<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">kBHxhgw5ZzdRZfr6FWjdxZt</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018001300082</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180125</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Lupus Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barberato</surname>
            <given-names>Silvio Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cardioeco &#8211; Centro de Diagn&#243;stico Cardiovascular</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Curitiba</city>
          <state>PR</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardioeco &#8211; Centro de Diagn&#243;stico Cardiovascular, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Silvio Henrique Barberato</bold>, Rua Rezala Sim&#227;o, 1316/ Casa 28. CEP 80330-180, Santa Quit&#233;ria, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>silviohb@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>7</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>111</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>82</fpage>
      <lpage>83</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right</kwd>
        <kwd>Lupus Erythematosus</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Lung Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension, Pulmonary</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Strain</kwd>
        <kwd>Strain Rate</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>The importance of the right ventricle in cardiovascular physiology has been underestimated for decades. Previously considered a mere conduit, the right ventricle is currently known to play a major role in maintaining global cardiac function intact. In parallel, right ventricular (RV) systolic function has been shown to be an essential determinant of clinical outcomes in several scenarios,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> and should thus be considered in the individualized management of patients. The need to diagnose RV dysfunction is evident. Because of its wide availability, echocardiography is the most frequently used imaging test in clinical practice to assess RV size and function. That assessment can be hindered by the complex RV anatomy; thus, important international societies of cardiovascular imaging have recommended the routine and systematic addition of several echocardiographic measurements and techniques.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> That approach includes conventional parameters, such as RV basal diameter (normal &#8804; 41 mm) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE - normal &#8805; 17 mm), as well as advanced parameters, such as the <italic>s</italic> wave of the RV free wall on tissue Doppler (normal &#8805; 9.5 cm/s), ejection fraction on 3D echocardiography (normal &#8805; 45%) and longitudinal strain of the RV free wall (normal &#8805; -20%).</p>
    <p>In this scenario, strain (systolic shortening percentage) and strain rate (shortening rate), calculated by speckle tracking on two-dimensional echocardiography (2D speckle tracking or 2D-STE), emerge as alternatives in the RV systolic function analysis. The longitudinal strain of the RV free wall, excluding the ventricular septum, showed prognostic value in patients with signs and symptoms of cardiopulmonary disease, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension, congenital heart diseases, RV arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and amyloidosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Right ventricular longitudinal strain is a parameter less dependent on the angle, with less intra- and interobserver variability, that can apparently detect early RV dysfunction. Its drawbacks include the high dependence on image quality and the variability of the software of the equipment available in the market.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Recently an international consensus has been reached to standardize the use of 2D-STE to obtain RV strain.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> The specific use of right-ventricle-focused apical 4-chamber view is recommended for correct strain measurement. Extreme care should be taken to define the region of interest (ROI) of the endocardial border (suggested ROI: 5 mm), because of the RV shape and thin walls. The pericardium should be excluded from the analysis, because of the risk of strain underestimation.</p>
    <p>The study by Luo et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> published in this issue of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, shows that the assessment of strain and strain rate by use of 2D-STE can detect early RV dysfunction in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with mild and subclinical pulmonary hypertension [PH: systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) between 30 and 50 mmHg]. It is worth noting that, considering the other conventional and nonconventional parameters of RV size and systolic function, RV dysfunction was only diagnosed in individuals with moderate to severe PH (SPAP &#8805; 50 mmHg). It is necessary to acknowledge the little methodological limitation in estimating right atrial pressure, to which only two values were attributed (8 or 15 mmHg) in the dynamic analysis of the inferior vena cava. This might have overestimated the SPAP in some patients, but that bias does not invalidate the results of that study. Another study has reported that the survival rates of patients with SLE who develop PH seem lower than those of individuals with primary PH.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> The findings of the study by Luo et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> allow us to speculate that RV dysfunction is the mediator of the high mortality risk in that group of individuals. Those findings suggest that the use of strain to analyze RV systolic function in SLE can select patients in a subclinical phase who require careful surveillance and early therapy to prevent the development of RV failure and cardiovascular complications. Further studies are necessary to deepen the pathophysiological knowledge of RV dysfunction in the clinical context of SLE and to assess the role of intervention strategies to reduce mortality.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial regarding the article: &#8220;Early Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients using Strain and Strain Rate Imaging&#8221;</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Venkatachalam S, Wu G, Ahmad M. Echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle in the current era: Application in clinical practice. Echocardiography. 2017;34(12):1930-47.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Venkatachalam</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wu</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ahmad</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle in the current era: Application in clinical practice</article-title>
          <source>Echocardiography</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>34</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1930</fpage>
          <lpage>1947</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23(7):685-713.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rudski</surname>
              <given-names>LG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lai</surname>
              <given-names>WW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Afilalo</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hua</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Handschumacher</surname>
              <given-names>MD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chandrasekaran</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography</article-title>
          <source>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>23</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>685</fpage>
          <lpage>713</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015:28(1):1-39.e14.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lang</surname>
              <given-names>RM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Badano</surname>
              <given-names>LP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mor-Avi</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Afilalo</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Armstrong</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ernande</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging</article-title>
          <source>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>28</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>39</lpage>
          <elocation-id>e14</elocation-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Badano LP, Kolias TJ, Muraru D, Abraham TP, Aurigemma G, Edvardsen T, et al. Standardization of left atrial, right ventricular, and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;19(6):591-600.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Badano</surname>
              <given-names>LP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kolias</surname>
              <given-names>TJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Muraru</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Abraham</surname>
              <given-names>TP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Aurigemma</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Edvardsen</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Standardization of left atrial, right ventricular, and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>591</fpage>
          <lpage>600</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 Luo R, Cui H, Huang D, Sun L, Song S, Sun M, et al. Early Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients using Strain and Strain Rate Imaging. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 111(1):75-81.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Luo</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cui</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Huang</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sun</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Song</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sun</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Early Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients using Strain and Strain Rate Imaging</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>111</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>75</fpage>
          <lpage>81</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6 Chung SM, Lee CK, Lee EY, Yoo B, Lee SD, Moon HB. Clinical aspects of pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Rheumatol. 2006, 25 (6), 866-72.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chung</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>CK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>EY</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yoo</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>SD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moon</surname>
              <given-names>HB</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical aspects of pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension</article-title>
          <source>Clin Rheumatol</source>
          <year>2006</year>
          <volume>25</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>866</fpage>
          <lpage>872</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Direita no L&#250;pus com Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barberato</surname>
            <given-names>Silvio Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <institution content-type="original">Cardioeco &#8211; Centro de Diagn&#243;stico Cardiovascular, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Silvio Henrique Barberato</bold>, Rua Rezala Sim&#227;o, 1316/ Casa 28. CEP 80330-180, Santa Quit&#233;ria, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>silviohb@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Direita/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Lupus Eritematoso</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Pneumopatias</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Strain</kwd>
        <kwd>Strain Rate</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A import&#226;ncia do ventr&#237;culo direito (VD) na fisiologia cardiovascular foi subestimada por d&#233;cadas. Antes considerado apenas um conduto, sabe-se atualmente que seu desempenho &#233; fundamental para manter a fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca global intacta. Em paralelo, demonstrou-se que a fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica do VD &#233; um determinante essencial de desfechos cl&#237;nicos em diversos cen&#225;rios<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> e deve, portanto, ser considerada no manejo individualizado dos pacientes. Assim, a necessidade do diagn&#243;stico da disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD &#233; evidente. Pela ampla disponibilidade, a ecocardiografia &#233; a modalidade de imagem mais utilizada na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica para a avalia&#231;&#227;o do tamanho e fun&#231;&#227;o do VD. Essa an&#225;lise pode ser dificultada devido &#224; complexa anatomia do VD, de forma que importantes sociedades internacionais de imagem cardiovascular t&#234;m recomendado a adi&#231;&#227;o rotineira e sistem&#225;tica de diversas medidas e t&#233;cnicas ecocardiogr&#225;ficas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Essa abordagem inclui par&#226;metros convencionais, tais como di&#226;metro basal do VD (normal &#8804; 41 mm), excurs&#227;o sist&#243;lica do plano anular tric&#250;spide (TAPSE - normal &#8805; 17 mm) e par&#226;metros avan&#231;ados, tais como onda <italic>s</italic> da parede livre do VD ao Doppler tecidual (normal &#8805; 9,5 cm/s), fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o ao ecocardiograma 3D (normal &#8805; 45%) e <italic>strain</italic> longitudinal da parede livre do VD (normal &#8805; -20%), entre outros.</p>
      <p>Nesse cen&#225;rio, <italic>strain</italic> (porcentual de encurtamento sist&#243;lico) e <italic>strain rate</italic> (taxa de velocidade desse encurtamento), calculados por meio do rastreamento de pontos pela ecocardiografia bidimensional (2D <italic>speckle tracking</italic> ou 2D-STE), emergem como alternativas de destaque na an&#225;lise da fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica do VD. O <italic>strain</italic> longitudinal da parede livre do VD, ou seja, excluindo o septo interventricular, mostrou valor progn&#243;stico em pacientes com sinais e sintomas de doen&#231;a cardiopulmonar, tais como insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas, cardiomiopatia arritmog&#234;nica do VD e amiloidose.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> O <italic>strain</italic> longitudinal do VD &#233; um par&#226;metro menos dependente do &#226;ngulo, com menor variabilidade intra- e interobservador, e aparentemente capaz de detectar precocemente a disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita. Suas desvantagens incluem a alta depend&#234;ncia da qualidade de imagem e a variabilidade entre os <italic>softwares</italic> dos equipamentos dispon&#237;veis no mercado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Recente consenso internacional foi elaborado para padronizar o emprego do 2D-STE na obten&#231;&#227;o do <italic>strain</italic> do VD.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> &#201; recomendado o uso espec&#237;fico do corte apical 4 c&#226;maras focado no VD para a correta aferi&#231;&#227;o das medidas do <italic>strain</italic>. Extremo cuidado deve ser tomado na defini&#231;&#227;o da regi&#227;o de interesse (sigla em ingl&#234;s ROI) da borda endoc&#225;rdica (sugere-se ROI de 5 mm), devido ao formato e &#224;s paredes finas do VD. O peric&#225;rdio deve ser exclu&#237;do da an&#225;lise, sob o risco de subestimativa do <italic>strain</italic>.</p>
      <p>O estudo de Luo et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> publicado nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, demonstra que a avalia&#231;&#227;o de <italic>strain</italic> e <italic>strain rate</italic> por 2D-STE pode detectar precocemente disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita em portadores de l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico (LES) associado a hipertens&#227;o pulmonar (HP) discreta (press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar [PSAP] entre 30 e 50 mmHg) e subcl&#237;nica. Importante ressaltar que, &#224; luz dos demais par&#226;metros convencionais e n&#227;o convencionais de tamanho e fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica do VD, a disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita s&#243; foi diagnosticada em indiv&#237;duos com HP moderada a grave (PSAP &#8805; 50 mmHg). &#201; preciso reconhecer pequena limita&#231;&#227;o metodol&#243;gica na estimativa da press&#227;o no &#225;trio direito, que assumiu apenas dois valores (8 ou 15 mmHg) pela an&#225;lise da din&#226;mica da veia cava inferior. Isso pode ter superestimado a PSAP em alguns pacientes, mas tal vi&#233;s n&#227;o invalida os resultados do estudo. Dados apontam que as taxas de sobrevida dos pacientes com LES que desenvolvem HP parecem ser menores do que as dos portadores de HP prim&#225;ria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Os achados de Luo et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> permitem especular que a disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita seja o mediador do alto risco de mortalidade nesse grupo de indiv&#237;duos. Em termos pr&#225;ticos, os achados do estudo sugerem que o uso do <italic>strain</italic> na an&#225;lise da fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica do VD no LES pode selecionar os pacientes em fase subcl&#237;nica que demandam vigil&#226;ncia atenta e terapia precoce para prevenir o desenvolvimento de insufici&#234;ncia ventricular direita e complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares. Novas investiga&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para aprofundar o conhecimento fisiopatol&#243;gico da disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita no contexto cl&#237;nico do LES e testar o papel de estrat&#233;gias de interven&#231;&#227;o direcionadas para a redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo &#8220;Avalia&#231;&#227;o Precoce da Fun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Direita em Pacientes com L&#250;pus Eritematoso Sist&#234;mico pelo Strain e Strain Rate&#8221;</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
