<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">ymMbK3mcpwRLwpCYt7RnyjM</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001500354</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180173</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Adiponectin in Relation to Coronary Plaque Characteristics on Radiofrequency Intravascular Ultrasound and Cardiovascular Outcome</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mariani</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">USP</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">FM</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">HC</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - HCFMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Jos&#233; Mariani Junior</bold>, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Medicina Intervencionista - 4&#186; andar - Bloco B - Av. Albert Einstein, 627. Postal Code 05652-900, Morumbi, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>jose.mariani@einstein.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>354</fpage>
      <lpage>355</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Inflammation/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Atherosclerosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarkers/blood</kwd>
        <kwd>Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnostic imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics</kwd>
        <kwd>Ultrasonography, Interventional</kwd>
        <kwd>Adiponectin</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Inflammation is a complex and necessary component of the response to biological, chemical, or physical stimuli, and the cellular and molecular events that initiate and regulate the interactions between the various players in the inflammatory process of the atherosclerotic lesions remain a source of ongoing investigation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>The European Collaborative Project on Inflammation and Vascular Wall Remodeling in Atherosclerosis - Intravascular Ultrasound (ATHEROREMO-IVUS) study aimed to investigate the relations of genetic profile and novel circulating and inflammatory biomarkers with coronary plaque phenotype and vulnerability as determined by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Results from this trial have been helping us to improve our knowledge on the role of genetic profile and circulating inflammatory biomarkers in relation to the development of atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaques.</p>
    <p>As an endocrine organ, adipose tissue is recognized as a rich source of pro-inflammatory mediators that may directly contribute to vascular injury, insulin resistance, and atherogenesis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Therefore, this kind of tissue may modulate inflammatory response by releasing a wide range of mediators, known as adipocytokines. Adiponectin, a kind of adipocytokines, has antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties and acts as a factor increasing insulin sensitivity, and its protective effect may result from its ability to suppress production of proinflammatory cytokines.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Due to the complex balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory activity, their pathophysiological and prognostic role in cardiovascular diseases still remains debated.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Adiponectin, tested in this trial, was presented herein by Marino BCA et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Although the median of its serum value in the complete cohort is not associated to the composition of the atherosclerotic plaque nor to the plaque burden assessed by Virtual Histology IVUS (VH-IVUS), it may be considered as an independent variable of death in this sample. Differently, in the sub-group of patients with stable symptoms, adiponectin median value was associated to a thin-cap fibroatheroma identified by VH-IVUS, but not to death.</p>
    <p>These discrepancies reveal the difficulty in this elegant way in attempting to identify any biomarker for the recognition of patients with vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and therefore at high risk for hard outcomes such as death. But it also shows that this is a long way, but one that must be pursued and validated, and then, try to find out what else, besides the measures already known, can be added to this so special group of patients and with a such high risk.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial regarding the article: Adiponectin in Relation to Coronary Plaque Characteristics on Radiofrequency Intravascular Ultrasound and Cardiovascular Outcome</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Germolec DR, Shipkowski KA, Frawley RP, Evans E. Markers of Inflammation. Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1803:57-79</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Germolec</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shipkowski</surname>
              <given-names>KA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Frawley</surname>
              <given-names>RP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Evans</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Markers of Inflammation</article-title>
          <source>Methods Mol Biol</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>1803</volume>
          <fpage>57</fpage>
          <lpage>79</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 de Boer SP, Cheng JM, Garcia-Garcia HM, Oemrawsingh RM, van Geuns RJ, Regar E, et al. Relation of genetic profile and novel circulating biomarkers with coronary plaque phenotype as determined by intravascular ultrasound: rationale and design of the ATHEROREMO-IVUS study. EuroIntervention. 2014;10(8):953-60.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>de Boer</surname>
              <given-names>SP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cheng</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garcia-Garcia</surname>
              <given-names>HM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oemrawsingh</surname>
              <given-names>RM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>van Geuns</surname>
              <given-names>RJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Regar</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Relation of genetic profile and novel circulating biomarkers with coronary plaque phenotype as determined by intravascular ultrasound: rationale and design of the ATHEROREMO-IVUS study</article-title>
          <source>EuroIntervention</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>10</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>953</fpage>
          <lpage>960</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Koleva DI, Orbetzova MM, Nikolova JG, Deneva TI. Pathophysiological role of adiponectin, leptin and asymmetric dimethylarginine in the process of atherosclerosis. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2016;58(4):234-40.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Koleva</surname>
              <given-names>DI</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Orbetzova</surname>
              <given-names>MM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nikolova</surname>
              <given-names>JG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Deneva</surname>
              <given-names>TI</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Pathophysiological role of adiponectin, leptin and asymmetric dimethylarginine in the process of atherosclerosis</article-title>
          <source>Folia Med (Plovdiv)</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>58</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>234</fpage>
          <lpage>240</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Iberale L, Carbone F, Bertolotto M, Bonaventura A, Vecchi&#233; A, Mach F, Burger F, Pende A, Spinella G, Pane B, Palombo D, Dallegri F, Montecucco F. Serum adiponectin levels predict acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with severe carotid stenosis. Vascul Pharmacol. 2018 Mar;102:37-43.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Iberale</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Carbone</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bertolotto</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bonaventura</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vecchi&#233;</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mach</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Burger</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pende</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Spinella</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pane</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Palombo</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dallegri</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Montecucco</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Serum adiponectin levels predict acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with severe carotid stenosis</article-title>
          <source>Vascul Pharmacol</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <month>03</month>
          <volume>102</volume>
          <fpage>37</fpage>
          <lpage>43</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 Marino BCA, Buljubasic N, Akkerhuis M, Cheng JM, Garcia-Garcia HM, Regar E. Adiponectin in Relation to Coronary Plaque Characteristics on Radiofrequency Intravascular Ultrasound and Cardiovascular Outcome. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 111(3):345-353.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Marino</surname>
              <given-names>BCA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Buljubasic</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Akkerhuis</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cheng</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garcia-Garcia</surname>
              <given-names>HM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Regar</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Adiponectin in Relation to Coronary Plaque Characteristics on Radiofrequency Intravascular Ultrasound and Cardiovascular Outcome</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>111</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>345</fpage>
          <lpage>353</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Rela&#231;&#227;o da Adiponectina com as Caracter&#237;sticas da Placa Ateroscler&#243;tica ao Ultrassom Intravascular com Radiofrequ&#234;ncia e Desfechos Cardiovasculares</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mariani</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - HCFMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Jos&#233; Mariani Junior</bold>, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Medicina Intervencionista - 4&#186; andar - Bloco B - Av. Albert Einstein, 627. CEP 05652-900, Morumbi, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>jose.mariani@einstein.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Inflama&#231;&#227;o/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Aterosclerose</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarcadores/sangue</kwd>
        <kwd>Placa Ateroscler&#243;tica/diagn&#243;stico por imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Placa Ateroscler&#243;tica/gen&#233;tica</kwd>
        <kwd>Ultrasonografia de Interven&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Adiponectina</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A inflama&#231;&#227;o &#233; um componente complexo e necess&#225;rio da resposta a est&#237;mulos biol&#243;gicos, qu&#237;micos ou f&#237;sicos, e os eventos celulares e moleculares que iniciam e regulam as intera&#231;&#245;es entre os diversos atores do processo inflamat&#243;rio das les&#245;es ateroscler&#243;ticas permanece sendo fonte de investiga&#231;&#245;es em andamento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>O objetivo do Projeto Colaborativo Europeu sobre Inflama&#231;&#245;es e Remodelagem da Parede Vascular no Estudo Aterosclerose - Ultrassom Intravascular (ATHEROREMO-IVUS) era investigar as rela&#231;&#245;es de perfil gen&#233;tico e novos biomarcadores inflamat&#243;rios e circulantes com fen&#243;tipo de placa coron&#225;ria e vulnerabilidade conforme determinado por ultrassom intravascular (IVUS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Os resultados deste ensaio tem nos auxiliado a melhorar nossos conhecimentos sobre o papel do perfil gen&#233;tico e de biomarcadores inflamat&#243;rios circulantes em rela&#231;&#227;o ao desenvolvimento da aterosclerose e placas vulner&#225;veis.</p>
      <p>Como um &#243;rg&#227;o end&#243;crino, o tecido adiposo &#233; reconhecido como uma fonte rica de mediadores pr&#243;-inflamat&#243;rios que pode contribuir diretamente para les&#245;es vasculares, resist&#234;ncia a insulina e aterog&#234;nese.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Desse modo, esse tipo de tecido pode modular a resposta inflamat&#243;ria atrav&#233;s da libera&#231;&#227;o de uma ampla gama de mediadores, conhecidos como adipocitocinas. A adiponectina, um tipo de adipocitocina, possui propriedades anti-aterog&#234;nicas e antiinflamat&#243;rias e atua como um fator que aumenta a sensibilidade &#224; insulina, e seu efeito protetivo pode ser resultado de sua habilidade de suprimir a produ&#231;&#227;o de citocinas pr&#243;-inflamat&#243;rias.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Gra&#231;as ao complexo equil&#237;brio entre sua atividade pr&#243;- e antiinflamat&#243;ria, seu papel fisiopatol&#243;gico e progn&#243;stico nas doen&#231;as cardiovasculares ainda &#233; foco de debate.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A adiponectina, testada neste ensaio, foi apresentada aqui por Marino BCA et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Apesar da m&#233;dia do seu valor s&#233;rico no coorte completa n&#227;o estar associada &#224; composi&#231;&#227;o da placa ateroscler&#243;tica, nem &#224; carga de placa avaliada por Histologia Virtual IVUS (VH-IVUS), ela pode ser considerada como uma vari&#225;vel de morte independente nesta amostra. Diversamente, no sub-grupo de pacientes com sintomas est&#225;veis, o valor m&#233;dio da adiponectina foi associado a um fibroateroma de capa fina identificado pelo VH-IVUS, mas n&#227;o &#224; morte.</p>
      <p>Essas discrep&#226;ncias revelam a dificuldade de tentar se identificar, neste elegante m&#233;todo, qualquer biomarcador para o reconhecimento de pacientes portadores de placas ateroscler&#243;ticas vulner&#225;veis e, assim, sob risco de desfechos duros desfavor&#225;veis, como o &#243;bito. Tamb&#233;m demonstra existir um longo caminho a ser percorrido e validado e, a partir de ent&#227;o, tentar identificar, al&#233;m das medidas j&#225; conhecidas, o que mais pode ser oferecido no que diz respeito &#224; identifica&#231;&#227;o precoce destes paciente de t&#227;o alto risco.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Rela&#231;&#227;o da Adiponectina com as Caracter&#237;sticas da Placa Ateroscler&#243;tica ao Ultrassom Intravascular com Radiofrequ&#234;ncia e Desfechos Cardiovasculares</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
