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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.6" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Rb6ts3fRw6trDK3SStZXSDz</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2017000600569</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170078</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case 4/2017 - Double-Chambered Right Ventricle with Dextrocardia and Hypoxemia Due to Atrial Shunt in a 4-Year-Old Girl</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cavalini</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Edmar Atik</bold>, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. Postal Code 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>108</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>569</fpage>
      <lpage>571</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Double Chambered Right Ventricle</kwd>
        <kwd>Dextrocardia</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypoxia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Clinical data</title>
      <p>A premature female twin (33-week gestation), weighing at birth 1935 g, remained hospitalized for one month due to the diagnosis of atrial septal defect (ASD) + ventricular septal defect (VSD) + persistence of ductus arteriosus (PDA). The patient gained less weight than the average children, but maintained full and similar activity, receiving furosemide and captopril, up to the age of 3 years, when her mother noticed cyanosis.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Physical exam</title>
        <p>Eupnea; mild cyanosis; normal pulses; weight, 11 kg; height, 89 cm; heart rate, 100 bpm; O<sub>2</sub> saturation, 83%. The aorta was not palpable at the suprasternal notch. Her chest showed mild bulging and mild systolic thrusts on the right sternal border (RSB). The 1<sup>st</sup> heart sound was more intense on the right midclavicular line (RMCL), and the 2<sup>nd</sup> heart sound, on the RSB with greater radiation to the RMCL. A rough systolic ejection murmur (4/6) was audible on the upper RSB, and a mild regurgitation systolic murmur (4/6) was audible on the lower RSB. The liver was palpated 1 cm from the right costal margin.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Complementary diagnostic tests</title>
        <p><bold>Electrocardiogram:</bold> sinus rhythm and signs of marked right ventricular overload. There were Rs complexes in V1 to V3, rsR&#180; in V5R and V6R, positive T wave in V1 to V6, and isoelectric T wave in V6R, signs of right ventricle (RV) located to the right. AP: +60&#186;, AQRS: -150&#186;, AT: +70&#186; (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>X-ray showing marked cardiomegaly with rounded and long ventricular arch to the right, situs solitus (gastric bubble to the left) and reduced pulmonary vascular bed. Electrocardiogram showing signs of marked right ventricular overload to the right, with preponderant R wave in V6R, S wave in V6, positive T wave in V6, and isoelectric T wave in V6R.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-108-06-0569-70078-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Chest X-ray:</bold> enlargement of the cardiac silhouette to the right, and reduced pulmonary vascular bed. Rounded and long ventricular arch to the right (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure1</xref>).</p>
        <p><bold>Echocardiogram:</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure2</xref>) showed situs solitus with dextrocardia, normal systemic and pulmonary venous connections, concordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections. Dilatation of the inferior vena cava and suprahepatic veins. Ostium secundum ASD of 4 mm, with right-to-left shunt. Intact ventricular septum deviated to the left. Marked tricuspid regurgitation. Aneurysmatic right atrium with volume of 58 mL/m<sup>2</sup>. Right ventricle markedly dilated and hypertrophied, with hypertrophied moderator band, narrow infundibulum due to hypertrophy, and two ventricular chambers with a 140-mmHg gradient between them. Normal pulmonary and aortic valves. Normal left cavities. PT = 20 mm, PA&#180;s = 9 mm. Pulmonary ring = 15 mm and right ventricular anterior wall = 10 mm.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Echocardiogram: 4-chamber (A) and short-axis (B) views showing markedly enlarged right cardiac cavities with septa bulging to the left and marked ventricular hypertrophy (arrows), and moderator band dividing the two right ventricular chambers: proximal and distal chambers seen on subcostal view (C). RA: right atrium; LA: left atrium; Ao: aorta; RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle; PA: pulmonary artery.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-108-06-0569-70078-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical diagnosis</title>
        <p>Stenosis of double-chambered right ventricular inlet with mild hypoxia due to right-to-left shunt through a small ASD.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical rationale</title>
        <p>The clinical elements were compatible with cyanotic congenital heart disease with reduced pulmonary flow resulting from an obstruction at the right and right-to-left shunt. An obstruction in the right ventricular inlet could be suspected based on the auscultation of a markedly rough and intense systolic murmur. However, the more intense 2<sup>nd</sup> heart sound raised the possibility of corrected transposition of the great arteries, mainly in the presence of dextrocardia with situs solitus. The electrocardiogram was not compatible with atrioventricular discordance, because the T wave indicated a RV located to the right (T wave axis to the left (+70 degrees) and greater intensity in V6 than in V6R). The echocardiogram was conclusive about the defect and its repercussion. The marked tricuspid regurgitation causing an aneurysmatic right atrium was due to marked obstruction inside the RV. It is worth noting the rarity of that anomaly in the presence of dextrocardia with situs solitus and no VSD, in addition to marked tricuspid regurgitation as an uncommon consequence from obstruction in the RV.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Differential diagnosis</title>
        <p>The most likely differential diagnosis was corrected transposition of the great arteries.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Management</title>
        <p>Because of the marked repercussion of the defect, surgery was performed immediately, eliminating the obstruction of the inlet of the hypertrophied RV.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Comments</title>
      <p>The double-chambered RV or stenosis of the inlet of the RV is a rare congenital anomaly, in which an anomalous hypertrophied muscular band divides the RV into two cavities, the proximal being of high pressure, and the distal, of low pressure. Muscular obstruction develops over time, but rarely in adult age. The hypertrophied muscle is either the septoparietal or the septomarginal trabecula.</p>
      <p>In over 95% of the cases, the stenosis of the inlet of the RV is associated with VSD, whose location determines the characteristic clinical findings. Thus, when the VSD is located before the obstruction, the clinical findings are similar to those of tetralogy of Fallot, and when the VSD is distal to the obstruction, those findings are similar to those of the VSD itself. It is worth noting that the grade of obstruction and the size of the VSD account for the magnitude of the findings.</p>
      <p>To our knowledge, this is the first report on the association of double-chambered RV with dextrocardia and situs solitus and no VSD, whose clinical findings simulated those of marked pulmonary stenosis and consequent progressive tricuspid regurgitation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Amano M, Izumi C, Hayama Y, Onishi N, Tamaki Y, Enomoto S, et al. Surgical outcomes and postoperative prognosis beyond 10 years for double-chambered right ventricle. Am J Cardiol. 2015;116(9):1431-5.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Amano</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Izumi</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hayama</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Onishi</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tamaki</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Enomoto</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Surgical outcomes and postoperative prognosis beyond 10 years for double-chambered right ventricle</article-title>
          <source>Am J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>116</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>1431</fpage>
          <lpage>1435</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Kahr PC, Alonso-Gonzalez R, Kempny A, Orwat S, Uebing A, Dimopoulos K, et al. Long-term natural history and postoperative outcome of double-chambered right ventricle--experience from two tertiary adult congenital heart centres and review of the literature. Int J Cardiol. 2014;174(3):662-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kahr</surname>
              <given-names>PC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Alonso-Gonzalez</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kempny</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Orwat</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Uebing</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dimopoulos</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Long-term natural history and postoperative outcome of double-chambered right ventricle--experience from two tertiary adult congenital heart centres and review of the literature</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>174</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>662</fpage>
          <lpage>668</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 4/2017 - Dupla C&#226;mara de Ventr&#237;culo Direito, em Dextrocardia e Hipoxemia por <italic>Shunt</italic> em N&#237;vel Atrial, em Menina de 4 Anos de Idade</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cavalini</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2">Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. CEP 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Dupla C&#226;mara de Ventr&#237;culo Direito</kwd>
        <kwd>Dextrocardia</kwd>
        <kwd>Hip&#243;xia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Dados cl&#237;nicos</title>
        <p>Gemelar prematura de 33 semanas com peso ao nascer de 1935 g permaneceu internada por um m&#234;s com diagn&#243;stico de comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial (CIA) + comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular (CIV) + persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial (PCA). Manteve-se com menor ganho de peso em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; m&#233;dia das crian&#231;as, mas em plena e semelhante atividade em uso de furosemida e captopril at&#233; 3 anos de idade. Tornou-se cian&#243;tica recentemente, segundo a m&#227;e.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Exame f&#237;sico</title>
          <p>Eupneica; cian&#243;tica discreta; pulsos normais; peso, 11 kg; altura, 89 cm; FC, 100 bpm; Sat O<sub>2</sub>, 83%. A aorta n&#227;o era palpada na f&#250;rcula. No t&#243;rax, notava-se discreto abaulamento e impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas leves na borda esternal direita (BED). A 1&#170; bulha era mais intensa na linha hemiclavicular direita (LHCD), sendo a 2&#170; bulha hiperfon&#233;tica na BED com maior irradia&#231;&#227;o para a LHCD. Sopro sist&#243;lico de eje&#231;&#227;o, rude, 4/6, aud&#237;vel na BED alta e sopro sist&#243;lico em regurgita&#231;&#227;o, suave, 4/6, na BED baixa. O f&#237;gado era palpado a 1 cm da borda costal direita.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Exames complementares</title>
          <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma:</bold> mostrava ritmo sinusal e sinais de acentuada sobrecarga de ventr&#237;culo direito (VD). Havia complexos Rs em V1 a V3, rsR&#180; em V5R e V6R com onda T positiva em V1 a V6 e isoel&#233;trica em V6R, sinais de localiza&#231;&#227;o do VD &#224; direita. AP: +60&#186;, AQRS: -150&#186;, AT: +70&#186; (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f3">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Radiografia de t&#243;rax mostra acentuada cardiomegalia com arco ventricular longo e arredondado &#224; direita em situs solitus (bolha g&#225;strica &#224; esquerda) e trama vascular pulmonar diminu&#237;da. Eletrocardiograma salienta sinais de acentuada sobrecarga do VD &#224; direita com onda R preponderante em V6R e onda S em V6 al&#233;m da onda T positiva em V6 e isoel&#233;trica em V6R.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-108-06-0569-70078-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax:</bold> mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca aumentada &#224; direita e trama vascular pulmonar diminu&#237;da. O arco ventricular &#233; arredondado e longo &#224; direita (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura1</xref>).</p>
          <p><bold>Ecocardiograma:</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>) mostrou <italic>situs solitus</italic> em dextrocardia, com conex&#245;es venosas sist&#234;micas e pulmonares normais, conex&#245;es atrioventriculares e ventr&#237;culo-arteriais concordantes. Dilata&#231;&#227;o da veia cava inferior e das veias supra-hep&#225;ticas. Comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial tipo ostium secundum de 4 mm, com fluxo da direita para a esquerda. Septo ventricular &#237;ntegro desviado para a esquerda. Regurgita&#231;&#227;o tric&#250;spide acentuada. &#193;trio direito aneurism&#225;tico com volume de 58 ml/m<sup>2</sup>. Ventr&#237;culo direito com dilata&#231;&#227;o e hipertrofia acentuadas, com banda moderadora desenvolvida, infund&#237;bulo estreito por hipertrofia e duas c&#226;maras ventriculares com gradiente entre as c&#226;maras de 140 mmHg. Valvas pulmonar e a&#243;rtica normais. Cavidades esquerdas eram normais. TP = 20 mm, AP&#180;s = 9 mm. Anel pulmonar = 15 mm e parede anterior do VD = 10 mm.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Ecocardiograma em corte de 4 c&#226;maras em A e em corte transversal em B mostra grande aumento das cavidades card&#237;acas direitas com septos abaulados para a esquerda e a hipertrofia ventricular acentuada (setas) com a banda divis&#243;ria das duas c&#226;meras de ventr&#237;culo direito, a proximal e a distal em corte subcostal em C. AD: &#225;trio direito; AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; Ao: aorta; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; AP: art&#233;ria pulmonar.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-108-06-0569-70078-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico</title>
          <p>Estenose de via de entrada de VD bicameral com hip&#243;xia discreta por desvio de sangue da direita para a esquerda atrav&#233;s de pequena CIA.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico</title>
          <p>Os elementos cl&#237;nicos eram compat&#237;veis com cardiopatia cong&#234;nita cianog&#234;nica por hipofluxo pulmonar decorrente de les&#227;o obstrutiva &#224; direita com <italic>shunt</italic> intercavit&#225;rio. O local da obstru&#231;&#227;o pode ser presuntivamente imaginado na via de entrada do VD pela ausculta de sopro sist&#243;lico acentuadamente rude e intenso. No entanto, a 2&#170; bulha hiperfon&#233;tica fez pensar de imediato em transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias, ainda mais em presen&#231;a de dextrocardia em <italic>situs solitus</italic>. O eletrocardiograma n&#227;o era compat&#237;vel com discord&#226;ncia atrioventricular dado que a onda T tinha orienta&#231;&#227;o do VD &#224; direita (eixo el&#233;trico da onda T &#224; esquerda (+70 graus) e de intensidade maior em V6 que em VR). O ecocardiograma foi decisivo na conclus&#227;o e repercuss&#227;o do defeito. A insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide acentuada ocasionando &#225;trio direito aneurism&#225;tico era decorrente da acentuada obstru&#231;&#227;o intracameral direita. Salienta-se a raridade dessa anomalia em presen&#231;a de dextrocardia em <italic>situs solitus</italic> e sem CIV, ademais da acentuada insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide como les&#227;o evolutiva incomum em obstru&#231;&#245;es no VD.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial</title>
          <p>O mais prov&#225;vel na diferencia&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica deste caso era a transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias, como foi salientado.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conduta</title>
          <p>Em face da acentuada repercuss&#227;o do defeito, cirurgia foi realizada de imediato, com resolu&#231;&#227;o da obstru&#231;&#227;o da via de entrada do VD hipertr&#243;fico.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Coment&#225;rios</title>
        <p>A dupla c&#226;mara de VD ou estenose de via de entrada de VD constitui-se em rara anomalia cong&#234;nita na qual uma banda muscular an&#244;mala separa esse ventr&#237;culo em duas cavidades, sendo a proximal de alta press&#227;o e a distal, de baixa press&#227;o. A obstru&#231;&#227;o muscular se desenvolve com o tempo, mas raramente se pronuncia na idade adulta. Aceita-se que o m&#250;sculo hipertrofiado &#233; a trab&#233;cula septoparietal ou a septomarginal.</p>
        <p>A estenose de via de entrada do VD usualmente, em mais de 95% dos casos, &#233; associada a CIV, cuja posi&#231;&#227;o determina o quadro cl&#237;nico caracter&#237;stico. Assim, quando a CIV se localiza previamente &#224; obstru&#231;&#227;o, o quadro cl&#237;nico assemelha-se ao da tetralogia de Fallot e, quando em posi&#231;&#227;o distal, &#224; pr&#243;pria CIV. Importa salientar tamb&#233;m que o grau da obstru&#231;&#227;o e o tamanho da CIV s&#227;o respons&#225;veis pela magnitude dos quadros descritos.</p>
        <p>Desconhecemos na literatura a exist&#234;ncia da associa&#231;&#227;o descrita neste caso com dextrocardia em <italic>situs solitus</italic> e sem CIV, cujo quadro cl&#237;nico simulava o apresentado por acentuada estenose pulmonar e progressiva insufici&#234;ncia valvar tric&#250;spide decorrente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
