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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">5b6vVzN8Qhb5fZL6JKDDYXR</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018000600600</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180093</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Challenging Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction Due to Anomalous Left Circumflex Artery</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Opolski</surname>
            <given-names>Maksymilian P.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Grodecki</surname>
            <given-names>Kajetan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Spiewak</surname>
            <given-names>Mateusz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Furmanek</surname>
            <given-names>Mariusz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Michalowska</surname>
            <given-names>Ilona</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Institute of Cardiology</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Warsaw</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PL">Poland</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw - Poland</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Medical University of Warsaw</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Warsaw</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PL">Poland</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw - Poland</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">University of Warsaw</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Medical Center for Postgraduate Education</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Warsaw</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PL">Poland</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw - Poland</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Maksymilian P. Opolski.</bold> Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw - Poland. E-mail: <email>opolski.mp@gmail.com</email>, <email>maxopol@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Opolski MP, Spiewak M; Acquisition of data: Opolski MP, Spiewak M, Furmanek M, Michalowska I; Analysis and interpretation of the data and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Opolski MP, Grodecki K, Spiewak M, Furmanek M, Michalowska I; Obtaining financing: Opolski MP; Writing of the manuscript: Opolski MP, Grodecki K.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>110</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>600</fpage>
      <lpage>601</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction / Diagnosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Anomalies</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Angiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Magnetic Resonance</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education</funding-source>
          <award-id>IP2014 034073</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>This study was partially funded by Research Grant "Iuventus Plus" from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [IP2014 034073].</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A 45-year-old male without past medical history presented with retrosternal chest pain and ST-segment elevation in inferolateral leads at ECG. Invasive coronary angiography, along with optical coherence tomography performed as part of the clinical study, showed normal coronaries, and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) was diagnosed (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1 A</xref>-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">B</xref>). Due to ongoing chest pain, triple-rule-out computed tomography angiography (CTA) was undertaken to exclude aortic dissection and pulmonary embolism. Incidentally, anomalous left circumflex artery (LCx) originating from the right sinus of Valsalva with a suspicion on severe stenosis was detected (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1 C</xref>-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">E</xref>). Selective angiography of the LCx confirmed severe lesion in the distal vessel segment (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1 F</xref>), however given the resolution of patient's symptoms, a decision on medical therapy with dual antiplatelet agents was undertaken. At discharge, cardiac magnetic resonance disclosed mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (53%) with myocardial edema and transmural infarction of the basal-to-mid lateral wall (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1 G</xref>-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">H</xref>).</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Coronary angiography, coronary computed tomography angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance findings of the patient with challenging diagnosis of myocardial infarction and anomalous left circumflex artery.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-110-06-0600-80093-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>LCx arising from the right aortic sinus is the most frequent coronary artery anomaly (CAA) found in up to 0.7% of the population. Although anomalous LCx is considered benign, the severe angle and tortuous vessel course may predispose it to accelerated atherosclerosis. Herein, the anomalous LCx was overlooked due to super-selective cannulation of the right coronary artery, and a large intermediate branch was incorrectly classified as LCx leading to deferred revascularization and irreversible myocardial injury. This case highlights that CAA could be included in the differential diagnosis of MINOCA, and unveils the potential for triple-rule-out CTA in detecting CAA.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was partially funded by Research Grant "Iuventus Plus" from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [IP2014 034073].</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Kang JW, Seo JB, Chae EJ, Jang YM, Do KH, Lee JS, et al. Coronary Artery Anomalies: Classification and Electrocardiogram-Gated Multidetector Computed Tomographic Findings. Semin Ultrasound, CT MRI. 2008;29(3):182-194.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kang</surname>
              <given-names>JW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Seo</surname>
              <given-names>JB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chae</surname>
              <given-names>EJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jang</surname>
              <given-names>YM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Do</surname>
              <given-names>KH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>JS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Coronary Artery Anomalies: Classification and Electrocardiogram-Gated Multidetector Computed Tomographic Findings</article-title>
          <source>Semin Ultrasound, CT MRI</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>29</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>182</fpage>
          <lpage>194</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Wilkins CE, Betancourt B, Mathur VS, Massumi A, De Castro CM, Garcia E, et al. Coronary Artery Anomalies: A Review of More than 10,000 Patients from The Clayton Cardiovascular Laboratories. Texas Heart Inst J. 1988;15(3):166-173.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wilkins</surname>
              <given-names>CE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Betancourt</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mathur</surname>
              <given-names>VS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Massumi</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>De Castro</surname>
              <given-names>CM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garcia</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Coronary Artery Anomalies: A Review of More than 10,000 Patients from The Clayton Cardiovascular Laboratories</article-title>
          <source>Texas Heart Inst J</source>
          <year>1988</year>
          <volume>15</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>166</fpage>
          <lpage>173</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Diagn&#243;stico Desafiador de Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio Devido &#224; Art&#233;ria Circunflexa Esquerda An&#244;mala</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Opolski</surname>
            <given-names>Maksymilian P.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Grodecki</surname>
            <given-names>Kajetan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Spiewak</surname>
            <given-names>Mateusz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Furmanek</surname>
            <given-names>Mariusz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Michalowska</surname>
            <given-names>Ilona</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Institute of Cardiology, Vars&#243;via, Pol&#244;nia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Medical University of Warsaw, Vars&#243;via, Pol&#244;nia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Vars&#243;via, Pol&#244;nia</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Maksymilian P. Opolski.</bold> Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw - Poland. E-mail: <email>opolski.mp@gmail.com</email>, <email>maxopol@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Opolski MP, Spiewak M; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Opolski MP, Spiewak M, Furmanek M, Michalowska I; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Opolski MP, Grodecki K, Spiewak M, Furmanek M, Michalowska I; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Opolski MP; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Opolski MP, Grodecki K.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio / Diagn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Anomalias das Art&#233;rias Coron&#225;rias</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiografia Coron&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Resson&#226;nica Magn&#233;tica Card&#237;aca</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education</funding-source>
          <award-id>IP2014 034073</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>O presente estudo foi financiado pela Research Grant "Iuventus Plus" da Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [IP2014 034073].</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Homem de 45 anos sem hist&#243;ria m&#233;dica apresentou dor tor&#225;cica retroesternal e eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST em deriva&#231;&#245;es inferolaterais no ECG. A angiografia coron&#225;ria invasiva, juntamente com a tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica realizada como parte do estudo cl&#237;nico, mostraram art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias normais, e foi diagnosticado infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias n&#227;o obstrutivas (MINOCA) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1 A</xref>-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">B</xref>). Devido &#224; dor tor&#225;cica cont&#237;nua, foi realizada uma angiografia por tomografia computadorizada de descarte triplo (CTA) para excluir a dissec&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica e a embolia pulmonar. Ali&#225;s, detectou-se uma art&#233;ria circunflexa esquerda an&#244;mala (CxE) que se originou no seio direito de Valsalva com suspeita de estenose grave (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1 C</xref>-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">E</xref>). A angiografia seletiva da CxE confirmou uma les&#227;o grave no segmento distal do vaso (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1 F</xref>), no entanto, dada a resolu&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas do paciente, foi tomada a decis&#227;o de terapia m&#233;dica com agentes antiplaquet&#225;rios duplos. Na alta, a resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca revelou uma fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (53%) ligeiramente reduzida, com edema mioc&#225;rdico e infarto transmural da parede lateral basal e m&#233;dia (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1 G</xref>-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">H</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Angiografia coron&#225;ria, angiotomografia computadorizada coron&#225;ria e achados de resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca do paciente com diagn&#243;stico desafiador de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e art&#233;ria circunflexa esquerda an&#244;mala.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-110-06-0600-80093-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>CxE surgindo do seio a&#243;rtico direito &#233; a anomalia coron&#225;ria mais frequente (AAC) encontrada em at&#233; 0,7% da popula&#231;&#227;o. Embora a CxE an&#244;mala seja considerada benigna, o &#226;ngulo severo e o curso tortuoso dos vasos podem predispor a aterosclerose acelerada. Neste caso, a CxE an&#244;mala foi omitida devido &#224; canula&#231;&#227;o super seletiva da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita e um grande ramo intermedi&#225;rio foi incorretamente classificado como CxE levando a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o tardia e les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica irrevers&#237;vel. Este caso destaca que a AAC poderia ser inclu&#237;da no diagn&#243;stico diferencial da MINOCA e revela o potencial do descarte triplo de CTA na detec&#231;&#227;o da CAA.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pela Research Grant "Iuventus Plus" da Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [IP2014 034073].</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
