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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.6" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">6kchKf4V5bvhcB9KBCMNf5f</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2017001400495</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170109</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation with Embolic Protection System in a Patient with Left Ventricle Apical Thrombus</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Gon&#231;alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Sara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Caeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Vasco Gama</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Vila Nova de Gaia</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Divino Espirito Santo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ponta Delgada</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Jo&#227;o Gon&#231;alves Almeida</bold> Rua Concei&#231;&#227;o Fernandes. 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. E-mail: <email>joaotgalmeida@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Acquisition of data: Almeida JG, Ferreira S, Caeiro D; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Almeida JG, Ferreira S; Writing of the manuscript: Almeida JG; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Almeida JG, Ferreira S, Caeiro D, Ribeiro J; Supervision: Ribeiro J, Ribeiro VG.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>109</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>495</fpage>
      <lpage>496</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation</kwd>
        <kwd>Embolic Protection Devices</kwd>
        <kwd>Shock, Cardiogenic</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A 68-year-old woman was admitted in our acute cardiac care unit due to cardiogenic shock. The transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed severe aortic stenosis, severe left ventricle (LV) systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction 20%) and a large apical thrombus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1A-B</xref>). We performed an emergent percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1C</xref>). During the procedure, the coronary angiography revealed no epicardial coronary disease (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1D</xref>). Despite some mild clinical and hemodynamic improvement (mean gradient reduced from 40 to 30 mmHg), she remained in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV.</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>A) Four-chamber view from the admission TTE (arrow: apical thrombus); B) Colour Doppler showing turbulent flow through the aortic valve in parasternal long-axis view; C) Percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty; D) Left coronary angiography; E) TEE showing the large apical thrombus (arrow); F) Embolic protection system deployment (arrows: filters); G) Angiography after TAV implantation; H) Embolic filters with particulate debris; I) Three-chamber view from a TTE, 3-months after the procedure. TTE: transthoracic echocardiography; TEE: transoesophageal echocardiography; TAV: transcatheter aortic valve.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-05-0495-70109-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>The case was discussed by our heart team and she was considered to be at high operative risk (Society of Thoracic Surgery score 12%; EUROSCORE II 15%). Therefore, we have decided to implant a transcatheter aortic valve (TAVI) using an embolic protection system. Aortic annulus sizing was performed intra-procedure using transoesophageal echocardiography, which also showed the apical thrombus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1E</xref>). Firstly, the Sentinel Cerebral Protection System (Claret Medical, Inc) was deployed through right radial access (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1F</xref>). Afterwards, a 26 mm Edwards Sapien 3 TAV (Edwards Lifesciences Corporation) was implanted by transfemoral approach (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1G</xref>). The procedure went without complications and the patient showed remarkable clinical and hemodynamic improvement, being discharged 11 days after TAVI, medicated with warfarin. In the one-year follow-up, the patient was in NYHA class I, TTE showed normally functioning TAV, improvement of the LV function (40%) and no evidence of apical thrombus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1I</xref>).</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Implanta&#231;&#227;o de V&#225;lvula A&#243;rtica Percut&#226;nea com Sistema de Prote&#231;&#227;o Emb&#243;lico em Paciente com Trombo Apical no Ventr&#237;culo Esquerdo</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Gon&#231;alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Sara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Caeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Vasco Gama</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Jo&#227;o Gon&#231;alves Almeida</bold> Rua Concei&#231;&#227;o Fernandes. 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. E-mail: <email>joaotgalmeida@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa and Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Almeida JG, Ferreira S, Caeiro D; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Almeida JG, Ferreira S; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Almeida JG; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Almeida JG, Ferreira S, Caeiro D, Ribeiro J; Supervis&#227;o: Ribeiro J, Ribeiro VG..</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Implante de Pr&#243;tese de Valva Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Dispositivos de Prote&#231;&#227;o Emb&#243;lica</kwd>
        <kwd>Choque Cardiog&#234;nico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Uma mulher de 68 anos de idade foi internada em nossa unidade de cuidados intensivos card&#237;acos devido a choque cardiog&#234;nico. A ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica (ETT) mostrou estenose a&#243;rtica grave, disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica grave do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o 20%) e trombo apical grande (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1A-B</xref>). Realizou-se uma valvuloplastia percut&#226;nea de bal&#227;o a&#243;rtico emergente (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1C</xref>). Durante o procedimento, a angiografia coronariana n&#227;o revelou doen&#231;a coronariana epic&#225;rdica (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1D</xref>). Apesar de alguma melhora cl&#237;nica e hemodin&#226;mica leve (gradiente m&#233;dio reduzido de 40 para 30mmHg), ela permaneceu na NYHA (New York Heart Association) classe IV.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>A) Vis&#227;o de quatro c&#226;maras a partir do ETT de admiss&#227;o (seta: trombo apical); B) Doppler colorido mostrando fluxo turbulento atrav&#233;s da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica na vis&#227;o paraesternal de longo eixo; C) Valvuloplastia percut&#226;nea por bal&#227;o a&#243;rtico; D) Angiografia coron&#225;ria esquerda; E) EET mostrando o grande trombo apical (seta); F) Implementa&#231;&#227;o do sistema de prote&#231;&#227;o emb&#243;lica (setas: filtros); G) Angiografia ap&#243;s implante de VAT; H) Filtros emb&#243;licos com detritos em part&#237;culas; I) Vis&#227;o de tr&#234;s c&#226;maras a partir de um ETT, 3 meses ap&#243;s o procedimento. ETT: ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica; ETE: ecocardiografia transesof&#225;gica; VAT: v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica transcat&#233;ter.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-05-0495-70109-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>O caso foi discutido por nossa equipe card&#237;aca e foi considerado de alto risco operat&#243;rio (escore da Sociedade de Cirurgia Tor&#225;cica 12%, EUROSCORE II 15%). Portanto, decidimos implantar uma v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica transcat&#233;ter (VAT) usando um sistema de prote&#231;&#227;o emb&#243;lica. O dimensionamento do anel a&#243;rtico foi realizado intra-procedimento utilizando ecocardiografia transesof&#225;gica, que tamb&#233;m mostrou trombo apical (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1E</xref>). Em primeiro lugar, o Sistema de Prote&#231;&#227;o Cerebral Sentinel (Claret Medical, Inc) foi implantado atrav&#233;s do acesso radial direito (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1F</xref>). Posteriormente, foi implantado um Edwards Sapien 3 VAT de 26 mm. (Edwards Lifesciences Corporation) por via transfemoral (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1G</xref>). O procedimento foi sem complica&#231;&#245;es e o paciente apresentou not&#225;vel melhora cl&#237;nica e hemodin&#226;mica, sendo dispensado 11 dias ap&#243;s IVAT, medicado com varfarina. No seguimento de um ano, o paciente estava em NYHA classe I, ETT mostrou VAT funcionando normalmente, melhora da fun&#231;&#227;o do VE (40%) e aus&#234;ncia de trombo apical (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1I</xref>).</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
