<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="letter" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.7" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">FtfF5BTc6fHrvNfSLvWZ35n</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018000400399</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180060</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Incidence of Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Chagas Disease Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Emanoela Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sampaio</surname>
            <given-names>Elieusa e Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aras</surname>
            <given-names>Roque</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Salvador</city>
            <state>BA</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brazil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Emanoela Lima Freitas,</bold> Rua Miguel Gustavo, 735. Postal Code 40285-010, Brotas, Salvador, BA - Brazil. E-mail: <email>emanoela.limafreitas@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>110</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>399</fpage>
      <lpage>399</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Defibrillators, Implantable</kwd>
        <kwd>Chagas Disease/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke/etiology</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Atrial high-rate episodes (AHRE) have been described as subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF), characterized by the occurrence of atrial arrhythmias (including AF and atrial flutter) with atrial rate greater than 190 bpm<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> or 250 bpm,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> duration of 5-6 minutes or longer, asymptomatic, and detected by continuous monitoring, particularly with the use of implantable cardiac electronic devices (ICEDs). There is evidence that AHRE are associated with 2-2.5 times increased risk for stroke.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Although the incidence of AHRE may reach 70%,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> this number decreases to 30%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> when AF patients using oral anticoagulants are excluded. However, there are no data in the literature on AHRE incidence in some specific populations, vulnerable to thromboembolic complications, such as patients with Chagas Disease (CD). The incidence of AHRE was investigated in a cohort study with 67 Chagasic patients with ICEDs, conducted in the arrhythmia outpatient service of the University Hospital in Salvador, Brazil, between May 2016 and June 2017. Patients with AF or atrial flutter, and patients using anticoagulants were excluded. The ICEDs were set to detect AHRE episodes of atrial rate &#8805; 190 bpm and duration &#8805; 6 minutes, and patients were monitored for a mean period of 98 days (&#177; 28.8 days). Mean age was 63.6 years (&#177; 9.2 years), 67.2% were women and 50.7% were black. Cardiac pacemaker was the most common ICED (92.5%); 89.4% had the cardiac form of CD and mean ejection fraction was 58.5% (&#177; 14.1%). The incidence of AHRE was 11.9% (8 patients) in this population. Duration of the episodes were variable among patients - 6-29min (1 patient), 30min-5h59min (5 patients), 6h-23h59min (1 patient). In one patient, the longest episode was greater than 24 hours. The mean time period for the first AHRE was 27.6 days (&#177; 26.9). Evidence of the incidence of AHRE in Chagasic population aligns with the evidence of AHRE in other populations and gives support to the development of specific approaches involving antithrombotic therapy, until results of studies with anticoagulants become available.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Incid&#234;ncia de Epis&#243;dios de Alta Frequ&#234;ncia Atrial em Pacientes com Doen&#231;a de Chagas</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Emanoela Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sampaio</surname>
            <given-names>Elieusa e Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aras</surname>
            <given-names>Roque</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Emanoela Lima Freitas,</bold> Rua Miguel Gustavo, 735. CEP 40285-010, Brotas, Salvador, BA - Brasil. E-mail: <email>emanoela.limafreitas@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial / complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Artificial/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Desfibriladores Implant&#225;veis</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a de Chagas/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Os epis&#243;dios de alta frequ&#234;ncia atrial (EAFAs) t&#234;m sido descritos como &#8220;Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial (FA) subcl&#237;nica&#8221;, e retratam a ocorr&#234;ncia de arritmias atriais (incluindo FA e <italic>flutter</italic> atrial), caracterizadas por uma frequ&#234;ncia atrial &gt; 190<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> ou &gt; 250 bpm,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> com dura&#231;&#227;o acima de 5 ou 6 minutos, assintom&#225;ticas e detectadas por monitoramento cont&#237;nuo, em especial pelos dispositivos card&#237;acos eletr&#244;nicos implant&#225;veis (DCEIs). Dados evidenciam que EAFAs est&#227;o associados ao aumento de 2 a 2,5 vezes no risco de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> A incid&#234;ncia desses epis&#243;dios pode atingir 70%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> ao excluir pacientes com FA e em uso de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o oral, esse n&#250;mero cai para 30%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Por&#233;m, em algumas popula&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas e vulner&#225;veis &#224;s complica&#231;&#245;es tromboemb&#243;licas, como os pacientes com Doen&#231;a de Chagas (DC), n&#227;o temos na literatura dados da incid&#234;ncia desses epis&#243;dios. Em um estudo de coorte, desenvolvido num Ambulat&#243;rio de arritmias de um Hospital Universit&#225;rio (Salvador-BA), entre maio/2016 e junho/2017, envolvendo 67 pacientes chag&#225;sicos e portadores de DCEIs, investigou-se a incid&#234;ncia dos EAFAs. Foram exclu&#237;dos pacientes com FA/<italic>flutter</italic> atrial e/ou em uso de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o. Os DCEIs foram programados para identificar epis&#243;dios com frequ&#234;ncia atrial &#8805; 190 bpm e dura&#231;&#227;o &#8805; 6 minutos, e os pacientes foram monitorados por um tempo m&#233;dio de 98 dias (&#177; 28,8). A m&#233;dia de idade foi de 63,6 anos (&#177; 9,2), 67,2% eram do sexo feminino e 50,7% da ra&#231;a negra. O marcapasso card&#237;aco foi o DCEI mais comum (92,5%), 89,4% dos pacientes tinham apenas a forma card&#237;aca da DC e a m&#233;dia da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o foi de 58,5% (&#177; 14,1%). A incid&#234;ncia de EAFA foi de 11,9% (08 pacientes) nesta popula&#231;&#227;o. As dura&#231;&#245;es dos epis&#243;dios variaram: 6-29min (1 paciente), 30min-5h59min (5 pacientes), 6h-23h59min (1 paciente) e em 1 paciente a dura&#231;&#227;o do maior epis&#243;dio foi &gt; 24h. A m&#233;dia de tempo para atingir o primeiro EAFA foi de 27,6 dias (&#177; 26,9). Evidenciar na popula&#231;&#227;o chag&#225;sica a incid&#234;ncia de EAFA vem somar-se ao escopo de evid&#234;ncias em outras popula&#231;&#245;es, auxiliando na recomenda&#231;&#227;o de um gerenciamento espec&#237;fico, especialmente no que se refere &#224; terapia antitromb&#243;tica, at&#233; que os resultados de estudos com anticoagulantes estejam dispon&#237;veis.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
