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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">J7vDWvgBGvx3QyWP7ypLYLw</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001600635</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180196</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Quantification of Coronary Flow Reserve with CZT Gamma Camera in the Evaluation of Multivessel Coronary Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Carolina do Amaral Henrique de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Bernardo Kremer Diniz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tedeschi</surname>
            <given-names>Angelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Ronaldo de Souza Le&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Addressa: Ana Carolina do Amaral Henrique de Souza,</bold> Av. Jornalista Alberto Francisco Torres, 67 apto 601, Postal Code 24230-000, Icara&#237;, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brazil. E-mail: <email>ana_carolina_amaral@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p> Conception and design of the research: Lima RSL; Acquisition of data: Souza ACAH, Gon&#231;alves BKD, Tedeschi A, Lima RSL; Analysis and interpretation of the data, Statistical analysis and Writing of the manuscript: Souza ACAH; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Tedeschi A, Lima RSL, Gon&#231;alves, BKD.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>635</fpage>
      <lpage>637</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary floe reserve/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic Imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Perfusion Imaging</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Evaluating patients with multivessel coronary disease using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) remains a challenge as the extent and severity of the disease can be underestimated. This phenomenon occurs in part due to balanced ischemia and inaccuracy of traditional devices to identify small changes in coronary flow in the stress phase.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> New gamma cameras with cadmium and zinc telluride (CZT) detectors that are already commercially available have shown higher temporal and spatial resolution,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> theoretically enabling dynamic acquisition of images and calculation of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in an absolute way.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> This tool, whose use with positron emission tomography (PET) is already well established,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> may be promising to non invasively access three-vessel obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) using scintigraphy and its conventional radiotracers. The objective of this case report is to describe the quantification of CFR upon diagnosis of a patient with multivessel disease whose myocardial perfusion image showed a defect not compatible with coronary angiography.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical case</title>
        <p>A 58-year-old patient was seen for the first time in an outpatient Cardiology clinic presenting with dyspnea on medium exertion and improvement with rest. His medical history included hypertension, dyslipidemia, and positive family history. The patient was not under regular clinical follow-up or on optimized medication. Transthoracic echocardiogram performed nine months showed no alterations and patient was referred for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in a specialized service. A one-day protocol was performed, with rest phase followed by pharmacological stress phase using dipyridamole and <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi as radiotracer at 10 and 30 mCi at rest and stress, respectively. Images were obtained in a CZT gamma camera (Discovery 530, GE Healthcare), with MBF and CFR quantified in a context of clinical research, coupled with the perfusion imaging protocol. The protocol was initiated by intravenous injection of 1 mCi of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi to place the heart within the gamma camera field of vision. The rest phase included the acquisition of dynamic images during eleven minutes, immediately followed by the perfusion images during five minutes. While the patient was still positioned in the gamma camera, pharmacological stress phase was initiated with dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg) so that stress dynamic images could be obtained during eleven minutes and perfusion images, for three minutes. Images showed a small area of inferolateral ischemia, with no contractile alterations. Reduced CFR values were identified in all coronary territories, as well as absolute flow (ml/min/g), on rest and stress (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). After scintigraphy, symptoms persisted despite therapeutic optimization, so the patient was referred for coronary angiography, which revealed three-vessel obstructive CAD, with a 90% segmental lesion of the proximal third in anterior descending artery; 75% proximal lesion in the second diagonal branch; 75% ostial lesion in the first and third marginal branches of the circumflex; 75% segmental lesion in the posterior ventricular branch. In the right coronary artery, a long lesion of 50% was found in the middle third, in addition to a 75% lesion in the posterior descending and ventricular branches (PD/VP), with 90% impairment of the PV branch.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Evaluation of patient with suspected CAD. A) MPS showing small area of inferolateral ischemia. B and C) Time-activity curves in stress and rest phases, respectively, derived from the dynamic acquisition in CZT gamma camera. D, E, and F) Angiographic images showing 90% lesion in anterior descending artery, 75% lesion in circumflex artery and 50% in the middle third of right coronary artery, with 90% obstruction in posterior ventricular branch. G) Overall results of MBF quantification (in ml/min/g) and CFR in coronary territories (anterior descending artery, circumflex artery, and right coronary artery, respectively), followed by total values (last line). Reduced values of MBF and CFR are seen in all territories, which is compatible with the obstructive lesions found in coronary angiography. CAD: coronary artery disease; MPS: myocardial perfusion scintigraphy; MBF: myocardial blood flow; CFR: coronary flow reserve.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-04-0635-80196-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>This is the first quantification report of CFR in a CZT gamma camera in our country. The protocol for image acquisition was proven safe and adequate to generate good-quality data. This case clearly represents a situation in which MPS is not able to identify the extent of ischemia due to multivessel disease. This phenomenon is in accordance with the literature, which has already described low prevalence of perfusion defects in populations of patients with three-vessel coronary obstructive disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> One of the reasons of this event is balanced ischemia. Considering that MPS only evaluates relative flow, it is based on the comparison of a myocardial wall with another whose radiotracer uptake is greater, and in situations like these an overall flow reduction occurs, generating little or no heterogeneity and, therefore, a possibly normal image.</p>
      <p>In this context, determining myocardial flow and quantifying CFR is useful to identify high-risk patients, as they present absolute and non-relative results, like in conventional MPS. CFR can be defined as the magnitude of increased myocardial blood flow secondary to stress of any nature compared to resting flow. It is thus possible to describe not only the effects of focal epicardial obstructions, but also diffuse atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction, both of which are quite common in women and patients with metabolic syndrome. Previous PET studies have shown that CFR measurement can classify patients at low and high risk for cardiovascular events<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> and therefore be used as a new tool for risk stratification.</p>
      <p>New gamma cameras with solid and stationary CZT detectors have advantages when compared to traditional ones, with sodium-iodide detectors, as they allow for dynamic tomographic images and, theoretically, CFR quantification. Wells et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>, in a pioneering work, have demonstrated a precise CFR quantification in a porcine model of resting and transitory occlusion upon stress using CZT gamma camera, paving the way for new possibilities of pilot studies with humans. Bouall&#232;gue et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> evaluated CFR in 23 patients in comparison to their angiographic data, including fractional flow reserve (FFR), and found a good correlation between CFR and the number of obstructed vessels and reduced CFR values in obstructed territories.</p>
      <p>As seen in the present report, CFR quantification and the new methods of dynamic acquisition of myocardial blood flow constitute a current field of research that could generate knowledge about new applications of scintigraphy and bring improvements to diagnosis and management of coronary disease patients, including those with multivessel disease.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p> This article is part of the PhD project of Ana Carolina do Amaral Henrique de Souza at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <fpage>2215</fpage>
          <lpage>2224</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10 Ziadi MC, DeKemp RA, Williams K, Guo A, Renaud JM, Chow BJW, et al. Does quantification of myocardial flow reserve using rubidium-82 positron emission tomography facilitate detection of multivessel coronary artery disease? J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19(4):670-80.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ziadi</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>DeKemp</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Williams</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guo</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Renaud</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chow</surname>
              <given-names>BJW</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Does quantification of myocardial flow reserve using rubidium-82 positron emission tomography facilitate detection of multivessel coronary artery disease?</article-title>
          <source>J Nucl Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>670</fpage>
          <lpage>680</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Quantifica&#231;&#227;o da Reserva de Fluxo Coronariano Obtida em Gama C&#226;mara CZT na Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Doen&#231;a Coronariana Multiarterial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Carolina do Amaral Henrique de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Bernardo Kremer Diniz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tedeschi</surname>
            <given-names>Angelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Ronaldo de Souza Le&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Ana Carolina do Amaral Henrique de Souza,</bold> Av. Jornalista Alberto Francisco Torres, 67 apto 601, CEP 24230-000, Icara&#237;, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brasil. E-mail: <email>ana_carolina_amaral@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p> Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Lima RSL; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Souza ACAH, Gon&#231;alves BKD, Tedeschi A, Lima RSL; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Souza ACAH; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Tedeschi A, Lima RSL, Gon&#231;alves, BKD.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p> Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Reserva de fluxo coronariano/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Imagem de Perfus&#227;o do Miocardio.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com doen&#231;a coronariana multiarterial por meio da cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica de perfus&#227;o (CMP) permanece um desafio, dada a possibilidade de subestima&#231;&#227;o da extens&#227;o e gravidade da doen&#231;a. Esse fen&#244;meno ocorre em parte devido &#224; isquemia balanceada e inabilidade dos equipamentos tradicionais de identificar pequenas mudan&#231;as no fluxo coronariano na fase de estresse.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Novas gama c&#226;mara com detectores de telureto de c&#225;dmio e zinco (CZT), j&#225; comercialmente dispon&#237;veis, apresentam maior resolu&#231;&#227;o temporal e espacial,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> teoricamente possibilitando a aquisi&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica de imagens e a quantifica&#231;&#227;o do fluxo sangu&#237;neo mioc&#225;rdico (FSM) e da reserva de fluxo coronariano (RFC) de forma absoluta.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Essa ferramenta, j&#225; bem estabelecida com a tomografia por emiss&#227;o de p&#243;sitrons (PET),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> pode ser promissora para acessar de forma n&#227;o invasiva a doen&#231;a coronariana obstrutiva de tr&#234;s vasos, utilizando a cintilografia e seus radiotra&#231;adores convencionais. O objetivo desse relato &#233; descrever o c&#225;lculo da reserva de fluxo coronariano no contexto diagn&#243;stico de um paciente com doen&#231;a multiarterial, cuja imagem de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica mostrava defeito n&#227;o compat&#237;vel com a coronariografia.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Caso cl&#237;nico</title>
          <p>Paciente de 58 anos foi atendido pela primeira vez em ambulat&#243;rio universit&#225;rio de Cardiologia com queixa de dispneia aos m&#233;dios esfor&#231;os e melhora com repouso. A hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica inclu&#237;a hipertens&#227;o arterial, dislipidemia e hist&#243;ria familiar positiva. O paciente n&#227;o se encontrava em acompanhamento cl&#237;nico regular ou com medica&#231;&#227;o otimizada. Ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico realizado h&#225; nove meses n&#227;o mostrava altera&#231;&#245;es e o paciente foi encaminhado para realiza&#231;&#227;o de cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica de perfus&#227;o em servi&#231;o especializado. Seguiu-se protocolo de um dia, com fase de repouso seguida de fase de estresse farmacol&#243;gico com dipiridamol e <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi como radiotra&#231;ador, nas doses de 10 e 30mCi em repouso e estresse, respectivamente. As imagens foram adquiridas em uma gama c&#226;mara CZT (Discovery 530, GE Healthcare), tendo sido realizada a quantifica&#231;&#227;o do FSM e da RFC em um contexto de pesquisa cl&#237;nica, acoplada ao protocolo de aquisi&#231;&#227;o das imagens perfusionais. O protocolo foi iniciado pela inje&#231;&#227;o endovenosa de 1 mCi de <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi para posicionamento do cora&#231;&#227;o no campo de vis&#227;o da gama c&#226;mara. A fase de repouso se deu com a aquisi&#231;&#227;o das imagens din&#226;micas por onze minutos, seguida imediatamente das imagens de perfus&#227;o durante cinco minutos. Com o paciente ainda posicionado na gama-c&#226;mera, realizou-se a fase de estresse farmacol&#243;gico com dipiridamol (0,56 mg/kg) para aquisi&#231;&#227;o de imagens din&#226;micas durante onze minutos e perfusionais durante tr&#234;s minutos. As imagens mostraram pequena &#225;rea de isquemia inferolateral, sem altera&#231;&#245;es contr&#225;teis. Foram identificados valores reduzidos de RFC em todos os territ&#243;rios coronarianos, bem como do fluxo absoluto (ml/min/g) nas fases de repouso e estresse (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>). Ap&#243;s a cintilografia, os sintomas persistiram, apesar da otimiza&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica, e o paciente foi encaminhado para realiza&#231;&#227;o de coronariografia, que revelou doen&#231;a coronariana obstrutiva de tr&#234;s vasos, com les&#227;o segmentar de 90% do ter&#231;o proximal da art&#233;ria descendente anterior, les&#227;o proximal de 75% no segundo ramo diagonal, circunflexa com les&#227;o de 75% ostial em primeiro e terceiro ramos marginais, al&#233;m de les&#227;o segmentar de 75% no ramo ventricular posterior. Na coron&#225;ria direita, foi constatada les&#227;o longa de 50% no ter&#231;o m&#233;dio, al&#233;m de les&#227;o de 75% na bifurca&#231;&#227;o dos ramos descendente e ventricular posteriores (DP/VP), comprometendo em 90% o ramo VP.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f2">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o de paciente com DAC suspeita. A) CMP com pequena &#225;rea de isquemia inferolateral. B e C) Curvas de tempo-atividade nas fases de estresse e repouso, respectivamente, derivadas da aquisi&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica em gama c&#226;mara CZT. D, E e F) Imagens angiogr&#225;ficas mostrando les&#227;o de 90% na art&#233;ria descendente anterior, 75% na art&#233;ria circunflexa e 50% no ter&#231;o m&#233;dio da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita, com 90% de obstru&#231;&#227;o no ramo ventricular posterior. G) Resultados globais da quantifica&#231;&#227;o do FSM (em ml/min/g) e RFC nos territ&#243;rios coronarianos (art&#233;ria descendente anterior, art&#233;ria circunflexa e coron&#225;ria direita, respectivamente), seguidos dos valores totais (&#250;ltima linha). S&#227;o observados valores reduzidos de FSM e RFC em todos os territ&#243;rios, o que &#233; compat&#237;vel com les&#245;es obstrutivas descritas na coronariografia. DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; CMP: cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica de perfus&#227;o; FSM: fluxo sangu&#237;neo mioc&#225;rdico; RFC: reserva de fluxo coronariano.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-111-04-0635-80196-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Esse &#233; o primeiro relato de quantifica&#231;&#227;o da RFC utilizando uma gama c&#226;mara CZT em nosso pa&#237;s. O protocolo para aquisi&#231;&#227;o das imagens se mostrou seguro e adequado para a gera&#231;&#227;o de imagens de boa qualidade. O caso apresentado representa claramente uma situa&#231;&#227;o em que a CMP n&#227;o &#233; capaz de identificar a extens&#227;o da isquemia em raz&#227;o de doen&#231;a multiarterial. Tal fen&#244;meno encontra-se em conformidade com a literatura, que j&#225; descreveu baixa preval&#234;ncia de defeitos perfusionais em popula&#231;&#245;es de pacientes com doen&#231;a obstrutiva de tr&#234;s vasos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Uma das raz&#245;es para a ocorr&#234;ncia deste fen&#244;meno &#233; a isquemia balanceada. Tendo em vista que a CMP avalia apenas o fluxo relativo, ou seja, baseia-se na compara&#231;&#227;o de uma parede mioc&#225;rdica com outra cuja capta&#231;&#227;o de radiotra&#231;ador &#233; maior, em situa&#231;&#245;es como a descrita ocorre uma redu&#231;&#227;o global do fluxo, o que gera pouca ou nenhuma heterogeneidade e, portanto, uma imagem possivelmente normal.</p>
        <p>Nesse contexto, a determina&#231;&#227;o do fluxo mioc&#225;rdico e a quantifica&#231;&#227;o da RFC mostra-se &#250;til para identificar pacientes de alto risco, por apresentarem resultados absolutos e n&#227;o relativos, como na CMP convencional. A RFC pode ser definida como a magnitude do aumento do fluxo sangu&#237;neo mioc&#225;rdico secund&#225;rio a um estresse de qualquer natureza em compara&#231;&#227;o ao fluxo em repouso. Dessa forma, &#233; poss&#237;vel descrever n&#227;o apenas os efeitos de obstru&#231;&#245;es epic&#225;rdicas focais, mas tamb&#233;m da aterosclerose difusa e disfun&#231;&#227;o microvascular, ambas bastante comuns em mulheres e portadores de s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica. Estudos pr&#233;vios utilizando PET demonstraram que a medida da RFC pode classificar pacientes em baixo e alto risco para eventos cardiovasculares,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> podendo, portanto, ser utilizada como uma nova ferramenta para estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco.</p>
        <p>Novas gama c&#226;maras com detectores s&#243;lidos e estacion&#225;rios de telureto de c&#225;dmio e zinco s&#227;o vantajosas quando comparadas &#224;s tradicionais, com detectores de iodeto de s&#243;dio, pois possibilitam imagens tomogr&#225;ficas din&#226;micas e, teoricamente, a quantifica&#231;&#227;o da RFC. Wells et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> demonstraram, em um trabalho pioneiro, a quantifica&#231;&#227;o precisa da RFC em um modelo porcino de repouso e oclus&#227;o transit&#243;ria no estresse com gama c&#226;mara CZT, abrindo caminho para novas possibilidades de estudos-piloto em humanos. Bouall&#232;gue et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> avaliaram a RFC de 23 pacientes em compara&#231;&#227;o a seus dados angiogr&#225;ficos, incluindo reserva de fluxo fracionado (FFR), e demonstraram boa correla&#231;&#227;o entre a RFC e o n&#250;mero de vasos obstru&#237;dos, bem como valores reduzidos da RFC nos territ&#243;rios de vasos obstru&#237;dos.</p>
        <p>O c&#225;lculo da RFC e os novos m&#233;todos de aquisi&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica do fluxo sangu&#237;neo mioc&#225;rdico constituem um campo de pesquisa atual, como visto no presente relato, que poder&#225; gerar conhecimentos acerca de novas aplica&#231;&#245;es da cintilografia e melhorias do diagn&#243;stico e manejo de pacientes coronariopatas, incluindo aqueles com doen&#231;a multivascular. </p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p> O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p> Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de Doutorado de Ana Carolina do Amaral Henrique de Souza pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
