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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="letter" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.6" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">nfyL37wJxmXt6WkjQXJsLTD</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2017001500620</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170154</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiac Autonomic Functions May be Influenced by Body Weight</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gulgun</surname>
            <given-names>Mustafa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Gulhane Training and Research Hospital</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Pediatric Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Ankara</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Gulhane Training and Research Hospital - Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ankara - Turkey</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing address: Mustafa Gulgun</bold>, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital - Department of Pediatric Cardiology - General Tevfik Saglam Caddesi, 06018, Etlik, Ankara -Turkey. E-mail: <email>mustafagulgun@yahoo.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>109</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>620</fpage>
      <lpage>621</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Rate</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1</kwd>
        <kwd>Young Adult</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Adolescents</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>To the Editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>I read the paper by Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> entitled &#8216;&#8216;Sensitivity, Specificity and Predictive Value of Heart Rate Variability Indices in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus&#8217;&#8217; published in Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia in March 2017. They aimed to compare Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices and evaluate their sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value in young type 1 diabetic patients and healthy volunteers. It was showed a decrease in sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, as well as overall variability of autonomic nervous system in the diabetic group. I would like to congratulate Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> for their valuable effort in this study. I also have a few comments to do.</p>
    <p>The indices of HRV give us valuable numeric data about cardiac autonomic nerve system by processing RR interval variability beat-to-beat. A decrease in HRV implying an impaired autonomic cardiac function is one of the independent risk factors related to sudden cardiac death<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>. Several variables such as age, sex, obesity, drugs, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, might have effect on HRV indices<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>.</p>
    <p>Body mass index is one of the most important influential factors on HRV indices<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>. Recently, a research reported decreased HRV because of inflammatory processes in the obese population<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>. In the study by Silva et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> it is clearly seen that there is a statistically significant difference between the healthy group and the diabetic group in terms of body mass index. In addition, the blood lipid levels of the study population are not available in the study by Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>. In my opinion, the results of the study by Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> might be more powerful if influential factors such as body mass index, blood lipid levels would have been considered. It would be more acceptable to make a comparison between the groups in which there was no statistically significant difference in terms of various influential factors such as body mass index. Thus, we could understand clearly the exact role of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the heart rate variability, which has prognostic importance in the sudden cardiac death.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reply</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Anne Kastelianne Fran&#231;a da</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Christofaro</surname>
            <given-names>Diego Giuliano Destro</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bernardo</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Fernanda Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vanderlei</surname>
            <given-names>Franciele Marques</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vanderlei</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos Marques</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Initially we thank you for your interest in our article<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">1</xref> and the comments related to it. In fact, as pointed out, obesity exerts an important influence on autonomic cardiac modulation. Several studies published by our group, using heart rate variability (HRV) as a form of analysis, pointed out alterations in autonomic modulation in children<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">4</xref> and young obese.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">5</xref> These studies demonstrate a reduction of parasympathetic, sympathetic and global activity, as well as a reduction in fractal correlation properties of heart rate<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">3</xref> in these individuals.</p>
      <p>In this context, we understand the concern raised regarding the inclusion of individuals with high body mass index in the data set evaluated and we agree that this is an aspect that should be taken into account in the HRV analyzes. As can be seen in table 2 of the article,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">1</xref> the data referring to HRV indices analyzes were adjusted for both body mass index and casual blood glucose. In this way, we can affirm that although there were significant differences for the body mass index and random blood glycemia between the groups, these did not influence the results obtained in our article.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>It is also important to note that of the 82 individuals evaluated, only six had a high body mass index (&gt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and although the body mass index had a statistically significant difference between the groups, the mean values were within the normality range and below those considered for both obesity and overweight.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Regarding lipid measurements, unfortunately these data were not evaluated in our study, so it would not be appropriate to make any comments about it. We hope to have clarified the aspects raised and encourage further studies with this population addressing the limiting factors of our study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sincerely,</bold>
      </p>
      <sig-block>
        <sig> Anne Kastelianne Fran&#231;a da Silva <break/> Diego Giuliano Destro Christofaro <break/> Aline Fernanda Barbosa Bernardo <break/> Franciele Marques Vanderlei <break/> Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei </sig>
      </sig-block>
    </body>
    <back>
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        <title>References</title>
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          <label>1</label>
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  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s2" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>As Fun&#231;&#245;es Auton&#244;micas Card&#237;acas podem estar Influenciadas pelo Peso Corporal</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gulgun</surname>
            <given-names>Mustafa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Gulhane Training and Research Hospital - Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ankara - Turkey</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Mustafa Gulgun</bold>, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital - Department of Pediatric Cardiology - General Tevfik Saglam Caddesi, 06018, Etlik, Ankara -Turkey. E-mail: <email>mustafagulgun@yahoo.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Frequ&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1</kwd>
        <kwd>Adulto Jovem</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Adolescente</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>Ao Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Li o artigo de Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> intitulado "Sensibilidade, Especificidade e Valor Preditivo dos &#205;ndices de Variabilidade da Frequ&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca no Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1" publicado nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia em mar&#231;o de 2017. O objetivo foi comparar os &#237;ndices de variabilidade da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (VFC) e avaliar sua sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo em pacientes jovens diab&#233;ticos tipo 1 e volunt&#225;rios saud&#225;veis. Demostrou-se uma diminui&#231;&#227;o nas atividades simp&#225;ticas e parassimp&#225;ticas, assim como variabilidade global do sistema nervoso aut&#244;nomo no grupo de diab&#233;ticos. Desejo parabenizar Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> pelo seu valioso esfor&#231;o neste estudo. Tamb&#233;m tenho alguns coment&#225;rios a fazer.</p>
      <p>Os &#237;ndices da VFC nos proporcionam dados num&#233;ricos valiosos sobre o sistema nervoso aut&#244;nomo card&#237;aco processando a variabilidade do intervalo RR batimento a batimento. Uma diminui&#231;&#227;o da VFC implicando fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca auton&#244;mica alterada &#233; um dos fatores de risco independentes relacionados &#224; morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Algumas vari&#225;veis como: idade, sexo, obesidade, f&#225;rmacos, cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica, hipertens&#227;o, hiperlipidemia e a resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina, poderiam ter efeito sobre os &#237;ndices da VFC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>O &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#233; um dos fatores mais importantes que influenciam nos &#237;ndices da VFC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Recentemente, uma pesquisa apontou diminui&#231;&#227;o da VFC na popula&#231;&#227;o de obesos devido a processos inflamat&#243;rios.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> No estudo de Silva et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> se observa claramente que existe uma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significante entre o grupo saud&#225;vel e o grupo diab&#233;tico em termos de &#237;ndice de massa corporal. Ademais, os n&#237;veis de lip&#237;dios no sangue da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada n&#227;o est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis no estudo de Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Na minha opini&#227;o, os resultados do estudo de Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> poderiam ser mais poderosos se tivessem considerado fatores influentes como o &#237;ndice de massa corporal e os n&#237;veis de lip&#237;dios em sangue. Seria mais aceit&#225;vel fazer uma compara&#231;&#227;o entre os grupos nos quais n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significantes em termos de v&#225;rios fatores influentes como o &#237;ndice de massa corporal. Assim, poder&#237;amos entender claramente o papel exato da diabetes mellitus tipo 1 na variabilidade do ritmo card&#237;aco, o qual tem import&#226;ncia progn&#243;stica na morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca</p>
    </body>
    <sub-article article-type="reply" id="s3" xml:lang="pt">
      <front-stub>
        <title-group>
          <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
        </title-group>
        <contrib-group>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>Anne Kastelianne Fran&#231;a da</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Christofaro</surname>
              <given-names>Diego Giuliano Destro</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bernardo</surname>
              <given-names>Aline Fernanda Barbosa</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Vanderlei</surname>
              <given-names>Franciele Marques</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Vanderlei</surname>
              <given-names>Luiz Carlos Marques</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
        </contrib-group>
      </front-stub>
      <body>
        <p>Inicialmente agradecemos seu interesse no nosso artigo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">1</xref> e os coment&#225;rios relacionados ao mesmo. De fato, como bem apontado, a obesidade exerce uma influ&#234;ncia importante sobre a modula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca auton&#244;mica. V&#225;rios estudos publicados pelo nosso grupo, utilizando a variabilidade da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (VFC) como forma de an&#225;lise, apontaram altera&#231;&#245;es na modula&#231;&#227;o auton&#244;mica em crian&#231;as<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">4</xref> e jovens obesos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">5</xref> Estes estudos demonstram uma redu&#231;&#227;o da atividade parassimp&#225;tica, simp&#225;tica e global, assim como uma redu&#231;&#227;o nas propriedades de correla&#231;&#227;o fractal da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">3</xref> nestes indiv&#237;duos. Neste contexto, entendemos a preocupa&#231;&#227;o levantada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; inclus&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos com alto &#237;ndice de massa corporal no conjunto de dados avaliados e concordamos que esse &#233; um aspecto que deve ser levado em considera&#231;&#227;o nas an&#225;lises de VFC. Como pode ver-se na tabela 2 do artigo,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">1</xref> os dados referentes &#224;s an&#225;lises dos &#237;ndices de VFC foram ajustados tanto para o &#237;ndice de massa corporal quanto para glicemia casual. Desta maneira, podemos afirmar que apesar de existirem diferen&#231;as significativas para o &#237;ndice de massa corporal e glicemia casual entre os grupos, estes n&#227;o influenciaram nos resultados obtidos no nosso artigo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">1</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Tamb&#233;m &#233; importante salientar que dos 82 indiv&#237;duos avaliados, apenas seis apresentaram um &#237;ndice de massa corporal alto (&gt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) e apesar do &#237;ndice de massa corporal apresentar diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, os valores m&#233;dios estavam dentro da normalidade e est&#227;o abaixo dos considerados tanto para obesidade quanto para sobrepeso.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s medi&#231;&#245;es lip&#237;dicas, lamentavelmente estes dados n&#227;o foram avaliados em nosso estudo, portanto n&#227;o seria apropriado fazermos qualquer coment&#225;rio sobre o mesmo. Esperamos ter esclarecido os aspectos mencionados e encorajamos estudos adicionais com esta popula&#231;&#227;o abordando os fatores limitantes do nosso estudo.</p>
        <p>
          <bold>Cordialmente,</bold>
        </p>
        <sig-block>
          <sig> Anne Kastelianne Fran&#231;a da Silva <break/> Diego Giuliano Destro Christofaro <break/> Aline Fernanda Barbosa Bernardo <break/> Franciele Marques Vanderlei <break/> Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei </sig>
        </sig-block>
      </body>
    </sub-article>
  </sub-article>
</article>
