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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.7" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">V58YKqqQ8FNtjB9GzXR64WN</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018000200201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180022</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Prenatal Case of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Lilian Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pacheco</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana Torres</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Schultz</surname>
            <given-names>Regina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Francisco</surname>
            <given-names>Rossana Pulcineli Vieira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zugaib</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Clinica Obst&#233;trica do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (USP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Patologia do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Juliana Torres Pacheco</bold>, Rua Capit&#227;o Macedo, 314/44. Postal Code 04021-020, Vila Mariana, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>ju.pacheco@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Analysis and interpretation of the data: Lopes LM; Acquisition of data: Lopes LM, Pacheco JT, Schultz R; Writing of the manuscript: Lopes LM, Pacheco JT; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Lopes LM, Schultz R, Francisco RPV, Zugaib M.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>2</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>110</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>201</fpage>
      <lpage>202</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia</kwd>
        <kwd>Fetus / echocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Prenatal Care</kwd>
        <kwd>Pregnancy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a heart muscle disorder that is characterized pathologically by fibrofatty replacement of the right (and sometimes left) ventricular myocardium.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> In 30-90% of cases, it is an inherited condition, with an autosomal dominant form of transmission.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Disease expression is variable. In this article, we discuss a rare case of fetal ARVD and its difficult prenatal diagnosis, only confirmed at post-natal autopsy.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Case Report</title>
      <p>A healthy 33-year-old woman (gravida 4, para 2) was referred to our tertiary center at 27 weeks' gestation because a previous fetal echocardiography showed an unexplained progression of congestive heart failure after tachyarrhythmia control with digoxin associated with amiodarone. The mother had been seen at another private clinic since 18 weeks' gestation, when the diagnosis was made of a structurally-normal fetal heart, premature atrial contractions, and supraventricular tachycardia with heart rate of 180bpm, treated with digoxin, initially.</p>
      <p>The patient was then referred to our unit, and fetal echocardiography performed at 27 weeks' gestation showed sinus rhythm with ventricular premature contractions, evidence of global dilatation of all chambers with lower limit shortening fraction of the left ventricle (28%, normal &gt;28%) and a functionally akinetic right ventricle (8%, normal &gt;28%). The presence of a low tricuspid regurgitation velocity of 0.80 m/sec and a reversal flow at the ductus arteriosus level with pulmonary insufficiency suggested a somewhat lower right ventricular systolic pressure (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). There was fetal hydrops with ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and skin edema. The umbilical Doppler indices and ductus venosus flow pattern were within normal ranges, but abnormal umbilical venous pulsations were present. The cardiovascular profile score<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> was six. Heart failure became worse in the subsequent days, and at 28 weeks' gestation, the patient was hospitalized to investigate other possible causes of fetal heart failure, such as infections, syndromes, and genetic disorders.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Fetal echocardiography and anatomic features observed at the autopsy. (a) Four-chamber view at 36 weeks showing cardiac enlargement and left atrial dilatation. (b) Three-vessel view showing reversal flow at the ductus arteriosus level (arrow). (c) Heart and lungs with pale, enlarged right ventricle. (d) Right ventricular wall is thin and almost devoid of muscle fibers. (e) A hematoxylin-eosin stain demonstrating absence of myocardial fibers and fibrofatty tissue replacement of the anterior free wall of the right ventricle. RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle; LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle; L: lungs.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-110-02-0201-80022-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>The patient's family medical history was unremarkable, and there were no clinical or serological signs of infection. This patient had experienced fetal death at 20 weeks' gestation in her first pregnancy , and her second pregnancy resulted in miscarriage. In the same year, her third pregnancy evolved to biventricular dysfunction, fetal hydrops, and intermittent tachyarrhythmia, again interpreted by another team as supraventricular. Transplacental medication with digoxin was tried at 25 weeks' gestation but did not prevent heart failure progression. At 29 weeks' gestation, the neonate was delivered by cesarean delivery and lived for 14 hours. Fetal autopsy was not performed.</p>
      <p>Considering the previous fetal losses, the similarities of the medical history of this pregnancy with the third pregnancy in terms of arrhythmias and the striking finding of right ventricular akinesia in the current fetal echocardiogram, an inherited condition was suspected, and the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia was considered. At 29 weeks' gestation, diminished fetal movement was observed in the ultrasonographic examination and a cesarean delivery was indicated. A 1,790g male stillbirth was delivered, and histological examination revealed moderate ascites and pleural effusion. Cardiac chambers were greatly dilated, the right ventricular walls were very pale and thin, the left ventricle had an aneurysm at the apex, and the right ventricle showed fibrous tissue and clusters of adipocytes interspersed with myocardial fibers.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>Marcus et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> described an entity called arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, characterized by localized deficiency or fibrofatty tissue replacement of the right ventricular myocardium, in the so-called "triangle of dysplasia" (inflow, outflow, and apical regions of the right ventricle), resulting in functional and morphological changes that provide a substrate for both arrhythmias and heart failure,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> different from Uhl's disease, which is characterized by a right ventricle wall as thin as a paper and almost devoid of muscle fibers, even though confusion between the two terms has occurred in recent years. Moreover, arrhythmia is more frequent in ARVD, which usually has a right ventricular origin, ranging from frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) to ventricular tachycardia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> (VT). Even though our patient had some of the cardinal features of ARVD<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> (RV dilation/dysfunction and arrhythmia), the diagnosis was only confirmed after the histological findings, as fetal presentation of this disease is rare and literature covering this scope is scarce.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Since ventricular arrhythmias are much more common in ARVD, the diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia in the third and current pregnancy before referral to our unit was probably misleading, with consequent drug treatment (digoxin) that was not the ideal one. Despite the chosen drug, it seems that in this case the evolution to cardiac failure and death could not be prevented, but we should be very careful when analyzing fetal rhythm, since a correct prenatal diagnosis is crucial for selecting the correct antiarrhythmic treatment and improve chances of survival. This article not only teaches us about the importance of echocardiographic ventricular function evaluation, especially in case of ventricular arrhythmia, but also highlights ARVD as a possible diagnosis in the fetus in early pregnancy.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Um Caso de Displasia Arritmog&#234;nica do Ventr&#237;culo Direito Pr&#233;-natal</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Lilian Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pacheco</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana Torres</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Schultz</surname>
            <given-names>Regina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Francisco</surname>
            <given-names>Rossana Pulcineli Vieira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zugaib</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Clinica Obst&#233;trica do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (USP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Patologia do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Juliana Torres Pacheco</bold>, Rua Capit&#227;o Macedo, 314/44. CEP 04021-020, Vila Mariana, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>ju.pacheco@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Lopes LM; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Lopes LM, Pacheco JT, Schultz R; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Lopes LM, Pacheco JT; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Lopes LM, Schultz R, Francisco RPV, Zugaib M.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Displasia Arritmog&#234;nica Ventricular Direita</kwd>
        <kwd>Feto / ecocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Cuidado Pr&#233;-Natal</kwd>
        <kwd>Gravidez</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A displasia arritmog&#234;nica do ventr&#237;culo direito (DAVD) &#233; um dist&#250;rbio do m&#250;sculo card&#237;aco que se caracteriza patologicamente pela substitui&#231;&#227;o fibr&#243;tica do mioc&#225;rdio ventricular direito (e &#224;s vezes esquerdo).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Em 30-90% dos casos, &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o heredit&#225;ria com uma forma de transmiss&#227;o autoss&#244;mica dominante.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> E com express&#227;o vari&#225;vel. Nesse artigo, discutimos um caso raro de DAVD fetal e seu dif&#237;cil diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;-natal, apenas confirmado na aut&#243;psia p&#243;s-natal.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Relato de caso</title>
        <p>Uma mulher saud&#225;vel de 33 anos (gravida 4, para 2) foi encaminhada ao nosso centro terci&#225;rio com 27 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s ecocardiograma fetal pr&#233;vio mostrando uma progress&#227;o inexplicada de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva mesmo ap&#243;s controle da taquiarritmia com digoxina associada &#224; amiodarona. A m&#227;e tinha sido atendida em outra cl&#237;nica particular desde 18 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o, quando foi feito o diagn&#243;stico de um cora&#231;&#227;o fetal estruturalmente normal, contra&#231;&#245;es atriais prematuras e taquicardia supraventricular com frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 180bpm, tratada inicialmente com digoxina.</p>
        <p>A paciente foi ent&#227;o encaminhada &#224; nossa unidade, e o ecocardiograma fetal realizado com 27 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o mostrou ritmo sinusal com contra&#231;&#245;es ventriculares prematuras, evid&#234;ncia de dilata&#231;&#227;o global de todas as c&#226;maras com fra&#231;&#227;o de encurtamento do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo no limite inferior (28%, normal &gt;28%) e um ventr&#237;culo direito funcionalmente acin&#233;tico (8%, normal&gt; 28%). A presen&#231;a de baixa velocidade de regurgita&#231;&#227;o tric&#250;spide de 0,80 m/s e um fluxo reverso ao n&#237;vel do ducto arterioso com insufici&#234;ncia pulmonar sugeriu uma press&#227;o sist&#243;lica ventricular direita um pouco menor (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>). Identificamos hidropsia fetal com ascite, derrame pleural, derrame peric&#225;rdico e edema cut&#226;neo. Os &#237;ndices de Doppler umbilical e o padr&#227;o de fluxo do ducto venoso estavam dentro dos limites normais, mas houve pulsa&#231;&#245;es venosas umbilicais anormais. A pontua&#231;&#227;o no score cardiovascular foi seis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca se agravou nos dias subsequentes e, com 28 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o, a paciente foi hospitalizada para investigar outras poss&#237;veis causas de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca fetal, como infec&#231;&#245;es, s&#237;ndromes e transtornos gen&#233;ticos.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Ecocardiografia fetal e caracter&#237;sticas anat&#244;micas observadas na aut&#243;psia. (A) Imagem de quatro c&#226;maras com 36 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o mostrando aumento card&#237;aco e dilata&#231;&#227;o do &#225;trio esquerdo. (B) Imagem triarterial mostrando fluxo reverso (reversal flow) ao n&#237;vel do canal arterial (seta). C) Cora&#231;&#227;o e pulm&#245;es com ventr&#237;culo direito p&#225;lido e aumentado. (D) Parede ventricular direita fina e quase desprovida de fibras musculares. E) Colora&#231;&#227;o de hematoxilina-eosina demonstrando aus&#234;ncia de fibras mioc&#225;rdicas e substitui&#231;&#227;o por tecido fibroadiposo da parede livre anterior do ventr&#237;culo direito. AD: &#225;trio direito; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; P: pulm&#245;es.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-110-02-0201-80022-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>O hist&#243;rico cl&#237;nico familiar da paciente era normal, e n&#227;o havia sinais cl&#237;nicos ou sorol&#243;gicos de infec&#231;&#227;o. Essa paciente havia apresentado, em sua primeira gravidez, morte fetal com 20 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o, e em sua segunda gravidez ocorreu um aborto espont&#226;neo. No mesmo ano, sua terceira gravidez evoluiu para disfun&#231;&#227;o biventricular, hidropsia fetal e taquiarritmia intermitente, novamente interpretada por outra equipe como supraventricular. Foi tentado digoxina transplacent&#225;ria na 25&#170; semana de gesta&#231;&#227;o, a qual n&#227;o evitou a progress&#227;o da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Com 29 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o, o feto nasceu atrav&#233;s de cesariana e viveu por 14 horas. A aut&#243;psia fetal n&#227;o foi realizada</p>
        <p>Considerando as perdas fetais anteriores, as semelhan&#231;as do hist&#243;rico cl&#237;nico da atual gravidez com a terceira gravidez em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s arritmias e o achado importante de acinesia ventricular direita no ecocardiograma fetal atual, suspeitou-se de uma condi&#231;&#227;o heredit&#225;ria e o diagn&#243;stico de displasia arritmog&#234;nica do ventr&#237;culo direito foi considerado. Com 29 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o, observou-se diminui&#231;&#227;o do movimento fetal no exame ultrassonogr&#225;fico e uma cesariana foi indicada. O parto de um feto masculino natimorto de 1790 g foi realizado e o exame histol&#243;gico revelou ascite moderada e derrame pleural. As c&#226;maras card&#237;acas estavam muito dilatadas, as paredes do ventr&#237;culo direito eram muito p&#225;lidas e finas, o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo tinha um aneurisma no &#225;pice e o ventr&#237;culo direito apresentava tecido fibroso e aglomerados de adip&#243;citos intercalados com fibras mioc&#225;rdicas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Marcus et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> descreveram uma entidade denominada displasia arritmog&#234;nica do ventr&#237;culo direito, baseada em Fontaine (1979), caracterizada por defici&#234;ncia localizada ou substitui&#231;&#227;o de tecido fibroadiposo do mioc&#225;rdio ventricular direito, no chamado "tri&#226;ngulo da displasia" (fluxo de entrada, sa&#237;da e regi&#245;es apicais do ventr&#237;culo direito), resultando em altera&#231;&#245;es funcionais e morfol&#243;gicas que proporcionam um substrato para arritmias e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> diferente da doen&#231;a de Uhl, caracterizada por uma parede do ventr&#237;culo direito t&#227;o fina quanto papel e quase desprovida de fibras musculares, embora nos &#250;ltimos anos tenha havido confus&#227;o entre os dois termos. Al&#233;m disso, a arritmia &#233; mais frequente na DAVD, que normalmente tem uma origem ventricular direita, variando de frequentes contra&#231;&#245;es ventriculares prematuras (CVPs) &#224; taquicardia ventricular<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> (TV). Embora nossa paciente tivesse algumas das caracter&#237;sticas cardinais de DAVD<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> (dilata&#231;&#227;o/disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD e arritmia), o diagn&#243;stico s&#243; foi confirmado ap&#243;s os achados histol&#243;gicos, uma vez que a apresenta&#231;&#227;o fetal dessa doen&#231;a &#233; rara e a literatura que compreende esse escopo &#233; escassa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Dado que as arritmias ventriculares s&#227;o muito mais frequentes na DAVD, o diagn&#243;stico de taquicardia supraventricular na terceira e atual gravidez antes do encaminhamento para a nossa unidade foi provavelmente err&#244;neo, com consequente tratamento medicamentoso (digoxina) n&#227;o ideal. Apesar da droga escolhida, parece que nesse caso a evolu&#231;&#227;o para insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e morte n&#227;o poderia ser evitada, mas devemos ter muito cuidado na an&#225;lise do ritmo fetal, porque um diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;-natal correto &#233; crucial para a sele&#231;&#227;o de medicamentos corretos para fetos que necessitem de tratamento antiarr&#237;tmico, melhorando as chances de sobreviv&#234;ncia. Esse artigo n&#227;o apenas nos ensina a import&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular ecocardiogr&#225;fica, especialmente no caso de arritmia ventricular, mas tamb&#233;m enfatiza a DAVD como um poss&#237;vel diagn&#243;stico no feto no in&#237;cio da gesta&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
