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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.7" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">phvTH4kGj37bZG93kST5CRB</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018000300295</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180028</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Partial Prosthetic Mitral Valve Dehiscence: Transapical Percutaneous Closure</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ruivo</surname>
            <given-names>Catarina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vouga</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gama</surname>
            <given-names>Vasco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar de Leiria</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Leiria</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Espinho</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Espinho - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Catarina Ruivo</bold>, Rua das Olhalvas 2410, Pousos, Leiria E-mail: <email>catarina.ruivo.cardio@gmail.com</email>, <email>catarinaruivo10@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Writing of the manuscript: Ruivo C; Acquisition of data: Ruivo C, Ribeiro J; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Ruivo C, Ribeiro J, Rodrigues A; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Ribeiro J, Rodrigues A, Vouga L, Gama V.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>110</volume>
      <issue>03</issue>
      <fpage>295</fpage>
      <lpage>296</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Endocarditis</kwd>
        <kwd>Mitral Valve Insufficiency</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Insufficiency</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography,Transesophageal</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>An 80-year-old woman with a history of mitral and aortic prosthesis replacement with biological prostheses due to endocarditis presented worsening dyspnea. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a paravalvular regurgitation between the left ventricle and left atrial appendage. Given her high-risk surgery (EuroSCORE-II: 38%), a percutaneous approach was performed for definitive closure.</p>
    <p>Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) peri-procedure allowed the visualization of a partial dehiscence of the mitral prosthesis (Panel A, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). Through the 3D images, a tunneled defect with wall dissection measuring 12.5 mm of maximum diameter (Panel B, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>) was observed. Using a transapical pathway and collecting three-dimensional (3D) images in real time, a 12 mm Amplatzer septal prosthesis was positioned, occluding the entire defect. The TEE 3D image demonstrated savings of adjacent structures and absence of pericardial effusion during closure. Coronary angiography demonstrated no arterial compromise. A slight residual flow was detected after device implantation (C-F Panels <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Panel A: 2D peri-processual transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) shows paravalvular regurgitation (yellow arrow) between left ventricle and left atrial appendage; Panel B: Defect 3D TEE with diameter measurement; Panel C: 3D TEE guiding the guidewire through the defect; Panel D: 3D TEE showing the device (asterisk) through the defect; Panel E: left coronary angiography without vascular involvement after occlusal implant (yellow arrow); Panel F: Light residual flux detected after device deployment (asterisk).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-110-03-0295-80028-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Paravalvular regurgitation may result from suture dehiscence of the mitral prosthesis. Symptoms of heart failure are an indication for closure. A transapical approach allows direct access to the defect, providing good technical support. The TEE 3D image is essential for guiding the guidewire through the defect, confirming the correct position of the device and relating it to critical structures. The anatomy of the defect and the surrounding structures make this case a challenge, on both imaging acquisition and percutaneous technique</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Deisc&#234;ncia Parcial de Pr&#243;tese Mitral: Encerramento Percut&#226;neo Transapical</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ruivo</surname>
            <given-names>Catarina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vouga</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gama</surname>
            <given-names>Vasco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Espinho - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Catarina Ruivo</bold>, Rua das Olhalvas 2410, Pousos, Leiria E-mail: <email>catarina.ruivo.cardio@gmail.com</email>, <email>catarinaruivo10@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Ruivo C; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Ruivo C, Ribeiro J; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Ruivo C, Ribeiro J, Rodrigues A; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Ribeiro J, Rodrigues A, Vouga L, Gama V.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Endocardite</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia da Valva Mitral</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia da Valva A&#243;rtica</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografa Transesofagiana</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Mulher com 80 anos de idade, com hist&#243;ria de troca de pr&#243;tese mitral e a&#243;rtica por pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas, em decorr&#234;ncia de endocardite, apresentou agravamento da dispneia. Um ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico demonstrou uma regurgita&#231;&#227;o paravalvular entre o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e o ap&#234;ndice atrial esquerdo. Dado o seu alto risco cir&#250;rgico (EuroSCORE-II: 38%), foi realizada uma abordagem percut&#226;nea para o fechamento definitivo.</p>
      <p>A ecocardiografia transesof&#225;gica (ETE) peri-procedimento permitiu a visualiza&#231;&#227;o de uma deisc&#234;ncia parcial da pr&#243;tese mitral (Painel A, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). Atrav&#233;s das imagens 3D, observou-se um defeito tunelizado, com dissec&#231;&#227;o de parede, medindo 12,5 mm de di&#226;metro m&#225;ximo (Painel B, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). Utilizando uma via transapical e colhendo imagens tridimensionais (3D) em tempo real, uma pr&#243;tese Amplatzer septal de 12 mm foi posicionada, oclu&#237;ndo todo o defeito. A imagem de ETE 3D demonstrou poupan&#231;a das estruturas adjacentes e aus&#234;ncia de derrame peric&#225;rdico durante o fechamento. A angiografia coron&#225;ria demonstrou o n&#227;o comprometimento arterial. Foi detetado um fluxo residual ligeiro ap&#243;s a implanta&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo (Pain&#233;is C-F <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Painel A: Ecocardiografia transesof&#225;gica 2D peri-processual (ETE) mostra regurgita&#231;&#227;o paravalvular (seta amarela), entre o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e o ap&#234;ndice atrial esquerdo; Painel B: 3D ETE do defeito com medida de di&#226;metro; Painel C: 3D TEE guiando o fio-guia atrav&#233;s do defeito; Painel D: 3D ETE mostrando o dispositivo (asterisco) atrav&#233;s do defeito; Painel E: angiografia coronariana esquerda sem compromisso vascular ap&#243;s implante de oclusor (seta amarela); Painel F: Fluxo residual ligeiro detetado ap&#243;s a implanta&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo (asterisco).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-110-03-0295-80028-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>A regurgita&#231;&#227;o paravalvular pode resultar de uma deisc&#234;ncia de sutura da pr&#243;tese mitral. Os sintomas de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca representam uma indica&#231;&#227;o para o fechamento. Uma abordagem transapical permite acesso direto ao defeito, proporcionando bom suporte t&#233;cnico. A imagem de ETE 3D &#233; essencial para guiar o fio-guia atrav&#233;s do defeito, confirmar a posi&#231;&#227;o correta do dispositivo e relacion&#225;-lo com estruturas cr&#237;ticas. A anatomia do defeito e as estruturas circundantes tornam este caso um desafio, tanto pela aquisi&#231;&#227;o de imagem, como na t&#233;cnica percut&#226;nea.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
