<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">8QzQmLdyrnHqzHNKWT4hxXz</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018000600522</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180102</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Identifying the Impact of Metabolic Syndrome in Hypertensive Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bortolotto</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Aparecido</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (Incor)</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (Incor), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Luiz Aparecido Bortolotto.</bold> Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>hipbortolotto@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>110</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>522</fpage>
      <lpage>523</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Metabolic Syndrome / diagnosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases / mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Cholesterol</kwd>
        <kwd>Triglycerides, Waist Circumference</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Recent definitions of systemic arterial hypertension (AH) include metabolic changes and sustained hypertension, based on the association of AH with dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and obesity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> The mechanisms of this association are involved in the pathophysiology of AH and target-organ damage, including activation of the sympathetic nervous and the renin- angiotensin- aldosterone systems, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> These metabolic changes, in addition to hypertension, constitute the so-called metabolic syndrome (MS), a clinical condition associated with higher risk for cardiovascular disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> and chronic kidney disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> The study by Catharina et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> published in this issue, add interesting data on the relationship between MS, repercussions of AH and resistant hypertension (RH). The study included hypertensive patients at different stages and evaluated various biomarkers, such as adipokines, as well as cardiovascular properties. The first notable finding was the high prevalence of MS in patients with AH in both RH and control groups, and the prevalence was slightly higher in the former. This result is in accordance with what has been observed in the clinical practice in the last years - a high prevalence of obesity and metabolic abnormalities associated with hypertension and its consequences.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> This should be considered in therapeutic approaches of these patients, and changes in life style should be encouraged aiming at better controlling blood pressure and preventing related cardiovascular diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> The study also reported an association of MS with early kidney injury (microalbuminuria), the leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A) and RH. No association was found between MS and increased arterial stiffness or left ventricular hypertrophy. The authors draw attention to the early detection of renal injuries in MS, regardless of the hypertension stage, emphasizing the role of metabolic changes on the development of microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> and the need for controlling these changes to prevent kidney injury prevention. On the other hand, the lack of differences in vascular and cardiac lesions according to the presence of MS suggests that blood pressure is the component of greatest impact on these target-organ lesions, and that an adequate blood pressure control is essential for their prevention, as previously described.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> As the authors pointed out, the main finding of the study was the association between the L/A ratio and MS in hypertensive patients, reinforcing the role of increased leptin and reduced adiponectines in the pathophysiology of MS, showing as a potential therapeutic target in these patients. Besides, the L/A ratio, as suggested by the authors, may be a key tool for the screening of patients at higher risk for MS and provide them with early intervention. This, in turn, would delay the development of renal lesions and increase the likelihood of better control of blood pressure. Nevertheless, further prospective, long-term studies involving a higher number of patients are needed, as the study by Catharina et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> shows the association of the L/A ratio and MS in hypertensive patients in a cross-sectional design only. In summary, metabolic changes and obesity negatively affect blood pressure control and its repercussions in hypertensive patients and should be the target of therapeutic interventions in these individuals.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial regarding the article: Metabolic Syndrome-Related Features in Controlled and Resistant Hypertensive Subjects</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Identificando o Impacto da S&#237;ndrome Metab&#243;lica no Paciente Hipertenso</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bortolotto</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Aparecido</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (Incor), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Luiz Aparecido Bortolotto.</bold> Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>hipbortolotto@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Metab&#243;lica / diagn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares / mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Colesterol</kwd>
        <kwd>Triglic&#233;rides</kwd>
        <kwd>Circunfer&#234;ncia da Cintura</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>As defini&#231;&#245;es recentes de hipertens&#227;o arterial (HA) incluem altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas, al&#233;m dos n&#237;veis sustentadamente elevados de press&#227;o arterial, visto a elevada associa&#231;&#227;o da HA com dislipidemia, intoler&#226;ncia &#224; glicose e obesidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Os mecanismos envolvidos nesta associa&#231;&#227;o est&#227;o presentes na fisiopatologia da HA e das les&#245;es de &#243;rg&#227;os alvo, incluindo ativa&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso simp&#225;tico e do sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona, al&#233;m de disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial e inflama&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Estas altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas, junto &#224; hipertens&#227;o, caracterizam a reconhecida s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica (SM), condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica associada ao maior risco cardiovascular<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> e de doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> O estudo de Catharina et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> publicado neste n&#250;mero, acrescenta dados muito interessantes nessa rela&#231;&#227;o entre a SM, repercuss&#245;es da HA e a condi&#231;&#227;o de hipertens&#227;o resistente(HR). O estudo compreendeu pacientes hipertensos de diferentes est&#225;gios e avaliou diferentes biomarcadores, incluindo adipocinas, bem como propriedades vasculares e card&#237;acas. O primeiro resultado de destaque &#233; a observa&#231;&#227;o de uma alta preval&#234;ncia de SM nos pacientes hipertensos, tanto no grupo controlado quanto naqueles com HR, sendo um pouco maior nesse grupo. Esse resultado vai ao encontro com o que tem sido observado na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica nos &#250;ltimos anos: elevada preval&#234;ncia de obesidade e anormalidades metab&#243;licas associadas &#224; hipertens&#227;o e as suas consequ&#234;ncias.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A abordagem terap&#234;utica desses pacientes tem que levar em conta esse perfil, e mudan&#231;as de estilo de vida devem ser estimuladas com o objetivo de melhor controlar a press&#227;o arterial e prevenir as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares relacionadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> O estudo tamb&#233;m identificou que a presen&#231;a da SM foi associada com les&#227;o renal precoce (microalbumin&#250;ria), rela&#231;&#227;o leptina/adiponectina (L/A) e a presen&#231;a de HR. N&#227;o houve associa&#231;&#227;o da SM com aumento da rigidez arterial ou hipertrofia ventricular esquerda. Chama a aten&#231;&#227;o a identifica&#231;&#227;o precoce das les&#245;es renais na presen&#231;a da SM, independente do est&#225;gio de hipertens&#227;o, refor&#231;ando a import&#226;ncia das altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas no desenvolvimento de microalbumin&#250;ria em pacientes hipertensos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> e da necessidade do controle dessas altera&#231;&#245;es para preven&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o renal. De outro lado, a n&#227;o exist&#234;ncia de diferen&#231;as nas les&#245;es vasculares e card&#237;acas de acordo com a presen&#231;a de SM, sugere que a press&#227;o arterial &#233; o componente de maior impacto nestas les&#245;es de &#243;rg&#227;o-alvo, e o controle da press&#227;o &#233; fundamental para preveni-las, como j&#225; tem sido demonstrado<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>. Como os autores destacam, o principal achado do estudo foi a associa&#231;&#227;o da rela&#231;&#227;o L/A com a SM nos pacientes hipertensos, destacando o papel do excesso de leptina e da redu&#231;&#227;o de adiponectinas na fisiopatologia da SM, podendo ser um importante alvo de desenvolvimento terap&#234;utico para estes pacientes. Al&#233;m de alvo terap&#234;utico, a rela&#231;&#227;o L/A, como sugerido pelos autores, pode ser uma importante ferramenta para identificar aqueles pacientes hipertensos com mais chance de apresentar SM, e assim ter uma interven&#231;&#227;o mais precoce para retardar, sobretudo as les&#245;es renais e tamb&#233;m aumentar a chance de um melhor controle da press&#227;o arterial. No entanto, para comprovar o papel desta rela&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o necess&#225;rios novos estudos prospectivos com maior n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos e de longo-prazo, visto que o trabalho de Catharina et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> mostra apenas a associa&#231;&#227;o entre a rela&#231;&#227;o L/A e a presen&#231;a de SM em pacientes hipertensos em um corte transversal. Em resumo, a presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas e obesidade piora repercuss&#245;es e controle da press&#227;o em pacientes hipertensos, e deve ser um foco da terap&#234;utica nesses indiv&#237;duos.</p>
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          <p>Minieditorial referete ao artigo: Caracter&#237;sticas Relacionadas &#224; S&#237;ndrome Metab&#243;lica em Indiv&#237;duos com Hipertens&#227;o Controlada e Hipertens&#227;o Resistente</p>
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