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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">HwJfxdBpd4wJVYfmzzRmynq</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001700708</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180225</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>High Intensity Exercises in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Herdy</surname>
            <given-names>Artur Haddad</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Benetti</surname>
            <given-names>Magnus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Florian&#243;polis</city>
          <state>SC</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina, Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Florian&#243;polis</city>
          <state>SC</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Florian&#243;polis</city>
          <state>SC</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Artur Haddad Herdy,</bold> Rua Newton Ramos, 91, Apt 601-A. Postal Code 88015-395, Centro, Florian&#243;polis,. SC - Brazil E-mail: <email>arherdy@cardiosport.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>708</fpage>
      <lpage>709</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke Volume</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesity</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise Therapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Breating Exercises</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) comprises several pathologies that present with variable degrees of dyspnea, high filling pressures, structural or diastolic alterations and great limitation to exercise.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> HFpEF can represent up to 50% of cases of hospital admissions due to decompensated heart failure (HF).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Hypertension and obesity are conditions frequently associated with HFpEF and the adequate management of these two pathologies are essential for the treatment of this syndrome. One of the main characteristics of patients with HFpEF is the intolerance to exercise at different degrees and through diverse mechanisms.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Exercises are among the main therapeutic strategies for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HFpEF, being important agents in decreasing the morbidity and mortality of these patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Among the benefits of aerobic training in patients with HFpEF, we can highlight the improvement in endothelial function and arterial stiffness, contributing to the improvement of cardiovascular dynamics and symptoms.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> The physical training programs offered to patients with HF in cardiac rehabilitation services involve primarily aerobic exercises supplemented by resistant exercises, stretching and, in some cases, respiratory exercises.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Aerobic exercises can be continuous, of moderate intensity or intercalating high and low-intensity efforts. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is currently one of the most effective methods for improving cardiorespiratory and metabolic function. HIIT involves repeated activities, from short to long ones, of high-intensity exercises combined with periods of active or passive recovery.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Kiviniemi et al. have recently reported that HIIT is superior to traditional continuous aerobic training in improving cardiac autonomic function and suggested that the effect verified on post-HIIT autonomic function was related to improved baroreflex modulation and vagal control.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>There are several potential adaptations that explain the positive changes induced by HIIT on the autonomic cardiac function. One of the potential mechanisms related to HIIT-induced improvement in cardiac vagal tone may be angiotensin II, which inhibits cardiac vagal activity. Sedentary or physically inactive individuals have higher plasma renin activity when compared to those who are physically active. Exercise causes angiotensin II suppression, which can, to some extent, mediate the improvement in cardiac vagal tone.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Studies have also suggested that HIIT induces increased baroreflex sensitivity and reduces arterial stiffness.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
			</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Comments about the current study</title>
        <p>In this interesting study, designed for the assessment of the acute effects of a single session of high-intensity interval training, Lima et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> studied post-training changes in blood pressure (BP) and endothelial function in 16 patients with HFpEF. As main results, it was possible to demonstrate a significant increase in the brachial artery diameter with a corresponding reduction in systolic BP. These findings indicate the potential benefit of this type of training for patients with HFpEF, with an improvement in blood pressure levels and, possibly, a beneficial effect on ventricular function.</p>
        <p>Although the authors did not find any significant changes in the flow-mediated dilation index, questions have been raised about the real importance and interpretation of this measurement.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> The BP reduction after the exercise sessions tends to last for hours, acting as powerful adjuvants to the vasodilation effects of antihypertensive drugs, which are commonly used in HFpEF. BP control is among the main goals for symptom improvement in HFpEF, and exercises are crucial to attain this goal and improve diastolic function.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Limitations and conclusions</title>
      <p>This experiment used a single training group, without a control group for better definition of the effects and lower chance of bias when assessing the results. Although the number of patients was small, the positive results encourage better designed future researches, with a larger number of individuals to define the role of this training modality in HFpEF. These patients have an expressive limitation to exercises and strategies that improve BP and diastolic function show great potential for benefits in functional class improvement and, likely, in morbimortality reduction.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Vasodilation and Reduction of Systolic Blood Pressure after One Session of High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients With Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Exerc&#237;cios de Alta Intensidade na Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca com Fra&#231;&#227;o de Eje&#231;&#227;o Preservada</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Herdy</surname>
            <given-names>Artur Haddad</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Benetti</surname>
            <given-names>Magnus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina, Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Artur Haddad Herdy,</bold> Rua Newton Ramos, 91, Apt 601-A. CEP 88015-395, Centro, Florian&#243;polis,. SC - Brasil E-mail: <email>arherdy@cardiosport.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Volume Sist&#243;lico</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapia por Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cios Respirat&#243;rios</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada (ICFEP) compreende uma s&#233;rie de patologias que cursam com variados graus de dispneia, elevadas press&#245;es de enchimento, altera&#231;&#245;es estruturais ou diast&#243;licas e muita limita&#231;&#227;o aos exerc&#237;cios.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> A ICFEP pode representar at&#233; 50% dos casos de interna&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) descompensadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A hipertens&#227;o e a obesidade s&#227;o condi&#231;&#245;es frequentemente associadas a ICFEP e o manejo adequado destas duas patologias s&#227;o essenciais para o tratamento desta s&#237;ndrome. Uma das principais caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes com ICFEP, &#233; a intoler&#226;ncia aos esfor&#231;os em variados graus e por mecanismos diversos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Os exerc&#237;cios figuram entre as principais medidas terap&#234;uticas para o tratamento da ICFE reduzida e ICFEP, mostrando-se como importantes agentes na redu&#231;&#227;o da morbimortalidade desses pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Dentre os benef&#237;cios do treinamento aer&#243;bio em pacientes com ICFEP pode-se destacar a melhora da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial e a rigidez arterial contribuindo para melhora da din&#226;mica cardiovascular e sintomas dessa patologia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Os programas de treinamento f&#237;sico oferecidos para pacientes com IC em servi&#231;os de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca envolvem, principalmente, exerc&#237;cios aer&#243;bicos complementados por exerc&#237;cios de for&#231;a, alongamentos e em alguns casos exerc&#237;cios respirat&#243;rios.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Os exerc&#237;cios aer&#243;bicos podem ser cont&#237;nuos, de moderada intensidade ou intervalados com alta e baixa intensidade. O treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT), &#233; hoje um dos m&#233;todos mais eficazes para melhorar a fun&#231;&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria e metab&#243;lica. O HIIT envolve atividades repetidas, curtas a longas, de exerc&#237;cios de alta intensidade intercaladas com per&#237;odos de recupera&#231;&#227;o ativa ou passiva.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Kiviniemi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> relataram recentemente que o HIIT &#233; superior ao treinamento aer&#243;bico cont&#237;nuo tradicional na melhora da fun&#231;&#227;o auton&#244;mica card&#237;aca e sugeriram que o efeito verificado na fun&#231;&#227;o auton&#244;mica p&#243;s-HIIT estava relacionada a uma melhor modula&#231;&#227;o do barorreflexo e controle vagal.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Existem v&#225;rias adapta&#231;&#245;es potenciais que explicam as mudan&#231;as positivas induzidas pelo HIIT no funcionamento auton&#244;mico do cora&#231;&#227;o. Um dos potenciais mecanismos relacionados a melhora do t&#244;nus vagal card&#237;aco induzido pelo HIIT pode ser a angiotensina II. A angiotensina II inibe a atividade vagal card&#237;aca. Indiv&#237;duos sedent&#225;rios ou fisicamente inativos t&#234;m maior atividade da renina plasm&#225;tica quando comparado a pessoas que se exercitam. O exerc&#237;cio causa a supress&#227;o da angiotensina II, que pode, at&#233; certo ponto, mediar o aumento do t&#244;nus vagal card&#237;aco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Pesquisas tamb&#233;m sugeriram que o HIIT induz o aumento da sensibilidade do barorreflexo e a redu&#231;&#227;o da rigidez arterial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Coment&#225;rios sobre o estudo atual</title>
          <p>Neste interessante estudo, desenhado para a avalia&#231;&#227;o dos efeitos agudos de uma &#250;nica sess&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio intervalado de alta intensidade, Lima et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> estudaram as modifica&#231;&#245;es p&#243;s treino na press&#227;o arterial (PA) e fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial de 16 pacientes com ICFEP. Como principais resultados, foi poss&#237;vel demonstrar um aumento significativo no di&#226;metro da art&#233;ria braquial com correspondente redu&#231;&#227;o na PA sist&#243;lica. Esses achados sinalizam para o potencial benef&#237;cio deste tipo de treinamento para pacientes com ICFEP, com melhora dos n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos e efeito ben&#233;fico talvez na fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular. Embora os autores n&#227;o tenham encontrado modifica&#231;&#245;es significativas no &#237;ndice de dilata&#231;&#227;o fluxo mediado, essa medida tem sido alvo de questionamentos sobre sua real import&#226;ncia e interpreta&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> A redu&#231;&#227;o da PA ap&#243;s as sess&#245;es de exerc&#237;cios tende a se prolongar por horas, atuando como potentes adjuvantes aos efeitos vasodilatadores dos anti-hipertensivos, que comumente s&#227;o utilizados na ICFEP. A otimiza&#231;&#227;o do controle da PA est&#225; entre as principais metas para melhora dos sintomas na ICFEP, e os exerc&#237;cios s&#227;o fundamentais para esse objetivo e melhora da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es e conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>Esse experimento utilizou apenas um grupo de treinamento, sem um grupo controle para melhor defini&#231;&#227;o dos efeitos e menor chance de viez na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos resultados. Apesar do n&#250;mero de pacientes ter sido pequeno, os resultados positivos estimulam futuras pesquisas mais bem desenhadas, com um n&#250;mero maior de indiv&#237;duos para se definir o papel dessa modalidade de treinamento na ICFEP. Esses pacientes t&#234;m muita limita&#231;&#227;o aos exerc&#237;cios e estrat&#233;gias que melhorem a PA e a fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica tem grande potencial de benef&#237;cios na melhora da classe funcional e prov&#225;vel redu&#231;&#227;o de morbimortalidade.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Vasodilata&#231;&#227;o e Redu&#231;&#227;o da Press&#227;o Arterial Sist&#243;lica ap&#243;s uma Sess&#227;o de Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca com Fra&#231;&#227;o de Eje&#231;&#227;o Preservada</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
