</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>472</fpage>
          <lpage>477</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Januszkiewicz L, Vegh E, Borgquist R, Bose A, Sharm A, Orencole M, et al. <italic>Prognostic implication of baseline PR interval in cardiac resynchronization therapy recipients</italic>. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(11):2256-62.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Januszkiewicz</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vegh</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Borgquist</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bose</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sharm</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Orencole</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prognostic implication of baseline PR interval in cardiac resynchronization therapy recipients</article-title>
          <source>Heart Rhythm</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>2256</fpage>
          <lpage>2262</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 Pires LA, Abraham WT, Young JB, Johnson KM, MIRACLE-ICD Invesigators. <italic>Clinical predictors and timing of New York Heart Association class improvement with cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with advanced chronic heart failure: results from the Multicenter InSync Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE) and Multicenter InSync ICD Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE-ICD) trials</italic>. Am Heart J. 2006;151(4):837-43.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Pires</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Abraham</surname>
              <given-names>WT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Young</surname>
              <given-names>JB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Johnson</surname>
              <given-names>KM</given-names>
            </name>
            <collab>MIRACLE-ICD Invesigators</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical predictors and timing of New York Heart Association class improvement with cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with advanced chronic heart failure: results from the Multicenter InSync Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE) and Multicenter InSync ICD Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE-ICD) trials</article-title>
          <source>Am Heart J</source>
          <year>2006</year>
          <volume>151</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>837</fpage>
          <lpage>843</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6 Gervais R, Leclercg C, Shankar A, Jacobs S, Eiskjaer H, Johannessen A. <italic>Surface electrocardiogram to predict outcome in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a sub-analysis of the CARE-HF trial</italic>. Eur J Heart Fail, 2009;11(7):699-705.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gervais</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leclercg</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shankar</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jacobs</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Eiskjaer</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Johannessen</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Surface electrocardiogram to predict outcome in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a sub-analysis of the CARE-HF trial</article-title>
          <source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>11</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>699</fpage>
          <lpage>705</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7 Lee YH, Wu JH, Asirvatham SJ, Del Carppio Munoz F, Webster T, Brooke KL, et al. <italic>Effects of atrioventricular conduction delay on the outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy</italic>. J Electrocardiol. 2014;47(6):930-5.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>YH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wu</surname>
              <given-names>JH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Asirvatham</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Del Carppio Munoz</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Webster</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brooke</surname>
              <given-names>KL</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effects of atrioventricular conduction delay on the outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy</article-title>
          <source>J Electrocardiol</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>47</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>930</fpage>
          <lpage>935</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8 Olshansky B, Day ID, Sullivan RM, Yong P, Galle E, Steinberg JC. <italic>Does cardiac resynchronization therapy provide unrecognized benefit in patients with prolonged PR intervals? The impact of restoring atrioventricular synchrony: an analysis from the COMPANION Trial</italic>. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9(1):34-9.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Olshansky</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Day</surname>
              <given-names>ID</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sullivan</surname>
              <given-names>RM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yong</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Galle</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Steinberg</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Does cardiac resynchronization therapy provide unrecognized benefit in patients with prolonged PR intervals? The impact of restoring atrioventricular synchrony: an analysis from the COMPANION Trial</article-title>
          <source>Heart Rhythm</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>34</fpage>
          <lpage>39</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9 Kutyifa V, Stockburger M, Daubert JP, Holmgrvist F, Olshansky B, Schuger C, et al. <italic>PR interval identifies clinical response in patients with non-left bundle branch block: a Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Substudy</italic>. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2014;7(4):645-51.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kutyifa</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Stockburger</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Daubert</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Holmgrvist</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Olshansky</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schuger</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>PR interval identifies clinical response in patients with non-left bundle branch block: a Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Substudy</article-title>
          <source>Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>7</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>645</fpage>
          <lpage>651</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10 Joshi NP, Stopper MM, Beshai JF, Pavri BB. <italic>Impact of baseline PR interval on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in patients with narrow QRS complexes: an analysis of the ReThinQ Trial</italic>. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2015; 43(2):145-9.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Joshi</surname>
              <given-names>NP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Stopper</surname>
              <given-names>MM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Beshai</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pavri</surname>
              <given-names>BB</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Impact of baseline PR interval on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in patients with narrow QRS complexes: an analysis of the ReThinQ Trial</article-title>
          <source>J Interv Card Electrophysiol</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>43</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>145</fpage>
          <lpage>149</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11 Stang A. <italic>Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses</italic>. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010; 25(9):603-5.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Stang</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses</article-title>
          <source>Eur J Epidemiol</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>25</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>603</fpage>
          <lpage>605</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12 Der Simonian R,Laird N. <italic>Meta-analysis in clinical trials</italic>. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7(3):177-88.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Der Simonian</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laird</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Meta-analysis in clinical trials</article-title>
          <source>Control Clin Trials</source>
          <year>1986</year>
          <volume>7</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>177</fpage>
          <lpage>188</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>13 Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. <italic>Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses</italic>. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557-60.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Higgins</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Thompson</surname>
              <given-names>SG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Deeks</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Altman</surname>
              <given-names>DG</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses</article-title>
          <source>BMJ</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>327</volume>
          <issue>7414</issue>
          <fpage>557</fpage>
          <lpage>560</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>14 Sterneb JA, Egger M. <italic>Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: guidelines on choice of axis</italic>. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54(10):1046-55.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sterneb</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Egger</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: guidelines on choice of axis</article-title>
          <source>J Clin Epidemiol</source>
          <year>2001</year>
          <volume>54</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>1046</fpage>
          <lpage>1055</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>15 Rickard J,Karim M, Baranowski B, Cantillon D, Spragg D, Tang WH, et al. <italic>Effect of PR interval prolongation on long-term outcomes in patients with left bundle branch block vs non-left bundle branch block morphologies undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy</italic>. Heart Rhythm.2017;14(10):1523-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rickard</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Karim</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baranowski</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cantillon</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Spragg</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tang</surname>
              <given-names>WH</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effect of PR interval prolongation on long-term outcomes in patients with left bundle branch block vs non-left bundle branch block morphologies undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy</article-title>
          <source>Heart Rhythm</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>1523</fpage>
          <lpage>1528</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>16 Kronborg MB, Nielsen JC, Mortensen PT. <italic>Electrocardiographic patterns and long-term clinical outcome in cardiac resynchronization therapy</italic>. Europace. 2010; 12(2):216-22.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kronborg</surname>
              <given-names>MB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nielsen</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mortensen</surname>
              <given-names>PT</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Electrocardiographic patterns and long-term clinical outcome in cardiac resynchronization therapy</article-title>
          <source>Europace</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>216</fpage>
          <lpage>222</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation>17 Cheng S, Keyes MJ, Larson MG, McCabe EL, Newton-Cheh C, Lerry D, et al.<italic>Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval or first-degree atrioventricular block</italic>. JAMA. 2009;301(24):2571-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cheng</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Keyes</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Larson</surname>
              <given-names>MG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>McCabe</surname>
              <given-names>EL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Newton-Cheh</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lerry</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval or first-degree atrioventricular block</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>301</volume>
          <issue>24</issue>
          <fpage>2571</fpage>
          <lpage>2577</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation>18 Schnittger L, Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. <italic>Diastolic mitral and tricuspid regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography in patients with atrioventricular block: new insight into the mechanism of atrioventricular valve closure</italic>. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;11(1):83-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Schnittger</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Appleton</surname>
              <given-names>CP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hatle</surname>
              <given-names>LK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Popp</surname>
              <given-names>RL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Diastolic mitral and tricuspid regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography in patients with atrioventricular block: new insight into the mechanism of atrioventricular valve closure</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>1998</year>
          <volume>11</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>83</fpage>
          <lpage>88</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation>19 Maloney J, Khoury D, Simmons T, Willkoff B, Morant V, Trohman R. <italic>Effect of atrioventricular synchrony on stroke volume during ventricular tachycardia in man</italic>. Am Heart J. 1992;123(6):1561-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Maloney</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Khoury</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Simmons</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Willkoff</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Morant</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Trohman</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effect of atrioventricular synchrony on stroke volume during ventricular tachycardia in man</article-title>
          <source>Am Heart J</source>
          <year>1992</year>
          <volume>123</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>1561</fpage>
          <lpage>1568</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation>20 Auricchio A, Ding J, Spinelli JC, Kramer AP, Salo RW, Hoersch W, et al. <italic>Cardiac resynchronization therapy restores optimal atrioventricular mechanical timing in heart failure patients with ventricular conduction delay</italic>. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(7):1163-9.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Auricchio</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ding</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Spinelli</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kramer</surname>
              <given-names>AP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Salo</surname>
              <given-names>RW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hoersch</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiac resynchronization therapy restores optimal atrioventricular mechanical timing in heart failure patients with ventricular conduction delay</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2002</year>
          <volume>39</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>1163</fpage>
          <lpage>1169</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation>21 Magnani JW, Wang N, Nelson KP, Connelly S, Deo R, Rodondi N, et al. <italic>Electrocardiographic PR interval and adverse outcomes in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study</italic>. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013;6(1):84-90.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Magnani</surname>
              <given-names>JW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nelson</surname>
              <given-names>KP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Connelly</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Deo</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rodondi</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Electrocardiographic PR interval and adverse outcomes in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study</article-title>
          <source>Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>6</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>84</fpage>
          <lpage>90</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation>22 Marcus GM. <italic>The PR interval and cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes: considering confounding, mediation, and effect modification</italic>. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9(1):40-1.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Marcus</surname>
              <given-names>GM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The PR interval and cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes: considering confounding, mediation, and effect modification</article-title>
          <source>Heart Rhythm</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>40</fpage>
          <lpage>41</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation>23 Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Drazner MH, et al. <italic>2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines</italic>. Circulation. 2013;128(16):1810-52.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Yancy</surname>
              <given-names>CW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jessup</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bozkurt</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Butler</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Casey</surname>
              <given-names>DE</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Drazner</surname>
              <given-names>MH</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>128</volume>
          <issue>16</issue>
          <fpage>1810</fpage>
          <lpage>1852</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation>24 Rickard, J, Michtalik H, Sharma R, Berger Z, Iyoha E, Green AR, et al. <italic>Predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: A systematic review</italic>. Int J Cardiol. 2016; 225:345-52.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rickard</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Michtalik</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sharma</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berger</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Iyoha</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Green</surname>
              <given-names>AR</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: A systematic review</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>225</volume>
          <fpage>345</fpage>
          <lpage>352</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Intervalo PR Basal Prolongado e Desfecho da Terapia de Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca: Revis&#227;o Sistem&#225;tica e Meta-An&#225;lise</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rattanawong</surname>
            <given-names>Pattara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Prasitlumkum</surname>
            <given-names>Narut</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Riangwiwat</surname>
            <given-names>Tanawan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kanjanahattakij</surname>
            <given-names>Napatt</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vutthikraivit</surname>
            <given-names>Wasawat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chongsathidkiet</surname>
            <given-names>Pakawat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Simpson</surname>
            <given-names>Ross J</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">5</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">University of Hawaii Internal Medicine Residency Program, Honolulu, Hava&#237; - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Department of Internal Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Filad&#233;lfia - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University, Texas - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Duke University Medical Center, Carolina do Norte - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="original">The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Carolina do Norte - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Pattara Rattanawong,</bold> 1133 waimanu st #2007. 96814, Honolulu, Hava&#237; - EUA. E-mail: <email>pattara.rattanawong@gmail.com</email>, <email>pattarar@hawaii.edu</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Rattanawong P; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Prasitlumkum N, Riangwiwat T, Kanjanahattakij N, Chongsathidkiet P; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Rattanawong P, Prasitlumkum N, Riangwiwat T, Kanjanahattakij N, Vutthikraivit W, Chongsathidkiet P; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Prasitlumkum N, Riangwiwat T, Vutthikraivit W; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Simpson RJ.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Estudos recentes sugerem que intervalo PR basal prolongado est&#225; associado a progn&#243;stico ruim para a terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (TRC). No entanto, nunca foram feitas uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e meta-an&#225;lise da literatura.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Avaliar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre intervalo PR basal prolongado e resultados adversos da TRC por meio de uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e meta-an&#225;lise da literatura.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Pesquisamos de forma abrangente os bancos de dados MEDLINE e EMBASE, desde o in&#237;cio at&#233; mar&#231;o de 2017. Os estudos inclu&#237;dos eram de coorte prospectivos ou retrospectivos que comparavam mortalidade por todas as causas, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e desfecho composto por TRC com PR basal prolongado (&gt; 200 ms) versus intervalo PR normal. Os dados de cada estudo foram combinados pelo modelo de efeitos aleat&#243;rios, vari&#226;ncia gen&#233;rica inversa de DerSimonian e Laird para calcular as raz&#245;es de risco e os intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95% (IC95%).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos seis estudos de janeiro de 1991 a maio de 2017 nesta metan&#225;lise. A taxa de mortalidade por todas as causas foi mencionada em quatro estudos envolvendo 17.432 intervalos PR normais e 4.278 prolongados. Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca foi abordada em dois estudos envolvendo 16.152 PR normais e 3.031 prolongados. Desfecho composto esteve presente em quatro estudos com 17.001 PR normais e 3.866 prolongadas. Intervalo PR prolongado foi associado a risco aumentado de mortalidade por todas as causas (raz&#227;o de risco agrupado = 1,34, IC95%: 1,08-1,67, p &lt; 0,01, I<sup>2</sup>= 57,0%), hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (raz&#227;o de risco agrupado = 1,30, 95 % de IC95%: 1,16-1,45, p &lt; 0,01, I<sup>2</sup>= 6,6%) e desfecho composto (raz&#227;o de risco agrupado = 1,21, IC95%: 1,13-1,30, p &lt; 0,01, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p>Nossa revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise suportam a hip&#243;tese de que o intervalo PR basal prolongado &#233; um preditor de mortalidade por todas as causas, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e desfecho composto em pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistema de Condu&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aco/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Dsfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Revis&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Metan&#225;lise</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Tem sido amplamente aceito que os achados de eletrocardiograma de superf&#237;cie est&#227;o associados ao progn&#243;stico de pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva que necessitaram de terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (TRC), particularmente o complexo QRS. A dura&#231;&#227;o e a morfologia do QRS &#233; um preditor de progn&#243;stico bem estabelecido entre pacientes que passam por TRC, bem como um crit&#233;rio de sele&#231;&#227;o para TRC de acordo com as diretrizes atuais <italic>da American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association</italic>, e <italic>Heart Rhythm Society.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Mais recentemente, o intervalo PR basal passou a ser considerado um fator a mais que pode afetar os resultados da TRC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Um intervalo PR prolongado &#233; marcador de um substrato ventricular menos receptivo &#224; ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o. Tamb&#233;m reflete uma combina&#231;&#227;o de condu&#231;&#227;o intra-atrial e atrioventricular intr&#237;nseca que afeta o tempo de enchimento diast&#243;lico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> N&#227;o h&#225; evid&#234;ncias claras ou explica&#231;&#245;es para a poss&#237;vel contribui&#231;&#227;o do PR prolongado no desfecho de pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC. No entanto, a literatura traz evid&#234;ncias controversas da associa&#231;&#227;o entre PR basal prolongado e os desfechos de pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca que necessitam de implante de TRC. Alguns estudos sugeriram que o PR prolongado estivesse associado &#224; taxa de morbidade e mortalidade mais alta entre esses pacientes,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> enquanto outros sugeriram rela&#231;&#227;o com resultados favor&#225;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> No entanto, n&#227;o foram feitas uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise da literatura abordando a associa&#231;&#227;o entre o intervalo PR e desfechos de TRC.</p>
        <p>Primeiro, realizamos uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica da literatura e metan&#225;lise para analisar de forma abrangente se PR basal prolongado, em compara&#231;&#227;o com o normal, se associa a desfechos em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca dependentes de TRC, avaliando-se mortalidade por todas as causas, taxa de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e desfecho composto, nosso interesse aqui.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Estrat&#233;gia de busca</title>
          <p>Dois pesquisadores (NP e TR) fizeram buscas independentes de estudos publicados e indexados nas bases de dados MEDLINE e EMBASE desde o in&#237;cio at&#233; janeiro de 2017, com estrat&#233;gia de busca que incluiu os termos &#8220;intervalo PR&#8221; e &#8220;terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca&#8221; mencionados em <xref ref-type="app" rid="app4">documento suplementar 1</xref>. Apenas publica&#231;&#245;es em ingl&#234;s foram inclu&#237;das. Tamb&#233;m foi feita uma busca manual por estudos adicionais pertinentes e artigos de revis&#227;o a partir das refer&#234;ncias dos artigos encontrados nas bases de dados.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o</title>
          <p>Os crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade inclu&#237;ram:</p>
          <list list-type="order">
            <list-item>
              <p>Estudos de coorte (prospectivo ou retrospectivo) relatando mortalidade por todas as causas, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca ou desfecho composto ap&#243;s o TRC, e dados correspondentes para os controles.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Foram fornecidos risco relativo, raz&#227;o de risco, taxa de incid&#234;ncia ou raz&#227;o de incid&#234;ncia padronizada com intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95% (IC95%) ou dados brutos suficientes para o c&#225;lculo.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Participantes sem PR prolongado foram usados como controles.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>A elegibilidade dos estudos foi determinada por dois investigadores (NP e TR) de forma independente, e as diferen&#231;as foram resolvidas por consenso m&#250;tuo. A escala de avalia&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de Newcastle-Ottawa foi usada para avaliar cada estudo em tr&#234;s dom&#237;nios: recrutamento e sele&#231;&#227;o dos participantes, similaridade e comparabilidade entre grupos, e verifica&#231;&#227;o do resultado de interesse entre os estudos de coorte.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Extra&#231;&#227;o de dados</title>
          <p>Utilizou-se um formul&#225;rio padronizado para coleta de dados, em busca das seguintes informa&#231;&#245;es de cada estudo: t&#237;tulo, nome do primeiro autor, ano do estudo, ano de publica&#231;&#227;o, pa&#237;s de origem, n&#250;mero de participantes, dados demogr&#225;ficos dos participantes, m&#233;todo para identificar casos e controles, m&#233;todo para diagnosticar os desfechos de interesse (mortalidade por todas as causas, taxa de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e desfecho composto) e tempo m&#233;dio de acompanhamento com fatores de confus&#227;o ajustados e estimativas de efeito ajustadas, com IC95% e covari&#225;veis ajustados na an&#225;lise multivariada.</p>
          <p>Para garantir a precis&#227;o, todos os pesquisadores realizaram esse processo de coleta de dados independentemente. As discrep&#226;ncias de dados foram resolvidas por consulta aos artigos originais.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Foi realizada meta-an&#225;lise dos estudos de coorte inclu&#237;dos com base em um modelo de efeitos aleat&#243;rios. Os estudos eram exclu&#237;dos da an&#225;lise se n&#227;o apresentassem um desfecho em cada grupo de interven&#231;&#227;o ou n&#227;o tivessem informa&#231;&#245;es suficientes para a compara&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua de dados. Agrupamos as estimativas pontuais de cada estudo pelo m&#233;todo gen&#233;rico de vari&#226;ncia inversa de Der Simonian e Laird.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> A heterogeneidade das estimativas do efeito de tamanho da amostra ao longo destes estudos foi quantificada pela estat&#237;stica I<sup>2</sup>. O valor da estat&#237;stica I<sup>2</sup> varia de 0 a 100% (I<sup>2</sup>&lt; 25%, baixa heterogeneidade; I<sup>2</sup> = 25%-50%, heterogeneidade moderada; e I<sup>2</sup> &gt; 50%, heterogeneidade substancial).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Foi realizada an&#225;lise de sensibilidade para avaliar a influ&#234;ncia dos estudos individuais sobre os resultados globais, omitindo-se um estudo de cada vez. Tamb&#233;m se realizou meta-regress&#227;o para explorar a fonte de heterogeneidade. O vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o foi avaliado com base no gr&#225;fico de funil e o teste de regress&#227;o de Egger<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> (p &lt; 0,05 foi considerado significativo). Todas as an&#225;lises de dados foram realizadas no software Stata/SE 14.1 da StataCorp LP.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Descri&#231;&#227;o dos estudos selecionados</title>
          <p>Nossa estrat&#233;gia de busca resultou em 580 artigos potencialmente relevantes (82 artigos da EMBASE e 498 artigos da MEDLINE). Ap&#243;s exclus&#227;o de 204 artigos duplicados, 376 foram submetidos a revis&#227;o de t&#237;tulo e resumo. Trezentos e setenta artigos foram exclu&#237;dos nesta fase, uma vez que n&#227;o eram estudos de coorte, n&#227;o relatavam o desfecho de interesse (morte incidental/hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca) ou n&#227;o tinham sido conduzidos com pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC, restando seis para revis&#227;o integral. Portanto, seis estudos de coorte retrospectivos com 17.432 pacientes apresentando PR normal e 4.278 com PR prolongada foram inclu&#237;dos na metan&#225;lise. A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">figura 1</xref> mostra o processo de busca e revis&#227;o de literatura. Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e resumo dos estudos selecionados est&#227;o descritos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Metodologia de busca e processo de sele&#231;&#227;o.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0710-80198-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e resumo dos estudos selecionados</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Autor principal</th>
                  <th align="center">Freidman</th>
                  <th align="center">Januszkiewicz</th>
                  <th align="center">Kronborg</th>
                  <th align="center">Olshansky</th>
                  <th align="center">Lee</th>
                  <th align="center">Rickard</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Pa&#237;s</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                  <td align="center">Dinamarca</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Ano</td>
                  <td align="center">2016</td>
                  <td align="center">2015</td>
                  <td align="center">2010</td>
                  <td align="center">2012</td>
                  <td align="center">2014</td>
                  <td align="center">2017</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tipo do estudo</td>
                  <td align="center">Estudo de coorte retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Estudo de coorte retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Estudo de coorte retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Estudo de coorte retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Estudo de coorte retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Estudo de coorte retrospectivo</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Descri&#231;&#227;o dos participantes</td>
                  <td align="center">Pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC (FEVE &#8804; 35 e QRS&#8805; 120)</td>
                  <td align="center">Pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC (FEVE &#8804; 35%, QRS &gt; 120, NYHA III, IV)</td>
                  <td align="center">Pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC</td>
                  <td align="center">Pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC (FEVE &#8804; 35, QRS &#8805; 120 e NYHA III, IV)</td>
                  <td align="center">Pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC (FEVE &#8804; 35, QRS &#8805; 120 e NYHA III, IV)</td>
                  <td align="center">Pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC (FEVE &#8804; 35, QRS &#8805; 120)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">M&#233;dia de acompanhamento (meses)</td>
                  <td align="center">34</td>
                  <td align="center">30,1</td>
                  <td align="center">30</td>
                  <td align="center">15,95</td>
                  <td align="center">52,4</td>
                  <td align="center">61,2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Defini&#231;&#227;o de PR prolongado</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; 230 ms</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; 200 ms</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; 200 ms</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; 200 ms</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; 200 ms</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; 200 ms</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">N&#250;mero de pacientes com PR prolongado</td>
                  <td align="center">2.906</td>
                  <td align="center">125</td>
                  <td align="center">208</td>
                  <td align="center">638</td>
                  <td align="center">204</td>
                  <td align="center">197</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">N&#250;mero de pacientes com PR n&#227;o prolongado</td>
                  <td align="center">15.994</td>
                  <td align="center">158</td>
                  <td align="center">232</td>
                  <td align="center">574</td>
                  <td align="center">199</td>
                  <td align="center">275</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Idade m&#233;dia dos pacientes</td>
                  <td align="center">75,37</td>
                  <td align="center">66,00</td>
                  <td align="center">66,00</td>
                  <td align="center">65,56</td>
                  <td align="center">66,72</td>
                  <td align="center">65,10</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Ajuste de confus&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Idade, etnia, QRS, Condu&#231;&#227;o intraventricular, cardiomiopatia n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica, NYHA, dura&#231;&#227;o da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, TGF, NUS, PAS</td>
                  <td align="center">sexo, RBBB, cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica, FA, medica&#231;&#245;es</td>
                  <td align="center">Idade, sexo, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, etiologia, NYHA, DM, FA, CDI, FEVE</td>
                  <td align="center">idade, sexo, NYHA, FEVE, BRD, QRS, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, PAS, PAD, situa&#231;&#227;o isqu&#234;mica, comorbidade, medica&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">idade, sexo, cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica, tamanho do VD, disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD, NYHA, RM, PASP, medica&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">idade, sexo, cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica, FEVE, QRS, BRE, Cr, NYHA</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2">
                <p>FA: fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial; NUS: nitrog&#234;nio ureico no sangue; Cr: creatinina; TRC: terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca; DM: Diabetes mellitus; PAD: press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica; eTFG: estimativa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular; FC: frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; CDI: desfibrilador card&#237;aco implantado; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; RM: regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PSAP: press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar; BRD: Bloqueio de ramo direito; BRE: Bloqueio de ramo esquerdo; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da qualidade dos estudos selecionados</title>
          <p>As escalas de Newcastle-Ottawa dos estudos selecionados s&#227;o listadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref> suplementar. A escala de Newcastle-Ottawa usa um sistema estelar (0 a 9) para avaliar os estudos selecionados em tr&#234;s dom&#237;nios: sele&#231;&#227;o, comparabilidade e resultados. Escores mais altos representam melhor qualidade. Os riscos de vi&#233;s intraestudo tamb&#233;m s&#227;o descritos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref> suplementar.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t5">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Newcastle-Ottawa escala dos estudos inclu&#237;dos</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="10%"/>
                <col width="10%"/>
                <col width="10%"/>
                <col width="10%"/>
                <col width="10%"/>
                <col width="10%"/>
                <col width="10%"/>
                <col width="10%"/>
                <col width="10%"/>
                <col width="10%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Estudo</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="4">sele&#231;&#227;o</th>
                  <th align="center">comparabilidade</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3">resultado</th>
                  <th align="center">
									</th>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
                  <th align="center">representatividade</th>
                  <th align="center">sele&#231;&#227;o da coorte n&#227;o exposta</th>
                  <th align="center">averigua&#231;&#227;o</th>
                  <th align="center">ponto final n&#227;o presente no in&#237;cio</th>
                  <th align="center">Comparabilidade (confundindo)</th>
                  <th align="center">Avalia&#231;&#227;o do resultado</th>
                  <th align="center">Dura&#231;&#227;o de seguimento</th>
                  <th align="center">acompanhamento de adequa&#231;&#227;o</th>
                  <th align="center">total</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Freidman</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">**</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Januszkiewicz</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">**</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Kronborg</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">**</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Olshansky</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">**</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Ying-Hsiang</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">**</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Rickard</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">**</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">*</td>
                  <td align="center">9</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <table-wrap id="t6">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Riscos intra-estudo de vi&#233;s de estudos inclu&#237;dos</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Estudo</th>
                  <th align="center">Defini&#231;&#227;o clara da popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo?</th>
                  <th align="center">Defini&#231;&#227;o clara de resultados e avalia&#231;&#227;o?</th>
                  <th align="center">Avalia&#231;&#227;o independente dos resultados? (por exemplo, por terceiros)</th>
                  <th align="center">Dura&#231;&#227;o suficiente de acompanhamento?</th>
                  <th align="center">Perda seletiva durante o acompanhamento?</th>
                  <th align="center">Limita&#231;&#245;es identificadas?</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Freidman</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Januszkiewicz</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Kronborg</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Kutyifa</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Olshansky</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Ying-Hsiang</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados da metan&#225;lise</title>
          <p>Seis estudos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> de janeiro de 1991 a maio de 2017 foram inclu&#237;dos nesta metan&#225;lise. A taxa de mortalidade por todas as causas foi citada em quatro estudos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> que envolveram 17.432 PR normais e 4.278 PR prolongados. Todos os quatro estudos reportaram aumento da taxa de mortalidade entre os pacientes com intervalo PR prolongado, mas com os quatro alcan&#231;ando signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica. A an&#225;lise agrupada demonstrou aumento estatisticamente significativo do risco de mortalidade por todas as causas em pacientes com intervalo PR prolongado comparados aos participantes sem intervalo PR prolongado, com raz&#227;o de risco agrupado de 1,34 (IC95%: 1,08-1,67, p &lt; 0,01). A heterogeneidade estat&#237;stica foi substancial, com I<sup>2</sup> de 57,0%. O gr&#225;fico de floresta desta metan&#225;lise consta na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2A</xref>.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f5">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Gr&#225;fico de floresta dos estudos inclu&#237;dos que avaliavam a associa&#231;&#227;o entre PR prolongado e risco de mortalidade por todas as causas (2A), hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (2B) e desfecho composto (2C).</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0710-80198-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca foi abordada em dois estudos [2, 4] envolvendo 16.152 PR normais e 3.031 PR prolongados. Ambos alcan&#231;aram signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica. A taxa de risco conjunto de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca foi 1,30 (IC95%: 1,16-1,45, p &lt; 0,01). A heterogeneidade estat&#237;stica foi baixa, com I<sup>2</sup> de 6,6%. O gr&#225;fico de floresta desta metan&#225;lise &#233; mostrado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2B</xref>.</p>
          <p>Desfecho composto (mortalidade por todas as causas e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca) foi encontrada em quatro estudos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> envolvendo 17.001 PR normais e 3.866 PR prolongados. Todos os quatro estudos reportaram aumento da taxa de mortalidade entre os pacientes com intervalo PR prolongado, dois deles tendo alcan&#231;ado signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica. No desfecho composto, a an&#225;lise agrupada tamb&#233;m teve resultado composto estatisticamente significativo em pacientes submeetidos &#224; TRC com intervalo PR prolongado em compara&#231;&#227;o aos participantes sem intervalo PR prolongado com a raz&#227;o de risco agrupado de 1,21 (IC95%: 1,13-1,30, p &lt; 0,01). A heterogeneidade estat&#237;stica foi baixa, com I<sup>2</sup> de 0%. O gr&#225;fico de floresta desta metan&#225;lise se encontra na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2C</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Analise de sensibilidade</title>
          <p>Para avaliar a estabilidade dos resultados da meta-an&#225;lise, foi feita an&#225;lise de sensibilidade, excluindo-se um estudo de cada vez. Nenhum dos resultados apresentou-se significativamente alterado, o que indica que nossos resultados foram robustos (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app5">documento suplementar 2</xref>). No entanto, ap&#243;s exclus&#227;o de Freidman et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A heterogeneidade diminuiu de 57,0% para 0% (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app6">documento suplementar 3</xref>).</p>
          <p>Dada a heterogeneidade moderada (I<sup>2</sup> = 57,0%) entre os resultados de meta-an&#225;lise de mortalidade por todas as causes, a meta-regress&#227;o (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app6">documento suplementar 3</xref>) mostrou altera&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o significativas na mortalidade por todas as causas no intervalo PR &gt; 230 msec em compara&#231;&#227;o ao intervalo PR &gt; 200 msec, com raz&#227;o de risco de 0,73 (IC95%: 0,43-1,23, p = 0,123).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o</title>
          <p>Para investigar o poss&#237;vel vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o, examinamos o gr&#225;fico de funil com pseudolimites de confian&#231;a de 95% dos estudos selecionados ao avaliar a mudan&#231;a na raz&#227;o de risco log de morte ou desfecho composto (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3</xref>). O eixo vertical representa o tamanho do estudo (erro padr&#227;o), enquanto o eixo horizontal representa o tamanho do efeito (raz&#227;o de risco log). Com base nisso, existe vi&#233;s porque h&#225; distribui&#231;&#227;o assim&#233;trica de estudos em ambos os lados da m&#233;dia. O teste de Egger foi significativo (p &lt; 0,05). No entanto, utilizando os m&#233;todos <italic>trim e fill</italic> no modelo de efeitos aleat&#243;rios, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a entre a raz&#227;o de risco imputado e seu IC95%.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f6">
              <label>Figure 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Gr&#225;fico de funil de PR prolongado e risco de mortalidade por todas as causas (3A), hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (3B) e desfecho composto (3C). Os c&#237;rculos representam os estudos encontrados.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0710-80198-gf03-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>As evid&#234;ncias fornecidas nesta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise apontam que intervalo PR prolongado se associa significativamente a um risco aumentado de mortalidade por todas as causas, desfecho composto e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca em pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC.</p>
        <p>Intervalo PR prolongado, tamb&#233;m conhecido como bloqueio atrioventricular de primeiro grau, associa-se independentemente ao aumento do risco de mortalidade e fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial na popula&#231;&#227;o geral.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Embora a correla&#231;&#227;o do intervalo PR com a resposta da TRC tenha sido conflitante em estudos anteriores, nossa meta-an&#225;lise confirma o seu efeito negativo no desfecho cl&#237;nico de pacientes com intervalo PR prolongado. De acordo com o estudo <italic>Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing and Defibrillation in Heart Failure</italic> (COMPANION), cerca de 50% dos pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC t&#234;m intervalo PR prolongado. Al&#233;m disso, pacientes de TRC e que apresentam intervalo PR prolongado s&#227;o mais suscet&#237;veis a apresentar cardiomiopatia isqu&#234;mica, complexos QRS mais amplos, disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita mais grave e doen&#231;as renais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A fisiopatologia do PR prolongado como causa de desfechos adversos &#233; explicada pela diminui&#231;&#227;o do tempo de enchimento ventricular, levando &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o do volume sist&#243;lico. Tamb&#233;m pode induzir o fechamento valvar mitral ineficaz, causando regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral diast&#243;lica, que, sabe-se, est&#225; associada a desfechos desfavor&#225;veis na disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Segundo os resultados do estudo de Gervais et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> ap&#243;s TRC, h&#225; um encurtamento subsequente acentuado do intervalo PR m&#233;dio, o que sugere que a TRC cura a dissincronia atrioventricular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> No entanto, nosso resultado ainda indica pior evolu&#231;&#227;o entre pacientes com intervalo PR prolongado em compara&#231;&#227;o ao intervalo PR normal.</p>
        <p>Os motivos que levam o intervalo PR a afetarem o resultado da TRC s&#227;o incertos. Em geral, o PR prolongado reflete um defeito intr&#237;nseco de condu&#231;&#227;o intra-atrial ou atrioventricular. Assim, a TRC pode facilitar a sincronia AV para mitigar a regurgita&#231;&#227;o valvar diast&#243;lica e melhorar a fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Por outro lado, com o dist&#250;rbio de condu&#231;&#227;o intra-atrial, o implante de TRC poderia ter impefeito delet&#233;rio nesses pacientes, pois encurta o intervalo PR adequado e causa efeito paradoxal, levando ao agravamento da insufici&#234;ncia cardiac.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Alternativamente, o PR prolongado pode ser simplesmente um marcador aproximado de pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#8220;mais doentes&#8221;.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nas atuais diretrizes de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, a dura&#231;&#227;o do QRS, o tipo de bloqueio atrioventricular e a presen&#231;a de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial t&#234;m sido crit&#233;rios para o implante de marca-passo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> Al&#233;m disso, a TRC tem uma gama de efeitos que promoveu o interesse em refinar os crit&#233;rios de sele&#231;&#227;o para esta importante terapia. Em nossa an&#225;lise, sugerimos que o intervalo PR &#233; um marcador progn&#243;stico promissor em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca que necessitam de TRC. Assim, tamb&#233;m pode ser um valioso crit&#233;rio de sele&#231;&#227;o adjunta.</p>
        <p>Como nosso estudo apresenta substancial heterogeneidade para mortalidade de todas as causas, realizamos an&#225;lise de sensibilidade e constatamos que, ap&#243;s exclus&#227;o de Freidman et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> a heterogeneidade diminuiu de 57,0% para 0%. Conclu&#237;mos que a explica&#231;&#227;o mais prov&#225;vel poderia ser os crit&#233;rios de defini&#231;&#227;o dos estudos selecionados. O estudo de Friedman foi o &#250;nico que definiu PR prolongado em mais de 230 msec, enquanto todos os outros estudos definiram a PR prolongada em mais de 200 msexc. Portanto, foi conduzida uma meta-regress&#227;o para investigar a signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica da defini&#231;&#227;o de PR que afeta os resultados. No entanto, a meta-regress&#227;o mostrou altera&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o significativas de mortalidade por todas as causas no intervalo PR &gt; 230 msec em compara&#231;&#227;o com o intervalo PR &gt; 200 msec.</p>
        <p>Nosso estudo teve algumas limita&#231;&#245;es. Apesar de o nosso gr&#225;fico de funil n&#227;o mostrar um conjunto de dados com vi&#233;s, apenas seis estudos fizeram parte da an&#225;lise. Al&#233;m disso, o PR prolongado &#233; geralmente definido como intervalo PR superior a 200 milissegundos. No entanto, dentre os seis estudos inclu&#237;dos, apenas um estudo o definiu em 230 msec ou mais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Dado o n&#250;mero total de indiv&#237;duos, a amostra tem pouca heterogeneidade. Embora existam outras poss&#237;veis vari&#225;veis preditoras que n&#227;o foram inclu&#237;das neste estudo, elas j&#225; foram analisadas em Rickard et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> Por fim, em vez de usar a mortalidade por causa card&#237;aca espec&#237;fica, a mortalidade por todas as causas foi considerada resultado de interesse nos estudos selecionados, o que pode superestimar o resultado total.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Entre os pacientes que necessitam de TRC, o intervalo PR prolongado &#233; um indicador independente de mortalidade por todas as causas, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e desfecho composto. Nossos resultados sugerem que o intervalo PR deve ser considerado um dos importantes preditores da resposta da TRC ao abordar a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <ack>
        <title>Agradecimentos</title>
        <p>Gostar&#237;amos de agradecer ao Dr. Elysse Tom pela leitura cr&#237;tica.</p>
      </ack>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app4">
          <label>Documento Suplementar 1</label>
          <title>Estrat&#233;gia de busca e palavras-chave</title>
          <p>
            <bold>Estrat&#233;gia de pesquisa e palavras-chave</bold>
          </p>
          <p>
            <bold>EMBASE</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Termos de pesquisa:</p>
          <p>'pr interval' AND 'cardiac resynchronization therapy' AND [humans]/lim AND [english]/lim AND [clinical study]/lim</p>
          <p>
            <bold>Pubmed</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Termos de pesquisa:</p>
          <p>"pr interval"[All Fields] AND "cardiac resynchronization therapy "[All Fields] NOT "case report"[All Fields]</p>
        </app>
        <app id="app5">
          <label>Documento Suplementar 2</label>
          <title>An&#225;lise de sensibilidade de mortalidade por todas as causas (S2A), hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (S2B) e desfecho composto (S2C).</title>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0710-80198-e01-pt.jpg"/></app>
        <app id="app6">
          <label>Documento Suplementar 3</label>
          <title>Meta-regress&#227;o da defini&#231;&#227;o de PR.</title>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-05-0710-80198-e02-pt.jpg"/></app>
      </app-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
