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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">pxctDm63vmcrJ5Rk3b4dN3s</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001500343</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180189</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Brazilian Society of Cardiology and Hypertension: It's Time for Action</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo C&#233;sar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Goi&#226;nia</city>
          <state>GO</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Goi&#226;nia</city>
          <state>GO</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Paulo C&#233;sar B. Veiga Jardim</bold>, Rua 115-F, 135. Postal Code 74085-300, Setor Sul, Goiania, GO - Brazil. E-mail: <email>fvjardim.ufg@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>343</fpage>
      <lpage>344</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension/drug therapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention &amp; control</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Practice Guidelines as Topic</kwd>
        <kwd>Antihypertensive Agents/administration &amp; dosage</kwd>
        <kwd>Decision/policies.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>The year is 2018 and the level of scientific knowledge is unquestionable.</p>
    <p>In medicine in general, and in cardiology, in particular, advances in diagnoses are impressive, just as the therapeutic arsenal is extraordinary, either in clinical or surgical, conventional or alternative treatment.</p>
    <p>Consequently, longevity increases and the average age, even in our weakened Brazil, exceeds 75 years.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Nevertheless, regarding the circulatory system diseases, the national picture is discouraging. With an older population, there are more degenerative diseases, and a higher proportional mortality from this cause.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Among cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension and its consequences (stroke, coronary disease, heart failure, renal disease and peripheral vascular disease) undoubtedly achieve a record in terms of morbidity and mortality.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Over the years, we have attended and participated in numerous initiatives of international and national scientific societies, with the purpose of establishing norms and behaviors for health professionals regarding care of hypertensive patients. The starting point was the Joint National Committee, organized in the United States from 1977 onwards, which for years determined the action standards that are considered more appropriate for treating hypertensive patients. Throughout the world, there has been the mobilization of scientific societies for the same purpose, always seeking to establish more correct and effective strategies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In Brazil, the initial Consensus and current Guidelines were first implemented in 1990 with a document of only 16 pages. It was held in the city of Campos do Jord&#227;o, and was an excellent work of the Brazilian societies of cardiology and nephrology that even led to the creation of the Brazilian Society of Arterial Hypertension.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
		</p>
    <p>From then on, every 4 years there is an articulated mobilization of the scientific societies that work in this field (cardiology, nephrology, internal medicine, geriatrics, and other scientific societies in the health area - nutrition, physical education, nursing) and, in a collective effort, the documents are updated, new directions and strategies established and, occasionally, the guidelines for the treatment are changed.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>The philosophy of this mobilization was its broad dissemination at all levels of the health system, so that the instructions emanated from it could become current practice for the benefit of the patients. There were some advances, but even if, on the plane of intentions, at any moment, there was a regulation of the Ministry of Health itself to adopt the official documents of the scientific societies as rules for general action, the practical implementation of this expressed will has always followed the current political system, the temporary managers, and the country's own economic situation.</p>
    <p>A great frustration!</p>
    <p>Where were we and where are we?</p>
    <p>Focusing our attention on Brazil, we find that, in general, from 1990 to the present, that is, in an interval of more than 25 years, little progress has been made.</p>
    <p>It is a fact that the knowledge of the presence of hypertension by the population increased. We went from values lower than 50% of knowledge to numbers above 75%, and the merit was everyone's. The dissemination of the importance of the disease, and its identification, took place at all levels and, currently, few are unaware of the risks caused by hypertension. In this case, there was collective responsibility, and our scientific societies had an active participation in the dissemination process, either through its proselytism with health professionals, or through its action with the media and, in a significant way, its actions with the public power.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>If we make a simple and objective analysis of these numbers, we will see that, even with this advance, in every 100 hypertensive patients, 25 do not know their situation, and therefore do not even think about seeking treatment.</p>
    <p>The percentage of individuals who are aware of their high blood pressure status, and who are undergoing treatment, has also increased, but in a less marked way when compared to those who are aware of the disease.</p>
    <p>This number is around 65%, that is, in absolute numbers, among the 75 who know they have hypertension, approximately 50 individuals are being treated. So far, we have seen that in the group of hypertensives, out of 100, only half started treatment.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Then we come to those in treatment, who have controlled pressure. This number is disappointing all over the world, but in Brazil it is even worse. If we analyze the available epidemiological data of treated individuals who present with controlled pressure, we have a percentage of control that reaches a maximum of 40%. The practical meaning of this number is that, in absolute values, only 25 individuals out of 100 hypertensive patients in general have their pressure controlled, that is, the old rule of halves, that we thought was outdated, is still valid.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>A resounding failure!</p>
    <p>It is interesting to think back that we have advanced a lot!</p>
    <p>If this state of affairs is perpetuated, morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases will continue to be the highest, and may even increase, as the epidemic of overweight has also arrived in our country, with evident signs that it came to stay.</p>
    <p>Still focusing on Brazil, where did we go wrong? How can we improve?</p>
    <p>In daily practice, we still have difficulties in knowing about the presence of hypertension, but in this case, universal dissemination strategies have worked and only need to be reinforced and continued.</p>
    <p>Regarding treatment, if on the one hand we have a very satisfactory therapeutic arsenal, on the other we still have many difficulties with its correct use.</p>
    <p>There are several equally important aspects that should be actively addressed by our scientific societies. These include: a) medical training; b) continuing medical education; c) access to health services; (d) access to essential drugs; e) compliance to treatment.</p>
    <p>The Brazilian Society of Cardiology has a serious responsibility, and should be more incisive, seeking to actively participate in the policy to control the creation and operation of medical schools and, at the same time, further increasing its participation in continuing medical education.</p>
    <p>There should be concern about the critical review of our Guidelines. To whom they are intended, the extent of their content, how to implement them, and how to disseminate them throughout the country.</p>
    <p>It is upsetting, and it is part of the real world, to see patients receiving inadequate treatment, either due to the type of drug used or to inadequate doses, while our guidelines and various international guidelines are dealing with ultra-advanced concepts that are not even possible to be performed in our practice.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
		</p>
    <p>We have to rethink some issues.</p>
    <p>The issue of access to services and key drugs should also be a matter of honor.</p>
    <p>It is the duty of the organized society and of each individual citizen to participate in the pressure mechanisms so that public policies in the health area are effectively and continuously implemented. Thus, we can continue with so many projects that have already provided some progress and were completely lost due only to the political will of leaders who are not committed to society.</p>
    <p>Perhaps, following this path, we will, in fact, contribute to a change in the history of cardiovascular diseases in our country.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A SBC e a Hipertens&#227;o Arterial: &#201; Hora de A&#231;&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo C&#233;sar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Paulo C&#233;sar B. Veiga Jardim</bold>, Rua 115-F, 135. CEP 74085-300, Setor Sul, Goiania, GO - Brasil. E-mail: <email>fvjardim.ufg@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o/tratamento farmacol&#243;gico</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/preven&#231;&#227;o &amp; controle</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicadores de Morbimortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Guias de Pr&#225;tica M&#233;dica como assunto</kwd>
        <kwd>Anti-Hipertensivos/administra&#231;&#227;o &amp; dosagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Decis&#245;es/pol&#237;ticas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>O ano &#233; 2018 e o n&#237;vel de conhecimento cient&#237;fico &#233; inquestion&#225;vel.</p>
      <p>Na medicina em geral, e na cardiologia, em particular, os avan&#231;os relativos aos diagn&#243;sticos s&#227;o impressionantes, da mesma maneira que o arsenal terap&#234;utico &#233; extraordin&#225;rio, seja no tratamento cl&#237;nico ou cir&#250;rgico, convencional ou alternativo.</p>
      <p>Como consequ&#234;ncia, a longevidade aumenta e a m&#233;dia de idade, mesmo no nosso combalido Brasil, ultrapassa os 75 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Apesar disso, em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s doen&#231;as do aparelho circulat&#243;rio, o quadro nacional &#233; desanimador. Com uma popula&#231;&#227;o idosa, surgem mais doen&#231;as degenerativas e maior mortalidade proporcional por esta causa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Dentre as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, a hipertens&#227;o arterial e suas consequ&#234;ncias (acidente vascular cerebral, doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, doen&#231;a renal e doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica) representa, sem sombra de d&#250;vida, o recorde em termos de morbidade e mortalidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Ao longo de anos, temos assistido e participado de in&#250;meras iniciativas das sociedades cient&#237;ficas internacionais e nacionais, com a finalidade de estabelecer normas e condutas para os profissionais de sa&#250;de em rela&#231;&#227;o aos cuidados com os hipertensos. O ponto de partida foi o Joint National Committee, organizado nos Estados Unido a partir de 1977 que, por anos, determinou as normas de atua&#231;&#227;o consideradas mais adequadas para os cuidados com os hipertensos. No mundo todo houve a mobiliza&#231;&#227;o das sociedades cient&#237;ficas com a mesma finalidade, sempre buscando o estabelecimento de estrat&#233;gias mais corretas e efetivas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>No caso brasileiro, os iniciais Consensos e atuais Diretrizes foram implementados, pela primeira vez, em 1990, com um documento de apenas 16 p&#225;ginas. Realizado em Campos do Jord&#227;o, foi um excelente trabalho das sociedades brasileiras de cardiologia e nefrologia que, inclusive, proporcionou a cria&#231;&#227;o da Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A partir da&#237;, a cada 4 anos, aproximadamente, h&#225; uma mobiliza&#231;&#227;o articulada das sociedades cient&#237;ficas que lidam neste campo (cardiologia, nefrologia, cl&#237;nica m&#233;dica, geriatria e o conjunto de outras sociedades cient&#237;ficas da &#225;rea de sa&#250;de - nutri&#231;&#227;o, educa&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica, enfermagem) e, em um esfor&#231;o coletivo, s&#227;o atualizados os documentos, estabelecidos novos rumos e estrat&#233;gias e, eventualmente, modificadas as orienta&#231;&#245;es para o tratamento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Como filosofia, havia a inten&#231;&#227;o de grande divulga&#231;&#227;o em todos os n&#237;veis do sistema de sa&#250;de, para que as instru&#231;&#245;es dali emanadas pudessem tornar-se pr&#225;tica corrente em benef&#237;cio dos pacientes. Houve alguns avan&#231;os, mas mesmo que no plano das inten&#231;&#245;es, em algum momento, houvesse uma normativa do pr&#243;prio Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de em adotar os documentos oficiais das sociedades cient&#237;ficas como regras para a atua&#231;&#227;o geral, a execu&#231;&#227;o pr&#225;tica desta vontade manifesta sempre andou ao sabor do sistema pol&#237;tico vigente, dos gestores tempor&#225;rios e da pr&#243;pria situa&#231;&#227;o econ&#244;mica do pa&#237;s.</p>
      <p>Uma grande frustra&#231;&#227;o!</p>
      <p>Onde est&#225;vamos e onde estamos?</p>
      <p>Focando nossa aten&#231;&#227;o no Brasil, verificamos que, no geral, desde 1990 at&#233; os dias atuais, ou seja, num intervalo maior que 25 anos, pouco avan&#231;amos.</p>
      <p>&#201; fato que o conhecimento da presen&#231;a da hipertens&#227;o pela popula&#231;&#227;o aumentou. Sa&#237;mos de valores menores que 50% de conhecimento para n&#250;meros acima de 75%, e o m&#233;rito foi de todos. A divulga&#231;&#227;o da import&#226;ncia da doen&#231;a e de sua identifica&#231;&#227;o aconteceu em todos os n&#237;veis e, atualmente, poucos desconhecem os riscos causados pela HA. Neste caso, a responsabilidade foi geral e nossas sociedades cient&#237;ficas tiveram participa&#231;&#227;o ativa no processo de divulga&#231;&#227;o, seja atrav&#233;s de seu proselitismo junto aos profissionais de sa&#250;de, seja pela sua atua&#231;&#227;o junto &#224; m&#237;dia e, de maneira significativa, em suas a&#231;&#245;es junto ao poder p&#250;blico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Se fizermos, por&#233;m, um racioc&#237;nio simples e objetivo com estes n&#250;meros veremos que, mesmo com este avan&#231;o, em cada 100 hipertensos, 25 n&#227;o sabem de sua situa&#231;&#227;o e, portanto, sequer pensam em procurar tratamento.</p>
      <p>O percentual de indiv&#237;duos que conhecem seu estado de press&#227;o elevada, e est&#227;o em tratamento, cresceu tamb&#233;m, por&#233;m de maneira menos marcante, quando comparados aos que t&#234;m conhecimento da doen&#231;a.</p>
      <p>Este n&#250;mero est&#225; em torno de 65%, ou seja, em n&#250;meros absolutos, entre os 75 que sabem ter hipertens&#227;o, aproximadamente 50 indiv&#237;duos est&#227;o sendo tratados. Vemos, at&#233; aqui, que no conjunto dos hipertensos existentes, de cada 100, apenas a metade iniciou seu tratamento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Na sequ&#234;ncia, chegamos &#224;queles em tratamento, que est&#227;o com sua press&#227;o controlada. Este n&#250;mero &#233; decepcionante em todo o mundo, mas no Brasil &#233; ainda pior. Se analisarmos os dados epidemiol&#243;gicos dispon&#237;veis, de indiv&#237;duos tratados que se apresentam com a press&#227;o controlada, temos um percentual de controle que chega, no m&#225;ximo, a 40%. O significado pr&#225;tico deste n&#250;mero &#233; que, em valores absolutos, apenas 25 indiv&#237;duos de cada 100 hipertensos em geral apresentam sua press&#227;o controlada, ou seja, ainda &#233; v&#225;lida a antiga, e que pens&#225;vamos ultrapassada, regra das metades.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Um fracasso estrondoso!</p>
      <p>E pensar que avan&#231;amos bastante!</p>
      <p>A ser perpetuado este estado de coisas, a morbimortalidade pelas doen&#231;as cardiovasculares continuar&#225; sendo a maior, e poder&#225; ainda aumentar, na medida em que a epidemia do excesso de peso tamb&#233;m chegou ao nosso pa&#237;s, com sinais evidentes de ter vindo para ficar.</p>
      <p>Ainda centrando a aten&#231;&#227;o no Brasil, onde erramos? Como podemos melhorar?</p>
      <p>Na pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria, lidamos ainda com dificuldades no conhecimento sobre a presen&#231;a da HA, mas neste caso, as estrat&#233;gias de divulga&#231;&#227;o universal t&#234;m funcionado e apenas necessitam ser refor&#231;adas e continuadas.</p>
      <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao tratamento, se por um lado temos um arsenal terap&#234;utico bastante satisfat&#243;rio, por outro ainda temos muitas dificuldades para sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o correta.</p>
      <p>Existem v&#225;rias vertentes, igualmente importantes, que devem ser enfrentadas ativamente pelas nossas sociedades cient&#237;ficas. Entre elas podemos citar: a) a forma&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica; b) a educa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica continuada; c) o acesso aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de; d) o acesso aos medicamentos fundamentais; e) a ades&#227;o ao tratamento.</p>
      <p>A SBC tem s&#233;ria responsabilidade e deve ser mais incisiva, buscando participar ativamente da pol&#237;tica para o controle da cria&#231;&#227;o e funcionamento das escolas m&#233;dicas e, ao mesmo tempo, aumentando ainda mais sua participa&#231;&#227;o na educa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica continuada.</p>
      <p>Deve haver uma preocupa&#231;&#227;o com a revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de nossas Diretrizes. A quem se destinam, qual a extens&#227;o de seu conte&#250;do, como implement&#225;-las e como dissemin&#225;-las pelo pa&#237;s.</p>
      <p>&#201; triste e faz parte do mundo real vermos pacientes recebendo tratamentos inadequados, seja pelo tipo de f&#225;rmaco utilizado, seja pelas doses inadequadas, enquanto nossas diretrizes e v&#225;rias diretrizes internacionais est&#227;o tratando de conceitos ultra-avan&#231;ados que, sequer, s&#227;o pass&#237;veis de serem executados na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica di&#225;ria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>H&#225; que se repensar.</p>
      <p>A quest&#227;o do acesso aos servi&#231;os e aos medicamentos fundamentais deve tamb&#233;m ser uma quest&#227;o de honra.</p>
      <p>&#201; dever da sociedade organizada e de cada cidad&#227;o, individualmente, participar dos mecanismos de press&#227;o para que as pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas na &#225;rea da sa&#250;de sejam, efetiva e continuamente, implementadas. Assim, poderemos ter continuidade em tantos projetos que j&#225; promoveram avan&#231;os, que foram completamente perdidos pela simples vontade pol&#237;tica de dirigentes descompromissados com a sociedade.</p>
      <p>Quem sabe seguindo este caminho estaremos, com efeito, contribuindo para uma mudan&#231;a na hist&#243;ria das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares em nosso pa&#237;s.</p>
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  </sub-article>
</article>
