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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">SnGvpDgVN6qZ3JtNqYmQVTc</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2017001500569</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170171</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2017005022103</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
          <subj-group>
            <subject>Resynchronization</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Predictors of Total Mortality and Echocardiographic Response for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Cohort Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gazzoni</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fraga</surname>
            <given-names>Matheus Bom</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferrari</surname>
            <given-names>Andres Di Leoni</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Soliz</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo da Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Borges</surname>
            <given-names>Anibal Pires</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bartholomay</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kalil</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Antonio Abunader</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Giaretta</surname>
            <given-names>Vanessa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rohde</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Eduardo Paim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas da Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares da Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Guilherme Ferreira Gazzoni,</bold> Rua Jos&#233; Albano Volkmer, 340 apto 512. Postal Code 90520-020, Boa Vista, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil. E-mail: <email>ggazzoni@cardiol.br</email>, <email>gazzoni3@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Gazzoni GF, Fraga MB, Ferrari ADL, Soliz PC, Bartholomay E, Kalil CAA, Rohde LEP; Acquisition of data: Gazzoni GF, Fraga MB, Soliz PC, Borges AP, Rohde LEP; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Gazzoni GF, Fraga MB, Soliz PC, Borges AP, Bartholomay E, Kalil CAA, Giaretta V, Rohde LEP; Statistical analysis: Gazzoni GF, Fraga MB, Ferrari ADL, Bartholomay E, Kalil CAA, Giaretta V, Rohde LEP; Obtaining financing: Gazzoni GF; Writing of the manuscript: Gazzoni GF, Rohde LEP; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Gazzoni GF, Ferrari ADL, Soliz PC, Borges AP, Bartholomay E, Kalil CAA, Rohde LEP.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>109</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>569</fpage>
      <lpage>578</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Clinical studies demonstrate that up to 40% of patients do not respond to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), thus, appropriate patient selection is critical to the success of CRT in heart failure.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>Evaluation of mortality predictors and response to CRT in the Brazilian scenario.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Retrospective cohort study including patients submitted to CRT in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil from 2008 to 2014. Survival was assessed through a database of the State Department of Health (RS). Predictors of echocardiographic response were evaluated using Poisson regression. Survival analysis was performed by Cox regression and Kaplan Meyer curves. A two-tailed p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>A total of 170 patients with an average follow-up of 1011 &#177; 632 days were included. The total mortality was 30%. The independent predictors of mortality were age (hazard ratio [HR] of 1.05, p = 0.027), previous acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (HR of 2.17, p = 0.049) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (HR of 3.13, p = 0.015). The percentage of biventricular stimulation at 6 months was identified as protective factor of mortality ([HR] 0.97, p = 0.048). The independent predictors associated with the echocardiographic response were absence of mitral insufficiency, presence of left bundle branch block and percentage of biventricular stimulation.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>Mortality in patients submitted to CRT in a tertiary hospital was independently associated with age, presence of COPD and previous AMI. The percentage of biventricular pacing evaluated 6 months after resynchronizer implantation was independently associated with improved survival and echocardiographic response.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure / mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke Volume</kwd>
        <kwd>Bundle-Branch Block</kwd>
        <kwd>Cohort Studies</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has the potential to improve morbidity, mortality, and reverse remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) refractory to drug therapy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Over the past few years, based on benefits presented in large clinical trials.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> CRT is being widely used in patients with CHF, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and presenting prolonged QRS, mainly In the presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) pattern. In Brazil, there is documentation of an acceptable cost-effectiveness ratio for the use of CRTs in the public system scenario.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> However, in addition to the high cost to the health system, approximately 30%-40% of the cases selected for treatment do not benefit from CRT, according to data from large resynchronization studies. For this reason, redoubled efforts should be made in the selection, implantation and follow-up of patients potentially candidates for CRT. The appropriate selection or exclusion of patients with few benefits of therapy is a desired strategy to achieve a higher success rate in CRT.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> The evaluation of the responding patients can help in the selection of those who will undergo CRT, making the procedure more cost-effective and avoiding potential adverse events in patients who will not benefit from this therapy.</p>
      <p>The main objective of the present study is the evaluation of total mortality and predictors of echocardiographic response to CRT. As secondary objectives, we aimed to evaluate the outcome of total mortality and hospitalization for CHF, survival and functional class of patients after CRT.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Logistics, Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria</title>
        <p>This retrospective cohort study included patients with CHF undergoing CRT alone or associated with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). All patients submitted to the implantation of a multisite cardiac pacemaker (cardiac resynchronizer) by the single health system (SUS), at the Cardiology Department of the S&#227;o Lucas Hospital of PUC-RS, between 2008 and 2014, were included. Hospital records by checking the list of procedures that included CRT. Patients younger than 18 years of age were excluded from the present protocol, who had only isolated generator exchange or were erroneously allocated on the records (e.g. patients submitted to ICD isolated implantation). Those patients who may have presented technical problems with the pacemaker generator or electrodes were not excluded. The selection of patients was based on 191 patients with CHF and optimized medical therapy (OMT) that were included in the Registry of CRT Implants in the HSL-PUCRS (SUS 2008-2014). After reviewing the medical records, 21 patients were excluded from the CRT registry: 13 patients had undergone a generator change, 4 patients were under 18 years of age, 2 patients had no access to their data, 1 patient was enrolled twice in the registry and 1 patient had been submitted to the implanted ICD isolated.</p>
        <p>The study population consists of patients with severe ventricular dysfunction with optimized medical therapy. After completing the inclusion criteria, the patients' data were collected at the Heart Stimulation - Pacemaker outpatient clinic of this institution. The investigator in charge completed a systematized evaluation protocol based on the medical records of these patients until the last outpatient visit. All patients submitted to CRT are followed up at the cardiac stimulation outpatient clinic to evaluate the multisite pacemaker. The first evaluation occurs 30 days after the implant and after every 6 months (or earlier if necessary due to clinical intercurrences). Patients without recent clinical follow-up (last 6 months) were invited to perform a pacemaker review or interviewed by telephone. Mortality data were measured in the database of Death Records of the State Health Department of RS, through the Mortality Information Center (NIS-RS). The follow up of the patients was until 09/22/2015, the final date of the evaluation of the deaths in the Department of Health. A spreadsheet with the data of all the patients participating in the study was cross-referenced with the NIS-RS death chart up to the date established above. In addition, there was an attempt to make a telephone contact with the study participants.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical outcomes</title>
        <p>The main outcomes evaluated were total mortality in the medium term and the echocardiographic response to CRT. The secondary endpoint was the composite of mortality or hospitalization for CHF. The definition of echocardiographic response was considered as an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &#8805; 5% or reduction in final left ventricular systolic volume (LVBSV) &#8805; 15%. The definition of response was based on criteria described in previous studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Quantitative variables were described as mean and standard deviation, except for the follow-up time, which was presented in median and interquartile range. Qualitative variables were described as absolute and percentage frequency. The distribution of the quantitative variables was evaluated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. In the bivariate analysis, unpaired t-test for quantitative variables and chi-square test for qualitative variables were performed. Fisher's exact test was used when appropriate for qualitative variables.</p>
        <p>To evaluate the predictors of echocardiographic response, univariate and multivariate analyzes of Poisson regression with robust variances (binary outcome) were used. Survival analysis was performed by Cox regression and Kaplan Meyer curves. The input criterion for the variable in the multivariate model was that it had a p-value of less than 0.20 in the univariate analysis. Initial sample size of 110 patients was calculated in the WinPEPI program (version 11.43) with the objective of identifying a risk of 2.2 for the ischemic etiology, considering a level of significance of 5%, 80% power and estimated mortality rate of 25%, Based on CARE-HF 10 sub-study data.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> The other statistical analyzes were performed in the SPSS version 20.0 program. A two-tailed p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Ethical aspects</title>
        <p>This study consists of a retrospective cohort with the use of patient data, without the identification of included patient data. In this way, the data utilization term was filled out by the researcher responsible. When it was necessary to perform an interview or clinical evaluation with the patient, a free and informed consent form was applied. This research project was approved by the ethics and research committee of Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul (CEP-PUCRS, CAAE: 46267815.3.0000.5336).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Patients</title>
        <p>We included 170 patients who underwent CRT "again" from 2008 to 2014. The mean follow-up time was 1,011 &#177; 632 days (median 901 days, interquartile range 489-1473). There were 51 deaths in this period, corresponding to a total mortality rate of 30%. The cardiovascular mortality rate in the period was 15.3%, which corresponds to approximately half of the total mortality. The characteristics of the patients, stratified by mortality and echocardiographic response are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tables 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">2</xref>, respectively.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Characteristics of the population submitted to CRT stratified by survival</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">All patients (n = 170)</th>
                <th align="center">Alive (n = 119)</th>
                <th align="center">Dead (n = 51)</th>
                <th align="center">p value</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade. Anos Age, years</td>
                <td align="center">63.5 &#177; 12</td>
                <td align="center">61.4 &#177; 11.7</td>
                <td align="center">68.3 &#177; 11.4</td>
                <td align="center">p &lt; 0.001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Gender (Male)</td>
                <td align="center">115(67.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">79(66.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">36(70.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.72<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Device type (ICD-CRT)</td>
                <td align="center">137(80.6%) </td>
                <td align="center">99(83.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">38(74.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.21<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Etiology CFH (Non-Ischemic)</td>
                <td align="center">89(56.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">67(60.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">22(47.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.16<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>NYHA Class</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>p = 0.35<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I</td>
                <td align="center">1 (0.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">1(0.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">0(0%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">II</td>
                <td align="center">23 (15.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">17(15.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">6(14%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">III</td>
                <td align="center">98 (64.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">73(67.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">25(58.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IV</td>
                <td align="center">29 (19.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">17(15.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">12(27.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SAH</td>
                <td align="center">131 (79.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">90(78.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">41(31.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.83<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DM</td>
                <td align="center">53 (32.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">36(31.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">17(34%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.86<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Prior MI</td>
                <td align="center">57 (36.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">34(30.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">23(47.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.048<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">COPD</td>
                <td align="center">17 (10.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">9(7.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">8(16%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.16<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IRC</td>
                <td align="center">40 (24.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">24(21.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">16(32%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.17<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Atrial Fibrillation</td>
                <td align="center">52(31.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">29(25.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">23(46%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.01<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Medications</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACE</td>
                <td align="center">97(60.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">70(62.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">27(55.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.39<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ARA II</td>
                <td align="center">34(21.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">26(23.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">8(16.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.40<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Beta blocker</td>
                <td align="center">140(87%)</td>
                <td align="center">98(87.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">42(85.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.80<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Spironolactone</td>
                <td align="center">105(65.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">76(67.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">29(59.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.36<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Electrocardiogram</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">QRS</td>
                <td align="center">157.6 &#177; 28.6</td>
                <td align="center">156.7 &#177; 28.5</td>
                <td align="center">159.7 &#177; 29</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.58<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LBBB</td>
                <td align="center">102(61.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">76(66.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">26(52%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.12<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">RBBB</td>
                <td align="center">10(6.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">3(2.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">7(14%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.009<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">c</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IBB</td>
                <td align="center">10(6.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">4(3.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">6(12%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.069<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">c</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">QRS &#8805;150ms</td>
                <td align="center">90(54.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">64(56.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">26(52%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.73<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Rhythm</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>p = 0.16<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sinus</td>
                <td align="center">111(67.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">82(71.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">29(56.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pacemaker</td>
                <td align="center">24(14.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">14(12.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">10(19.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Atrial fibrillation</td>
                <td align="center">30(18.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">18(15.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">12(23.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Echocardiogram</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EF</td>
                <td align="center">26.8 &#177; 7</td>
                <td align="center">27.8 &#177; 6.5</td>
                <td align="center">24.6 &#177; 7.5</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.01<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LA</td>
                <td align="center">4.8 &#177; 0.7</td>
                <td align="center">4.6 &#177; 0.7</td>
                <td align="center">5.2 &#177; 0.7</td>
                <td align="center">p &#8804; 0.001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PSAP</td>
                <td align="center">44 &#177; 16.5</td>
                <td align="center">40 &#177; 16.6</td>
                <td align="center">50.8 &#177; 13.7</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.007<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LVESV</td>
                <td align="center">140 &#177; 53.1</td>
                <td align="center">139.3 &#177; 50.7</td>
                <td align="center">141.8 &#177; 58.7</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.83<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LVDV</td>
                <td align="center">202 &#177; 63</td>
                <td align="center">202 &#177; 57</td>
                <td align="center">201.5 &#177; 74.6</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.97<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Mitral insufficiency</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>p = 0.02<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Minimum</td>
                <td align="center">15(17.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">14(23.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">1(6.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Light</td>
                <td align="center">50 (59.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">37(61.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">13(54.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Moderate</td>
                <td align="center">14 (16.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">6(10%)</td>
                <td align="center">8(33.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Serious</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>5 (6%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>3(5%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>2(8.3%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EF post-CRT</td>
                <td align="center">34.7 &#177; 11.4</td>
                <td align="center">37.3% &#177; 11.1</td>
                <td align="center">26.9% &#177; 8.4</td>
                <td align="center">p &#8804; 0.001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LV electrode (coronary sinus)</td>
                <td align="center">158(92.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">108(90.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">50(98%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.11<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">c</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BP</td>
                <td align="center">95.5%(&#177; 9.7)</td>
                <td align="center">96.6%(&#177; 8.2)</td>
                <td align="center">92.1%(&#177; 12.9)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.02<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BP &#8805; 95%</td>
                <td align="center">111 (79.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">92(86%)</td>
                <td align="center">19(57.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">p &#8804; 0.001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>Data expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation or absolute numbers (percentage).</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <label>a</label>
              <p>Test unpaired;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <label>b</label>
              <p>Test Chi-square;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <label>c</label>
              <p>Fisher exact test. ICD -CRT: implantable cardioverter defibrillator + Cardiac Resuscitation Therapy; CHF: congestive heart failure; SAH: systemic arterial hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRF: chronic renal failure; ACE inhibitor: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARA II: angiotensin II receptor antagonist; LBBB: left bundle branch block; RBBB: right bundle branch block; IBB: indeterminate branch block; EF: ejection fraction; LA: left atrium; PSAP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; LVESV: left ventricular end systolic volume; LVDV: left ventricular diastolic volume; LV electrode: place where electrode was positioned (with percentile positioning electrode via coronary sinus at the side); BP: biventricular pacing at 6 months.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Characteristics of the population submitted to CRT stratified by the presence of echocardiographic response</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">Patients with pre and post implant echo (n = 71)</th>
                <th align="center">With ECO Response (n = 42)</th>
                <th align="center">No ECO Response (n = 29)</th>
                <th align="center">p Value</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade. anos Age, years</td>
                <td align="center">61.6 &#177; 10.4</td>
                <td align="center">61.7 &#177; 9.9</td>
                <td align="center">61.6 &#177; 11.2</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.97<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Gender (Male)</td>
                <td align="center">51 (71.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (73.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (69%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.79<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Device type (ICD-CRT)</td>
                <td align="center">64 (90.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">38 (90.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">26 (89.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.9<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">c</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Etiology CFH (Non-Ischemic)</td>
                <td align="center">40 (57.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">26 (61.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">14 (50%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.34<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>NYHA Class</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>p = 0.13<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (%)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">II</td>
                <td align="center">13 (20.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (20%)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (20.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">III</td>
                <td align="center">38 (59.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (68.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">14 (48.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IV</td>
                <td align="center">13 (20.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (11.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (31%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SAH</td>
                <td align="center">58 (81.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">35 (83.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">23 (79.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.76<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DM</td>
                <td align="center">21 (29.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (28.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (31%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Prior MI</td>
                <td align="center">27 (39.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (26.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">16 (57.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.01<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">COPD</td>
                <td align="center">5 (7%)</td>
                <td align="center">4 9.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (3.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.32<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">c</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IRC</td>
                <td align="center">18 (25.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (23.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (27.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.78<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Atrial Fibrillation</td>
                <td align="center">17 (23.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (23.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (24.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Medications</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACE</td>
                <td align="center">51 (72.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (73.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (72.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ARA II</td>
                <td align="center">15 (21.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (22%)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (20.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Beta blocker</td>
                <td align="center">63 (90%)</td>
                <td align="center">36 (87.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (93.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.7<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">c</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Spironolactone</td>
                <td align="center">48 (68.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">28 (68.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (69%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Electrocardiogram</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">QRS</td>
                <td align="center">158.4 &#177; 24.7</td>
                <td align="center">162.5 &#177; 24.4</td>
                <td align="center">152.6 &#177; 24.4</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.13<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LBBB</td>
                <td align="center">46 (64.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (73.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (51.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.08<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">RBBB</td>
                <td align="center">6 (8.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">0(0%)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (21.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.002<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">c</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IBB</td>
                <td align="center">6 (8.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (9.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (7.1%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.7<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">c</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">QRS &#8805; 150 ms</td>
                <td align="center">45 (65.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">28 (68.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (37.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.6<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Rhythm</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>p = 0.86<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sinus</td>
                <td align="center">52 (74.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (73.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">22 (75.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pacemaker</td>
                <td align="center">9 (12.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (12.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (13.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Atrial fibrillation</td>
                <td align="center">9 (12.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (14.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (10.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Echocardiogram</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EF</td>
                <td align="center">27.8 &#177; 7.8</td>
                <td align="center">27.8 &#177; 6.5</td>
                <td align="center">24.6 &#177; 7.6</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.012<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LA</td>
                <td align="center">4.7 &#177; 0.8</td>
                <td align="center">4.5 &#177; 0.7</td>
                <td align="center">4.9 &#177; 0.9</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PSAP</td>
                <td align="center">43.4 &#177; 16.2</td>
                <td align="center">39.93 &#177; 16.6</td>
                <td align="center">50.81 &#177; 13.7</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.007<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LVESV</td>
                <td align="center">143 &#177; 55.9</td>
                <td align="center">155.6 &#177; 59.2</td>
                <td align="center">130.52 &#177; 49.9</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.08<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LVDV</td>
                <td align="center">210 &#177; 62.8</td>
                <td align="center">218.5 &#177; 61.6</td>
                <td align="center">201 &#177; 64</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.28<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Mitral insufficiency</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>p = 0.03<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Minimum</td>
                <td align="center">11 (21.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (34.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (7.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Light</td>
                <td align="center">30 (57%)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (57.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (57.7%%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Moderate</td>
                <td align="center">9 (17.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (7.7%)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (26.9%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Serious</td>
                <td align="center">2 (3.8%)</td>
                <td align="center">0(0%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (7.7%%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EF post-CRT</td>
                <td align="center">34.4 &#177; 10.4</td>
                <td align="center">39.8% &#177; 9.4</td>
                <td align="center">26.7% &#177; 6.2</td>
                <td align="center">p &#8804; 0.001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LV electrode (coronary sinus)</td>
                <td align="center">66 (93%)</td>
                <td align="center">38 (90.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">28 (96.6%)</td>
                <td align="center">p = 0.32<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">c</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BP</td>
                <td align="center">95.3 &#177; 9.3%</td>
                <td align="center">98.4 &#177; 2.6%</td>
                <td align="center">90 &#177; 13.5%</td>
                <td align="center">p &#8804; 0.001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">a</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BP &#8805; 95%</td>
                <td align="center">48 (77.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">36 (92.3%)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (52.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">p &#8804; 0.001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">b</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <p>Data expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation or absolute numbers (percentage).</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <label>a</label>
              <p>Test unpaired;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN7">
              <label>b</label>
              <p>Test Chi-square;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <label>c</label>
              <p>Fisher exact test. ICD-CRT: implantable cardioverter defibrillator + Cardiac Resuscitation Therapy; CHF: congestive heart failure; SAH: systemic arterial hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRF: chronic renal failure; ACE inhibitor: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARA II: angiotensin II receptor antagonist; LBBB: left bundle branch block; RBBB: right bundle branch block; IBB: indeterminate branch block; EF: ejection fraction; LA: left atrium; PSAP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; LVESV: left ventricular end systolic volume; LVDV: left ventricular diastolic volume; LV electrode: place where electrode was positioned (with percentile positioning electrode via coronary sinus at the side); BP: biventricular pacing at 6 months.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Total mortality</title>
        <p>Cumulative mortality in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of follow-up were, respectively, 11.2% (19 patients), 21.2% (36 patients) and 25.9% (44 patients). <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref> shows the clinical predictors independently associated with mortality: age (hazard ratio [HR] of 1.05, p = 0.027), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (HR of 3.13, p = 0.015) and prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (HR of 2.17; p = 0.049). Age was analyzed as a continuous variable, with an increase in mortality risk of 5% for each additional year of life. As expected, a higher percentage of biventricular stimulation was protective for mortality (HR of 0.972, p = 0.048). For each additional percentage of biventricular stimulation there was a reduction of 2.8% of mortality. In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1 A</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">1C</xref>, respectively, the survival curve for total mortality can be seen according to the presence of previous AMI and ventricular pacing percentage at the 6-month evaluation. We must highlight the intense effect on mortality in those patients who achieved a biventricular pacing rate greater than 95% in 6 months, with absolute differences of death after 1,500 days of follow-up of approximately 40%, was observed. In addition, we also performed stratification between patients with and without echocardiographic response on total mortality, which can be seen in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2A</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Univariate analysis and proportional Cox risk model for outcome of total mortality</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">Univariate analysis</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">Multivariate analysis</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">HR</th>
                <th align="center">95 % CI</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
                <th align="center">HR</th>
                <th align="center">95% CI</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Age</td>
                <td align="center">1.05</td>
                <td align="center">1.02-1.1</td>
                <td align="center">0.001</td>
                <td align="center">1.05</td>
                <td align="center">1.01-1.09</td>
                <td align="center">0.027</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">COPD</td>
                <td align="center">2.33</td>
                <td align="center">1.09-5.01</td>
                <td align="center">0.030</td>
                <td align="center">3.13</td>
                <td align="center">1.25-7.82</td>
                <td align="center">0.015</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Chronic AF</td>
                <td align="center">1.79</td>
                <td align="center">1.03-3.13</td>
                <td align="center">0.039</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LBBB</td>
                <td align="center">0.60</td>
                <td align="center">0.34-1.04</td>
                <td align="center">0.070</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BP.6m</td>
                <td align="center">0.97</td>
                <td align="center">0.95-0.99</td>
                <td align="center">0.008</td>
                <td align="center">0.972</td>
                <td align="center">0.94-1</td>
                <td align="center">0.048</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">MI prior</td>
                <td align="center">1.91</td>
                <td align="center">1.08-3.37</td>
                <td align="center">0.026</td>
                <td align="center">2.17</td>
                <td align="center">1.003-4.70</td>
                <td align="center">0.049</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CRF</td>
                <td align="center">1.82</td>
                <td align="center">1.005-3.30</td>
                <td align="center">0.048</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CRT without ICD</td>
                <td align="center">1.63</td>
                <td align="center">0.87-3.06</td>
                <td align="center">0.130</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN9">
              <p>HR: "Hazard Ratio"; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; AF: atrial fibrillation; LBBB: left bundle branch block; BP.6m: biventricular pacing at 6 months; MI: acute myocardial infarction; CRF: chronic renal failure; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillator.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Kaplan-Meyer curve of total mortality (A) and total survival free of death or hospitalization (B) stratified by presence of AMI and total mortality (C) and total survival free of death or hospitalization (D) stratified by the presence of biventricular pacing greater than or equal to 95%.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-06-0569-70171-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Kaplan-Meyer curve of total mortality (A) and total survival free of death or hospitalization (B) stratified by ecocardiographic response.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-06-0569-70171-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Hospitalization or mortality</title>
        <p>During follow-up, 64 patients (37.6%) had death or hospitalization due to CHF. Factors independently associated with mortality or hospitalization for CHF were atrial fibrillation (HR) (HR 2.01, p = 0.03), COPD (HR 2.84, p = 0.01), and prior AMI 2.02, p = 0.03) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>). Similarly, a higher percentage of biventricular pacing was also a protective factor in relation to mortality or hospitalization for CHF (HR 0.97, p = 0.03). In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1B</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">1D</xref>, respectively, the survival curve can be seen according to the presence of previous AMI and ventricular pacing percentage at the 6-month evaluation.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Table 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Univariate analysis and Cox proportional risk model for outcome of hospitalization or total mortality</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">Univariate analysis</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">Multivariate analysis</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">HR</th>
                <th align="center">95 % CI</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
                <th align="center">HR</th>
                <th align="center">95% CI</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Chronic AF</td>
                <td align="center">1.74</td>
                <td align="center">1.05-2.86</td>
                <td align="center">0.030</td>
                <td align="center">2.01</td>
                <td align="center">1.06-3.84</td>
                <td align="center">0.03</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Age</td>
                <td align="center">1.03</td>
                <td align="center">1.01-1.06</td>
                <td align="center">0.002</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">COPD</td>
                <td align="center">2.73</td>
                <td align="center">1.36-5.45</td>
                <td align="center">0.004</td>
                <td align="center">2.84</td>
                <td align="center">1.27-6.37</td>
                <td align="center">0.01</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">RBBB</td>
                <td align="center">3.18</td>
                <td align="center">1.56-6.47</td>
                <td align="center">0.001</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LBBB</td>
                <td align="center">0.51</td>
                <td align="center">0.31-0.84</td>
                <td align="center">0.008</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BP.6m</td>
                <td align="center">0.97</td>
                <td align="center">0.95-0.99</td>
                <td align="center">0.004</td>
                <td align="center">0.97</td>
                <td align="center">0.95-0.99</td>
                <td align="center">0.035</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">MI prior</td>
                <td align="center">2.08</td>
                <td align="center">1.26-3.45</td>
                <td align="center">0.004</td>
                <td align="center">2.02</td>
                <td align="center">1.06-3.87</td>
                <td align="center">0.03</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">QRS &gt; 150</td>
                <td align="center">0.65</td>
                <td align="center">0.40-1.07</td>
                <td align="center">0.095</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN10">
              <p>HR: "Hazard Ratio"; AF: atrial fibrillation; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; RBBB: right bundle branch block; LBBB: left bundle branch block; BP.6m: biventricular pacing at 6 months; MI: acute myocardial infarction.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Echocardiographic response</title>
        <p>According to previously described criteria, 42 patients (59%) presented echocardiographic response. For this analysis, we evaluated only those patients who had echocardiographic data before and after CRT (n = 71). In the multivariate analysis of possible predictors of beneficial echocardiographic response, the independently associated factors were presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) (HR of 2.58, p = 0.03), higher percentage of biventricular pacing at 6 months 1.12, p = 0.03) and absence of moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (HR of 6.43, p = 0.005), as can be seen in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 5</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Table 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Univariate and multivariate analysis for echocardiographic response after CRT</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">Univariate analysis</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">Multivariate analysis</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">RR</th>
                <th align="center">95 % CI</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
                <th align="center">RR</th>
                <th align="center">95% CI</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Minimal Mitral Insufficiency<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">4.5</td>
                <td align="center">1.24-16.25</td>
                <td align="center">0.022</td>
                <td align="center">6.43</td>
                <td align="center">1.76-23.46</td>
                <td align="center">0.005</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Mild Mitral Insufficiency</td>
                <td align="center">2.75</td>
                <td align="center">0.74-10.13</td>
                <td align="center">0.128</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">COPD</td>
                <td align="center">1.39</td>
                <td align="center">0.85-2.25</td>
                <td align="center">0.184</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Narrowing QRS</td>
                <td align="center">1.42</td>
                <td align="center">0.84-2.40</td>
                <td align="center">0.193</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LBBB</td>
                <td align="center">1.53</td>
                <td align="center">0.94-2.49</td>
                <td align="center">0.085</td>
                <td align="center">2.58</td>
                <td align="center">1.08-6.17</td>
                <td align="center">0.03</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BP.6m</td>
                <td align="center">3.5</td>
                <td align="center">1.27-9.67</td>
                <td align="center">0.016</td>
                <td align="center">1.12</td>
                <td align="center">1.01-1.25</td>
                <td align="center">0.030</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">MI prior</td>
                <td align="center">0.57</td>
                <td align="center">0.35-0.93</td>
                <td align="center">0.026</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Duration QRS</td>
                <td align="center">1.01</td>
                <td align="center">0.99-1.017</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Left Atrium</td>
                <td align="center">0.75</td>
                <td align="center">0.55-1.02</td>
                <td align="center">0.070</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">FLVSV</td>
                <td align="center">1.01</td>
                <td align="center">1.00-1.01</td>
                <td align="center">0.042</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Eject Fraction</td>
                <td align="center">0.97</td>
                <td align="center">0.95-0.99</td>
                <td align="center">0.032</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN11">
              <p>RR: relative risk; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LBBB: left bundle branch block; BP.6m: bi-ventricular pacing at 6 months; MI: acute myocardial infarction; FLVSV: final left ventricular systolic volume.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN12">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Comparison with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>In addition, a stratified survival analysis was performed between patients with and without echocardiographic response (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). Interestingly, patients who presented an echocardiographic response had a statistically lower risk of total mortality and a high impact on the combined outcome of mortality and hospitalization for HF, with absolute difference greater than 40% after 1,500 days of follow-up.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical-functional class response</title>
        <p>A total of 101 patients were analyzed, data on functional class were available in 12 months. We identified that 71.3% of the patients showed improvement of at least 1 functional class stage in the follow-up of this study. Patients who showed improvement in functional class presented a 69% lower risk of mortality, as assessed by Cox regression (HR of 0.31 for mortality, p = 0.006).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The present study evaluates the effectiveness of CRT in day-to-day practice in a highly complex cardiology center of a university public tertiary hospital in Brazil. Our data demonstrate annual cumulative mortality rate similar to that observed in large international clinical trials, as well as an echocardiographic response rate around 60%. Consistently, we also found that biventricular pacing rate was an important predictor of clinical outcomes. In the national scenario, there are few studies that propose to evaluate the evolution of patients submitted to CRT in the real world, considering the circumstances and peculiarities of the HF care. In this context, our results are important for assessing the effectiveness of CRT at local and national levels, allowing better selection of candidates and better planning of follow-up of these patients. We emphasize that this study was performed only with SUS patients, in a tertiary hospital, which receives patients from all over the state of Rio Grande do Sul for evaluation and treatment. Thus, we believe that this study represents with reliability the reality of the majority of patients submitted to CRT in our country.</p>
      <p>Our study included a majority of patients with ICD-CRT implants (80.6%) in relation to CRT alone. This is a retrospective study that evaluated all patients submitted to CRT alone or ICD-CRT in the assessed period. As previously described, there are cost-effectiveness data from the CRT implant in the public scenario.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> The CRT implant alone is cost-effective in patients of the Brazilian public system, as demonstrated by Bertoldi EG et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> This author has shown that for patients eligible for ICD, ICD-CRT implantation is still marginally cost-effective.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> We emphasize that all cases were discussed in the Cardiology Department with the participation of the assistant team and the conducts based on the best practices and evidences available at the time of implantation.</p>
      <p>Total mortality in this cohort was 30% at a median follow-up of 34 months and 21.2% at 2-year follow-up. We noted a low rate of cardiovascular mortality (15.3%), corresponding to approximately half of the total deaths. These data were derived from the Death Information Service (SIM/RS) of the Health Department of Rio Grande do Sul, which compulsorily incorporates all state death certificates. Mortality of patients submitted to CRT of the CARE-HF study at 1 and 2 years was 9.2% and 18% respectively, with a total mortality of 20% at 29.4 months,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> lower than that that we found. Considering 2-year mortality, our data are close to CARE-HF mortality data for this period. Although the overall mortality in our study was greater than that of CARE, cardiovascular mortality in our study was low (51% vs. 83% of cardiovascular mortality in CARE-HF). In a recently published study conducted in a center in Brazil, with patients included between 2008 and 2013, total mortality was 25% (29/116) during follow-up of 34 &#177; 17 months.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In the present study, independent predictors of total mortality were age, COPD and prior MI. Advanced age and clinical comorbidities are systematically identified as predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with HF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Several previous studies have shown that the patient with HF of ischemic etiology has a worse response to CRT, presumably related to the presence of extensive fibrotic scarring.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> In spite of this, there are ischemic patients who respond adequately to CRT, and efforts have been employed to identify factors that may identify a greater likelihood of response. The identification of cardiac areas with greater mechanical and/or electrical delay before and during the resynchronizer implantation through echocardiography or through direct measurement can help to refine the indication of CRT in ischemic and non-ischemic patients. Some current studies have already presented preliminary results in the use of these techniques.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> The use of cardiac nuclear magnetic resonance imaging may also help to prevent scarring and may improve the response rate to CRT, particularly in ischemic patients,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> with reports of more extensive scarring areas among non-responders.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Additionally, we observed that the percentage of biventricular stimulation evaluated at 6 months post-implantation was associated with greater survival. There are consistent data in the literature that point in the same direction. It is recommended that the percentage of biventricular pacing should be as high as possible, ideally close to 100%, which would be associated with a higher probability of clinical improvement.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> These findings reinforce the concept that professionals dealing with patients with advanced ICC should be attentive and periodically accompany the patients in the post-implant to obtain the greatest possible clinical benefit. There are specific situations, such as the presence or appearance of atrial fibrillation and ectopies, for example that can significantly decrease the rate of biventricular stimulation, reducing the chance of clinical response. In this study, we can clearly observe that patients with a high percentage of biventricular stimulation (especially when &#8805; 95%) had a reduction in total mortality and the combined outcome of death and hospitalization for CHF. Our data suggest that for every additional 1% biventricular stimulation we observed a reduction in mortality risk of 2.8, independent of other factors. This result was observed even considering that the mean biventricular stimulation of our patients was already relatively high. Therefore, our data are in agreement with previous studies and confirm the current concept of "the higher the stimulation the better the response". In addition, there are other potential adjustments related to timing of stimuli in the right and left ventricles and their relation to electrocardiographic findings, which were not possible to be performed in this study because it is a retrospective cohort.</p>
      <p>We emphasize that the studied population agrees with the indication criteria in effect at the moment of implantation, since it is an expensive therapy and little available in our environment. Considering that 61% of the patients had LBBB and around 20% of the patients had pacemaker with ventricular pacing and worsening of the functional class, which is also an accurate indication of cardiac resynchronization, approximately 82% of the patients had LBBB or stimulation ventricular pacemaker.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
			</p>
      <p>We also evaluated the composite endpoints of mortality and hospitalization for CHF, in addition to echocardiographic response. Regarding the composite endpoint of mortality and hospitalization for CHF, the clinical predictors were AF, COPD and previous MI. Consistent biventricular stimulation was a protective factor. In patients characterized with beneficial echocardiographic response (reverse remodeling) in this study (increase in LVEF and/or reduction in systolic volume), mortality was significantly lower. The main predictors of CRT response, already reported in the literature, are female gender, non-ischemic etiology of CHF, presence of LBBB and QRS &#8805; 150 ms.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> In our study, the percentage of echocardiographic response was 59.1% with 40.9% of non-responders, which would be compatible with the 30-40% range of non-responders reported in the literature. Data from 15 studies grouped in a recent article demonstrated a clinical response rate of 67% and in sub-analysis of the PROSPECT study the echocardiographic response rate was 57%, with 43% of non-responders.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> The variables independently associated with the echocardiographic response in our analysis were absence of mitral insufficiency, presence of LBBB and biventricular stimulation. We emphasize that the percentage of patients with symptomatic clinical improvement at 12 months, evaluated by NYHA functional class, was 71.3%. Thus, considering the improvement of functional class as a response criterion, we had 28.7% of non-responders to CRT. As in the study by Boidol et al, functional class improvement is significantly correlated with decreased mortality, which gives a higher value to this response criterion, albeit of a subjective nature.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In general, the present study confirms several findings in the literature and may help us to select CRT candidate patients in the national context. It should be noted that after the resynchronizer implantation, close contact should be maintained, with frequent reviews for evaluation and possible adjustments, such as interventions to optimize the percentage of biventricular pacing. These interventions may be medication or through procedures such as AV node ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation, which will allow the percentage of biventricular pacing to be close to 100%.</p>
      <p>The main limitations of this study are related to possible information bias, since it is a retrospective review of medical records with a non-ideal rate of nonexistent information. In particular, we had a limited number of patients with adequate echocardiographic data before and after resynchronizer implantation (71), and a missing of 69 patients in the clinical evaluation of the functional class. Many patients did not do any control tests or did them in other different places, at the referral hospital. This is a retrospective real-life study with patients from the national public health system, which makes it relevant in the regional and national context. Limitations in the collection of data from this type of study are a major logistic problem, but we believe that our work can still represent a reliable sample of our population, even though the results obtained are consistent, despite missing data.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>Mortality in patients submitted to CRT at a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil was independently associated with age, presence of COPD and previous MI. The percentage of biventricular stimulation evaluated 6 months after resynchronizer implantation was independently associated with improved survival and lower risk of the combined outcome of death and hospitalization. Adequate echocardiographic response, measured by signs of reverse remodeling, was also associated with a lower risk of total mortality and hospitalization for CHF.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Guilherme Ferreira Gazzoni, from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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            <surname>Gazzoni</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fraga</surname>
            <given-names>Matheus Bom</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferrari</surname>
            <given-names>Andres Di Leoni</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Soliz</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo da Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Borges</surname>
            <given-names>Anibal Pires</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bartholomay</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kalil</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Antonio Abunader</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Giaretta</surname>
            <given-names>Vanessa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rohde</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Eduardo Paim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas da Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Guilherme Ferreira Gazzoni,</bold> Rua Jos&#233; Albano Volkmer, 340 apto 512. CEP 90520-020, Boa Vista, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil. E-mail: <email>ggazzoni@cardiol.br</email>, <email>gazzoni3@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Gazzoni GF, Fraga MB, Ferrari ADL, Soliz PC, Bartholomay E, Kalil CAA, Rohde LEP; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Gazzoni GF, Fraga MB, Soliz PC, Borges AP, Rohde LEP; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Gazzoni GF, Fraga MB, Soliz PC, Borges AP, Bartholomay E, Kalil CAA, Giaretta V, Rohde LEP; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Gazzoni GF, Fraga MB, Ferrari ADL, Bartholomay E, Kalil CAA, Giaretta V, Rohde LEP; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Gazzoni GF; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Gazzoni GF, Rohde LEP; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Gazzoni GF, Ferrari ADL, Soliz PC, Borges AP, Bartholomay E, Kalil CAA, Rohde LEP</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Estudos Cl&#237;nicos demonstram que at&#233; 40% dos pacientes n&#227;o respondem &#224; terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (TRC), assim a sele&#231;&#227;o apropriada dos pacientes &#233; fundamental para o sucesso da TRC na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Avalia&#231;&#227;o de preditores de mortalidade e resposta &#224; TRC no cen&#225;rio brasileiro.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluindo os pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC em hospital terci&#225;rio no Sul do Brasil entre 2008-2014. A sobrevida foi avaliada atrav&#233;s de banco de dados da Secretaria Estadual de Sa&#250;de (RS). Os preditores de resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica foram avaliados utilizando m&#233;todo de regress&#227;o de Poisson. A an&#225;lise de sobrevida foi feita por regress&#227;o de Cox e curvas de Kaplan Meyer. Um valor de p bicaudal inferior a 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos 170 pacientes com seguimento m&#233;dio de 1011 &#177; 632 dias. A mortalidade total foi de 30%. Os preditores independentes de mortalidade identificados foram idade (hazzard ratio [HR] de 1,05; p = 0,027), infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) pr&#233;vio (HR de 2,17; p = 0,049) e doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica (DPOC) (HR de 3,13; p = 0,015). O percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular em 6 meses foi identificado com fator protetor de mortalidade ([HR] 0,97; p = 0,048). Os preditores independentes associados &#224; reposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica foram aus&#234;ncia de insufici&#234;ncia mitral, presen&#231;a de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo e percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>A mortalidade nos pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC em hospital terci&#225;rio foi independentemente associada &#224; idade, presen&#231;a de DPOC e IAM pr&#233;vio. O percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular avaliado 6 meses ap&#243;s o implante do ressincronizador foi independentemente associado a melhora da sobrevida e resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca / mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapia de Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Volume Sist&#243;lico</kwd>
        <kwd>Bloqueio de Ramo</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudo de Coortes</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (TRC) tem o potencial de melhorar morbidade, mortalidade e remodelamento reverso em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva (ICC) refrat&#225;ria &#224; terapia medicamentosa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Ao longo dos &#250;ltimos anos, baseado nos benef&#237;cios apresentados em grandes ensaios cl&#237;nicos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> a TRC est&#225; sendo largamente utilizada em pacientes com ICC, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (FE) do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) diminu&#237;da e que apresentam QRS largo, principalmente na presen&#231;a de padr&#227;o de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE). No Brasil, existe documenta&#231;&#227;o de rela&#231;&#227;o de custo-efetividade aceit&#225;vel para o uso de TRC no cen&#225;rio do sistema p&#250;blico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Contudo, al&#233;m do alto custo para o sistema de sa&#250;de, aproximadamente 30%-40% dos casos selecionados para o tratamento n&#227;o se beneficiam da TRC, conforme dados dos grandes estudos em ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o. Por isso, esfor&#231;os redobrados devem ser realizados na sele&#231;&#227;o, implante e acompanhamento dos pacientes potencialmente candidatos &#224; TRC. A sele&#231;&#227;o apropriada ou a exclus&#227;o de pacientes com poucos benef&#237;cios da terapia &#233; estrat&#233;gia desejada para que se obtenha maior taxa de sucesso na TRC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> A avalia&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes respondedores pode ajudar na sele&#231;&#227;o daqueles que ser&#227;o submetidos &#224; TRC, tornando o procedimento mais custo-efetivo e evitando potenciais eventos adversos a pacientes que n&#227;o ter&#227;o benef&#237;cio cl&#237;nico dessa terapia.</p>
        <p>O objetivo principal do presente estudo &#233; a avalia&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade total e de preditores de resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica &#224; TRC. Como objetivos secund&#225;rios, buscou-se avaliar o desfecho composto mortalidade total e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICC, a sobrevida e a classe funcional dos pacientes ap&#243;s a TRC.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Log&#237;stica, crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o</title>
          <p>Esse estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluiu pacientes portadores de ICC, submetidos &#224; TRC isolada ou associada ao cardiodesfibrilador implant&#225;vel (CDI). Foram inclu&#237;dos todos os pacientes submetidos ao implante de marcapasso card&#237;aco multiss&#237;tio (ressincronizador card&#237;aco) pelo sistema &#250;nico de sa&#250;de (SUS), no Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia do Hospital S&#227;o Lucas da PUC-RS, entre os anos de 2008 a 2014. Foi realizada pesquisa nos prontu&#225;rios do hospital conferindo a lista de procedimentos que inclu&#237;ram TRC. Foram exclu&#237;dos do presente protocolo pacientes com idade inferior a 18 anos, que fizeram apenas troca isolada do gerador ou que estavam alocados erroneamente nos registros (ex: pacientes submetidos ao implante de isolado de CDI). N&#227;o foram exclu&#237;dos aqueles pacientes que pudessem ter apresentado problemas t&#233;cnicos do gerador do marcapasso ou eletrodos. A sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes partiu de 191 pacientes portadores de ICC e terapia m&#233;dica otimizada (TMO) que constavam no Registro de Implantes de TRC no HSL-PUCRS (SUS 2008-2014). Ap&#243;s revis&#227;o dos prontu&#225;rios foram exclu&#237;dos 21 pacientes que constavam nesse registro de TRC: 13 pacientes tinham sido submetidos &#224; troca de gerador, 4 pacientes tinham idade inferior a 18 anos, 2 pacientes n&#227;o tiveram seus dados acessados, 1 paciente constava 2 vezes no registro e 1 paciente havia sido submetido ao implante de CDI isolado.</p>
          <p>A popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo &#233; constitu&#237;da de pacientes com disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular grave com terapia m&#233;dica otimizada. Ap&#243;s o preenchimento dos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o, foram coletados os dados dos pacientes no ambulat&#243;rio de Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca - Marcapasso desta institui&#231;&#227;o. O investigador respons&#225;vel preencheu um protocolo sistematizado de avalia&#231;&#227;o baseado no prontu&#225;rio desses pacientes at&#233; a &#250;ltima consulta no ambulat&#243;rio. Todos os pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC tem seguimento no ambulat&#243;rio de estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca para avalia&#231;&#227;o do marcapasso multiss&#237;tio. A primeira avalia&#231;&#227;o ocorre em 30 dias ap&#243;s o implante e ap&#243;s a cada 6 meses (ou antes se necess&#225;rio por intercorr&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas). Pacientes sem acompanhamento cl&#237;nico recente (&#250;ltimos 6 meses) foram convidados a realizar revis&#227;o do seu marcapasso ou entrevistados por telefone. Os dados de mortalidade foram aferidos no banco de dados de Notas de &#211;bito da Secretaria Estadual de Sa&#250;de do RS, atrav&#233;s do N&#250;cleo de Informa&#231;&#227;o de Mortalidade (NIS-RS). O seguimento dos pacientes foi at&#233; 22/09/2015, data final da avalia&#231;&#227;o dos &#243;bitos na Secretaria de Sa&#250;de. Uma planilha com os dados de todos os pacientes participantes do estudo foi cruzada com a planilha de &#243;bitos do NIS-RS at&#233; data estabelecida acima. Al&#233;m disso houve tentativa de contato telef&#244;nico com os participantes do estudo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Desfechos cl&#237;nicos</title>
          <p>Os desfechos principais avaliados foram a mortalidade total em m&#233;dio prazo e a resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica &#224; TRC. O desfecho secund&#225;rio foi o composto de mortalidade ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICC. A defini&#231;&#227;o de resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica foi considerada como um incremento da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (FE) de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) &#8805; 5% ou redu&#231;&#227;o no volume sist&#243;lico final de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VSFVE) &#8805; 15%. A defini&#231;&#227;o de resposta foi baseada em crit&#233;rios descritos em estudos pr&#233;vios.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis quantitativas foram descritas como m&#233;dia e desvio-padr&#227;o, exceto pelo tempo de seguimento, que foi apresentado em mediana e amplitude interquart&#237;lica. As vari&#225;veis qualitativas foram descritas como frequ&#234;ncia absoluta e percentual. A distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis quantitativas foi avaliada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Na an&#225;lise bivariada foram realizados teste t n&#227;o-pareado para vari&#225;veis quantitativas e teste de qui-quadrado para vari&#225;veis qualitativas. Teste exato de Fisher foi usado quando apropriado para as vari&#225;veis qualitativas.</p>
          <p>Para avaliar os preditores de resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica foram utilizadas an&#225;lises univariadas e multivariadas de regress&#227;o de Poisson com vari&#226;ncias robustas (desfecho bin&#225;rio). A an&#225;lise de sobrevida foi feita por regress&#227;o de Cox e curvas de Kaplan Meyer. O crit&#233;rio de entrada para a vari&#225;vel no modelo multivariado foi de que a mesma apresentasse um valor p inferior a 0,20 na an&#225;lise univariada. Tamanho de amostra inicial de 110 pacientes foi calculado no programa WinPEPI (vers&#227;o 11.43) com objetivo de identificar risco de 2,2 para a etiologia isqu&#234;mica considerando um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5%, poder de 80% e taxa de mortalidade estimada em 25%, usando como base dados de sub-estudo do CARE-HF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> As demais an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas foram realizadas no programa SPSS vers&#227;o 20.0. Um valor de p bicaudal inferior a 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
          <p>Esse estudo consiste numa coorte retrospectiva com utiliza&#231;&#227;o de dados de prontu&#225;rio, sem a identifica&#231;&#227;o de dados de pacientes inclu&#237;dos. Dessa forma, foi aplicado termo de utiliza&#231;&#227;o de dados, preenchido pelo pesquisador respons&#225;vel. Quando foi necess&#225;rio realizar entrevista ou avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica com o paciente foi aplicado termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Esse projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado no comit&#234; de &#233;tica em pesquisa da Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul (CEP-PUCRS, CAAE: 46267815.3.0000.5336).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Pacientes</title>
          <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos 170 pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC "de novo" entre os anos de 2008 a 2014. O tempo m&#233;dio de seguimento foi de 1.011 &#177; 632 dias (mediana de 901 dias; intervalo interquartil de 489-1473). Houve 51 mortes nesse per&#237;odo, correspondendo a uma taxa de mortalidade total de 30%. A mortalidade cardiovascular avaliada no per&#237;odo foi de 15,3%, o que corresponde a aproximadamente metade da mortalidade total. As caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes, estratificadas por mortalidade e resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica est&#227;o descritas nas <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabelas 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">2</xref> respectivamente.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t6">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o submetida a TRC estratificada pela sobrevida</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">Todos pacientes (n = 170)</th>
                  <th align="center">Vivos (n = 119)</th>
                  <th align="center">Mortos (n = 51)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Idade, IdadeIIdade, anos</td>
                  <td align="center">63,5 &#177; 12</td>
                  <td align="center">61,4 &#177; 11,7</td>
                  <td align="center">68,3 &#177; 11,4</td>
                  <td align="center">p &lt; 0,001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Sexo (Masculino)</td>
                  <td align="center">115(67,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">79(66,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">36(70,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,72<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tipo dispositivo (CDI-TRC)</td>
                  <td align="center">137(80,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">99(83,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">38(74,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,21<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Etiologia ICC (N&#227;o-Isqu&#234;mica)</td>
                  <td align="center">89(56,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">67(60,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">22(47,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,16<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Classe NYHA</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>p = 0,35<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">I</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1(0,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0(0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">II</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (15,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">17(15,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6(14%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">III</td>
                  <td align="center">98 (64,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">73(67,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">25(58,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IV</td>
                  <td align="center">29 (19,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">17(15,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">12(27,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">HAS</td>
                  <td align="center">131 (79,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">90(78,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">41(31,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,83<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">DM</td>
                  <td align="center">53 (32,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">36(31,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">17(34%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,86<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                  <td align="center">57 (36,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">34(30,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">23(47,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,048<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">DPOC</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (10,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">9(7,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">8(16%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,16<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IRC</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (24,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">24(21,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">16(32%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,17<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</td>
                  <td align="center">52(31,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">29(25,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">23(46%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0.01<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Medica&#231;&#245;es</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IECA</td>
                  <td align="center">97(60,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">70(62,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">27(55,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,39<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ARA II</td>
                  <td align="center">34(21,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">26(23,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">8(16,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,40<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Beta bloqueador</td>
                  <td align="center">140(87%)</td>
                  <td align="center">98(87,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">42(85,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,80<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Espironolactona</td>
                  <td align="center">105(65,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">76(67,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">29(59,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,36<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">QRS</td>
                  <td align="center">157,6 &#177; 28,6</td>
                  <td align="center">156,7 &#177; 28,5</td>
                  <td align="center">159,7 &#177; 29</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,58<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BRE</td>
                  <td align="center">102(61,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">76(66,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">26(52%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,12<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BRD</td>
                  <td align="center">10(6,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3(2,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7(14%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,009<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">c</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BRI</td>
                  <td align="center">10(6,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4(3,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6(12%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,069<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">c</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">QRS &#8805; 150 ms</td>
                  <td align="center">90(54,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">64(56,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">26(52%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,73<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Ritmo</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>p = 0,16<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Sinusal</td>
                  <td align="center">111(67,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">82(71,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">29(56,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Marca-passo</td>
                  <td align="center">24(14,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">14(12,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">10(19,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</td>
                  <td align="center">30(18,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">18(15,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">12(23,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Ecocardiograma</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">FE</td>
                  <td align="center">26,8 &#177; 7</td>
                  <td align="center">27,8 &#177; 6,5</td>
                  <td align="center">24,6 &#177; 7,5</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,01<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">AE</td>
                  <td align="center">4,8 &#177; 0,7</td>
                  <td align="center">4,6 &#177; 0,7</td>
                  <td align="center">5,2 &#177; 0,7</td>
                  <td align="center">p &#8804; 0,001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">PSAP</td>
                  <td align="center">44 &#177; 16,5</td>
                  <td align="center">40 &#177; 16,6</td>
                  <td align="center">50,8 &#177; 13,7</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,007<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">VSFVE</td>
                  <td align="center">140 &#177; 53,1</td>
                  <td align="center">139,3 &#177; 50,7</td>
                  <td align="center">141,8 &#177; 58,7</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,83<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">VDFVE</td>
                  <td align="center">202 &#177; 63</td>
                  <td align="center">202 &#177; 57</td>
                  <td align="center">201,5 &#177; 74,6</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,97<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Insufici&#234;ncia mitral</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>p = 0,02<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">M&#237;nima</td>
                  <td align="center">15(17,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">14(23,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1(6,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (59,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">37(61,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">13(54,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Moderada</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (16,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6(10%)</td>
                  <td align="center">8(33,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Grave</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3(5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2(8,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">FE p&#243;s-TRC</td>
                  <td align="center">34,7 &#177; 11,4</td>
                  <td align="center">37,3% &#177; 11,1</td>
                  <td align="center">26,9% &#177; 8,4</td>
                  <td align="center">p &#8804; 0,001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Eletrodo VE (Seio Coron&#225;rio)</td>
                  <td align="center">158(92,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">108(90,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">50(98%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,11<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">c</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BIV</td>
                  <td align="center">95,5%(&#177; 9,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">96,6%(&#177; 8,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">92,1%(&#177; 12,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,02<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BIV &#8805; 95%</td>
                  <td align="center">111 (79,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">92(86%)</td>
                  <td align="center">19(57,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p &#8804; 0,001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN13">
                <p>Dados expressos com m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o ou n&#250;meros absolutos (percentual).</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN14">
                <label>a</label>
                <p>Teste T n&#227;o pareado; bTeste Qui-quadrado;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN15">
                <label>b</label>
                <p>Teste Qui-quadrado;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN16">
                <label>c</label>
                <p>Teste Exato de Fisher. CDI - TRC: cardiodesfibrilador implant&#225;vel + Terapia de Ressinconiza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca; ICC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva; HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica; DM: diabetes mellitus; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; DPOC: doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutuva cr&#244;nica; IRC: insufici&#234;ncia Renal Cr&#244;nica; IECA: Inibidor da enzima de convers&#227;o em angiontensina; ARA II: antagonista do receptor de angitensina II; BRE: bloqueio de ramo esquerdo; BRD - bloqueio de ramo direito; BRI: bloqueio de ramo indeterminado; FE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o, AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; PSAP: press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar; VSFVE: volume sist&#243;lico final do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; VDFVE - volume diast&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; Eletrodo de VE - local onde foi posicionado eletrodo (com percentil de posicionamento eletrodo via seio coron&#225;rio ao lado); BIV: estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular em 6 meses.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <table-wrap id="t7">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o submetida a TRC estratificada pela presen&#231;a de resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">Pacientes com eco pr&#233; e p&#243;s implante (n = 71)</th>
                  <th align="center">Com Resposta ECO (n = 42)</th>
                  <th align="center">Sem Resposta ECO (n = 29)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Idade, anos Idade, anos</td>
                  <td align="center">61,6 &#177; 10,4</td>
                  <td align="center">61,7 &#177; 9,9</td>
                  <td align="center">61,6 &#177; 11,2</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,97<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Sexo (Masculino)</td>
                  <td align="center">51(71,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">31(73,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">20(69%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,79<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tipo dispositivo (CDI-TRC)</td>
                  <td align="center">64(90,1%) </td>
                  <td align="center">38(90,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">26(89,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,9<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">c</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Etiologia ICC (N&#227;o-Isqu&#234;mica)</td>
                  <td align="center">40(57,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">26(61,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">14(50%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,34<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Classe NYHA</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>p = 0,13<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">I</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0(%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0(0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">II</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (20,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7(20%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6(20,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">III</td>
                  <td align="center">38 (59,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">24(68,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">14(48,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IV</td>
                  <td align="center">13(20,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4(11,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">9(31%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">HAS</td>
                  <td align="center">58(81,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">35(83,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">23(79,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,76<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">DM</td>
                  <td align="center">21(29,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">12(28,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">9(31%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                  <td align="center">27(39,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">11(26,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">16(57,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,01<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">DPOC</td>
                  <td align="center">5(7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4(9,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1(3,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,32<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">c</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IRC</td>
                  <td align="center">18(25,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">10(23,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">8(27,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,78<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial</td>
                  <td align="center">17(23,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">10(23,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7(24,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Medica&#231;&#245;es</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IECA</td>
                  <td align="center">51(72,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">30(73,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">21(72,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ARA II</td>
                  <td align="center">15(21,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">9(22%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6(20,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Beta bloqueador</td>
                  <td align="center">63(90%)</td>
                  <td align="center">36(87,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">27(93,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,7<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">c</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Espironolactona</td>
                  <td align="center">48(68,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">28(68,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">20(69%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">QRS</td>
                  <td align="center">158,4 &#177; 24,7</td>
                  <td align="center">162,5 &#177; 24,4</td>
                  <td align="center">152,6 &#177; 24,4</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,13<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BRE</td>
                  <td align="center">46 (64,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">31(73,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">15(51,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,08<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BRD</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (8,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0(0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6(21,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,002<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">c</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BRI</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (8,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4(9,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2(7,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,7<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">c</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">QRS&#8805;150ms</td>
                  <td align="center">45(65,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">28(68,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">17(37,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,6<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Ritmo</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>p = 0,86<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Sinusal</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (74,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">30(73,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">22(75,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Marcapasso</td>
                  <td align="center">9(12,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">5(12,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4(13,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</td>
                  <td align="center">9(12,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6(14,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3(10,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Ecocardiograma</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">FE</td>
                  <td align="center">27,8 &#177; 7,8</td>
                  <td align="center">27,8 &#177; 6,5</td>
                  <td align="center">24,6 &#177; 7,6</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,012<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">AE</td>
                  <td align="center">4,7 &#177; 0,8</td>
                  <td align="center">4,5 &#177; 0,7</td>
                  <td align="center">4,9 &#177; 0,9</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">PSAP</td>
                  <td align="center">43,4 &#177; 16,2</td>
                  <td align="center">39,93 &#177; 16,6</td>
                  <td align="center">50,81 &#177; 13,7</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,007<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">VSFVE</td>
                  <td align="center">143 &#177; 55,9</td>
                  <td align="center">155,6 &#177; 59,2</td>
                  <td align="center">130,52 &#177; 49,9</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,08<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">VDFVE</td>
                  <td align="center">210 &#177; 62,8</td>
                  <td align="center">218,5 &#177; 61,6</td>
                  <td align="center">201 &#177; 64</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,28<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Insufici&#234;ncia mitral</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>p = 0,03<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">M&#237;nima</td>
                  <td align="center">11(21,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">9(34,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2(7,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">30 (57%)</td>
                  <td align="center">15(57,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">15(57,7%%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Moderada</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (17,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2(7,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7(26,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Grave</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (3,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0(0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2(7,7%%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">FE p&#243;s-TRC</td>
                  <td align="center">34,4 &#177; 10,4</td>
                  <td align="center">39,8% &#177; 9,4</td>
                  <td align="center">26,7% &#177; 6,2</td>
                  <td align="center">p &#8804; 0,001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Eletrodo VE (Seio Coron&#225;rio)</td>
                  <td align="center">66 (93%)</td>
                  <td align="center">38(90,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">28(96,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p = 0,32<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">c</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BIV</td>
                  <td align="center">95,3 &#177; 9,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">98,4 &#177; 2,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">90 &#177; 13,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">p &#8804; 0,001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">a</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BIV &#8805; 95%</td>
                  <td align="center">48(77,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">36(92,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">12(52,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">p &#8804; 0,001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">b</xref></sup></td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN17">
                <p>Dados expressos com m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o ou n&#250;meros absolutos (percentual).</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN18">
                <label>a</label>
                <p>Teste T n&#227;o pareado;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN19">
                <label>b</label>
                <p>Teste Qui-quadrado;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN20">
                <label>c</label>
                <p>Teste Exato de Fisher. CDI-TRC: cardiodesfibrilador implant&#225;vel+Terapia de Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca; ICC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica; DM: diabetes mellitus; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; DPOC: doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutuva cr&#244;nica; IRC: insufici&#234;ncia Renal Cr&#244;nica; IECA: Inibidor da enzima de convers&#227;o em angiontensina; ARA II: antagonista do receptor de angitensina II; BRE: bloqueio de ramo esquerdo; BRD: bloqueio de ramo direito; BRI: bloqueio de ramo indeterminado; FE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o; AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; PSAP: press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar; VSFVE: volume sist&#243;lico final do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; VDFVE: volume diast&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; Eletrodo de VE: local onde foi posicionado eletrodo (com percentil de posicionamento eletrodo via seio coron&#225;rio ao lado); BIV: estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular em 6 meses.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Mortalidade total</title>
          <p>A mortalidade cumulativa no 1&#186;, 2&#186; e 3&#186; ano de seguimento foram, respectivamente, 11,2% (19 pacientes), 21,2% (36 pacientes) e 25,9% (44 pacientes). A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 3</xref> ilustra os preditores cl&#237;nicos independentemente associados &#224; mortalidade: idade (hazzard ratio [HR] de 1,05; p = 0,027), doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica (DPOC) (HR de 3,13; p = 0,015) e infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) pr&#233;vio (HR de 2,17; p = 0,049). A idade foi analisada como vari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua, sendo identificado um aumento do risco de mortalidade de 5% para cada ano de vida a mais. Como esperado, um maior percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular foi caracter&#237;stica protetora para mortalidade (HR de 0,972; p = 0,048). Para cada percentual a mais de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 2,8% de mortalidade. Nas <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figuras 1A</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">1C</xref>, respectivamente, pode ser vista a curva de sobrevida para mortalidade total de acordo com a presen&#231;a de IAM pr&#233;vio e porcentagem de estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular na avalia&#231;&#227;o de 6 meses. Ressalta-se o intenso efeito sobre a mortalidade daqueles pacientes que alcan&#231;aram taxa de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular maior do que 95% em 6 meses, com diferen&#231;as absolutas de morte ap&#243;s 1.500 dias de acompanhamento de aproximadamente 40%. Al&#233;m disso, tamb&#233;m realizamos estratifica&#231;&#227;o entre pacientes com e sem resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica sobre mortalidade total, que pode ser apreciada na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2A</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t8">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>An&#225;lise univariada e modelo de risco proporcional de Cox para desfecho de mortalidade total.</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3">An&#225;lise univariada</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3">An&#225;lise multivariada</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">HR</th>
                  <th align="center">95% CI</th>
                  <th align="center">p</th>
                  <th align="center">HR</th>
                  <th align="center">95% CI</th>
                  <th align="center">p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Idade</td>
                  <td align="center">1,05</td>
                  <td align="center">1,02-1,1</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1,05</td>
                  <td align="center">1.01-1,09</td>
                  <td align="center">0,027</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">DPOC</td>
                  <td align="center">2,33</td>
                  <td align="center">1,09-5,01</td>
                  <td align="center">0,030</td>
                  <td align="center">3,13</td>
                  <td align="center">1,25-7,82</td>
                  <td align="center">0,015</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">FA cr&#244;nica</td>
                  <td align="center">1,79</td>
                  <td align="center">1,03-3,13</td>
                  <td align="center">0,039</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BRE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,60</td>
                  <td align="center">0,34-1,04</td>
                  <td align="center">0,070</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BIV.6m</td>
                  <td align="center">0,97</td>
                  <td align="center">0,95-0,99</td>
                  <td align="center">0,008</td>
                  <td align="center">0,972</td>
                  <td align="center">0,94-1</td>
                  <td align="center">0,048</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                  <td align="center">1,91</td>
                  <td align="center">1,08-3,37</td>
                  <td align="center">0,026</td>
                  <td align="center">2,17</td>
                  <td align="center">1,003-4,70</td>
                  <td align="center">0,049</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IRC</td>
                  <td align="center">1,82</td>
                  <td align="center">1,005-3,30</td>
                  <td align="center">0,048</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">TRC sem CDI</td>
                  <td align="center">1,63</td>
                  <td align="center">0,87-3,06</td>
                  <td align="center">0,130</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN21">
                <p>HR: "Hazard Ratio"; DPOC: doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica; FA: fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial; BRE: bloqueio de ramo esquerdo; BIV.6m: estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular em 6 meses; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; IRC: insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica; TRC: terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca; CDI: cardiodesfibrilador implant&#225;vel.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>
            <fig id="f3">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Curva de Kaplan-Meyer de mortalidade total (A) e de sobrevida livre de morte total ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o (B) estratificados por presen&#231;a de IAM e de mortalidade total (C) e de sobrevida livre de morte total ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o (D) estratificados por presen&#231;a de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular superior ou igual a 95%</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-06-0569-70171-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Curva de Kaplan-Meyer de mortalidade total (A) e de sobrevida livre de morte total ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o (B) estratificados por presen&#231;a de resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-06-0569-70171-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o ou mortalidade</title>
          <p>Durante o seguimento, 64 pacientes (37,6%) apresentaram morte ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICC. Os fatores independentemente associados &#224; mortalidade ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICC foram fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) (HR de 2,01; p = 0,03), DPOC (HR de 2,84; p = 0,01) e IAM pr&#233;vio (HR de 2,02; p = 0,03) ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t9">Tabela 4</xref>). De forma similar, um maior percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular tamb&#233;m foi fator protetor em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; mortalidade ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICC (HR de 0,97; p = 0,03). Nas Figuras 1B e 1D, respectivamente, pode ser vista a curva de sobrevida de acordo com a presen&#231;a de IAM pr&#233;vio e porcentagem de estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular na avalia&#231;&#227;o de 6 meses.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t9">
            <label>Tabela 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>An&#225;lise univariada e modelo de risco proporcional de Cox para desfecho de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o ou mortalidade total.</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3">An&#225;lise univariada</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3">An&#225;lise multivariada</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">HR</th>
                  <th align="center">95% CI</th>
                  <th align="center">p</th>
                  <th align="center">HR</th>
                  <th align="center">95% CI</th>
                  <th align="center">p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">FA Cr&#244;nica</td>
                  <td align="center">1,74</td>
                  <td align="center">1,05-2,86</td>
                  <td align="center">0,030</td>
                  <td align="center">2,01</td>
                  <td align="center">1,06-3,84</td>
                  <td align="center">0,03</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Idade</td>
                  <td align="center">1,03</td>
                  <td align="center">1,01-1,06</td>
                  <td align="center">0,002</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">DPOC</td>
                  <td align="center">2,73</td>
                  <td align="center">1,36-5,45</td>
                  <td align="center">0,004</td>
                  <td align="center">2,84</td>
                  <td align="center">1,27-6,37</td>
                  <td align="center">0,01</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BRD</td>
                  <td align="center">3,18</td>
                  <td align="center">1,56-6,47</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BRE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,51</td>
                  <td align="center">0,31-0,84</td>
                  <td align="center">0,008</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BIV.6m</td>
                  <td align="center">0,97</td>
                  <td align="center">0,95-0,99</td>
                  <td align="center">0,004</td>
                  <td align="center">0,97</td>
                  <td align="center">0,95-0,99</td>
                  <td align="center">0,035</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                  <td align="center">2,08</td>
                  <td align="center">1,26-3,45</td>
                  <td align="center">0,004</td>
                  <td align="center">2,02</td>
                  <td align="center">1,06-3,87</td>
                  <td align="center">0,03</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">QRS&gt;150</td>
                  <td align="center">0,65</td>
                  <td align="center">0,40-1,07</td>
                  <td align="center">0,095</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN22">
                <p>HR: "Hazard Ratio"; FA: fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial; DPOC: doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica; BRD: bloqueio de ramo direito; BRE: bloqueio de ramo esquerdo; BIV.6m: estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular em 6 meses; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica</title>
          <p>Conforme crit&#233;rios previamente descritos, 42 pacientes (59%) apresentaram resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica. Para esta an&#225;lise, avaliamos apenas aqueles pacientes que tinham dados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos antes e ap&#243;s TRC (n = 71). Na an&#225;lise multivariada de poss&#237;veis preditores de resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica ben&#233;fica, os fatores independentemente associados foram presen&#231;a de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE) (HR de 2,58; p = 0,03), maior percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular em 6 meses (HR de 1,12; p = 0,03) e aus&#234;ncia de insufici&#234;ncia mitral moderada a grave (HR de 6,43; p = 0,005), como pode ser visto na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Tabela 5</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t10">
            <label>Tabela 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>An&#225;lise univariada e multivariada para resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica ap&#243;s TRC</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3">An&#225;lise univariada</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3">An&#225;lise multivariada</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">RR</th>
                  <th align="center">95 % CI</th>
                  <th align="center">p</th>
                  <th align="center">RR</th>
                  <th align="center">95% CI</th>
                  <th align="center">p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Insuf. Mitral M&#237;n.<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN24">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">4,5</td>
                  <td align="center">1,24-16,25</td>
                  <td align="center">0,022</td>
                  <td align="center">6,43</td>
                  <td align="center">1.76-23,46</td>
                  <td align="center">0,005</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Insuf. Mitral leve<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN24">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">2,75</td>
                  <td align="center">0,74-10,13</td>
                  <td align="center">0,128</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">DPOC</td>
                  <td align="center">1,39</td>
                  <td align="center">0,85-2,25</td>
                  <td align="center">0,184</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Estreitamento QRS</td>
                  <td align="center">1,42</td>
                  <td align="center">0,84-2,40</td>
                  <td align="center">0,193</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BRE</td>
                  <td align="center">1,53</td>
                  <td align="center">0,94-2,49</td>
                  <td align="center">0,085</td>
                  <td align="center">2,58</td>
                  <td align="center">1,08-6,17</td>
                  <td align="center">0,03</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BIV.6m</td>
                  <td align="center">3,5</td>
                  <td align="center">1,27-9,67</td>
                  <td align="center">0,016</td>
                  <td align="center">1,12</td>
                  <td align="center">1,01-1,25</td>
                  <td align="center">0,030</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                  <td align="center">0,57</td>
                  <td align="center">0,35-0,93</td>
                  <td align="center">0,026</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Dura&#231;&#227;o QRS</td>
                  <td align="center">1,01</td>
                  <td align="center">0,99-1,017</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Atrio Esquerdo</td>
                  <td align="center">0,75</td>
                  <td align="center">0,55-1,02</td>
                  <td align="center">0,070</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">VSFVE</td>
                  <td align="center">1,01</td>
                  <td align="center">1,00-1,01</td>
                  <td align="center">0,042</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Fra&#231;&#227;o Eje&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">0,97</td>
                  <td align="center">0,95-0,99</td>
                  <td align="center">0,032</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN23">
                <p>RR: risco relativo; DPOC: doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica ; BRE: bloqueio de ramo esquerdo; BIV.6m: estimula&#231;&#227;o bi-ventricular em 6 meses; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; VSFVE: volume sist&#243;lico final de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. </p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN24">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>Compara&#231;&#227;o com insufici&#234;ncia mitral moderada a grave.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Al&#233;m disso, foi realizada an&#225;lise de sobrevida estratificada entre pacientes com e sem resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>). De forma interessante, os pacientes que apresentaram resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica tiveram um risco estatisticamente menor de mortalidade total e grande impacto no desfecho combinado de mortalidade e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC, com diferen&#231;a absoluta superior a 40% ap&#243;s 1.500 dias de seguimento.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resposta cl&#237;nica-classe funcional</title>
          <p>Foram analisados 101 pacientes nos quais foram disponibilizados dados relativos &#224; classe funcional em 12 meses. Identificamos que 71,3% dos pacientes apresentaram melhora de pelo menos 1 est&#225;gio de classe funcional no seguimento desse estudo. Os pacientes que apresentaram melhora na classe funcional apresentaram um risco 69% menor de mortalidade, conforme avaliado por regress&#227;o de Cox (HR de 0,31 para mortalidade; p = 0,006).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>O presente estudo avalia a efetividade da TRC na pr&#225;tica do dia-a-dia, em um centro cardiol&#243;gico de alta complexidade de um hospital terci&#225;rio p&#250;blico e universit&#225;rio no Brasil. Nossos dados demonstram taxa de mortalidade anual cumulativa semelhante &#224;quela observada em grandes ensaios cl&#237;nicos internacionais, bem como taxa de resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica ao redor de 60%. De forma consistente, tamb&#233;m encontramos que a taxa de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular foi importante preditor de desfechos cl&#237;nicos. No cen&#225;rio nacional, existem poucos estudos que se prop&#245;em a avaliar a evolu&#231;&#227;o de pacientes submetidos a TRC no mundo real, considerando as circunst&#226;ncias e peculiaridades do atendimento da IC. Neste contexto, nossos resultados s&#227;o importantes para avalia&#231;&#227;o da efetividade da TRC em &#226;mbitos local e nacional, permitindo aprimoramento na sele&#231;&#227;o de candidatos e no planejamento do melhor acompanhamento desses pacientes. Enfatizamos que esse estudo foi realizado apenas com pacientes do SUS, em um hospital terci&#225;rio, que recebe pacientes de todo o estado do Rio Grande do Sul para avalia&#231;&#227;o e tratamento. Dessa forma acreditamos que esse estudo representa com fidedignidade a realidade da maior parte dos pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC no nosso pa&#237;s.</p>
        <p>O nosso estudo incluiu maioria de pacientes com implante de CDI-TRC (80,6%) em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; TRC isolada. Este &#233; um estudo retrospectivo que avaliou todos os pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC isolada ou CDI-TRC no per&#237;odo avaliado. Como j&#225; descrito anteriormente, existem dados de custo-efetividade do implante de TRC no cen&#225;rio p&#250;blico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>O implante de TRC isolado &#233; custo-efetivo em pacientes do sistema p&#250;blico brasileiro, como demonstrou Bertoldi EG et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Esse autor demonstrou que para pacientes eleg&#237;veis para CDI o implante de CDI-TRC ainda &#233; marginalmente custo-efetivo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>Salientamos que todos os casos foram discutidos no Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia com participa&#231;&#227;o da equipe assistente e as condutas baseadas nas melhores pr&#225;ticas e evid&#234;ncias dispon&#237;veis no momento do implante.</p>
        <p>A mortalidade total nesta coorte foi de 30% em um seguimento m&#233;dio de 34 meses e de 21,2% em 2 anos de seguimento. Destacamos uma taxa baixa de mortalidade cardiovascular (15,3%), correspondendo a aproximadamente metade das mortes totais. Estes dados foram derivados do Servi&#231;o de Informa&#231;&#227;o de &#211;bito (SIM/RS) da Secretaria de Sa&#250;de do Rio Grande do Sul, que incorpora compulsoriamente todas as declara&#231;&#245;es de &#243;bito do estado. A mortalidade dos pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC do estudo CARE-HF em 1 e 2 anos foi de 9,2% e 18% respectivamente, sendo a mortalidade total de 20% em 29,4 meses,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> inferior &#224; que encontramos. Considerando a mortalidade em 2 anos os nossos dados s&#227;o pr&#243;ximos aos dados da mortalidade do CARE-HF nesse per&#237;odo. Embora a mortalidade total do nosso estudo seja maior do que a do CARE, a mortalidade cardiovascular do nosso estudo foi baixa (51% vs. 83% de mortalidade cardiovascular no do CARE-HF). Em estudo recentemente publicado realizado em um centro no Brasil, com pacientes inclu&#237;dos entre 2008 e 2013, a mortalidade total foi de 25% (29/116) durante seguimento de 34 &#177; 17 meses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>No presente estudo, os preditores independentes de mortalidade total foram: idade, DPOC e IAM pr&#233;vio. Idade avan&#231;ada e comorbidades cl&#237;nicas s&#227;o sistematicamente identificados como preditores de desfechos cl&#237;nicos em pacientes com IC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Diversos estudos pr&#233;vios j&#225; demonstram que o paciente com IC de etiologia isqu&#234;mica apresenta pior resposta &#224; TRC, presumivelmente relacionada &#224; presen&#231;a de cicatrizes fibr&#243;ticas extensas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> A despeito disso, existem pacientes isqu&#234;micos que respondem adequadamente &#224; TRC, e esfor&#231;os t&#234;m sido empregados para identifica&#231;&#227;o de fatores que possam identificar maior probabilidade de resposta. A identifica&#231;&#227;o de &#225;reas card&#237;acas com maior atraso mec&#226;nico e/ou el&#233;trico, antes e durante o implante do ressincronizador, atrav&#233;s de ecocardiografia ou atrav&#233;s da mensura&#231;&#227;o direta, pode ajudar a refinar a indica&#231;&#227;o de TRC nos pacientes isqu&#234;micos e n&#227;o isqu&#234;micos. Alguns estudos atuais j&#225; t&#234;m apresentado resultados preliminares no emprego dessas t&#233;cnicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> O uso da resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica nuclear card&#237;aca tamb&#233;m pode ajudar a evitar cicatrizes e pode melhorar a taxa de resposta &#224; TRC, particularmente nos pacientes isqu&#234;micos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> havendo relatos de &#225;reas cicatriciais mais extensas entre os n&#227;o-respondedores.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Adicionalmente, observamos que o percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular avaliado em 6 meses p&#243;s-implante foi associado a maior sobrevida. Existem dados consistentes na literatura que apontam na mesma dire&#231;&#227;o. Recomenda-se que o percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular deva ser o m&#225;ximo poss&#237;vel, idealmente perto de 100%, o que se associaria a uma maior probabilidade de melhora cl&#237;nica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> Estes achados refor&#231;am o conceito de que profissionais que lidam com pacientes com ICC avan&#231;ada devam estar atentos e acompanhando periodicamente os pacientes no p&#243;s-implante para obter o maior benef&#237;cio cl&#237;nico poss&#237;vel. Existem situa&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas, como a presen&#231;a ou surgimento de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial e ectopias, por exemplo, que podem diminuir significativamente a taxa de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular, reduzindo a chance de resposta cl&#237;nica. Nesse estudo podemos observar claramente que pacientes com percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular elevado (especialmente quando &#8805; 95%) tiveram redu&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade total e do desfecho combinado de morte e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICC. Nossos dados sugerem que para cada 1% a mais de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular, observamos redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de mortalidade em 2,8%, independente de outros fatores. Esse resultado foi observado mesmo considerando que a m&#233;dia de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular dos nossos pacientes j&#225; era relativamente alta. Portanto, nossos dados est&#227;o de acordo com estudos pr&#233;vios e confirmam o conceito vigente de "quanto maior a estimula&#231;&#227;o melhor ser&#225; a resposta". Al&#233;m disso, existem outros ajustes potenciais relativos &#224; temporiza&#231;&#227;o dos est&#237;mulos em ventr&#237;culos direito e esquerdo e sua rela&#231;&#227;o com achados eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos, que n&#227;o foram poss&#237;veis de serem realizados nesse estudo por se tratar de uma coorte retrospectiva.</p>
        <p>Destacamos que a popula&#231;&#227;o estudada concorda com os crit&#233;rios de indica&#231;&#227;o vigentes no momento do implante, visto ser uma terapia onerosa e pouco dispon&#237;vel no nosso meio. Considerando que 61% dos pacientes apresentavam BRE e em torno de 20% dos pacientes eram portadores marcapasso com estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular e piora da classe funcional, o que tamb&#233;m &#233; uma indica&#231;&#227;o precisa de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, ao todo aproximadamente 82% dos pacientes tinham BRE ou estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular pelo marcapasso.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Avaliamos tamb&#233;m os desfechos composto de mortalidade e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICC, al&#233;m de resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica. Quanto ao desfecho composto de mortalidade e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICC, os preditores cl&#237;nicos foram FA, DPOC e IAM pr&#233;vio. A estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular, de forma consistente, foi fator protetor. Nos pacientes caracterizados com resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica ben&#233;fica (remodelamento reverso) nesse estudo (aumento de FEVE e/ou redu&#231;&#227;o de volume sist&#243;lico), a mortalidade foi significativamente menor. Os principais preditores de resposta &#224; TRC, j&#225; relatados na literatura, s&#227;o sexo feminino, etiologia n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica da ICC, presen&#231;a de BRE e QRS &#8805; 150 ms.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> No nosso estudo o percentual de resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica foi de 59,1% com 40,9% de n&#227;o respondedores, o que estaria compat&#237;vel com a faixa de 30-40% de n&#227;o respondedores relatados na literatura. Dados de 15 estudos agrupados em artigo recente demonstraram uma taxa de resposta cl&#237;nica de 67% e em sub-an&#225;lise do estudo PROSPECT a taxa de resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica foi de 57%, com 43% de n&#227;o respondedores.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> As vari&#225;veis independentemente associadas &#224; resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica na nossa an&#225;lise foram aus&#234;ncia de insufici&#234;ncia mitral, presen&#231;a de BRE e estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular. Enfatizamos que o percentual de pacientes com melhora cl&#237;nica sintom&#225;tica em 12 meses, avaliada pela classe funcional da NYHA, foi de 71,3%. Dessa forma, considerando-se a melhora da classe funcional como crit&#233;rio de resposta, tivemos 28,7% de n&#227;o respondedores &#224; TRC. Assim como no estudo de Boidol et al, a melhora da classe funcional est&#225; significativamente correlacionada com diminui&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade, o que confere maior valor a esse crit&#233;rio de resposta, embora de car&#225;ter subjetivo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>De uma forma geral, o presente estudo confirma v&#225;rios achados da literatura e pode nos ajudar a selecionar pacientes candidatos &#224; TRC no contexto nacional. Deve-se salientar que ap&#243;s o implante de ressincronizador deve ser mantido contato pr&#243;ximo, com revis&#245;es frequentes para avalia&#231;&#227;o e poss&#237;veis ajustes, como, por exemplo, interven&#231;&#245;es para otimizar o percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular. Essas interven&#231;&#245;es podem ser medicamentosas ou atrav&#233;s de procedimentos como, por exemplo, a abla&#231;&#227;o do n&#243; AV em pacientes com fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, o que permitir&#225; percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular estar pr&#243;ximo de 100%.</p>
        <p>As principais limita&#231;&#245;es desse estudo referem-se a poss&#237;veis vi&#233;ses de informa&#231;&#227;o, visto se tratar de estudo retrospectivo de revis&#227;o de prontu&#225;rio com taxa n&#227;o ideal de informa&#231;&#245;es inexistentes. Em especial, tivemos n&#250;mero limitado de pacientes com dados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos adequados antes e ap&#243;s implante do ressincronizador (71), e um "missing" de 69 pacientes na avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da classe funcional. Muitos pacientes n&#227;o fizeram exames de controle ou os fizeram em outros locais diferentes, no hospital de refer&#234;ncia. Esse &#233; um estudo retrospectivo de vida real, com pacientes do sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de nacional, o que o torna relevante no contexto regional e nacional. Limita&#231;&#245;es na coleta de dados desse tipo de estudo s&#227;o um grande problema de log&#237;stica, mas acreditamos que o nosso trabalho possa ainda representar amostra fidedigna da nossa popula&#231;&#227;o, at&#233; mesmo porque os resultados obtidos s&#227;o coerentes, &#224; despeito do "missing" de dados.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>A mortalidade nos pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC em hospital terci&#225;rio no sul do Brasil foi independentemente associada &#224; idade, presen&#231;a de DPOC e IAM pr&#233;vio. O percentual de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular avaliado 6 meses ap&#243;s o implante do ressincronizador foi independentemente associado &#224; melhora da sobrevida e menor risco do desfecho combinado de morte e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o. Resposta ecocardiogr&#225;fica adequada, aferida por ind&#237;cios de remodelamento reverso, tamb&#233;m foi associada a menor risco de mortalidade total e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICC.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Guilherme Ferreira Gazzoni pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
