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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.6" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">GVFhDxcdbbYMDXSMNH3tmpf</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2017000900213</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2017005014101</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170099</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Single Derivation Fragmented QRS Can Predict Poor Prognosis in Successfully Revascularized Acute STEMI Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tanriverdi</surname>
            <given-names>Zulkif</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dursun</surname>
            <given-names>Huseyin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Colluoglu</surname>
            <given-names>Tugce</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kaya</surname>
            <given-names>Dayimi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Balikligol State Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Clinic of Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Balikligol State Hospital - Clinic of Cardiology, Turkey</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Dokuz Eylul University</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculty of Medicine</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Department of Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Dokuz Eylul University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Cardiology, Turkey</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Dokuz Eyl&#252;l University</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Zulkif Tanriverdi,</bold> Balikligol State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey. E-mail: <email>ztverdi@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Tanriverdi Z, Dursun H, Colluoglu T, Kaya D; Acquisition of data: Tanriverdi Z, Colluoglu T, Kaya D; Statistical analysis: Tanriverdi Z, Dursun H; Writing of the manuscript: Tanriverdi Z, Kaya D.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>109</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>213</fpage>
      <lpage>221</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>QRS fragmentation (fQRS) is classically defined as the presence of slurred QRS morphology in at least two contiguous leads, and its prognostic importance has been shown in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, no study has investigated the significance of single lead fQRS (sl-fQRS) in surface electrocardiography (ECG).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To evaluate whether sl-fQRS is as valuable as classical fQRS in patients with acute STEMI who had successful revascularization with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>We included 330 patients with a first STEMI who had been successfully revascularized with pPCI. The patient&#8217;s electrocardiography was obtained in the first 48 hours, and the patients were divided into three groups according to the absence of fQRS (no-fQRS); fQRS presence in a single lead (sl-fQRS); and &#8805;2 leads with fQRS (classical fQRS).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>In-hospital mortality was significantly higher both in patients with sl-fQRS and in patients with &#8805; 2 leads with fQRS compared to patients with no-fQRS. In ROC curve analysis, &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS yielded a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 57.4% for the prediction of in-hospital mortality. Multivariate analysis showed that sl-fQRS is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR: 3.989, 95% CI: 1.237-12.869, p = 0.021).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>Although the concept of at least two derivations is mentioned for the classical definition of fQRS, our study showed that fQRS in only one lead is also associated with poor outcomes. Therefore, &#8805;1 leads with fQRS can be useful when describing the patients under high cardiac risk in acute STEMI.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospital Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Revascularization</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>The main therapeutic strategy for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the rapid restoration of epicardial blood flow in the infarct related artery (IRA). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the most effective and recommended therapeutic intervention for the reperfusion strategy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Studies have shown that successful angiographic reperfusion, which is defined as Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 3 flow in IRA, is associated with good outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Nevertheless, despite successful restoration of epicardial blood flow by pPCI, an important proportion of acute STEMI patients still continue to be at substantial risk because some amount of myocardial necrosis is inevitable. Therefore, there is a need for additional prognostic indicators.</p>
      <p>The presence of slurred QRS morphology in at least two contiguous leads is accepted as the classical definition of fQRS on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> This includes an additional R wave (R&#8217;), notching of the R wave, notching of the downstroke or upstroke of the S wave, or more than one R' (fragmentation).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> It originates from inhomogeneous ventricular activation due to ischemic and/or injured myocardium and develops mostly within 48 hours during acute myocardial infarction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> The clinical significance of fQRS has been investigated in several studies, and the presence of fQRS was found to be associated with increased mortality, myocardial scarring, cardiac arrhythmias, and adverse cardiac events.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Although the relationship between the presence of fQRS in at least two contiguous leads and adverse clinical outcomes is well known in patients with acute myocardial infarction,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> the importance of fQRS in only one lead (single lead fQRS, sl-fQRS) in acute STEMI patients who underwent a successful pPCI has not been studied yet. The aim of our study is to investigate whether sl-fQRS is of prognostic importance in patients with acute STEMI who achieved TIMI 3 flow by pPCI.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Patient selection</title>
        <p>This study was conducted at Dokuz Eylul University Hospital between January 1, 2009, and June 1, 2014. Patients who had been admitted to the coronary intensive care unit with the diagnosis of first acute STEMI and had undergone a successfully pPCI were retrospectively evaluated. Current guidelines were used for the diagnosis of acute STEMI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Patients who were admitted with acute STEMI for the first time and successfully revascularized with pPCI in our clinic were included in this study. Successful revascularization was defined as post PCI TIMI 3 flow in the IRA, with a residual stenosis &lt; 20%, and absence of stent thrombosis, repeat PCI, coronary dissection/rupture, or death. 24 patients with complete bundle branch block, 10 patients with incomplete right bundle branch block and 2 patients with pacemaker rhythm were excluded from the study. Also, patients who were known to have fQRS prior to STEMI, those with QRS duration &#8805; 120 milliseconds, previous history of coronary artery bypass surgery, and patients who did not show TIMI 3 flow after pPCI were excluded from the study. As a result, 330 eligible patients were included in this study. The study was approved by the local ethics committee and study protocol complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Electrocardiography</title>
        <p>Twelve-lead ECG was obtained at 25 mm/s paper speed, with a 0.16-100 Hz filter range and 10 mm/mV height from all patients in supine position, on admission, after pPCI, and at the 24<sup>th</sup> and 48<sup>th</sup> hours after admission to hospital. Routine ECG analyses were performed with the naked eye and without using any magnification by two independent clinicians. Pre-PCI sum of ST elevations and post-PCI sum of ST elevations were measured, and the percentage of total ST resolution (STR) calculated.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> Fragmented QRS was defined by the presence of various RSR&#8217; patterns (QRS duration &lt; 120 ms) with or without Q wave, which include an additional R wave (R&#8217; prime) or notching of the R wave or S wave, or the presence of more than one R' (fragmentation) without typical bundle branch block.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> The presence of these criteria in two or more contiguous leads was required for the classical definition of fQRS. However, we also investigated the patients who had the criteria of a single derivation, and we divided the patients into three groups according to the fQRS derivation numbers at 48th hours: absence of fQRS in any lead (no-fQRS), its presence in a single lead (sl-fQRS) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1A</xref>), and its presence in two or more contiguous leads (classical fQRS) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1B</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>A) ECG example of single lead fQRS in a patient with anterior MI. B) ECG example of &#8805; 2 leads with fQRS in a patient with inferior MI.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-03-0213-70099-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Coronary angiography</title>
        <p>Coronary angiography and PCI procedures were performed at the catheterization laboratory through the femoral/radial artery using the standard Judkins technique. Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies before PCI were given to all patients according to current guideline.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Angiographic data was assessed by two independent cardiologists. TIMI flow grading system was used to evaluate blood flow in the IRA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Patients who achieved TIMI 3 flow after pPCI were included in this study. The presence of stenosis &#8805; 50% in the left main coronary artery and &#8805; 70% in the other major epicardial coronary arteries was considered critical stenosis.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine normality of distribution. Continuous variables were tested for normal distribution using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Continuous variables were expressed as the mean &#177; standard deviation, and categorical variables were expressed as percentages. Continuous variables were compared with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A posteriori tests were performed after ANOVA to study differences between groups. Categorical variables were compared with chi-square or Fisher&#8217;s exact tests. Correlation analysis between continuous variables was done by Pearson&#8217;s method. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the best cut-off number of the leads with fQRS in the prediction of in-hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. A P value of &lt; 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>Three hundred-thirty patients who underwent a successful pPCI were included in this study. Baseline characteristics of patients are listed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Baseline characteristics of patients</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="50%"/>
            <col width="50%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">(n = 330)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age (years)</td>
              <td align="center">60.2 &#177; 13.2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Gender M/F</td>
              <td align="center">259/71</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Hypertension (%)</td>
              <td align="center">151 (45.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes Mellitus (%)</td>
              <td align="center">77 (23.3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Chest pain duration on admission (min.)</td>
              <td align="center">169.5 &#177; 184.3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Door to balloon time (min.)</td>
              <td align="center">21.5 &#177; 4.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LVEF (%)</td>
              <td align="center">40.8 &#177; 8.7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Maximum CK-MB</td>
              <td align="center">145.2 &#177; 103.3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Maximum Troponin</td>
              <td align="center">38.2 &#177; 23.7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Number of STE derivations</td>
              <td align="center">5.0 &#177; 1.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Number of STD derivations</td>
              <td align="center">3.1 &#177; 1.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No leads with fQRS (%)</td>
              <td align="center">179 (54.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">One lead with fQRS (%)</td>
              <td align="center">45 (13.6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 2 leads with fQRS (%)</td>
              <td align="center">106 (32.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Mean number of leads with fQRS</td>
              <td align="center">1.2 &#177; 1.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>MI localization</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Anterior (%)</td>
              <td align="center">178 (53.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Non-anterior (%)</td>
              <td align="center">152 (46.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Pre-PCI sum of STE</td>
              <td align="center">10.6 &#177; 7.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Post-PCI sum of STE</td>
              <td align="center">3.7 &#177; 3.1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">STR ratio (%)</td>
              <td align="center">65.1 &#177; 25.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Infarct-related artery</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LAD (%)</td>
              <td align="center">178 (53.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">CX (%)</td>
              <td align="center">53 (16.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">RCA (%)</td>
              <td align="center">99 (30)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Stent type</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">BMS (%)</td>
              <td align="center">94 (28.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">DES (%)</td>
              <td align="center">236 (71.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors (%)</td>
              <td align="center">29 (8.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Number of vessels with critical stenosis</td>
              <td align="center">1.8 &#177; 0.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Three-vessel disease (%)</td>
              <td align="center">80 (24.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">In-hospital mortality (%)</td>
              <td align="center">32 (9.7)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>BMS: bare metal stent; CK-MB: creatinine kinase-MB; CX: circumflex artery; DES: drug eluting stent; F: female; fQRS: Fragmented QRS; LAD: left anterior descending artery; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; M, male; MI, myocardial infarction; min, minute; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA, right coronary artery; STD, ST depression; STE: ST elevation; STR, ST resolution.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Our study group was divided into three groups according to the number of leads with fQRS: no lead with fQRS; only one lead with fQRS; and &#8805; 2 leads with fQRS. The higher number of leads with fQRS on surface ECG was significantly related with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p &lt; 0.001), lower STR ratio (p &lt; 0.001), higher maximum CK-MB and troponin (p &lt; 0.001 and p&lt; 0.001), higher number of vessels with critical stenosis (p &lt; 0.001), higher frequency of three-vessel disease (p &lt; 0.001), and higher rate of in-hospital mortality (p = 0.002) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Comparison of clinical, electrocardiographic, and angiographic characteristics of patients according to the number of leads with fQRS</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">no-fQRS (n = 179)</th>
              <th align="center">sl-fQRS (n = 45)</th>
              <th align="center">Classical fQRS (n = 106)</th>
              <th align="center">p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age (years)</td>
              <td align="center">59.7 &#177; 13.1</td>
              <td align="center">57.9 &#177; 14.3</td>
              <td align="center">62.1 &#177; 12.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.149</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Gender M/F</td>
              <td align="center">140/39</td>
              <td align="center">35/10</td>
              <td align="center">84/22</td>
              <td align="center">0.972</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Hypertension (%)</td>
              <td align="center">77 (43)</td>
              <td align="center">20 (44.4)</td>
              <td align="center">54 (50.9)</td>
              <td align="center">0.423</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes Mellitus (%)</td>
              <td align="center">34 (19)</td>
              <td align="center">12 (26.7)</td>
              <td align="center">31 (29.2)</td>
              <td align="center">0.120</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Duration of chest pain on admission (min.)</td>
              <td align="center">159.9 &#177; 174.2</td>
              <td align="center">172.7 &#177; 155.7</td>
              <td align="center">184.4 &#177; 210.7</td>
              <td align="center">0.550</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Door to balloon time (min.)</td>
              <td align="center">21.5 &#177; 4.7</td>
              <td align="center">21.6 &#177; 5.2</td>
              <td align="center">21.4 &#177; 4.2</td>
              <td align="center">0.986</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LVEF (%)</td>
              <td align="center">44.7 &#177; 7.5</td>
              <td align="center">41.0 &#177; 8.6</td>
              <td align="center">34.2 &#177; 6.4</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Max. CK-MB (ng/ml)</td>
              <td align="center">111.1 &#177; 84.9</td>
              <td align="center">122.4 &#177; 89.9</td>
              <td align="center">212.3 &#177; 105.3</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Max. Troponin (ng/ml)</td>
              <td align="center">29.2 &#177; 18.3</td>
              <td align="center">38.9 &#177; 24.0</td>
              <td align="center">53.2 &#177; 24.1</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Number of STE derivation</td>
              <td align="center">5.1 &#177; 1.6</td>
              <td align="center">4.9 &#177; 1.8</td>
              <td align="center">4.9 &#177; 1.6</td>
              <td align="center">0.785</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Number of STD derivation</td>
              <td align="center">3.0 &#177; 1.7</td>
              <td align="center">3.0 &#177; 1.6</td>
              <td align="center">3.2 &#177; 1.6</td>
              <td align="center">0.632</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Mean number of leads with fQRS</td>
              <td align="center">0.0 &#177; 0.0</td>
              <td align="center">1.0 &#177; 0.0</td>
              <td align="center">3.3 &#177; 1.6</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>MI localization (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Anterior</td>
              <td align="center">103 (57.5)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (46.7)</td>
              <td align="center">54 (50.9)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.320</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Non-Anterior</td>
              <td align="center">76 (42.5)</td>
              <td align="center">24 (53.3)</td>
              <td align="center">52 (49.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">STR ratio (%)</td>
              <td align="center">74.9 &#177; 15.5</td>
              <td align="center">63.9 &#177; 28.3</td>
              <td align="center">49.1 &#177; 28.0</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Stent type</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">BMS (%)</td>
              <td align="center">59 (33)</td>
              <td align="center">12 (26.7)</td>
              <td align="center">23 (21.7)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.121</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">DES (%)</td>
              <td align="center">120 (67)</td>
              <td align="center">33 (73.3)</td>
              <td align="center">83 (78.3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors (%)</td>
              <td align="center">17 (9.5)</td>
              <td align="center">4 (8.9)</td>
              <td align="center">8 (7.5)</td>
              <td align="center">0.854</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Number of vessels with critical stenosis (%)</td>
              <td align="center">1.5 &#177; 0.7</td>
              <td align="center">1.8 &#177; 0.8</td>
              <td align="center">2.2 &#177; 0.8</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Three-vessel disease (%)</td>
              <td align="center">17 (9.5)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (24.4)</td>
              <td align="center">52 (49.1)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">In-hospital mortality (%)</td>
              <td align="center">8 (4.5)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (13.3)</td>
              <td align="center">18 (17)</td>
              <td align="center">0.002</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>BMS: bare metal stent; Classical fQRS, &#8805; 2 leads with fQRS; CK-MB: creatinine kinase MB; DES: drug-eluting stent; F: female; fQRS: Fragmented QRS; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; M: male; MI: myocardial infarction; min: minute; QRS; sl-fQRS, Single lead fragmented QRS; STD: ST depression; STE: ST elevation; STR: ST resolution</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>ANOVA and Chi-square tests were performed to study differences among the three groups. A posteriori test (Tukey) was performed after ANOVA to study between group differences for no-fQRS vs. sl-fQRS, no-fQRS vs. classical fQRS and sl-fQRS vs. classical fQRS.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>To better elucidate the importance of sl-fQRS, these patients were compared to those with no-fQRS and those with &#8805; 2 leads with fQRS. Patients with sl-fQRS had a lower LVEF (41.0 &#177; 8.6 vs. 44.7 &#177; 7.5, p = 0.007), a lower ratio of STR (63.9 &#177; 28.3 vs. 74.9 &#177; 15.5, p = 0.009), higher maximum troponin levels (38.9 &#177; 24.0 vs. 29.2 &#177; 18.3, p = 0.019), and a higher rate of three-vessel disease (24.4% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.007) than patients with no-fQRS. Similarly, patients with &#8805; 2 leads with fQRS also had a lower LVEF, a lower ratio of STR, higher maximum troponin levels, and a higher rate of three-vessel disease than patients with sl-fQRS (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). Hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with sl-fQRS compared to patients with no-fQRS (13.3% vs 4.5%, p = 0.039), but it was not different between in patients with sl-fQRS and those with &#8805; 2 leads with fQRS (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Comparisons among groups in terms of LVEF, maximum troponin, ST resolution, and the frequency of three-vessel disease. LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; fQRS: Fragmented QRS.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-03-0213-70099-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Comparisons among groups in terms of in-hospital mortality.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-03-0213-70099-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Correlation analysis showed that as the number of fQRS derivations increased, maximum troponin (r = 0.389, p &lt; 0.001) and the number of vessels with critical stenosis (r = 0.399, p &lt; 0.001) increased significantly; conversely, STR (r = -0.506, p &lt; 0.001) and LVEF (r = -0.520, p &lt; 0.001) decreased significantly.</p>
      <p>In ROC curve analysis, &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS yielded an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.707 (95% CI: 0.605-0.809, p &lt; 0.001), which demonstrated a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 57.4% for the prediction of in-hospital mortality (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4A</xref>). When our study group was divided into two groups according to this cut-off value, in-hospital mortality was significantly higher for the group with &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4B</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f4">
          <label>Figure 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>A) ROC curve to determine the best cut-off for number of leads with fQRS in the prediction of in-hospital mortality. B) In-hospital mortality rate in no-fQRS and &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS groups.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-03-0213-70099-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Sl-fQRS (odds ratio [OR]: 3.989, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.237-12.869, p = 0.021), &#8805; 2 leads with fQRS (OR: 4.298, 95% CI: 1.739-10.618, p = 0.002), and age (OR: 1.074, 95% CI: 1.039-1.110, p &lt; 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of in-hospital mortality (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>). When patients were included as no-fQRS and &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS in another model, age (OR: 1.076, 95% CI: 1.041-1.113, &lt; 0.001) and &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS (OR: 4.429, 95% CI: 1.851-10.595, p = 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Multivariate logistic regression analysis showing the independent predictors of in hospital mortality</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">Predictors</th>
              <th align="center">OR</th>
              <th align="center">95% CI</th>
              <th align="center">p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="3">Model 1<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">Age</td>
              <td align="center">1.074</td>
              <td align="center">1.039-1.110</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">sl-fQRS</td>
              <td align="center">3.989</td>
              <td align="center">1.237-12.869</td>
              <td align="center">0.021</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">&#8805; 2 leads with fQRS</td>
              <td align="center">4.298</td>
              <td align="center">1.739-10.618</td>
              <td align="center">0.002</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">Model 2<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
              <td align="center">Age</td>
              <td align="center">1.076</td>
              <td align="center">1.041-1.113</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">&#8805; 1 leads with fQRS</td>
              <td align="center">4.429</td>
              <td align="center">1.851-10.595</td>
              <td align="center">0.001</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <p>&#946;, &#946; coefficient; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; SE: Standard error.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN5">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Entered variables: Age, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Duration of chest pain on admission, Door to balloon time, Stent type, CK-MB, Troponin, Number of ST elevated and ST depressed derivations, MI localization, sl-fQRS, &#8805; 2 leads with fQRS, Number of affected lesion narrowness &gt;70%, ST segment resolution score.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN6">
            <label>&#8224;</label>
            <p>Entered variables: Age, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Duration of chest pain on admission, Door to balloon time, Stent type, CK-MB, Troponin, Number of ST elevated and ST depressed derivations, MI localization, &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS, Number of affected lesion narrowness &gt;70%, ST segment resolution score.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The main finding of our study was that in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with sl-fQRS compared to patients with no-fQRS. In addition, LVEF and STR ratio were significantly lower, whereas maximum troponin levels and frequency of three-vessel disease were significantly higher in patients with sl-fQRS than in those with no-fQRS. Our study showed that sl-fQRS and/or &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality even if TIMI grade 3 flow is achieved by primary PCI in acute STEMI patients.</p>
      <p>Significant QRS fragmentation on surface ECG was defined as the presence of slurred QRS morphology in two or more contiguous leads, and only one lead with fQRS was not accepted as the presence of fQRS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Therefore, the importance of the presence of fQRS at &#8805; 2 lead has usually been investigated in studies, and it has been found to predict poor prognostic events in acute STEMI patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> The importance of fQRS has also been investigated in coronary artery disease and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy in a previous meta-analysis conducted by Rosengarten et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> They also used the classical definiton for the presence of fQRS and excluded studies which used an alternative definition for fQRS. They found that fQRS was associated with all-cause mortality and the occurrence of sudden cardiac death. However, we think this classic definition may lead to overlook some patients who actually have high risk. That is because there is no study showing the importance of the presence of fQRS in a single derivation in patients with acute STEMI. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first study that demonstrated the significance of sl-fQRS in acute STEMI patients who underwent a successful pPCI.</p>
      <p>It is known that final TIMI &#8804; 2 flow after pPCI is strongly associated with poor outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Therefore, these patients were not included in our study to avoid the effect of TIMI &#8804; 2 flow on mortality. All patients in our study are the patients who underwent a successful pPCI, which means that these patients had lower necrotic myocardium so that angiographic TIMI 3 flow had been achieved. Despite successful revascularization with pPCI, in-hospital mortality rate of our study was 9.7%. This may be due to the small number of patients with respect to the current volume of pPCI and relatively higher rate of anterior MI (53.9%).</p>
      <p>Clinical features, duration of chest pain, and MI localization were similar in the three groups. However, we found that in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with sl-fQRS compared to patients with no-fQRS, and &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS yielded a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 57.4% for the prediction of in-hospital mortality. In addition, sl-fQRS was independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. As we showed that sl-fQRS was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, we constructed a new regression model, in which patients were included as no-fQRS and &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS. We found that &#8805; 1 lead with fQRS was independent predictor of mortality. More importantly, the odds ratio of &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS (4.429) was higher than odds ratio of &#8805; 2 leads with fQRS (4.298). Although previous studies showed the presence of fQRS in two or more contiguous leads was associated with increased in-hospital mortality,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> this is first study demonstrating the relationship between sl-fQRS, &#8805; 1 leads with fQRS and in-hospital mortality. Celikyurt et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> found that the number of leads with fQRS was the only predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy, and the best cut-off number of leads with fQRS to distinguish between responder and non-responder patients was one. These findings suggest that the presence of fQRS even in just one lead can be of prognostic significance. Furthermore, in-hospital mortality was similar between patients with sl-fQRS and those with &#8805; 2 leads with fQRS in our study. This also suggests that sl-fQRS could be as significant a finding as classical fQRS in patients with acute STEMI.</p>
      <p>Only one previous case report has assessed the association between fQRS in just one lead and myocardial scar.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> In this case presentation, fQRS in lead V3 alone, without other electrocardiographic abnormalities, may be because myocardial infarction was limited to a narrow area of the left ventricular apex. However, there is no other information in literature about the importance of the fQRS in one lead alone in patients with acute STEMI. In this study, we detected that patients with sl-fQRS had a lower LVEF, higher maximum troponin levels, and a higher rate of three-vessel disease than patients with no-fQRS. Therefore, it can be suggested that the presence of fQRS even in one lead is also associated with the necrosis of certain amount of myocardial tissue. We think further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better clarify the mechanism and clinical significance of fQRS in one lead alone.</p>
      <p>It is known that the presence of fQRS is associated with lower STR in acute STEMI patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Coronary artery patency has been assessed with TIMI flow in clinical practices, but recent studies have shown that STR is a stronger marker than angiographic TIMI flow to evaluate tissue reperfusion and predict cardiac outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> Although in this study TIMI 3 flow was provided in all patients after pPCI, we found that STR is lower in patients with sl-fQRS when compared to in patients with no lead with fQRS. Accordingly, we can conclude that acute STEMI patients who have only one lead with fQRS will also show poor reperfusion at the cellular level even if TIMI grade 3 flow is achieved by primary PCI.</p>
      <p>Fragmented QRS is a novel ECG parameter that is used quite often in daily practice and that is gaining importance.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> However, the number of fQRS derivations has recently attracted a greater interest. Even though there is no study showing the importance of the presence of fQRS in a single lead, the clinical significance of QRS distortion in only one lead, which is another important ECG finding in acute STEMI,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> was investigated in a recently published study.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> Similar to our study, this study first demonstrated that QRS distortion in only one lead was associated with larger infarct size. Based on these results, we suggest that the presence of fQRS in a single derivation also has prognostic importance. This cut-off number of leads with fQRS will need to be validated in larger prospective studies.</p>
      <p>One of the major limitations of this study is that we did not use the TIMI myocardial perfusion degree or myocardial blushing grade, which are the other parameters of angiographic reperfusion. These parameters could have provided additional benefits to our study. In addition, the findings of this study cannot be generalized to all acute STEMI patients since patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy, those with QRS duration &#8805; 120 milliseconds, and those for whom it was not the first acute STEMI, were not included to the study.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>The concept of at least two derivations is mentioned for the classical definition of fQRS, and only one lead with fQRS has not been accepted for the presence of fQRS. However, we showed for the first time that sl-fQRS is associated with greater extent of necrotic myocardium, increased in-hospital mortality and higher risk. Therefore, instead of the concept of at least two derivations, the presence of fQRS in only one lead and/or &#8805;1 leads with fQRS may also be enough when describing the patients under high cardiac risk. Further studies are needed to understand the importance of sl-fQRS.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ekinci</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Karakoyun</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kucuk</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Senarslan</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Akdeniz</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
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          <article-title>Fragmented QRS for risk stratification in patients undergoing first diagnostic coronary angiography</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>107</volume>
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              <surname>Yuksel</surname>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Celik</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kabul</surname>
              <given-names>HK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barcin</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O QRS Fragmentado de Deriva&#231;&#227;o &#218;nica Pode Predizer Mau Progn&#243;stico em Pacientes STEMI Agudos com Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tanriverdi</surname>
            <given-names>Zulkif</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dursun</surname>
            <given-names>Huseyin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Colluoglu</surname>
            <given-names>Tugce</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kaya</surname>
            <given-names>Dayimi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Balikligol State Hospital - Clinic of Cardiology, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Dokuz Eylul University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Cardiology, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Zulkif Tanriverdi,</bold> Balikligol State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turquia<bold>.</bold> E-mail: <email>ztverdi@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Tanriverdi Z, Dursun H, Colluoglu T, Kaya D; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Tanriverdi Z, Colluoglu T, Kaya D; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Tanriverdi Z, Dursun H, Kaya D; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Tanriverdi Z, Kaya D.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do QRS (fQRS) &#233; classicamente definida como a presen&#231;a de morfologia empastada do QRS em pelo menos duas deriva&#231;&#245;es cont&#237;guas e sua import&#226;ncia progn&#243;stica tem sido demonstrada no infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do ST (STEMI). No entanto, nenhum estudo investigou a signific&#226;ncia do fQRS de deriva&#231;&#227;o &#250;nica (sl-fQRS) no eletrocardiograma (ECG).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>Avaliar se o sl-fQRS &#233; t&#227;o valioso quanto o fQRS cl&#225;ssico em pacientes com STEMI aguda que tiveram sucesso na revasculariza&#231;&#227;o com interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria (ICPp).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Inclu&#237;mos 330 pacientes com um primeiro STEMI que tinham sido revascularizados com sucesso com ICPp. O eletrocardiograma do paciente foi obtido nas primeiras 48 horas, e os pacientes foram divididos em tr&#234;s grupos de acordo com a aus&#234;ncia de fQRS (n&#227;o-fQRS); presen&#231;a de fQRS numa &#250;nica deriva&#231;&#227;o (sl-fQRS); e &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS (fQRS cl&#225;ssico).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>A mortalidade intrahospitalar foi significativamente maior tanto em pacientes com sl-fQRS como em pacientes com &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com n&#227;o-fQRS. Na an&#225;lise da curva ROC, &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS produziu uma sensibilidade de 75% e especificidade de 57,4% para a predi&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade intrahospitalar. A an&#225;lise multivariada mostrou que sl-fQRS &#233; um preditor independente de mortalidade intrahospitalar (OR: 3,989, IC 95%: 1,237-12,869, p = 0,021).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p>Embora o conceito de pelo menos duas deriva&#231;&#245;es seja mencionado para a defini&#231;&#227;o cl&#225;ssica de fQRS, nosso estudo mostrou que fQRS em apenas uma deriva&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m est&#225; associado com maus resultados. Portanto, &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS pode ser &#250;til ao descrever os pacientes sob risco card&#237;aco alto em STEMI agudo.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio/diagn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade Hospitalar</kwd>
        <kwd>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A principal estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica para o infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (STEMI) &#233; a r&#225;pida restaura&#231;&#227;o do fluxo sangu&#237;neo epic&#225;rdico na art&#233;ria relacionada ao infarto (ARI). A interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria (ICPp) &#233; a interven&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica mais efetiva e recomendada para a estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Estudos t&#234;m demonstrado que a reperfus&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica bem-sucedida, definida como Tromb&#243;lise no Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio (TIMI) fluxo 3 na ARI, est&#225; associada com bons resultados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> No entanto, apesar da restaura&#231;&#227;o bem sucedida do fluxo sangu&#237;neo epic&#225;rdico por ICPp, uma propor&#231;&#227;o importante de pacientes com STEMI aguda continuam estando em risco substancial porque uma certa quantidade de necrose mioc&#225;rdica &#233; inevit&#225;vel. Portanto, h&#225; necessidade de indicadores progn&#243;sticos adicionais.</p>
        <p>A presen&#231;a de morfologia QRS empastada em pelo menos duas deriva&#231;&#245;es cont&#237;guas &#233; aceita como a defini&#231;&#227;o cl&#225;ssica de fQRS no eletrocardiograma de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es (ECG).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Isso inclui uma onda R adicional (R'), entalhe da onda R, entalhe da por&#231;&#227;o descendente ou ascendente da onda S, ou mais de uma R '(fragmenta&#231;&#227;o).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Ela se origina da ativa&#231;&#227;o ventricular n&#227;o-homog&#234;nea devido ao mioc&#225;rdio isqu&#234;mico e/ou lesionado e se desenvolve principalmente dentro das 48 horas durante o infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> A import&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica do fQRS foi investigada em v&#225;rios estudos e a presen&#231;a de fQRS foi associada a mortalidade aumentada, cicatriza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, arritmias card&#237;acas e eventos card&#237;acos adversos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Embora a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a presen&#231;a de fQRS em pelo menos duas deriva&#231;&#245;es cont&#237;guas e desfechos cl&#237;nicos adversos seja bem conhecida em pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> a import&#226;ncia do fQRS em uma &#250;nica deriva&#231;&#227;o (fQRS de deriva&#231;&#227;o &#250;nica, sl-fQRS) em pacientes com STEMI agudo que se submeteram a uma ICPp bem sucedida ainda n&#227;o foi estudada. O objetivo do nosso estudo &#233; investigar se sl-fQRS &#233; de import&#226;ncia progn&#243;stica em pacientes com STEMI agudo que atingiram fluxo TIMI 3 por ICPp.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Sele&#231;&#227;o do paciente</title>
          <p>Este estudo foi conduzido no Hospital Universit&#225;rio Dokuz Eylul entre 1&#186; de janeiro de 2009 e 1&#186; de junho de 2014. Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os pacientes admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva coronariana com o diagn&#243;stico de primeiro STEMI agudo e com ICPp com sucesso. Diretrizes atuais foram utilizadas para o diagn&#243;stico de STEMI agudo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Os pacientes que foram admitidos com STEMI agudo pela primeira vez e revascularizados com ICPp com sucesso em nossa cl&#237;nica foram inclu&#237;dos neste estudo. A revasculariza&#231;&#227;o bem-sucedida foi definida como fluxo TIMI 3 p&#243;s-ICP na ARI, com estenose residual &lt; 20% e aus&#234;ncia de trombose de stent, repeti&#231;&#227;o de ICP, dissec&#231;&#227;o/ruptura coronariana ou morte. 24 pacientes com bloqueio completo do ramo, 10 pacientes com bloqueio incompleto do ramo direito e 2 pacientes com marca-passo foram exclu&#237;dos do estudo. Tamb&#233;m foram exclu&#237;dos do estudo os pacientes que tinham fQRS antes do STEMI, aqueles com dura&#231;&#227;o QRS &#8805; 120 milissegundos, antecedentes de cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio e pacientes que n&#227;o apresentavam fluxo TIMI 3 ap&#243;s ICPp. Como resultado, 330 pacientes eleg&#237;veis foram inclu&#237;dos neste estudo. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica local e protocolo de estudo de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Eletrocardiografia</title>
          <p>Obteve-se ECG de doze deriva&#231;&#245;es com velocidade de papel de 25 mm/s, com uma gama de filtro de 0.16-100 Hz e altura de 10 mm/mV de todos os pacientes em posi&#231;&#227;o supina, na admiss&#227;o, ap&#243;s ICPp e nas 24&#170; e 48&#170; horas ap&#243;s a admiss&#227;o hospitalar. As an&#225;lises de ECG de rotina foram realizadas a olho nu e sem utilizar qualquer amplia&#231;&#227;o por dois cl&#237;nicos independentes. A soma pr&#233;-ICP das eleva&#231;&#245;es do ST e a soma p&#243;s-ICP das eleva&#231;&#245;es do ST foram medidas e calculada a porcentagem de resolu&#231;&#227;o ST total (STR).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> O QRS fragmentado foi definido pela presen&#231;a de v&#225;rios padr&#245;es de RSR (dura&#231;&#227;o de QRS &lt; 120 ms) com ou sem onda Q, que incluem uma onda R adicional (R' prima) ou entalhe da onda R ou onda S, ou a presen&#231;a de mais de uma R' (fragmenta&#231;&#227;o) sem bloqueio t&#237;pico de ramo. A presen&#231;a de estes crit&#233;rios em dois ou mais deriva&#231;&#245;es cont&#237;guas era necess&#225;ria para a defini&#231;&#227;o cl&#225;ssica de fQRS. No entanto, tamb&#233;m investigamos os pacientes que tinham os crit&#233;rios de uma &#250;nica deriva&#231;&#227;o, e dividimos os pacientes em tr&#234;s grupos de acordo com o n&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es fQRS &#224;s 48 horas: aus&#234;ncia de fQRS em qualquer deriva&#231;&#227;o (n&#227;o-fQRS), sua presen&#231;a em uma &#250;nica deriva&#231;&#227;o (sl-fQRS) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 1A</xref>), e sua presen&#231;a em dois ou mais deriva&#231;&#245;es cont&#237;guas (fQRS cl&#225;ssico) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 1B</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f5">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>A) Exemplo de ECG de fQRS de chumbo &#250;nico em um paciente com MI anterior. B) Exemplo ECG de &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS em um paciente com IM inferior.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-03-0213-70099-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Angiografia coron&#225;ria</title>
          <p>A angiografia coron&#225;ria e os procedimentos de ICP foram realizados no laborat&#243;rio de cateterismo atrav&#233;s da art&#233;ria femoral/radial usando a t&#233;cnica de Judkins padr&#227;o. As terapias anticoagulantes e antiplaquet&#225;rias antes da ICP foram administradas a todos os pacientes de acordo com a diretriz atual.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Os dados angiogr&#225;ficos foram avaliados por dois cardiologistas independentes. O sistema de classifica&#231;&#227;o de fluxo TIMI foi utilizado para avaliar o fluxo sangu&#237;neo na ARI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Os pacientes que atingiram fluxo TIMI 3 ap&#243;s ICPp foram inclu&#237;dos neste estudo. A presen&#231;a de estenose &#8805; 50% na art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda e &#8805; 70% nas outras grandes art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias epic&#225;rdicas foi considerada estenose cr&#237;tica.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada utilizando SPSS para Windows vers&#227;o 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, EUA). O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi utilizado para determinar a normalidade da distribui&#231;&#227;o. Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram testadas para distribui&#231;&#227;o normal utilizando o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram expressas como a m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o, e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram expressas como porcentagens. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram comparadas com a an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia unidirecional (ANOVA). A posteriori foram realizados testes ap&#243;s ANOVA para estudar as diferen&#231;as entre os grupos. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram comparadas com o qui-quadrado ou os testes exatos de Fisher. A an&#225;lise de correla&#231;&#227;o entre vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foi feita pelo m&#233;todo de Pearson. Utilizou-se uma curva de caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor (ROC) para determinar o melhor n&#250;mero de corte das deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS na predi&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Realizou-se an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada para determinar os preditores independentes de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Considerou-se que um valor de p &lt; 0,05 era estatisticamente significativo.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Trezentos e trinta pacientes submetidos a uma ICPp bem-sucedida foram inclu&#237;dos neste estudo. As caracter&#237;sticas iniciais dos pacientes est&#227;o listadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas basais dos pacientes</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="50%"/>
              <col width="50%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">(n = 330)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">60,2 &#177; 13,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo M/F</td>
                <td align="center">259/71</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o (%)</td>
                <td align="center">151 (45,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes Mellitus (%)</td>
                <td align="center">77 (23,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dura&#231;&#227;o da dor tor&#225;cica na admiss&#227;o (min.)</td>
                <td align="center">169,5 &#177; 184,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo de porta para bal&#227;o (min.)</td>
                <td align="center">21,5 &#177; 4,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">FEVE (%)</td>
                <td align="center">40,8 &#177; 8,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CK-MB M&#225;ximo</td>
                <td align="center">145,2 &#177; 103,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Troponina M&#225;xima</td>
                <td align="center">38,2 &#177; 23,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es STE</td>
                <td align="center">5,0 &#177; 1,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es de STD</td>
                <td align="center">3,1 &#177; 1,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nenhuma deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS (%)</td>
                <td align="center">179 (54,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Uma deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS (%)</td>
                <td align="center">45 (13,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS (%)</td>
                <td align="center">106 (32,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero m&#233;dio de deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS</td>
                <td align="center">1,2 &#177; 1,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Localiza&#231;&#227;o IM</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Anterior (%)</td>
                <td align="center">178 (53,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o-anterior (%)</td>
                <td align="center">152 (46,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Soma Pre-ICP de STE</td>
                <td align="center">10,6 &#177; 7,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Soma P&#243;s-ICP de STE</td>
                <td align="center">3,7 &#177; 3,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ratio STR (%)</td>
                <td align="center">65,1 &#177; 25,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Art&#233;ria relacionada ao infarto</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LAD (%)</td>
                <td align="center">178 (53,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CX (%)</td>
                <td align="center">53 (16,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">RCA (%)</td>
                <td align="center">99 (30)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tipo de stent</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BMS (%)</td>
                <td align="center">94 (28,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DES (%)</td>
                <td align="center">236 (71,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Inibidores da glicoproteina IIb-IIIa (%)</td>
                <td align="center">29 (8,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero de vasos com estenose cr&#237;tica</td>
                <td align="center">1,8 &#177; 0,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Doen&#231;a de tr&#234;s vasos (%)</td>
                <td align="center">80 (24,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Mortalidade intra-hospitalar (%)</td>
                <td align="center">32 (9,7)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN7">
              <p>BMS: stent de metal nu; CK-MB: creatinina quinase-MB; CX: art&#233;ria circunflexa; DES: stent farmacol&#243;gico; F: feminino; fQRS: QRS fragmentado; LAD: art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; M: masculino; IM: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio; min: minuto; ICP: interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea; RCA: art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita; STD: depress&#227;o do ST; STE: eleva&#231;&#227;o do ST; STR: resolu&#231;&#227;o do ST</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Nosso grupo de estudo foi dividido em tr&#234;s grupos de acordo com o n&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS: sem deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS; apenas uma deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS; E &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS. O maior n&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS no ECG foi significativamente relacionado com menor fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (FEVE) (p &lt; 0,001), menor ratio de STR (p &lt; 0,001), maior CK-MB m&#225;xima e troponina (p &lt; 0,001 e p &lt; 0,001), maior n&#250;mero de vasos com estenose cr&#237;tica (p &lt; 0,001), maior frequ&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a de tr&#234;s vasos (p &lt; 0,001) e maior taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar (p = 0,002) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Compara&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas, eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas e angiogr&#225;ficas dos pacientes de acordo com o n&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">n&#227;o-fQRS (n = 179)</th>
                <th align="center">sl-fQRS (n = 45)</th>
                <th align="center">fQRS Cl&#225;ssico (n = 106)</th>
                <th align="center">p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
								</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">59,7 &#177; 13,1</td>
                <td align="center">57,9 &#177; 14,3</td>
                <td align="center">62,1 &#177; 12,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,149</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo M/F</td>
                <td align="center">140/39</td>
                <td align="center">35/10</td>
                <td align="center">84/22</td>
                <td align="center">0,972</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o (%)</td>
                <td align="center">77 (43)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (44,4)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (50,9)</td>
                <td align="center">0,423</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes Mellitus (%)</td>
                <td align="center">34 (19)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (26,7)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (29,2)</td>
                <td align="center">0,120</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dura&#231;&#227;o da dor tor&#225;cica na admiss&#227;o (min.)</td>
                <td align="center">159,9 &#177; 174,2</td>
                <td align="center">172,7 &#177; 155,7</td>
                <td align="center">184,4 &#177; 210,7</td>
                <td align="center">0,550</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo de porta para bal&#227;o (min.)</td>
                <td align="center">21,5 &#177; 4,7</td>
                <td align="center">21,6 &#177; 5,2</td>
                <td align="center">21,4 &#177; 4,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,986</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">FEVE (%)</td>
                <td align="center">44,7 &#177; 7,5</td>
                <td align="center">41,0 &#177; 8,6</td>
                <td align="center">34,2 &#177; 6,4</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CK-MB M&#225;ximo (ng/ml)</td>
                <td align="center">111,1 &#177; 84,9</td>
                <td align="center">122,4 &#177; 89,9</td>
                <td align="center">212,3 &#177; 105,3</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Troponina M&#225;xima (ng/ml)</td>
                <td align="center">29,2 &#177; 18,3</td>
                <td align="center">38,9 &#177; 24,0</td>
                <td align="center">53,2 &#177; 24,1</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es STE</td>
                <td align="center">5,1 &#177; 1,6</td>
                <td align="center">4,9 &#177; 1,8</td>
                <td align="center">4,9 &#177; 1,6</td>
                <td align="center">0,785</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es de STD</td>
                <td align="center">3,0 &#177; 1,7</td>
                <td align="center">3,0 &#177; 1,6</td>
                <td align="center">3,2 &#177; 1,6</td>
                <td align="center">0,632</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero m&#233;dio de deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS</td>
                <td align="center">0,0 &#177; 0,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,0 &#177; 0,0</td>
                <td align="center">3,3 &#177; 1,6</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Localiza&#231;&#227;o IM</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Anterior (%)</td>
                <td align="center">103 (57,5)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (46,7)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (50,9)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,320</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o-anterior (%)</td>
                <td align="center">76 (42,5)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (53,3)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (49,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ratio STR (%)</td>
                <td align="center">74,9 &#177; 15,5</td>
                <td align="center">63,9 &#177; 28,3</td>
                <td align="center">49,1 &#177; 28,0</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tipo de stent</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BMS (%)</td>
                <td align="center">59 (33)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (26,7)</td>
                <td align="center">23 (21,7)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,121</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DES (%)</td>
                <td align="center">120 (67)</td>
                <td align="center">33 (73,3)</td>
                <td align="center">83 (78,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Inibidores da glicoproteina IIb-IIIa (%)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (9,5)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (8,9)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (7,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0,854</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero de vasos com estenose cr&#237;tica</td>
                <td align="center">1,5 &#177; 0,7</td>
                <td align="center">1,8 &#177; 0,8</td>
                <td align="center">2,2 &#177; 0,8</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Doen&#231;a de tr&#234;s vasos (%)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (9,5)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (24,4)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (49,1)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Mortalidade intra-hospitalar (%)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (4,5)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (13,3)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (17)</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <p>BMS: stent de metal nu; fQRS cl&#225;ssico, &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS; CK-MB: creatinina quinase-MB; DES: stent farmacol&#243;gico; F: feminino; fQRS: QRS fragmentado; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; M: masculino; IM: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio; min: minuto; QRS; sl-fQRS, QRS fragmentado de uma deriva&#231;&#227;o; STD: depress&#227;o do ST; STE: eleva&#231;&#227;o do ST; STR: resolu&#231;&#227;o do ST.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN9">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Foram realizados testes de ANOVA e qui-quadrado para estudar diferen&#231;as entre os tr&#234;s grupos. O teste a posteriori (Tukey) foi realizado ap&#243;s ANOVA para estudar diferen&#231;as entre grupos para n&#227;o fQRS vs. sl-fQRS, n&#227;o-fQRS vs. fQRS cl&#225;ssico e sl-fQRS vs. fQRS cl&#225;ssico.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Para melhor elucidar a import&#226;ncia de sl-fQRS, estes pacientes foram comparados com aqueles com n&#227;o-fQRS e aqueles com &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS. Os pacientes com sl-fQRS apresentaram menor FEVE (41,0 &#177; 8,6 vs. 44,7 &#177; 7,5, p = 0,007), menor ratio de STR (63,9 &#177; 28,3 vs. 74,9 &#177; 15,5, p = 0,009), maiores n&#237;veis de troponina m&#225;xima (38,9 &#177; 24,0 versus 29,2 &#177; 18,3, p = 0,019), e uma taxa mais elevada de doen&#231;a de tr&#234;s vasos (24,4% vs. 9,5%, p = 0,007) do que os pacientes com n&#227;o-fQRS. Da mesma forma, pacientes com &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS tamb&#233;m apresentaram menor FEVE, menor ratio de STR, maiores valores de troponina m&#225;xima e maior taxa de doen&#231;a de tr&#234;s vasos do que pacientes com sl-fQRS (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 2</xref>). A mortalidade hospitalar foi significativamente maior em pacientes com sl-fQRS em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com n&#227;o-fQRS (13.3% vs 4,5%, p = 0,039), mas n&#227;o foi diferente entre os pacientes com sl-fQRS e aqueles com &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com FQRS (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f6">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Compara&#231;&#245;es entre os grupos em termos de FEVE, troponina m&#225;xima, resolu&#231;&#227;o ST e frequ&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a de tr&#234;s vasos. FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; fQRS: QRS fragmentado.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-03-0213-70099-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f7">
            <label>Figura 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Compara&#231;&#245;es entre os grupos em termos de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. QRS fragmentado.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-03-0213-70099-gf03-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise de correla&#231;&#227;o mostrou que &#224; medida que o n&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es de fQRS aumentou, a troponina m&#225;xima (r = 0,389, p &lt; 0,001) e o n&#250;mero de vasos com estenose cr&#237;tica (r = 0,399, p &lt; 0,001) aumentaram significativamente; Inversamente, STR (r = -0,506, p &lt; 0,001) e FEVE (r = -0,520, p &lt; 0,001) diminu&#237;ram significativamente.</p>
        <p>Na an&#225;lise da curva ROC, &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS resultou em um valor de &#225;rea sob curva (AUC) de 0,707 (IC 95%: 0,605-0.809, p &lt; 0,001), o que demonstrou uma sensibilidade de 75% e especificidade de 57.4% para a previs&#227;o da mortalidade intra-hospitalar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figura 4A</xref>). Quando nosso grupo de estudo foi dividido em dois grupos de acordo com este valor de corte, a mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi significativamente maior para o grupo com &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figura 4B</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f8">
            <label>Figura 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>A) Curva ROC para determinar o melhor corte para o n&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS na predi&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. B) Taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar em n&#227;o-fQRS e &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com grupos fQRS.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-109-03-0213-70099-gf04-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Realizaram-se an&#225;lises de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada para determinar os preditores independentes de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Estima-se que o odds ratio (OR: 3.989, intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95% [IC]: 1,237-12,869, p = 0,021), &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS (OR: 4,288, IC 95%: 1,739-10,618, p = 0,002) e a idade (OR: 1.074, IC 95%: 1,039-1.110, p &lt; 0,001) foram preditores independentes de mortalidade intra-hospitalar (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref>). Quando os pacientes foram inclu&#237;dos como n&#227;o-fQRS e &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS em outro modelo, a idade (OR: 1,076, IC95%: 1,041-1,113, p &lt; 0,001) e &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS (OR: 4,429, IC 95%: 1,851-10,595, p = 0,001) revelaram-se preditores independentes de mortalidade intra-hospitalar.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>An&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada mostrando os preditores independentes de mortalidade intra-hospitalar</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">Preditores</th>
                <th align="center">OR</th>
                <th align="center">95% IC</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="3">Modelo 1<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">Idade</td>
                <td align="center">1,074</td>
                <td align="center">1,039-1,110</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">sl-fQRS</td>
                <td align="center">3,989</td>
                <td align="center">1,237-12,869</td>
                <td align="center">0,021</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">&#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS</td>
                <td align="center">4,298</td>
                <td align="center">1,739-10,618</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">Modelo 2<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">Idade</td>
                <td align="center">1,076</td>
                <td align="center">1,041-1,113</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">&#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS</td>
                <td align="center">4,429</td>
                <td align="center">1,851-10,595</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN10">
              <p>Coeficiente &#946;, &#946;; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; OR: odds ratio; SE: erro padr&#227;o.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN11">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Vari&#225;veis inseridas: Idade, Hipertens&#227;o, Diabetes mellitus, Dura&#231;&#227;o da dor tor&#225;cica na admiss&#227;o, Tempo de porta para bal&#227;o, Tipo de stent, CK-MB, Troponina, N&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es de ST elevadas e ST deprimidas, localiza&#231;&#227;o do IM, sl-fQRS, &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS, N&#250;mero de les&#245;es afetadas estreiteza &gt; 70%, escore de resolu&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN12">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>Vari&#225;veis inseridas: Idade, Hipertens&#227;o, Diabetes Mellitus, Dura&#231;&#227;o da dor tor&#225;cica na admiss&#227;o, Tempo de porta para bal&#227;o, Tipo de stent, CK-MB, Troponina, N&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es ST elevadas e ST deprimidas, Localiza&#231;&#227;o MI, &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS, N&#250;mero de les&#245;es afetadas estreiteza &gt; 70%, escore de resolu&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>O principal achado do nosso estudo foi que a mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi significativamente maior em pacientes com sl-fQRS em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com n&#227;o-fQRS. Al&#233;m disso, a rela&#231;&#227;o FEVE e STR foi significativamente menor, enquanto que os n&#237;veis m&#225;ximos de troponina e frequ&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a de tr&#234;s vasos foram significativamente mais elevados em doentes com sl-fQRS do que nos que n&#227;o tinham fQRS. Nosso estudo mostrou que sl-fQRS e/ou &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS s&#227;o preditores independentes de mortalidade intra-hospitalar, mesmo se &#233; atingido fluxo TIMI grau 3 por ICP prim&#225;ria em pacientes com STEMI agudo.</p>
        <p>A fragmenta&#231;&#227;o significativa de QRS no ECG foi definida como a presen&#231;a de morfologia de QRS empastada em duas ou mais deriva&#231;&#245;es cont&#237;guas e apenas uma deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS n&#227;o foi aceita como presen&#231;a de fQRS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Portanto, a import&#226;ncia da presen&#231;a de fQRS em &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es tem sido geralmente investigada em estudos e tem sido verificado que prediz eventos de mau progn&#243;stico em pacientes com STEMI agudo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> A import&#226;ncia do fQRS tamb&#233;m tem sido investigada em doen&#231;a arterial coronariana e cardiomiopatia n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica em meta-an&#225;lise pr&#233;via realizada por Rosengarten et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> Eles tamb&#233;m usaram a defini&#231;&#227;o cl&#225;ssica para a presen&#231;a de fQRS e exclu&#237;ram estudos que usaram uma defini&#231;&#227;o alternativa para fQRS. Eles encontraram que o fQRS estava associado &#224; mortalidade por todas as causas e &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca. No entanto, pensamos que esta defini&#231;&#227;o cl&#225;ssica pode levar a ignorar alguns pacientes que realmente t&#234;m alto risco. Isso ocorre porque n&#227;o h&#225; nenhum estudo mostrando a import&#226;ncia da presen&#231;a de fQRS em uma &#250;nica deriva&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com STEMI agudo. At&#233; onde sabemos, o nosso estudo &#233; o primeiro que demonstrou a import&#226;ncia do sl-fQRS em pacientes com STEMI agudo que foram submetidos a uma ICPp bem-sucedida.</p>
        <p>Sabe-se que o fluxo final de TIMI &#8804; 2 ap&#243;s ICPp est&#225; fortemente associado a maus resultados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Portanto, esses pacientes n&#227;o foram inclu&#237;dos em nosso estudo para evitar o efeito do fluxo TIMI &#8804; 2 sobre a mortalidade. Todos os pacientes em nosso estudo s&#227;o os pacientes que foram submetidos a uma ICPp bem-sucedida, o que significa que esses pacientes tinham menor mioc&#225;rdio necr&#243;tico, de modo que o fluxo angiogr&#225;fico TIMI 3 tinha sido alcan&#231;ado. Apesar da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o bem-sucedida com ICPp, a taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar do nosso estudo foi de 9,7%. Isto pode ser devido ao pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes com rela&#231;&#227;o ao volume de ICPp e a taxa relativamente maior de IM anterior (53,9%).</p>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas, dura&#231;&#227;o da dor tor&#225;cica e localiza&#231;&#227;o do IM foram semelhantes nos tr&#234;s grupos. No entanto, verificou-se que a mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi significativamente maior nos pacientes com sl-fQRS em compara&#231;&#227;o com os pacientes com n&#227;o fQRS, e &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS obteve sensibilidade de 75% e especificidade de 57,4% para a predi&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade hospitalar. Al&#233;m disso, sl-fQRS foi preditor independente de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Como mostramos que o sl-fQRS foi um preditor independente de mortalidade intra-hospitalar, constru&#237;mos um novo modelo de regress&#227;o, no qual os pacientes foram inclu&#237;dos como n&#227;o-fQRS e &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS. Encontramos que &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS foi preditor independente de mortalidade. Mais importante ainda, o odds ratio de &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS (4,429) foi maior do que o odds ratio de &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS (4,298). Embora estudos anteriores tenham demonstrado que a presen&#231;a de fQRS em duas ou mais deriva&#231;&#245;es cont&#237;guas foi associada ao aumento da mortalidade hospitalar,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> este &#233; o primeiro estudo demonstrando a rela&#231;&#227;o entre sl-fQRS, &#8805; 1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS e mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Celikyurt et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> encontraram que o n&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS foi o &#250;nico preditor de resposta &#224; terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e o melhor n&#250;mero de corte de deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS para distinguir entre pacientes respondedores e n&#227;o respondedores foi um. Esses achados sugerem que a presen&#231;a de fQRS mesmo em apenas uma deriva&#231;&#227;o pode ser de signific&#226;ncia progn&#243;stica. Al&#233;m disso, a mortalidade intra-hospitalar em nosso estudo foi semelhante entre os pacientes com sl-fQRS e aqueles com &#8805; 2 deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS. Isto tamb&#233;m sugere que sl-fQRS poderia ser um achado t&#227;o significativo quanto o fQRS cl&#225;ssico em pacientes com STEMI agudo.</p>
        <p>S&#243; um relato de caso anterior avaliou a associa&#231;&#227;o entre fQRS em apenas uma deriva&#231;&#227;o e a cicatriz mioc&#225;rdica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Na apresenta&#231;&#227;o deste caso, fQRS na deriva&#231;&#227;o V3 sozinha, sem outras anormalidades eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas, pode ocorrer porque o infarto do mioc&#225;rdio foi limitado a uma &#225;rea estreita do &#225;pice do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. No entanto, n&#227;o h&#225; outras informa&#231;&#245;es na literatura sobre a import&#226;ncia do fQRS em uma deriva&#231;&#227;o sozinha em pacientes com STEMI agudo. Neste estudo, detectamos que os pacientes com sl-fQRS apresentaram menor FEVE, maiores valores de troponina m&#225;xima e maior taxa de doen&#231;a de tr&#234;s vasos do que pacientes com n&#227;o-fQRS. Portanto, pode-se sugerir que a presen&#231;a de fQRS mesmo em uma deriva&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m est&#225; associada &#224; necrose de certa quantidade de tecido mioc&#225;rdico. N&#243;s pensamos que mais estudos com maiores tamanhos de amostra s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para melhor esclarecer o mecanismo e o significado cl&#237;nico de fQRS em uma deriva&#231;&#227;o sozinha.</p>
        <p>Sabe-se que a presen&#231;a de fQRS est&#225; associada a STR menor em pacientes com STEMI agudo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> A pat&#234;ncia da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria foi avaliada com fluxo TIMI em pr&#225;ticas cl&#237;nicas, por&#233;m estudos recentes mostraram que STR &#233; um marcador mais forte do que o fluxo angiogr&#225;fico de TIMI para avaliar a reperfus&#227;o tecidual e prever resultados card&#237;acos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> Embora o fluxo TIMI 3 tenha sido fornecido em todos os pacientes neste estudo ap&#243;s ICPp, achamos que o STR &#233; menor nos pacientes com sl-fQRS quando comparado aos pacientes sem deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS. Consequentemente, podemos concluir que os pacientes com STEMI agudo que t&#234;m apenas uma deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS tamb&#233;m mostrar&#227;o uma reperfus&#227;o fraca no n&#237;vel celular mesmo que o fluxo TIMI de grau 3 seja atingido pela ICP prim&#225;ria.</p>
        <p>O QRS fragmentado &#233; um par&#226;metro novo de ECG que &#233; usado frequentemente na pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria e que est&#225; ganhando import&#226;ncia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> No entanto, o n&#250;mero de deriva&#231;&#245;es de fQRS tem atra&#237;do recentemente um interesse maior. Embora n&#227;o haja nenhum estudo mostrando a import&#226;ncia da presen&#231;a de fQRS em uma &#250;nica deriva&#231;&#227;o, o significado cl&#237;nico da distor&#231;&#227;o de QRS em apenas uma deriva&#231;&#227;o, a qual &#233; outro achado ECG importante em STEMI agudo,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> foi investigado em um estudo recentemente publicado. Semelhante ao nosso estudo, este estudo primeiro demonstrou que a distor&#231;&#227;o QRS em apenas uma deriva&#231;&#227;o foi associada com maior tamanho do infarto.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Com base nestes resultados, sugerimos que a presen&#231;a de fQRS em uma &#250;nica deriva&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m tem import&#226;ncia progn&#243;stica. Este n&#250;mero de corte de deriva&#231;&#245;es com fQRS precisar&#225; ser validado em estudos prospectivos maiores.</p>
        <p>Uma das principais limita&#231;&#245;es deste estudo &#233; que n&#227;o utilizamos o grau de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica TIMI ou o grau de rubor mioc&#225;rdico, que s&#227;o os outros par&#226;metros de reperfus&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica. Esses par&#226;metros poderiam ter proporcionado benef&#237;cios adicionais ao nosso estudo. Al&#233;m disso, os achados deste estudo n&#227;o podem ser generalizados para todos os pacientes com STEMI agudo, uma vez que os pacientes submetidos a terapia trombol&#237;tica, aqueles com dura&#231;&#227;o QRS &#8805; 120 milissegundos e aqueles para os quais n&#227;o foi o primeiro STEMI agudo, n&#227;o foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>O conceito de pelo menos duas deriva&#231;&#245;es &#233; mencionado para a defini&#231;&#227;o cl&#225;ssica de fQRS, e somente uma deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS n&#227;o foi aceito para a presen&#231;a de fQRS. No entanto, mostramos pela primeira vez que sl-fQRS est&#225; associado a maior extens&#227;o de mioc&#225;rdio necr&#243;tico, aumento da mortalidade hospitalar e maior risco. Portanto, ao inv&#233;s do conceito de pelo menos duas deriva&#231;&#245;es, a presen&#231;a de fQRS em apenas uma deriva&#231;&#227;o e/ou &#8805;1 deriva&#231;&#227;o com fQRS tamb&#233;m pode ser suficiente ao descrever os pacientes sob alto risco card&#237;aco. Mais estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para entender a import&#226;ncia do sl-fQRS.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
