<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">9GVKFZY57HRfhqRn6ndYCzH</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001400120</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180149</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Microcirculation and Cardiovascular Diseases</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tibiri&#231;&#225;</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lorenzo</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea De</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Mestrado profissional em Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Mestrado profissional em Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares do Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</bold> Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; R. Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255 &#8211; Pr&#233;dio do HU 8&#186; andar &#8211; sala 6, UFRJ. Postal Code 21941-913, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>glauciam@cardiol.br</email>, <email>glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>120</fpage>
      <lpage>121</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Microcirculation/physiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Humans</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Endothelium, Vascular/pysiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Vasodilatation/physiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic Imaging</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Human microcirculation has some aspects that make it unique in its capacity to adjust the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the metabolic demands of all cells throughout the body by adjusting vascular tone and releasing different vasoactive substances.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Endothelium-dependent vasodilation response in humans may vary according to age, gender, the vascular bed involved and the presence of atherosclerotic disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells undergo different hyperpolarization and relaxation when exposed to nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF), among others, as a result of the factors described above.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In the last decade, the importance of assessing microvascular function has become evident in research on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk stratification.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> In this context, cutaneous microcirculation has been considered an accessible and representative vascular bed for assessing microvascular reactivity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Indeed, there is evidence of an association between cutaneous microvascular reactivity and the microcirculatory function in different vascular beds, concerning both the underlying mechanisms and the intensity of the endothelium-dependent vasodilation response.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Therefore, assessing cutaneous microvascular reactivity has been proposed as a prognosis marker both for chronic disease and for the action of drugs related to the microvascular endothelial function.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Microcirculation assessment in humans was initially performed using invasive techniques such as coronary angiography; however, the evolution of imaging techniques has made it possible to diagnose microcirculatory abnormalities in cardiovascular disease using non-invasive methods that range from ultrasound techniques such as stress echocardiogram and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (neither directly assesing myocardial blood flow, as both are used to detect ischemia &#8211; which, in the absence of obstructive epicardial coronary disease, is considered evidence of microvascular disease) to more expensive techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). The prognostic importance of myocardial microvascular dysfunction has been acknowledged, which has boosted studies on the subject, though it is not possible so far to directly visualize its structural abnormalities, which can only be assessed through myocardial flow or coronary flow reserve (CFR).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>CFR, or the ratio of hyperemic myocardial blood flow &#8211; i.e., at peak stress &#8211; to myocardial blood flow at rest,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> evaluates the whole hemodynamics of coronary circulation, from epicardial arteries to microcirculation, including endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Reduced CFR has been shown to be an independent predictor of mortality, also in patients with normal epicardial coronary arteries.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> CFR can be examined by PET,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> but because that method is not largely available, CFR exams have recently become possible by means of myocardial scintigraphy (SPECT) using solid-state gamma cameras such as the telluride-cadmium-zinc (CZT) type, which provide higher sensitivity and better temporal and spatial resolutions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
		</p>
    <p>As mentioned earlier, the systemic microcirculatory function can be examined using techniques for measuring the microvascular flow in the skin in a non-invasive way. In the clinical context, the methods most commonly used are based on laser light, including laser Doppler imaging and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> These techniques are usually associated with physiological or pharmacological stimuli that allow assessing endothelium-dependent (or independent) microvascular reactivity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> The physiological stimulus is usually forearm post-occlusive reactive hyperemia, which induces an endothelium-dependent vasodilation response. The most commonly used pharmacological stimulus is the cutaneous infusion of acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent vasodilation) or sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent vasodilatation), both through micro-iontophoresis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In this context, we have recently conducted a study using the LSCI technique where we demonstrated that the endothelium-dependent vasodilation response of cutaneous microcirculation is reduced in patients with early-onset coronary artery disease compared to healthy individuals<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>. In addition, the microvascular response related to vascular smooth muscle dilatation was also reduced in those patients, in parallel with significant increases of carotid intima-media thickness.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> In another study, we demonstrated that the systemic microvascular endothelial function is similarly compromised in patients with ischemic heart disease or chronic Chagas heart disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Recently, we adapted the LSCI technique for noninvasive assessment of penile microvascular reactivity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> In that study, we demonstrated that LSCI can be used to assess the effects of type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors on penile microcirculation in patients with hypertension and erectile dysfunction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Microcirculation rarefaction has been associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Change in the microvascular function in the skin has also been shown to correlate with an increased risk of coronary artery disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> In addition, the rarefaction of microcirculation in capillary beds is related to target organ damage, which was suggested by the existence of an association between myocardial disease and the reduction of capillary density, as well as another association between left ventricular hypertrophy and cutaneous microvascular dysfunction, regardless of the level of systemic arterial pressure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> In a recent study, we demonstrated that cutaneous capillary density, as well as endothelium-dependent capillary recruitment, are reduced in patients with early-onset coronary artery disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Therefore, the early detection of subclinical cardiovascular disease through the assessment of microcirculatory density and reactivity non-invasive techniques could represent an opportunity for early intervention, and consequently, prevention of cardiovascular events.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Moreover, microcirculation assessment could be useful to evaluate the chronic effects of cardiovascular drugs, making it attractive not only in research contexts but also in clinical practice.</p>
    <p>Thus, we believe that microcirculation assessment will be increasingly employed in cardiovascular practice, both for diagnostic and prognostic purposes and for testing novel therapeutic interventions.</p>
  </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Microcircula&#231;&#227;o e Doen&#231;a Cardiovascular</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tibiri&#231;&#225;</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lorenzo</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea De</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Mestrado profissional em Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares do Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</bold> Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; R. Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255 &#8211; Pr&#233;dio do HU 8&#186; andar &#8211; sala 6, UFRJ. CEP 21941-913, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>glauciam@cardiol.br</email>, <email>glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Microcircula&#231;&#227;o/fisiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Humanos</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Endot&#233;lio Vascular/fisiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Vasodilata&#231;&#227;o/fisiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A microcircula&#231;&#227;o humana apresenta aspectos que a tornam &#250;nica em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; sua capacidade de ajustar a oferta de oxig&#234;nio e nutrientes &#224;s demandas metab&#243;licas de todas as c&#233;lulas do organismo, promovendo ajustes no t&#244;nus vascular e a libera&#231;&#227;o de diferentes subst&#226;ncias vasoativas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> A resposta vasodilatadora dependente do endot&#233;lio de seres humanos varia de acordo com a idade, g&#234;nero, leito vascular envolvido, e presen&#231;a de doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica. As c&#233;lulas musculares lisas vasculares sofrem hiperpolariza&#231;&#227;o e relaxamento diferenciados quando expostas ao &#243;xido n&#237;trico (ON), prostaciclina e fatores hiperpolarizantes derivados do endot&#233;lio (FHDE), entre outros, sob influ&#234;ncia dos fatores descritos acima.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Na &#250;ltima d&#233;cada, a import&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o microvascular tornou-se evidente na investiga&#231;&#227;o da fisiopatologia das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e na estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Neste contexto, a microcircula&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;nea tem sido considerada como um leito vascular acess&#237;vel e representativo na avalia&#231;&#227;o da reatividade microvascular sist&#234;mica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> De fato, existem evid&#234;ncias demonstrando a exist&#234;ncia de uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre a reatividade microvascular cut&#226;nea e a fun&#231;&#227;o microcirculat&#243;ria em diferentes leitos vasculares, tanto com rela&#231;&#227;o aos mecanismos subjacentes quanto na intensidade da resposta vasodilatadora dependente de endot&#233;lio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Portanto, a avalia&#231;&#227;o da reatividade microvascular cut&#226;nea tem sido proposta como um marcador de progn&#243;stico em doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas, assim como da a&#231;&#227;o de medicamentos na fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial microvascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o da microcircula&#231;&#227;o em humanos foi inicialmente realizada com t&#233;cnicas invasivas como a angiocoronariografia; por&#233;m, com a evolu&#231;&#227;o das t&#233;cnicas de imagens, tornou-se poss&#237;vel o diagn&#243;stico n&#227;o-invasivo das anormalidades microcirculat&#243;rias nas doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. Nesse sentido, t&#234;m-se empregado desde t&#233;cnicas de ultrassonografia, como o ecocardiograma de estresse, passando pela cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica de perfus&#227;o (sendo, ambos, m&#233;todos que n&#227;o avaliam diretamente o fluxo sangu&#237;neo mioc&#225;rdico, mas que s&#227;o empregados para detectar isquemia, considerada, na aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a coronariana obstrutiva epic&#225;rdica, uma evid&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a microvascular), at&#233; t&#233;cnicas mais dispendiosas como a tomografia por emiss&#227;o de p&#243;sitrons (PET). O reconhecimento da import&#226;ncia progn&#243;stica da disfun&#231;&#227;o microvascular coronariana impulsionou os estudos a ela relacionados, embora n&#227;o seja poss&#237;vel, at&#233; o presente momento, a visualiza&#231;&#227;o direta de suas anormalidades estruturais; estas s&#227;o pass&#237;veis de avalia&#231;&#227;o somente atrav&#233;s do fluxo mioc&#225;rdico ou da reserva de fluxo coronariano (RFC).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A RFC, ou a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o fluxo sangu&#237;neo mioc&#225;rdico em hiperemia, no pico do estresse, e o fluxo sangu&#237;neo mioc&#225;rdico em repouso,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> avalia toda a hemodin&#226;mica da circula&#231;&#227;o coronariana, desde as art&#233;rias epic&#225;rdicas at&#233; a microcircula&#231;&#227;o, integrando fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial e do m&#250;sculo liso vascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Uma RFC reduzida j&#225; demonstrou ser preditora independente de mortalidade, inclusive em pacientes com coron&#225;rias epic&#225;rdicas normais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> A RFC pode ser avaliada por PET,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> mas, devido &#224; disponibilidade limitada do m&#233;todo, sua avalia&#231;&#227;o tornou-se poss&#237;vel, recentemente, atrav&#233;s da cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica (SPECT) em gama-c&#226;maras de estado s&#243;lido, como as de telureto-c&#225;dmio-zinco (CZT), de maior sensibilidade e melhores resolu&#231;&#245;es temporal e espacial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Conforme mencionado anteriormente, a avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o microcirculat&#243;ria sist&#234;mica pode ser realizada atrav&#233;s de t&#233;cnicas que medem o fluxo microvascular na pele, de maneira n&#227;o invasiva. Na cl&#237;nica m&#233;dica, as principais metodologias utilizadas atualmente s&#227;o baseadas na utiliza&#231;&#227;o de luz laser, incluindo as t&#233;cnicas de laser Doppler e o laser <italic>speckle</italic> com contraste de imagens (LSCI).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Essas t&#233;cnicas s&#227;o usualmente associadas com est&#237;mulos fisiol&#243;gicos ou farmacol&#243;gicos que permitem a avalia&#231;&#227;o da reatividade microvascular dependente ou independente do endot&#233;lio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> O est&#237;mulo fisiol&#243;gico costuma ser a hiperemia reativa p&#243;s-oclusiva do antebra&#231;o, induzindo uma resposta vasodilatadora dependente do endot&#233;lio. Os est&#237;mulos farmacol&#243;gicos mais utilizados s&#227;o a infus&#227;o cut&#226;nea, atrav&#233;s de micro-iontoforese, de acetilcolina (vasodilata&#231;&#227;o dependente de endot&#233;lio) ou de nitroprussiato de s&#243;dio (vasodilata&#231;&#227;o independente de endot&#233;lio).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Neste contexto, realizamos recentemente um estudo com a t&#233;cnica de LSCI, no qual demonstramos que a resposta vasodilatadora dependente de endot&#233;lio da microcircula&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;nea est&#225; reduzida em pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana de in&#237;cio precoce, em compara&#231;&#227;o com indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> Al&#233;m disso, a resposta microvascular relacionada com a dilata&#231;&#227;o do m&#250;sculo liso vascular tamb&#233;m se encontrava reduzida nesses pacientes, em paralelo a aumentos significativos da espessura m&#233;dio-intimal das art&#233;rias car&#243;tidas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> Em outro estudo, demonstramos que a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial microvascular sist&#234;mica est&#225; comprometida de maneira semelhante em pacientes com cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica ou com a cardiopatia cr&#244;nica da doen&#231;a de Chagas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Recentemente, adaptamos a t&#233;cnica de LSCI para a avalia&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o invasiva da reatividade da microcircula&#231;&#227;o peniana.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Nesse estudo, demonstramos que a LSCI pode ser utilizada na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos efeitos de medicamentos inibidores da fosfodiesterase tipo 5 na microcircula&#231;&#227;o peniana de pacientes com hipertens&#227;o arterial e disfun&#231;&#227;o er&#233;til.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A rarefa&#231;&#227;o da microcircula&#231;&#227;o tem sido associada a doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e metab&#243;licas, incluindo hipertens&#227;o arterial, diabetes, obesidade e s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Tamb&#233;m j&#225; foi demonstrado que as altera&#231;&#245;es da fun&#231;&#227;o microvascular na pele est&#227;o correlacionadas ao aumento do risco da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> Al&#233;m disso, a rarefa&#231;&#227;o da microcircula&#231;&#227;o ao n&#237;vel dos leitos capilares est&#225; relacionada a les&#245;es de &#243;rg&#227;os-alvo, o que foi sugerido pela exist&#234;ncia de uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre doen&#231;a mioc&#225;rdica e redu&#231;&#227;o da densidade capilar, assim como de outra associa&#231;&#227;o entre hipertrofia do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e disfun&#231;&#227;o microvascular cut&#226;nea, independentemente dos n&#237;veis de press&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Em estudo recente, demonstramos que a densidade capilar cut&#226;nea, assim como o recrutamento capilar dependente de endot&#233;lio, est&#227;o reduzidos em pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana de in&#237;cio precoce.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Portanto, a detec&#231;&#227;o precoce de doen&#231;a cardiovascular subcl&#237;nica, atrav&#233;s da avalia&#231;&#227;o da densidade e da reatividade microcirculat&#243;ria por meio de t&#233;cnicas n&#227;o invasivas, poderia representar uma oportunidade de interven&#231;&#227;o precoce e, em consequ&#234;ncia, de preven&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Ainda, a avalia&#231;&#227;o microcirculat&#243;ria poderia ser &#250;til na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos efeitos cr&#244;nicos de medicamentos de a&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular, tornando-se atraente n&#227;o apenas em contextos de pesquisa, mas tamb&#233;m na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
      <p>Desse modo, acreditamos que a avalia&#231;&#227;o da microcircula&#231;&#227;o ser&#225; cada vez mais empregada na pr&#225;tica cardiovascular, tanto para fins de diagn&#243;stico e de progn&#243;stico, como para testar novas interven&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas.</p>
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