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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">mVCHqbXWh6pcpxWp9R5Xbrx</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2018000100095</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170186</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case 1/2018 - Preponderant Left Ventricular Restrictive Syndrome in a 28-Year-Old Woman</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dezen</surname>
            <given-names>Danielle Haddad Syllos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Hospital S&#237;rio-Liban&#234;s</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Edmar Atik,</bold> Private Office. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. Postal Code 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>110</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>95</fpage>
      <lpage>96</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Electroshock</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Dysfunction Left</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension, Pulmonary</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p><bold>Clinical data</bold>: Increase in size of the left atrium known since 8 years of age, when she was labeled as carrier of idiopathic left ventricular restrictive syndrome. Since then, there was a progressive increase of this cavity with the appearance of fatigue to the efforts and atrial fibrillation five months ago, reversed in the occasion with electric shock and amiodarone. Despite a high dose of this drug, 400 mg/day, heart rate remained elevated, around 100 bpm, having developed thyroid dysfunction with TSH elevation and hormone diminution. The arrhythmia reappeared two months later and led to new clinical research.</p>
    <p>Physical Exam: eupneic, acyanotic, normal pulses, HR = 96 bpm, BP = 100x70 mmHg.</p>
    <p>Venous impulses in the neck. In the precordium, there were no impulses, normal heart sounds, no audible murmurs. Third sound sometimes inconstant. Clean lungs. Abdomen unchanged.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>Additional tests</title>
      <p><bold>Chest X-ray</bold>: normal cardiac area with a clear increase of the left atrium in a double atrial contour and a more prominent pulmonary vascular weave in the upper fields (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Chest X-ray in AP emphasizes normal cardiac area with a clear increase of the left atrium size in a double contour in the lower right arch and slightly congested pulmonary vascular weave in the upper fields. The echocardiographic images highlight the left atrial enlargement in longitudinal and 4-chamber projection. Angiocardiograms below show right ventricular hypertrophy (A), left atrial emptying delay (B) compatible with left ventricular restrictive syndrome and this cavity with smooth and normal-sized internal borders (C).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-110-01-0095-70186-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Electrocardiogram:</bold> atrial flutter and right bundle branch conduction disorder with rr1 morphology in V1. AQRS = +70&#186; AT = + 110&#186;.</p>
      <p><bold>Echocardiogram:</bold> exclusive increase of the left atrium. Ao = 28, LA = 53, RV = 22, LV = 40, septum = 8, posterior wall = 10, LVEF = 68%, SPRV = 53 mmHg. Enlarged superior vena cava without ventricular dyskinesias (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p><bold>Magnetic nuclear resonance</bold>: no fibrosis in late enhancement.</p>
      <p><bold>Cardiac catheterization:</bold> showed signs of restriction to left ventricular filling with discrete pulmonary hypertension. LA = 12, RV = 35/10, PA = 35/20-28, Wedge = 20, LV = 80/5-18, Ao = 80/50-64, CO = 3.1 l/m, PVR = 2.58 W, SVR = 16.75 W Angiography clearly emphasized the left atrial emptying delay, right ventricular hypertrophy, and the left ventricular endocardial smooth wall (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p><bold>Endomyocardial biopsy of the RV septum</bold>: Five fragments of the right ventricle myocardium with elastic consistency and brownish, measuring 4x3x1 mm, showed moderate and diffuse hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes, moderate and focal interstitial myocardial fibrosis, absence of inflammatory infiltrate, absence of amyloid protein deposition by the Red Congo histochemical method, negative histochemical investigation of glycogen and neutral mucopolysaccharides, and acids by the periodic acid method of Schiff, with and without diastase.</p>
      <p><bold>Clinical diagnosis</bold>: idiopathic restrictive syndrome with isolated increase of the left atrium size with atrial flutter and pulmonary hypertension, in addition to hypothyroidism due to the use of high dose of amiodarone.</p>
      <p><bold>Clinical reasoning</bold>: In an initially asymptomatic patient with an even slight increase in the left atrium, without other commemorative ones, the diagnosis of restrictive left ventricle syndrome becomes imperative. The progressive increase of this cavity further accentuates this diagnosis, even more with the advent of pulmonary congestive symptoms expressed by dyspnea, physical fatigue and enlargement of the pulmonary vascular network, in addition to the appearance of atrial flutter. Restrictive syndromes are classified into myocardial, non-infiltrative idiopathic, infiltrative amyloidosis type, sarcoidosis, Gaucher and Huler disease; storage diseases such as hemochromatosis, Fabry disease and glycogen storage. We can also mention the endomyocardial ones with fibrosis, eosinophilic syndrome, the carcinoid, those by irradiation, of malignant tumors and by anthracycline toxicity.</p>
      <p><bold>Differential diagnosis</bold>: symptoms of fatigue, atrial size increase, pulmonary arterial hypertension and ventricular diastolic dysfunction, assure the diagnosis of restrictive syndrome. Therefore, the cause should immediately be sought from those exposed above, through diagnostic imaging, allied to cardiac biopsy. Treatment depends on the cause, corticosteroids on sarcoidosis, chelation on hemochromatosis.</p>
      <p><bold>Conduct</bold>: having found mild pulmonary arterial hypertension, there was an indication for the use of metoprolol 100 mg/day adrenergic beta-blocker in order to improve the ventricular filling and to decrease the heart rate after the obligatory suspension of amiodarone. Atrial flutter ablation was also indicated to improve ventricular filling and to prevent the left atrial enlargement. Routine clinical follow-up aims to preserve the current condition in order to postpone cardiac transplantation.</p>
      <p><bold>Comments</bold>: The main characteristic of the restrictive syndrome is diastolic filling difficulty, with normal ventricular volume and more rigid ventricular walls despite normal thickness, and also with preservation of systolic function. Therefore, it provokes proportional increase of the left atrium, congestion and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Therapeutic options are rare and ineffective and cardiac transplantation should be considered in advanced phases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Left atrial septum decompression by atriosseptostomy has been considered in order to reduce congestion and pulmonary hypertension, allowing to postpose the indication for transplantation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> It is the least common cardiomyopathy of all types. The genetic spectrum points to mutations in sarcomeric genes in half of the cases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Evolutionarily, sudden death occurs in 80%, heart failure in 15%, infective endocarditis in 5%, predominantly below 20 years of age.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Gallego-Delgado M, Delgado JF, Brossa-Loidi V, Palomo J, Marzoa-Rivas R, Perez-Villa F, et al Idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy is primary a genetic disease. J Am Coll Cardiol.2016;67(25):3021-3. Doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.04.024.</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Gallego-Delgado</surname>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Delgado</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brossa-Loidi</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Palomo</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Marzoa-Rivas</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Perez-Villa</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy is primary a genetic disease</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>67</volume>
          <issue>25</issue>
          <fpage>3021</fpage>
          <lpage>3023</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2016.04.024</pub-id>
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        <mixed-citation>2 Haas NA, Laser KT, Bach S, Kantzis M, Happel CM, Fischer M .Decompressive atrioseptostomy (DAS) for the treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to restrictive cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Jan 15;203:845-7. Doi:10.1016/j.sjcard.2015.11.059.</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Haas</surname>
              <given-names>NA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laser</surname>
              <given-names>KT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bach</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kantzis</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Happel</surname>
              <given-names>CM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fischer</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Decompressive atrioseptostomy (DAS) for the treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to restrictive cardiomyopathy</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <month>01</month>
          <day>15</day>
          <volume>203</volume>
          <fpage>845</fpage>
          <lpage>847</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.sjcard.2015.11.059</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 1/2018 - S&#237;ndrome Restritiva, Preponderante de Ventr&#237;culo Esquerdo, em Mulher de 28 Anos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dezen</surname>
            <given-names>Danielle Haddad Syllos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik,</bold> Consult&#243;rio privado. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. CEP 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Restritiva</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrochoque</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Esquerda</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos</bold>: Aumento do &#225;trio esquerdo conhecido desde os 8 anos de idade quando foi rotulada como portadora de s&#237;ndrome restritiva idiop&#225;tica de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. Desde ent&#227;o houve aumento progressivo dessa cavidade com o aparecimento de cansa&#231;o aos esfor&#231;os e fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial h&#225; 5 meses, revertidos na ocasi&#227;o com choque el&#233;trico e amiodarona. Apesar de dose elevada desta droga, 400 mg/dia, a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca manteve-se elevada em torno de 100 bpm, tendo desenvolvido disfun&#231;&#227;o tiroidiana com eleva&#231;&#227;o do TSH e diminui&#231;&#227;o hormonal. A arritmia reapareceu 2 meses ap&#243;s e motivou nova investiga&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica.</p>
      <p>Exame F&#237;sico: eupneica, acian&#243;tica, pulsos normais, FC = 96 bpm, PA = 100x70 mmHg.</p>
      <p>Impuls&#245;es venosas no pesco&#231;o. No prec&#243;rdio n&#227;o h&#225; impuls&#245;es, bulhas card&#237;acas normais, sem sopros aud&#237;veis. Terceira bulha inconstante por vezes. Pulm&#245;es limpos. Abdome sem altera&#231;&#245;es.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Exames complementares</title>
        <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax:</bold> &#225;rea card&#237;aca normal com n&#237;tido aumento do &#225;trio esquerdo em duplo contorno atrial e trama vascular pulmonar mais saliente nos campos superiores (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Radiografia de t&#243;rax em PA salienta &#225;rea card&#237;aca normal com n&#237;tido aumento do &#225;trio esquerdo em duplo contorno no arco inferior direito e trama vascular pulmonar ligeiramente congesta nos campos superiores. As imagens ecocardiogr&#225;ficas salientam o aumento atrial esquerdo em proje&#231;&#227;o longitudinal e de 4 c&#226;maras. Angiocardiografias mostram a hipertrofia do ventr&#237;culo direito (A), o retardo de esvaziamento atrial esquerdo (B) compat&#237;vel com a s&#237;ndrome restritiva do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e esta cavidade com bordas internas lisas e de tamanho normal (C).</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-110-01-0095-70186-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma:</bold><italic>flutter</italic> atrial e dist&#250;rbio de condu&#231;&#227;o pelo ramo direito com morfologia rr&#180; em V1. AQRS = +70&#186; AT = +110&#186;</p>
        <p><bold>Ecocardiograma:</bold> aumento exclusivo do &#225;trio esquerdo. Ao = 28, AE = 53, VD = 22, VE = 40, Septo = 8, parede posterior = 10, FEVE = 68%, PSVD = 53 mmHg. Veia cava superior dilatada e sem discinesias ventriculares (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p><bold>Resson&#226;ncia nuclear magn&#233;tica:</bold> sem fibrose no realce tardio.</p>
        <p><bold>Cateterismo card&#237;aco:</bold> revelou sinais de restri&#231;&#227;o ao enchimento ventricular esquerdo com hipertens&#227;o pulmonar discreta. AD = 12, VD=35/10, AP = 35/20-28, CP = 20, VE = 80/5-18, Ao = 80/50-64. DC = 3,1 l/min, RVP = 2,58 W, RVS = 16,75 W. A angiografia salientou claramente o retardo de esvaziamento atrial esquerdo, a hipertrofia do ventr&#237;culo direito e a parede lisa do endoc&#225;rdio de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p><bold>Bi&#243;psia endomioc&#225;rdica do septo de VD:</bold> Cinco fragmentos de mioc&#225;rdio do ventr&#237;culo direito de consist&#234;ncia el&#225;stica e acastanhados, medindo 4x3x1 mm mostraram hipertrofia discreta e difusa em cardiomi&#243;citos e fibrose mioc&#225;rdica intersticial moderada e focal, aus&#234;ncia de infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio, aus&#234;ncia de deposi&#231;&#227;o de prote&#237;na amiloide pelo m&#233;todo histoqu&#237;mico de Vermelho Congo, pesquisa histoqu&#237;mica negativa de glicog&#234;nio e de mucopolissacar&#237;deos neutros e de &#225;cidos pelo m&#233;todo de &#225;cido peri&#243;dico de <italic>Schiff</italic>, com e sem di&#225;stase.</p>
        <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico Cl&#237;nico:</bold> s&#237;ndrome restritiva idiop&#225;tica com aumento isolado do &#225;trio esquerdo com <italic>flutter</italic> atrial e hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, al&#233;m de hipotireoidismo pelo uso da amiodarona em dose alta.</p>
        <p><bold>Racioc&#237;nio Cl&#237;nico:</bold> em paciente inicialmente assintom&#225;tico com aumento mesmo discreto do &#225;trio esquerdo, sem outros comemorativos, torna-se imperioso o diagn&#243;stico de s&#237;ndrome restritiva do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. O aumento progressivo desta cavidade acentua mais ainda esse diagn&#243;stico, ainda mais com o advento de sintomas congestivos pulmonares expressos pela dispneia, cansa&#231;o f&#237;sico e aumento da trama vascular pulmonar, al&#233;m do aparecimento do <italic>flutter</italic> atrial. As s&#237;ndromes restritivas s&#227;o classificadas em mioc&#225;rdicas, n&#227;o infiltrativas idiop&#225;ticas, as infiltrativas tipo amiloidose, sarcoidose, doen&#231;a de Gaucher e de Huler; doen&#231;as de armazenamento tipo hemocromatose, doen&#231;a de Fabry e armazenamento de glicog&#234;nio. Citam-se ainda as endomioc&#225;rdicas com fibrose, s&#237;ndrome eosinof&#237;lica, o carcinoide, as por irradia&#231;&#227;o, de tumores malignos e por toxicidade por antraciclina.</p>
        <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</bold> sintomas de cansa&#231;o, aumento atrial, hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar e disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica ventricular, asseveram o diagn&#243;stico da s&#237;ndrome restritiva. Por isso, a causa da mesma deve imediatamente ser procurada dentre as expostas acima, atrav&#233;s os exames diagn&#243;sticos de imagem, aliados a bi&#243;psia card&#237;aca. O tratamento depende da causa, corticosteroides na sarcoidose, quela&#231;&#227;o na hemocromatose.</p>
        <p><bold>Conduta:</bold> Em face de discreta hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar houve indica&#231;&#227;o para o uso de betabloqueador adren&#233;rgico tipo metoprolol-100 mg/dia, afim de melhorar o enchimento ventricular e diminuir a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, ap&#243;s a suspens&#227;o obrigat&#243;ria da amiodarona. Preconizou-se a abla&#231;&#227;o do <italic>flutter</italic> atrial afim tamb&#233;m de melhorar o enchimento ventricular e impedir o maior aumento atrial esquerdo. Acompanhamento cl&#237;nico rotineiro visa a preserva&#231;&#227;o da condi&#231;&#227;o atual no sentido de postergar a realiza&#231;&#227;o do transplante card&#237;aco.</p>
        <p><bold>Coment&#225;rios:</bold> A principal caracter&#237;stica da s&#237;ndrome restritiva &#233; a da dificuldade de enchimento diast&#243;lico, com volume ventricular normal e com paredes ventriculares mais r&#237;gidas, apesar da espessura normal e com preserva&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica. Ocasiona da&#237; aumento proporcional do &#225;trio esquerdo, congest&#227;o e hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar. As op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas s&#227;o raras e pouco efetivas e da&#237; que o transplante card&#237;aco deve ser considerado nas fases mais avan&#231;adas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Descompress&#227;o atrial esquerda por atriosseptostomia tem sido considerada afim de diminuir a congest&#227;o e a hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, possibilitando da&#237; at&#233; a indica&#231;&#227;o mais tardia do transplante card&#237;aco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Constitui-se na cardiomiopatia menos frequente de todos os tipos. Espectro gen&#233;tico aponta para muta&#231;&#245;es em genes sarcom&#233;ricos na metade dos casos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Evolutivamente, a morte s&#250;bita ocorre em 80%, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca em 15%, endocardite infecciosa em 5%, de maneira preponderante abaixo de 20 anos de idade.</p>
      </sec>
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