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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">fKJDCHMQbJttC6FhVGTjFjq</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001700674</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180203</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mortality for Critical Congenital Heart Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Newborns. A Cohort Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Andressa Mussi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Evang&#233;lico de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Cachoeiro de Itapemirim</city>
          <state>ES</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Evang&#233;lico de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Departamento de Cardiopatia Cong&#234;nita e Cardiologia Pedi&#225;trica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiopatia Cong&#234;nita e Cardiologia Pedi&#225;trica - Gest&#227;o 2018-19, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Andressa Mussi Soares</bold>, Rua Papa Jo&#227;o XXIII, 1 apto 1202. Postal Code 29303-297, Gilberto Machado, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES - Brazil. Email: <email>amussisoares@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>674</fpage>
      <lpage>675</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Infant,Newborn</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Programs and Plans</kwd>
        <kwd>Maternal and Child Health</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Congenital heart disease (CHD) is any change in the anatomy of the heart and its blood vessels that occurs within the first 8 weeks of gestation. The manifestation of CHD is very variable and may occur soon after birth or appear later in childhood or adolescence.</p>
    <p>The incidence of CHD is 8 to 10 per 1000 live births, or one in one hundred births. In Brazil, 28,900 children are born with CHD per year (1% of the total birth), of which about 80% (23,800) need cardiac surgery, and half of them need to be operated in the first year of life.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Congenital malformations represent the second main cause of mortality in children under one year of age. CHD is the most frequent and with high mortality in the first year of life in Brazil, and the third cause of death up to 30 days of life.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
		</p>
    <p>About five decades ago, nearly 70 percent of children with CHD had an unfavorable outcome and were unable to reach adulthood, as surgery and interventional procedures were not yet available. This panorama has changed much, especially in the developed countries, which have been organized in relation to care in all its stages, from the fetal life to the adult with CHD. In these countries, the life expectancy of newborns (NB) with CHD reaches 85%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
		</p>
    <p>The current national panorama requires urgent measures to improve survival, especially in the neonatal age group. The article "Mortality for Critical Congenital Heart Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Newborns. A Cohort Study" depicts clearly in a sample of 52 cases of critical CHD, the overall situation of our country, even considering the regional differences. It is known that comprehensive care for the child with CHD in Brazil is still one of the major challenges of Health Unic System (SUS). The continental dimensions of country and the unequal geographical distribution of reference centers of cardiology and pediatric surgery are determining factors in this process.</p>
    <p>In this study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> the authors identified that the risk of death in NB infants with CHD was twice as high among premature infants with low birth weight and Apgar &lt; 7 in the first minute of life. The presence of some comorbidity, besides CHD, was associated with the outcome and increased the risk by almost three times. All NB with CHD were placed in the regulation process and did not perform any interventional procedures until the transfer, since none of the maternity hospitals had cardiac surgery services. This reality is frequent in our country, since there are only 69 centers in pediatric cardiac surgery. The average time of hospital stay in this study was 75 days and 25% of the NB with CHD had already died in the neonatal period. The incidence of death in cases of CHD was alarming in a total of 81/100 thousand live births, with cardiogenic shock being the main cause in 41.1% of the cases. Countries in socioeconomic conditions similar to those in Brazil have a global incidence rate of deaths due to CHD of 20 to 30/100 thousand births.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>The time of referencing of the NB with critical CHD is proportionally related to mortality, the longer the delay, the higher the mortality, as demonstrated in the study by Fixler et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> reaching the next 80% for hypoplastic left heart syndrome.</p>
    <p>In 2017, the Brazilian Ministry of Health launched a federal project to expand childcare with CHD,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> with the goal of increasing the care of children with CHD per year by 30%, which corresponds to more than 3,400 procedures per year, totalizing about 12,600 procedures / year, which would impact in great reduction of neonatal mortality. The study in question corroborates that CHD care in our country needs intervention, remodeling and restructuring in several phases of its process,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> in order to achieve effective goals of reducing the morbidity and mortality of NB and children.</p>
    <p>Establishing sustainable cardiac surgery and hemodynamic programs requires more than a financial investment; it involves specific political, social, and cultural issues in each region. Organizations wishing to assist in the development of congenital and pediatric cardiac centers need to focus on two-way communication and education and to maintain a long-term commitment to each location.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> The commitment of the nation in several spheres is fundamental to change this panorama in the public health and is a matter of social security in our country.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Mortality for Critical Congenital Heart Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Newborns. A Cohort Study</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mortalidade para Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas e Fatores de Risco Associados em Rec&#233;m-Nascidos. Um Estudo de Coorte</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Andressa Mussi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Evang&#233;lico de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiopatia Cong&#234;nita e Cardiologia Pedi&#225;trica - Gest&#227;o 2018-19, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Andressa Mussi Soares,</bold> Rua Papa Jo&#227;o XXIII, 1 apto 1202. CEP 29303-297, Gilberto Machado, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES - Brasil Email: <email>amussisoares@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Rec&#233;m-Nascido</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome do Cora&#231;&#227;o Esquerdo Hipopl&#225;sico/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Planos e Programas de Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Sa&#250;de Materno- Infantil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiopatia cong&#234;nita (CC) &#233; qualquer altera&#231;&#227;o na anatomia do cora&#231;&#227;o e de seus vasos sangu&#237;neos que ocorre nas primeiras 8 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o. A manifesta&#231;&#227;o de CC &#233; muito vari&#225;vel e pode ocorrer logo ap&#243;s o nascimento ou aparecer mais tarde na inf&#226;ncia ou adolesc&#234;ncia.</p>
      <p>A incid&#234;ncia de CC &#233; de 8 a 10 por mil nascidos vivos, ou um em cem nascimentos. No Brasil, 28.900 crian&#231;as nascem com CC por ano (1% do total de nascimentos), das quais cerca de 80% (23.800) necessitam de cirurgia card&#237;aca, e metade delas precisa ser operada no primeiro ano de vida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>As malforma&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas representam a segunda principal causa de mortalidade em crian&#231;as menores de um ano de idade. A CC &#233; a mais frequente e com alta mortalidade no primeiro ano de vida no Brasil e a terceira causa de &#243;bito at&#233; os 30 dias de vida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>H&#225; cinco d&#233;cadas atr&#225;s, quase 70% das crian&#231;as com cardiopatia cong&#234;nita tinham um desfecho desfavor&#225;vel e n&#227;o conseguiam atingir a idade adulta, pois os procedimentos cir&#250;rgicos e intervencionistas ainda n&#227;o estavam dispon&#237;veis. Esse panorama mudou muito, principalmente nos pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos, que se organizaram em rela&#231;&#227;o ao cuidado em todas as suas etapas, da vida fetal ao adulto com CC. Nesses pa&#237;ses, a expectativa de vida dos rec&#233;m-nascidos (RN) com CC atinge 85%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>O panorama nacional atual requer medidas urgentes para melhorar a sobrevida, especialmente na faixa et&#225;ria neonatal. O artigo "Mortalidade para Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas e Fatores de Risco Associados em Rec&#233;m-Nascidos. Um Estudo de Coorte" mostra claramente, em uma amostra de 52 casos de cardiopatia cong&#234;nita cr&#237;tica, a situa&#231;&#227;o geral de nosso pa&#237;s, mesmo considerando as diferen&#231;as regionais. Sabe-se que o atendimento integral &#224; crian&#231;a com CC no Brasil ainda &#233; um dos grandes desafios do SUS. As dimens&#245;es continentais do pa&#237;s e a distribui&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica desigual dos centros de refer&#234;ncia de cardiologia e cirurgia card&#237;aca pedi&#225;trica s&#227;o fatores determinantes nesse processo.</p>
      <p>Neste estudo,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> os autores identificaram que o risco de morte em RN com CC foi duas vezes maior entre prematuros com baixo peso ao nascer e Apgar &lt; 7 no primeiro minuto de vida. A presen&#231;a de alguma comorbidade, al&#233;m da CC, associou-se ao desfecho e aumentou o risco em quase tr&#234;s vezes. Todos os RN com CC foram colocados no processo de regula&#231;&#227;o, mas n&#227;o realizaram nenhum procedimento intervencionista at&#233; a transfer&#234;ncia, pois nenhuma das maternidades possu&#237;a servi&#231;o de cirurgia card&#237;aca. Essa realidade &#233; frequente em nosso pa&#237;s, uma vez que existem apenas 69 centros de cirurgia card&#237;aca pedi&#225;trica. O tempo m&#233;dio de perman&#234;ncia hospitalar, neste estudo, foi de 75 dias e 25% dos RN com CC j&#225; haviam morrido no per&#237;odo neonatal. A incid&#234;ncia de morte nos casos de CC foi alarmante, num total de 81/100 mil nascidos vivos, sendo o choque cardiog&#234;nico a principal causa em 41,1% dos casos. Pa&#237;ses em condi&#231;&#245;es socioecon&#244;micas semelhantes aos do Brasil t&#234;m uma taxa de incid&#234;ncia global de mortes por CC de 20 a 30/100 mil nascimentos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>O tempo de referenciamento do RN com CC cr&#237;tica est&#225; proporcionalmente relacionado &#224; mortalidade. Quanto maior o retardo, maior a mortalidade, como demonstrado no estudo de Fixler et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> atingindo quase 80% para s&#237;ndrome do cora&#231;&#227;o esquerdo hipopl&#225;sico.</p>
      <p>Em 2017, o Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de lan&#231;ou um projeto federal para ampliar a assist&#234;ncia &#224; crian&#231;a com CC,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> com o objetivo de aumentar em 30% o atendimento de crian&#231;as com CC por ano, correspondendo a mais de 3.400 procedimentos, totalizando cerca de 12.600 procedimentos / ano, o que impactaria na grande redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade neonatal. O estudo em quest&#227;o corrobora que o atendimento a CC em nosso pa&#237;s necessita de interven&#231;&#227;o, remodelagem e reestrutura&#231;&#227;o em v&#225;rias fases de seu processo,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> a fim de atingir metas efetivas de redu&#231;&#227;o da morbimortalidade de RN e crian&#231;as.</p>
      <p>O estabelecimento de programas de cirurgia card&#237;aca e hemodin&#226;mica sustent&#225;veis exige mais do que um investimento financeiro; envolve quest&#245;es pol&#237;ticas, sociais e culturais espec&#237;ficas em cada regi&#227;o. As organiza&#231;&#245;es que desejam ajudar no desenvolvimento de centros card&#237;acos cong&#234;nitos e pedi&#225;tricos precisam focar na comunica&#231;&#227;o e na educa&#231;&#227;o de m&#227;o dupla e manter um compromisso de longo prazo com cada local.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> O comprometimento da na&#231;&#227;o em diversas esferas &#233; primordial para mudan&#231;a deste panorama na sa&#250;de p&#250;blica e &#233; uma quest&#227;o de seguridade social em nosso pa&#237;s.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial do artigo referente: Mortalidade para Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas e Fatores de Risco Associados em Rec&#233;m-Nascidos. Um Estudo de Coorte</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
