<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">jjQsSpqtXDQK7xhmZWTP6tP</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001600638</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180195</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Takayasu Arteritis: From Diagnosis to a Life-Threatening Complication</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cordeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Filipa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Sofia Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Salvador</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>J. Ilidio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Vila Real</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro</institution>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Hospital de Vila Real, Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Filipa Cordeiro,</bold> Rua da Pena, n&#186;420. 4750-693, Barcelos, Braga - Portugal. E-mail: <email>filipabritocordeiro@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p> Writing of the manuscript: Cordeiro F; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Cordeiro F, Carvalho SS, Salvador F, Ferreira A, Moreira JL.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>638</fpage>
      <lpage>639</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Takayasu Arteritis/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortitis/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Takayasu Arteritis/diagnostic imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Vasculitis.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A fifty-two-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted for severe epigastric pain irradiating to the back. Physical examination and electrocardiogram were normal. Laboratory tests showed leucocytosis (11100 cells/uL) and increased levels of C-reactive protein (15.6 mg/dl). Due to the suspicion of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), she underwent computed tomography (CT), which showed a low attenuation circumferential mural thickening of the aorta (43 Hounsfield units (HU)), which enhanced (73 HU) after contrast administration (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1 A</xref>-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">C</xref>), suggestive of aortitis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Transesophageal echocardiogram also revealed thickened thoracic aorta (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1 D</xref>). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of aortitis and excluded intramural hematoma (mural thickening hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> (Figures E-F). Infectious serologies were negative.</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>A) Non-contrast computed tomography showing low-attenuation concentric mural thickening of the thoracic and abdominal aorta (43 HU). B and C) Computed tomography angiography revealing enhancement of the mural thickening of the thoracic and abdominal aorta (73 HU). D) Transesophageal echocardiogram presenting thickening of the thoracic aorta after the Valsalva sinus. E and F) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating that mural thickening was hypointense on T1-weighted images (E, orange arrow) and hyperintense on T2-weighted images (F, red arrow), consistent with aortitis. G) Positron emission. Tomography after fifteen days of steroid therapy showing a discrete tracer uptake in the thoracic aorta (white arrow). H) Computed tomography angiography revealing type A aortic dissection six weeks after the initial diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-04-0638-80195-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>The patient was diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis (TA) at initial inflammatory phase and initiated treatment with high-dose steroids. There was a reduction of serum inflammatory markers and aortic wall inflammation. Positron emission tomography after fifteen days of therapy showed a discrete tracer uptake in the thoracic aorta (Figure G). After six weeks of treatment, the patient initiated severe back pain. CT angiography showed type A aortic dissection (Figure H). She underwent emergent cardiac surgery, which included resection of ascending aorta, replacement with an artificial graft and obliteration of distal false lumen. Postoperative period was uneventful.</p>
    <p>TA is a rare, large-vessel vasculitis characterized by an inflammatory phase followed by a pulseless phase.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Multimodality imaging is useful for diagnosis, which can be challenging due to the similarities with AAS, and follow-up.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Aortic dissection is an exceptionally rare complication.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
		</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Hartlage GR, Palios J, Barron BJ,Stillman AE, Bossone E, Clements SD, et al. Multimodality imaging of aortitis. <italic>JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</italic>. 2014;7(6): 605-19.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Hartlage</surname>
              <given-names>GR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Palios</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barron</surname>
              <given-names>BJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Stillman</surname>
              <given-names>AE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bossone</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Clements</surname>
              <given-names>SD</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Multimodality imaging of aortitis</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>7</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>605</fpage>
          <lpage>619</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Restrepo CS, Ocazionez D, Suri R, Vargas D. Aortitis: imaging spectrum of the infectious and inflammatory conditions of the aorta. <italic>Radiographics</italic>. 2011; 31:435-51.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Restrepo</surname>
              <given-names>CS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ocazionez</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Suri</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vargas</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Aortitis: imaging spectrum of the infectious and inflammatory conditions of the aorta</article-title>
          <source>Radiographics</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>31</volume>
          <fpage>435</fpage>
          <lpage>451</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 de Souza AW, de Carvalho JF. Diagnostic and classification criteria of Takayasu arteritis. <italic>J Autoimmun</italic>. 2014; 48-49: 79-83.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>de Souza</surname>
              <given-names>AW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>de Carvalho</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Diagnostic and classification criteria of Takayasu arteritis</article-title>
          <source>J Autoimmun</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>48-49</volume>
          <fpage>79</fpage>
          <lpage>83</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Gornik HL , Creager MA. Aortitis. <italic>Circulation</italic>. 2008; 117(23): 3039-51.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gornik</surname>
              <given-names>HL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Creager</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Aortitis</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>23</issue>
          <fpage>3039</fpage>
          <lpage>3051</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 Tyagi S, Bansal A, Gupta MD, Girish MP. Endovascular management of acute aortic dissection in Takayasu Arteritis. <italic>JACC Cardiovasc Interv</italic>. 2018;11(12):e99-e101.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tyagi</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bansal</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gupta</surname>
              <given-names>MD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Girish</surname>
              <given-names>MP</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Endovascular management of acute aortic dissection in Takayasu Arteritis</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>11</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>e99</fpage>
          <lpage>e101</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Arterite de Takayasu: Diagn&#243;stico e Evolu&#231;&#227;o para Complica&#231;&#227;o Grave</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cordeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Filipa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Sofia Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Salvador</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>J. Ilidio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Hospital de Vila Real, Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Filipa Cordeiro,</bold> Rua da Pena, n&#186;420. 4750-693, Barcelos, Braga - Portugal. E-mail: <email>filipabritocordeiro@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p> Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Cordeiro F; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Cordeiro F, Carvalho SS, Salvador F, Ferreira A, Moreira JL.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p> Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Arterite Takayasu/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortite/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Vasculite/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Arterite de Takayasu/diagnostico por imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Vasculite</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Mulher de cor branca, 52 anos, foi internada com dor epig&#225;strica intensa irradiando para as costas. O exame f&#237;sico e o eletrocardiograma eram normais. Os exames laboratoriais mostraram leucocitose (11100 c&#233;lulas/&#181;l) e aumento dos n&#237;veis de prote&#237;na C-reativa (15,6 mg/dl). Devido &#224; suspeita de s&#237;ndrome a&#243;rtica aguda (SAA), ela foi submetida a tomografia computadorizada, que mostrou espessamento mural circunferencial da aorta com baixa atenua&#231;&#227;o (43 Unidades Hounsfield (HU)), havendo aumento da atenua&#231;&#227;o desse espessamento (73 HU) ap&#243;s administra&#231;&#227;o de contraste (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figuras 1 A</xref>-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">C</xref>), sugestivo de aortite.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> O ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico tamb&#233;m revelou aorta tor&#225;cica espessada (Figura D). A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica cardiovascular confirmou diagn&#243;stico de aortite e excluiu o hematoma intramural (espessamento mural hipointenso em imagens ponderadas em T1 e hiperintenso em imagens ponderadas em T2)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> (Figuras E-F). Sorologias infecciosas foram negativas.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>A)Tomografia computadorizada sem contraste mostrando baixa atenua&#231;&#227;o do espessamento mural conc&#234;ntrico da aorta tor&#225;cica e abdominal (43 HU). B e C) Angiotomografia computadorizada revelando aumento da atenua&#231;&#227;o do espessamento mural da aorta tor&#225;cica e abdominal (73 HU). D) Ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico apresentando espessamento da aorta tor&#225;cica ap&#243;s os seios de Valsalva. E e F) Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica cardiovascular demonstrando que o espessamento mural foi hipointenso nas imagens ponderadas em T1 (E, seta laranja) e hiperintenso nas imagens ponderadas em T2 (F, seta vermelha), compat&#237;vel com aortite. G) Tomografia por Emiss&#227;o de p&#243;sitrons ap&#243;s quinze dias de terapia com esteroides, mostrando discreta capta&#231;&#227;o do tra&#231;ador na aorta tor&#225;cica (seta branca). H) Angiotomografia computadorizada revelando dissec&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica tipo A seis semanas ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico inicial de arterite de Takayasu.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-04-0638-80195-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>A paciente foi diagnosticada com Arterite de Takayasu (AT) na fase inflamat&#243;ria inicial e iniciou o tratamento com altas doses de esteroides. Houve redu&#231;&#227;o dos marcadores inflamat&#243;rios s&#233;ricos e da inflama&#231;&#227;o da parede a&#243;rtica. A tomografia por emiss&#227;o de p&#243;sitrons ap&#243;s quinze dias de terapia mostrou uma capta&#231;&#227;o discreta do tra&#231;ador na aorta tor&#225;cica (Figura G). Ap&#243;s seis semanas de tratamento, a paciente iniciou uma intensa dor dorsal. A angiotomografia mostrou dissec&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica tipo A (Figura H). Foi submetida a cirurgia card&#237;aca de emerg&#234;ncia, que incluiu ressec&#231;&#227;o de aorta ascendente, substitui&#231;&#227;o por enxerto artificial e oblitera&#231;&#227;o da falsa luz distal. O per&#237;odo p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio foi sem problemas.</p>
      <p>A AT &#233; uma vasculite rara, de grandes vasos, caracterizada por uma fase inflamat&#243;ria seguida por uma fase sem pulso.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> O uso da imagem multimodal &#233; &#250;til para o diagn&#243;stico, que pode ser um desafio devido &#224;s semelhan&#231;as com a SAA, e para seguimento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A dissec&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica &#233; uma complica&#231;&#227;o excepcionalmente rara.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p> O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p> N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
