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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">hTYLm4bJ9YDmZFhwPnFJ3xk</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2017000600533</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2017005008101</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170062</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
          <subj-group>
            <subject>Epidemiology</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Systemic Arterial Hypertension in Patients Exposed to Cesium-137 in Goi&#226;nia-GO: Prevalence Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Victor Rabelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pinto</surname>
            <given-names>Murillo Mac&#234;do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Figueredo</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Miller Pires</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Helen de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souto</surname>
            <given-names>Rafael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sacchetim</surname>
            <given-names>Sylvana de Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universit&#225;rio de An&#225;polis - UniEVANG&#201;LICA</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio de An&#225;polis - UniEVANG&#201;LICA, GO - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Centro Universit&#225;rio de An&#225;polis</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Secretaria da Sa&#250;de do Estado de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Secretaria da Sa&#250;de do Estado de Goi&#225;s, GO - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Murillo Mac&#234;do Pinto</bold>, Rua Dayse Fanstone, s/n, Cidade Universit&#225;ria. Postal Code 75083-450, An&#225;polis, GO - Brazil. E-mail: <email>murillo_bb@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Lima H, Pinto MM, Figueiredo RMP, Rodrigues JVR. Acquisition of data: Pinto MM, Figueiredo RMP. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Pinto MM. Obtaining financing: Pinto MM, Figueiredo RMP, Rodrigues JVR. Writing of the manuscript: Lima H, Pinto MM. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Lima H, Sacchetim SC, Pinto MM, Rodrigues JVR. Supervision / as the major investigador: Lima H, Sacchetim SC, Souto R.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>108</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>533</fpage>
      <lpage>538</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) in the Brazilian population, in populations not exposed to C&#233;sio-137, presents a prevalence of 28% nationwide. However, in the group of radioactivity victims, these values are unknown.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To analyze the prevalence of hypertension in patients exposed to Cesium-137 in Goi&#226;nia, enrolled in the Sistema de Monitoramento dos Radioacidentados (SISRAD) (Radioactivtity Victims Monitoring System) of the Centro de Assist&#234;ncia aos Radioacidentados (C.A.R.A) (Assistence Center for Radioactivity Victims).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>This is a descriptive, observational cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out in Goi&#226;nia-Goi&#225;s, from August 2013 to October 2014, with a group of patients enrolled in the Sistema de Monitoramento dos Radioacidentados (SISRAD) of the Centro de Assist&#234;ncia a Radioacidentados (C.A.R.A.). A total of 102 radioactive patients were divided into two groups: group 1 with 40 and group 2 with 62 participants. A field survey was conducted with a closed and semi-structured questionnaire in which the following contexts were addressed: sociodemographic profile, life habits and personal background. A database was created using the Google Forms application from the Google Web technologies company. The duly collected and stored data were imported and analyzed in the statistical software SPSS, version 21.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>The prevalence of SAH reached a total of 25% (12 individuals) of the 48 interviewees, 50% of women (24) and 50% of men (24), of which 22.9% (11) of the radioactivity victims revealed to be smokers.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>The prevalence of SAH in the radioactivity victims population is similar to that of the population in general.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Cesium</kwd>
        <kwd>Cesium, Radioisotopos</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>In September of 1987 occurred in the state of Goi&#225;s, in the city of Goi&#226;nia, the radiological accident involving the cesium-137. It was caused by the rupture of a radiotherapy device containing cesium-137 (radioactive isotope), incorrectly handled by lay people and that was abandoned in an inactive medical clinic.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>About 112,000 people were involved in this accident, of which 249 were externally or internally contaminated.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> The government of Goi&#225;s State, through the Municipal Health Department, set up a dedicated service to care for this contaminated population.</p>
      <p>Thus, they were categorized in groups I, II and III according to <italic>International Atomic Energy Agency</italic> (IAEA) standards, taking into account classification criteria according to the severity of the cutaneous lesions and the intensity of internal and external contamination.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> The <italic>Centro de Atendimento aos Radioacidentados</italic> (C.A.R.A.), through the IAEA standards, classifies the radioactivity victims into three groups as follows:</p>
      <p>
        <list list-type="simple">
          <list-item>
            <p>- <bold>Group I (booking each 6 months):</bold> 40 patients with radiodermatitis and/or cytogenetic dosimetry above 0.20 Gy (20 rad) and/or body activity &#8805; &#189; LIA, corresponding to 1.85 GBq (50 mCi) ;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>- <bold>Group II (annual schedule):</bold> 62 patients with cytogenetic dosimetry between 0.05 and 0.20 Gy (5 and 20 rad) and or body activity below &#189; LIA; and</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>- <bold>Group III:</bold> 880 professionals who dealt and deal with contaminated material or patients irradiated or contaminated by cesium-137 and of neighboring population of contamination outbreaks.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </p>
      <p>The C.A.R.A. is the successor of part of the attributions of the extinct SuLeide (Leide das Neves Superintendence).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> This coordinates the referral and counter-referral system of the radioactivity victims and also monitors their health. In addition, it acts in the production of epidemiological data about exposure to ionizing radiation by Cesium-137.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Radiation causes a series of changes in the human body, being of physical, physicochemical, chemical and biological characteristics.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Understanding cellular responses to ionizing radiation is essential for the development of predictive markers useful for assessing human exposure, scarce in the literature.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The threshold dose for circulatory diseases is 0.5 Gy for morbidity and mortality.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Cardiovascular lesions are varied and include accelerated atherosclerosis, pericardial and myocardial fibrosis, conduction abnormalities, and heart valve lesions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> The risk of cardiovascular diseases radiation-related may be correlated to the risks of hypertension and other secondary disorders, such as the risk of atherosclerotic disorders.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is considered a chronic, multifactorial degenerative disease whose blood vessel wall pressure values are &gt; 140 mmHg for systolic pressure and &gt; 90 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>As a polygenic syndrome, it comprises genetic, environmental, vascular, hormonal, renal and neural aspects.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> The control of SAH begins with the detection and continuous observation of blood pressure, prevention of modifiable risk factors and greater access to medicines, Especially, by the unified health system (SUS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The importance of knowing the SAH for the scientific community and for the studied group, is determinant in the systematic follow-up of the victims of the cesium accident for the prevention and monitoring of injuries, since these patients are unique in the world.</p>
      <p>It is also relevant to deepen the study because the relationship between hypertension and radioactivity victims patients has been little explored in medical literature. Other studies conducted with radioactivity victims, such as the reflection of psychosocial aspects on the victims of the accident, were well exploited. However, so far there are few publications linking SAH with radioacticity victims. This study aims to contribute with studies that address the primary prevention and early diagnosis for SAH.</p>
      <p>The study aimed to know the prevalence of SAH in patients exposed to C&#233;sio 137 in an accident in Goi&#226;nia-Goi&#225;s, registered in the SISRAD of C.A.R.A.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>this is an epidemiological study of descriptive, observational, cross-sectional design, carried out in Goi&#226;nia-Goi&#225;s, from August 2013 to November 2014, with patient groups enrolled in C.A.R.A. SISRAD, a unit of the of Health State Department of Goi&#225;s.</p>
      <p>After the approval of the Ethics and Research Committee, data collection was started, guided by SISRAD, with 102 registered patients referring to groups I and II, respectively 40 and 62 patients. 9 of these died, 8 migrated to other states, 4 migrated out of the country, 2 with not found address and 2 resident in other cities in the state of Goi&#225;s and were not found, totaling 25 victims.</p>
      <p>However, during the data collection in visits at home in the capital and metropolitan region of Goi&#226;nia, 23 patients refused to participate in the study, and it was not possible to locate the address of 3 and 3 were not found after two visits.</p>
      <p>In this context, the study was carried out with 48 victims whose SISRAD information used were: name, address and date of birth.</p>
      <p>The data collection instrument consisted of the sociodemographic profile, life habits and personal antecedents with structured and semi-structured queries, containing 41 questions.</p>
      <p>For the sociodemographic profile, 18 questions were used to characterize the radioactivity victim patient. The remaining 23 questions were divided into life habits and personal antecedents. Concerning life habits, there were questions related to smoking (Fagerstrom test), alcoholism, physical activity and food. As for the personal history, there were questions identifying patients with a previous diagnosis of systemic arterial hypertension and its control with the use of antihypertensives.</p>
      <p>The variables were represented by means of descriptive statistics with frequency (absolute and relative) analysis for all participants. Cross-checking between these variables was also performed using statistical software SPSS version 21.</p>
      <p>The data was transported to <italic>Google Forms</italic> and stored, being exported to the statistical software SPSS, version 21.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>The study consisted of 48 individuals belonging to groups I and II, according to classification previously mentioned. Of these, 24 (50%) are women and 24 (50%) are men, with a minimum age of 18 and a maximum of 89 years, being the largest number of patients between the ages of 30 and 59 years. The children of individuals in groups I and II were enrolled in these groups and are followed up by C.A.R.A.</p>
      <p>About the monthly income, 26 patients (54.2%) receive up to 2 minimum wages; 13 patients (27.1%) have income from 4 to 10 minimum wages with reference to the minimum wage amount of R $ 724.00. Of these, 25 (64.1%) declared as economic activity to be pensioners, as explained in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Sociodemographic characteristics of the 48 participants investigated for Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH), radioactivity victims with C&#233;sio 137, living in Goi&#226;nia-Goi&#225;s, Brazil</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="50%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Characteristics</th>
              <th align="center">HYPERTENSE</th>
              <th align="center">NON HYPERTENSIVE</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Mean age (years): 49 (18 a 89)</td>
              <td align="center">61</td>
              <td align="center">45</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Age range</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">18-29</td>
              <td align="center">01</td>
              <td align="center">04</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">30-39</td>
              <td align="center">00</td>
              <td align="center">11</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">40-49</td>
              <td align="center">03</td>
              <td align="center">05</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">50-59</td>
              <td align="center">03</td>
              <td align="center">11</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">60-69</td>
              <td align="center">01</td>
              <td align="center">03</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">70-79</td>
              <td align="center">01</td>
              <td align="center">02</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">80-89</td>
              <td align="center">03</td>
              <td align="center">00</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Gender</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">05</td>
              <td align="center">19</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">07</td>
              <td align="center">17</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Get to know SAH normal band</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">46</td>
              <td align="center">----</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">2</td>
              <td align="center">----</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Civil status</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Single</td>
              <td align="center">06</td>
              <td align="center">-----</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Marriage/unmarried union</td>
              <td align="center">31</td>
              <td align="center">----</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Divorced/widowed</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-----</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Family income</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2 minimum wage</td>
              <td align="center">26</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2 to 4 minimum wage</td>
              <td align="center">08</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">4 to 10 minimum wage</td>
              <td align="center">13</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&gt; 10 minimum wage</td>
              <td align="center">01</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>In terms of life habits, 27 patients reported frequent use of alcohol, 12 (44.4%) reported drinking 1 to 2 times a week; 11 (22.9%) patients stated that they are smokers; 42 (87.5%) reported not considering their salt-rich diet; And 39 (81.2%) reported never or rarely practicing physical activity. When asked if they had already been diagnosed with any disease before the accident with Cesium-137, 44 (91.6%) said they did not.</p>
      <p>When questioned about having a clinical diagnosis of hypertension, 36 (75%) of the total of interviewees stated that they did not have the diagnosis and 12 (25%) knew they were hypertensive, and of these 7 (29.2%) were female and 5 (20.8%) male, as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Distribution of frequency of interviewees according to gender, estimated monthly income and medical diagnosis of SAH.</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2">
							</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">You have medical diagnosis for SAH</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2">Total</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">No</th>
              <th align="center">Yes</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Gender</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">Female</td>
              <td align="center">17</td>
              <td align="center">7</td>
              <td align="center">24</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">70,8%</td>
              <td align="center">29,2%</td>
              <td align="center">50%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">Male</td>
              <td align="center">19</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
              <td align="center">24</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">79,2%</td>
              <td align="center">20,8%</td>
              <td align="center">50%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">Total</td>
              <td align="center">36</td>
              <td align="center">12</td>
              <td align="center">48</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">75,0%</td>
              <td align="center">25,0%</td>
              <td align="center">100%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">Up to 2 minimum wage</td>
              <td align="center">19</td>
              <td align="center">7</td>
              <td align="center">26</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">52,8%</td>
              <td align="center">58,3%</td>
              <td align="center">54,2%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">From 2 to 4 minimum wage</td>
              <td align="center">7</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">19,4%</td>
              <td align="center">8,3%</td>
              <td align="center">16,7%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">From 4 to 10 minimum wage</td>
              <td align="center">9</td>
              <td align="center">4</td>
              <td align="center">13</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">25,0%</td>
              <td align="center">33,3%</td>
              <td align="center">27,1%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">From 10 to 20 minimum wage</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">2,8%</td>
              <td align="center">0%</td>
              <td align="center">2,1%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">Total</td>
              <td align="center">36</td>
              <td align="center">12</td>
              <td align="center">48</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">75,0%</td>
              <td align="center">25,0%</td>
              <td align="center">100%</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Also in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, the frequency distribution according to the gender of patients who report having a medical diagnosis of SAH with an estimated monthly income is shown. According to the data presented, the income of up to 2 minimum wages corresponds to 7 (58.3%) interviewed, from 2 to 4 minimum wages equals 1 (8.3%) and from 4 to 10 wages minimum is equal to 4 (33.3%).</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref> shows the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in the first and second measurements, according to the classification of the VI Brazilian Guidelines for Hypertension (DBH).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Frequency distribution of the interviewees according to the blood pressure measurement in the first and second measurements according to the classification of the VI Brazilian Guidelines for Hypertension</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2">Blood Pressure Levels</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">1<sup>st</sup> measure</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">2<sup>nd</sup> measure</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">Freq.</th>
              <th align="center">Percent</th>
              <th align="center">Freq.</th>
              <th align="center">Percent</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Excellent</td>
              <td align="center">23</td>
              <td align="center">47.92%</td>
              <td align="center">24</td>
              <td align="center">50.00%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normal</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">2.08%</td>
              <td align="center">4</td>
              <td align="center">8.33%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Bordering</td>
              <td align="center">7</td>
              <td align="center">14.58%</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
              <td align="center">10.42%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Hypertension stage 1</td>
              <td align="center">10</td>
              <td align="center">20.83%</td>
              <td align="center">9</td>
              <td align="center">18.75%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Hypertension stage 2</td>
              <td align="center">6</td>
              <td align="center">12.50%</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
              <td align="center">10.42%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Hypertension stage 3</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">2.08%</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">2.08%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total</td>
              <td align="center">48</td>
              <td align="center">100.00%</td>
              <td align="center">48</td>
              <td align="center">100.00%</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>In the first measurement, the optimal classification represents 23 (47.91%) interviewees; The normal classification is equal to 1 (2.08%); The borderline classification is equal to 7 (14.58%). Already the classification stage 1 hypertension represents 10 (20.83%) interviewed; Stage 2 equals 6 (12.5%) and stage 3 equals 1 (2.08%).</p>
      <p>In the second measure, the optimal classification represents 24 (50%) interviewees; The normal classification is equal to 4 (8.3%); The borderline classification is equal to 5 (10.4%). The classification of stage 1 hypertension corresponds to 9 (18.7%); Stage 2 corresponds to 5 (10.4%) and stage 3 corresponds to 1 (2.08%).</p>
      <p>Considering the clinical diagnosis of hypertension, 15 (31.25%) individuals were identified as hypertensive in the second measurement and 5 (10.42%) presented borderline results.</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref> represents the frequency of smoking patients by age group with a predominance of age between 50 and 59 years with 5 (45.5%) smokers.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Frequency Distribution of interviewees' according to age group and use of tobacco</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="2">
							</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">You smoke</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2">Total</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">No</th>
              <th align="center">Yes</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="12">Faixa Et&#225;ria</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">18 to 29</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">13,5%</td>
              <td align="center">9,1%</td>
              <td align="center">12,5%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">30 to 39</td>
              <td align="center">11</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">12</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">29,7%</td>
              <td align="center">9,1%</td>
              <td align="center">25,0%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">40 to 49</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
              <td align="center">2</td>
              <td align="center">7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">13,5%</td>
              <td align="center">18,2%</td>
              <td align="center">14,6%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">50 to 59</td>
              <td align="center">9</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
              <td align="center">14</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">24,3%</td>
              <td align="center">45,5%</td>
              <td align="center">29,2%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">60 to 69</td>
              <td align="center">3</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">8,1%</td>
              <td align="center">9,1%</td>
              <td align="center">8,3%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">70 e mais</td>
              <td align="center">4</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">10,8%</td>
              <td align="center">9,1%</td>
              <td align="center">10,4%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Total</td>
              <td align="center">37</td>
              <td align="center">11</td>
              <td align="center">48</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">100,0%</td>
              <td align="center">100,0%</td>
              <td align="center">100,0%</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Among those who do not smoke, there is a prevalence in the age group of 30 to 39, with 11 (29.7%) smokers, followed by age groups of 50 to 59 years old, with 9 (24.3%).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The results showed that most of the radioactivity victims had no medical diagnosis of SAH. However, there was a prevalence of SAH identified in these subjects of 25%, that is, similar to that of hypertensive individuals in Brazil.</p>
      <p>Therefore, it is relevant to study chronic diseases such as hypertension, since its prevalence in populations not exposed to C&#233;sio-137 is 28% in Brazil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>It is possible to infer that low income is a socioeconomic factor that interferes in the early diagnosis and control of hypertension, since those with income less than 2 minimum wages have less access to consultations, and less financial condition for the purchase of medications.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Several are the determinants for non-adherence to treatment, such as the patient's lack of knowledge about the disease, low socioeconomic status, and high cost of medications.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Another relevant risk factor for SAH in radioactivity was smoking, because smoking causes an acute increase in blood pressure and heart rate, which persists for more than 15 minutes after smoking a cigarette, as a consequence of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, at the central level and at the nerve endings.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
			</p>
      <p>"The prevalence of smokers was 17.2% of the population aged 15 years or more in 2008, demonstrating the decline that occurred along these 20 years."<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A study conducted in the state of Rio Grande do Sul clames that men still smoke more than women, 38% to 29.6%, and smokers with more than 20 cigarettes/day make up the majority: 17.8% of the 33,9%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> These data corroborate with the study presented here, since it reveals that the number of smokers is higher in patients over 50 years and may be influencing the increase of the index of hypertensive in the radioactivity victims.</p>
      <p>Researchers from the city of Goi&#226;nia recommend the continuation of the studies since the late effects of the radiological accident.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> This is because, until the present day, the monitoring reports do not indicate statistically significant data for morbidity and mortality associated with the effects of ionizing radiation, and the somatic effects can be divided into acute or in short-term and late or in long-term effects, depending on the duration of this effects, which is a function of the absorbed dose.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The study presented limitations in terms of population and sample. The loss of individuals enrolled as group III in the SISRAD decreased the impact of this study identified as a potential sampling selection bias between groups I and II included in the sample used. Another limitation was the impossibility of reaching individuals of groups II and III, who would have larger samples. It was also not possible to define the causality of hypertension in radioactivity victims patients.</p>
      <p>Therefore, the lack of information about cesium-137 on the risk of causing SAH, allows us to affirm that the complications of this disease are irreversible and possibly the level of ionizing radiation has caused long-term changes associated with comorbidities such as hypertension.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Final considerations</title>
        <p>The dissemination of information about cesium-137, concerning the risk of causing hypertension, allows us to affirm that the complications of this disease are significant. Based on this exploratory study, it was not possible to identify that the level of ionizing radiation causes long-term changes associated with comorbidities such as hypertension.</p>
        <p>The lack of studies about the health situation of this population, not only in relation to systemic arterial hypertension, but also of other pathologies, especially related to mental health, encourages the development of new researches. This was confirmed by the authors when the data collection instrument was applied, and it was possible to infer to this condition the difficulty found for adherence to this study.</p>
        <p>This way, the study concludes that in the population of radioactivity victims the SAH occurs in a similar way to the population in general.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was funded by the authors.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo cient&#237;fico &#233; originado do Trabalho de Conclus&#227;o de Curso (TCC) de Medicina pelos pesquisadores e respectivos orientadores do Centro Universit&#225;rio de An&#225;polis - UniEVANG&#201;LICA.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
          <subj-group>
            <subject>Epidemiologia</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Sist&#234;mica em Pacientes Expostos ao C&#233;sio-137 em Goi&#226;nia-GO: Estudo de Preval&#234;ncia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Victor Rabelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pinto</surname>
            <given-names>Murillo Mac&#234;do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Figueredo</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Miller Pires</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Helen de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souto</surname>
            <given-names>Rafael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sacchetim</surname>
            <given-names>Sylvana de Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio de An&#225;polis - UniEVANG&#201;LICA, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Secretaria da Sa&#250;de do Estado de Goi&#225;s, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Murillo Mac&#234;do Pinto</bold>, Rua Dayse Fanstone, s/n, Cidade Universit&#225;ria. CEP 75083-450, An&#225;polis, GO - Brasil. E-mail: <email>murillo_bb@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Lima H, Pinto MM, Figueiredo RMP, Rodrigues JVR. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Pinto MM, Figueiredo RMP. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Pinto MM. Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Pinto MM, Figueiredo RMP, Rodrigues JVR. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Lima H, Pinto MM. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Lima H, Sacchetim SC, Pinto MM, Rodrigues JVR. Supervis&#227;o / como investigador principal: Lima H, Sacchetim SC, Souto R.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamentos:</title>
          <p>A Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Sist&#234;mica (HAS) na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira, em popula&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o expostas ao C&#233;sio-137, apresenta preval&#234;ncia de 28% em &#226;mbito nacional. Por&#233;m, no grupo de radioacidentados, esses valores s&#227;o desconhecidos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Analisar a preval&#234;ncia da HAS em pacientes expostos ao C&#233;sio-137 ocorrido em Goi&#226;nia, cadastrados no Sistema de Monitoramento dos Radioacidentados (SISRAD) do Centro de Assist&#234;ncia aos Radioacidentados (C.A.R.A).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo epidemiol&#243;gico do tipo descritivo, observacional de car&#225;ter transversal realizado em Goi&#226;nia-Goi&#225;s, no per&#237;odo de agosto de 2013 a outubro de 2014, com grupo de pacientes cadastrados no Sistema de Monitoramento dos Radioacidentados (SISRAD) do Centro de Assist&#234;ncia aos Radioacidentados (C.A.R.A). Participaram da pesquisa 48 radioacidentados de um total de 102 que foram subdivididos em dois grupos: grupo 1 com 40 e o grupo 2 com 62 participantes. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo com question&#225;rio fechado e semi-estruturado em que foram abordados os seguintes contextos: perfil sociodemogr&#225;fico, h&#225;bitos de vida e antecedentes pessoais. Criou-se um banco de dados utilizando-se o aplicativo <italic>Google Forms</italic>, da empresa de tecnologias na <italic>Web Google</italic>. Os dados devidamente coletados e armazenados foram importados e analisados no <italic>software</italic> estat&#237;stico SPSS, vers&#227;o 21.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Dos 48 entrevistados a preval&#234;ncia de HAS atingiu um total 25% deles (12 indiv&#237;duos), sendo 50% de mulheres (24) e 50% de homens (24), dentre estes, 22,9% (11) dos radioacidentados revelaram ser tabagistas.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>A preval&#234;ncia de HAS na popula&#231;&#227;o de radioacidentados se manifesta de forma semelhante ao da popula&#231;&#227;o em geral.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-Chave:</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>C&#233;sio</kwd>
        <kwd>Radiois&#243;topos de C&#233;sio</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Em setembro de 1987 ocorreu, no estado de Goi&#225;s, na cidade de Goi&#226;nia, o acidente radiol&#243;gico envolvendo o c&#233;sio-137. Foi provocado pela ruptura de um aparelho radioter&#225;pico contendo c&#233;sio-137 (is&#243;topo radioativo), manuseado incorretamente por pessoas leigas e que estava abandonado em uma cl&#237;nica m&#233;dica desativada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Aproximadamente 112 mil pessoas foram envolvidas neste acidente, sendo que 249 foram contaminadas externa ou internamente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> O governo do Estado de Goi&#225;s, por meio da Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de, constituiu um servi&#231;o dedicado &#224; aten&#231;&#227;o a essa popula&#231;&#227;o contaminada.</p>
        <p>Assim, foram categorizados nos grupos I, II e III, conforme normas da <italic>International Atomic Energy Agency</italic> (IAEA), levando-se em conta crit&#233;rios de classifica&#231;&#227;o de acordo com a gravidade das les&#245;es cut&#226;neas e da intensidade de contamina&#231;&#227;o interna e externa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> O Centro de Atendimento aos Radioacidentados (C.A.R.A.), atrav&#233;s das normas da IAEA, classifica os radioacidentados em tr&#234;s grupos conforme a seguir:</p>
        <p>
          <list list-type="simple">
            <list-item>
              <p>- <bold>Grupo I (agendamento de 6/6 meses):</bold> 40 pacientes com radiodermites e/ou dosimetria citogen&#233;tica acima de 0,20 Gy (20 rad) e/ou atividade corporal &#8805; &#189; LIA, correspondente a 1,85 GBq (50 mCi);</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>- <bold>Grupo II (agendamento anual):</bold> 62 pacientes com dosimetria citogen&#233;tica entre 0,05 e 0,20 Gy (5 e 20 rad) e ou atividade corporal inferior a &#189; LIA; e</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>- <bold>Grupo III:</bold> 880 profissionais que lidaram e lidam com material contaminado ou com pacientes irradiados ou contaminados pelo c&#233;sio-137 e popula&#231;&#227;o vizinha dos focos de contamina&#231;&#227;o.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </p>
        <p>O C.A.R.A. &#233; o sucessor de parte das atribui&#231;&#245;es da extinta SuLeide (Superintend&#234;ncia Leide das Neves).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Este coordena o sistema de refer&#234;ncia e contra-refer&#234;ncia dos radioacidentados e tamb&#233;m realiza o monitoramento da sa&#250;de das v&#237;timas. Al&#233;m disso, atua na produ&#231;&#227;o de dados epidemiol&#243;gicos sobre exposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; radia&#231;&#227;o ionizante pelo C&#233;sio-137<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>.</p>
        <p>A radia&#231;&#227;o causa no organismo humano uma s&#233;rie de altera&#231;&#245;es, sendo de caracter&#237;sticas f&#237;sicas, f&#237;sico-qu&#237;micas, qu&#237;micas e biol&#243;gicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> A compreens&#227;o das respostas celulares &#224; radia&#231;&#227;o ionizante &#233; essencial para o desenvolvimento de marcadores, preditivos &#250;teis para avaliar a exposi&#231;&#227;o humana, escassos na literatura.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O limiar de dose para doen&#231;as circulat&#243;rias corresponde a 0,5 Gy, para morbidade e mortalidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> As les&#245;es cardiovasculares s&#227;o variadas e incluem aterosclerose acelerada, fibrose do peric&#225;rdio e do mioc&#225;rdio, anormalidades de condu&#231;&#227;o e les&#245;es nas v&#225;lvulas card&#237;acas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> O risco de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares relacionadas com a radia&#231;&#227;o podem ter rela&#231;&#227;o com os riscos de hipertens&#227;o e outras desordens secund&#225;rias, como o risco de dist&#250;rbios ateroscler&#243;ticos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Sist&#234;mica (HAS) &#233; considerada uma doen&#231;a cr&#244;nica degenerativa, multifatorial, cujos valores tensionais nas paredes dos vasos sangu&#237;neos &#233; &gt; 140 mmHg para press&#227;o sist&#243;lica e &gt; 90 mmHg para diast&#243;lica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Como s&#237;ndrome polig&#234;nica, compreende aspectos gen&#233;ticos, ambientais, vasculares, hormonais, renais e neurais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> O controle da HAS inicia-se com a detec&#231;&#227;o e observa&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua da press&#227;o arterial, preven&#231;&#227;o aos fatores de risco modific&#225;veis e maior facilidade de acesso aos medicamentos, especialmente, pelo Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A import&#226;ncia de conhecer a HAS para a comunidade cient&#237;fica e para o grupo estudado, &#233; determinante no acompanhamento sistem&#225;tico das v&#237;timas do acidente com c&#233;sio para preven&#231;&#227;o e monitoramento de agravos, visto que esses pacientes s&#227;o &#250;nicos no mundo.</p>
        <p>&#201; relevante tamb&#233;m aprofundar no estudo porque a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a hipertens&#227;o e os pacientes radioacidentados foi pouco explorada na literatura m&#233;dica. Outros estudos realizados com os radioacidentados, como o reflexo dos aspectos psicossociais sobre as v&#237;timas do acidente foram muito explorados. No entanto, at&#233; o momento h&#225; poucas publica&#231;&#245;es que relacionem HAS com radioacidentados. Este estudo visa a contribuir com estudos que abordam a preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria e o diagn&#243;stico precoce para a HAS.</p>
        <p>O estudo objetivou conhecer a preval&#234;ncia da HAS em pacientes expostos ao C&#233;sio 137 em acidente ocorrido em Goi&#226;nia-Goi&#225;s, cadastrados no SISRAD do C.A.R.A.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>Trata-se de um estudo epidemiol&#243;gico de delineamento descritivo, tipo observacional, de car&#225;ter transversal, realizado em Goi&#226;nia-Goi&#225;s, no per&#237;odo de agosto de 2013 a novembro de 2014, com grupos de pacientes cadastrados no SISRAD do C.A.R.A, unidade da Secretaria de Estado da Sa&#250;de de Goi&#225;s.</p>
        <p>Ap&#243;s aprova&#231;&#227;o do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica e Pesquisa, iniciou-se a coleta de dados, orientado pelo SISRAD, constando 102 pacientes cadastrados referentes aos grupos I e II, respectivamente 40 e 62 pacientes. Destes 9 faleceram, 8 migraram para outros estados, 4 migraram para fora do pa&#237;s, 2 com o endere&#231;o sem localiza&#231;&#227;o e 2 residem em outras cidades do estado de Goi&#225;s e n&#227;o foram encontrados, totalizando 25 v&#237;timas.</p>
        <p>Entretanto, durante a coleta de dados em visitas domiciliares na capital e regi&#227;o metropolitana de Goi&#226;nia, 23 pacientes se recusaram a participar do estudo, sendo que n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel localizar o endere&#231;o de 3 e outros 3 n&#227;o foram encontrados ap&#243;s duas visitas.</p>
        <p>Dentro desse contexto, o estudo foi realizado com 48 v&#237;timas cujas informa&#231;&#245;es do SISRAD utilizadas foram: nome, endere&#231;o e data de nascimento.</p>
        <p>J&#225; o instrumento de coleta de dados comp&#244;s-se do perfil sociodemogr&#225;fico, h&#225;bitos de vida e antecedentes pessoais com quest&#245;es estruturadas e semiestruturadas, contendo 41 perguntas.</p>
        <p>Para o perfil sociodemogr&#225;fico utilizou-se 18 perguntas para caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do paciente radioacidentado. As demais 23 quest&#245;es distribu&#237;ram-se em h&#225;bitos de vida e antecedentes pessoais. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos h&#225;bitos de vida houve perguntas relativas ao tabagismo (teste de Fagerstrom), etilismo, atividade f&#237;sica e alimenta&#231;&#227;o. J&#225; para os antecedentes pessoais, houve quest&#245;es, identificando pacientes com diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica e o seu controle com o uso de anti-hipertensivos.</p>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis foram representadas por meio de estat&#237;stica descritiva com an&#225;lise de frequ&#234;ncia (absoluta e relativa) para o conjunto dos participantes. Foi realizado, tamb&#233;m, o cruzamento entre essas vari&#225;veis se utilizando o software estat&#237;stico SPSS vers&#227;o 21.</p>
        <p>Os dados foram transportados para o <italic>Google Forms</italic> e armazenados, realizando-se sua exporta&#231;&#227;o para o software estat&#237;stico SPSS, vers&#227;o 21.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>O estudo comp&#245;e-se de 48 indiv&#237;duos pertencentes aos grupos I e II, conforme classifica&#231;&#227;o anteriormente citada. Destes, 24 (50%) s&#227;o mulheres e 24 (50%) s&#227;o homens, com idade m&#237;nima de 18 e m&#225;xima de 89 anos, sendo o maior n&#250;mero de pacientes na faixa et&#225;ria entre 30 e 59 anos. Os filhos dos indiv&#237;duos referentes aos grupos I e II foram cadastrados nestes grupos e s&#227;o acompanhados pelo C.A.R.A.</p>
        <p>Acerca da renda mensal, 26 pacientes (54,2%) recebem at&#233; 2 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos; 13 pacientes (27,1%) t&#234;m renda de 4 a 10 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos tendo como refer&#234;ncia o valor do sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo de R$ 724,00. Desses, 25 (64,1%) declararam como atividade econ&#244;mica serem pensionistas, conforme explicitado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;fico dos 48 participantes investigados para Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Sist&#234;mica (HAS), radioacidentados com C&#233;sio 137, residentes em Goi&#226;nia-Goi&#225;s, Brasil</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                <th align="center">HIPERTENSOS</th>
                <th align="center">N&#195;O HIPERTENSOS</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">M&#233;dia de idade (anos): 49 (18 a 89)</td>
                <td align="center">61</td>
                <td align="center">45</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Faixa Et&#225;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">18-29</td>
                <td align="center">01</td>
                <td align="center">04</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">30-39</td>
                <td align="center">00</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">40-49</td>
                <td align="center">03</td>
                <td align="center">05</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">50-59</td>
                <td align="center">03</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">60-69</td>
                <td align="center">01</td>
                <td align="center">03</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">70-79</td>
                <td align="center">01</td>
                <td align="center">02</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">80-89</td>
                <td align="center">03</td>
                <td align="center">00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">05</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">07</td>
                <td align="center">17</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Conhece valores normais da HAS</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">46</td>
                <td align="center">----</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">----</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Estado civil</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Solteiro</td>
                <td align="center">06</td>
                <td align="center">-----</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Casado/uni&#227;o consensual</td>
                <td align="center">31</td>
                <td align="center">----</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Separado/vi&#250;vo</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
                <td align="center">-----</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Renda familiar</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8804; 2 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                <td align="center">26</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">2 a 4 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                <td align="center">08</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">4 a 10 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                <td align="center">13</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; 10 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                <td align="center">01</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Em se tratando de h&#225;bitos de vida, 27 pacientes afirmaram fazer uso de &#225;lcool com frequ&#234;ncia, sendo que 12 (44,4%) declaram consumo de 1 a 2 vezes por semana; 11 (22,9%) pacientes afirmam serem fumantes; 42 (87,5%) relatam n&#227;o considerar sua alimenta&#231;&#227;o rica em sal; e 39 (81,2%) declararam nunca ou raramente praticar atividade f&#237;sica. Quando perguntados se j&#225; haviam sido diagnosticados com alguma doen&#231;a antes do acidente com o C&#233;sio-137, 44 (91,6%) afirmam que n&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Do total de entrevistados, quando questionados sobre ter diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico de HAS, 36 (75%) afirmaram que n&#227;o possu&#237;am o diagn&#243;stico e 12 (25%) sabiam que eram hipertensos, sendo destes 7 (29,2%) indiv&#237;duos do sexo feminino e 5 (20,8%) do sexo masculino, conforme apresentado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 2</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o de frequ&#234;ncia dos entrevistados de acordo com sexo, renda mensal estimada e o diagn&#243;stico m&#233;dico de HAS</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Voc&#234; tem o diagn&#243;stico m&#233;dico de HAS</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">Total</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">N&#227;o</th>
                <th align="center">Sim</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">17</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">24</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">70,8%</td>
                <td align="center">29,2%</td>
                <td align="center">50%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">24</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">79,2%</td>
                <td align="center">20,8%</td>
                <td align="center">50%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">Total</td>
                <td align="center">36</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
                <td align="center">48</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">75,0%</td>
                <td align="center">25,0%</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">At&#233; 2 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">26</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">52,8%</td>
                <td align="center">58,3%</td>
                <td align="center">54,2%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">De 2 a 4 sal&#225;rios</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">19,4%</td>
                <td align="center">8,3%</td>
                <td align="center">16,7%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">De 4 a 10 sal&#225;rios</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
                <td align="center">4</td>
                <td align="center">13</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">25,0%</td>
                <td align="center">33,3%</td>
                <td align="center">27,1%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">De 10 a 20 sal&#225;rios</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">2,8%</td>
                <td align="center">0%</td>
                <td align="center">2,1%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">Total</td>
                <td align="center">36</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
                <td align="center">48</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">75,0%</td>
                <td align="center">25,0%</td>
                <td align="center">100%</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Ainda na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 2</xref>, &#233; evidenciada a distribui&#231;&#227;o de frequ&#234;ncia de acordo com o g&#234;nero dos pacientes que declaram ter diagn&#243;stico m&#233;dico de HAS com renda mensal estimada. Assim, pelos dados apresentados, demonstra-se que a renda de at&#233; 2 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos corresponde a 7 (58,3%) entrevistados, de 2 a 4 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos &#233; igual a 1 (8,3%) e de 4 a 10 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos &#233; igual a 4 (33,3%).</p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 3</xref> exibe a press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica, na primeira e segunda medidas, aferidos de acordo com a classifica&#231;&#227;o da VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o (DBH).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o de frequ&#234;ncia dos entrevistados de acordo com a aferi&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial na primeira e segunda medida segundo a classifica&#231;&#227;o da VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o9</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">N&#237;veis de Press&#227;o Arterial</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">1&#170; Medida</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">2&#170; Medida</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">Freq.</th>
                <th align="center">Percentual</th>
                <th align="center">Freq.</th>
                <th align="center">Percentual</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#211;tima</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">47.92%</td>
                <td align="center">24</td>
                <td align="center">50.00%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Normal</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">2.08%</td>
                <td align="center">4</td>
                <td align="center">8.33%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Lim&#237;trofe</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">14.58%</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">10.42%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o est&#225;gio 1</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
                <td align="center">20.83%</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
                <td align="center">18.75%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o est&#225;gio 2</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">12.50%</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">10.42%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o est&#225;gio 3</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">2.08%</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">2.08%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total</td>
                <td align="center">48</td>
                <td align="center">100.00%</td>
                <td align="center">48</td>
                <td align="center">100.00%</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Na primeira medida, a classifica&#231;&#227;o &#243;tima representa 23 (47,91%) entrevistados; a classifica&#231;&#227;o normal &#233; igual a 1 (2,08%); a classifica&#231;&#227;o lim&#237;trofe &#233; igual a 7 (14,58%). J&#225; a classifica&#231;&#227;o hipertens&#227;o est&#225;gio 1 representa 10 (20,83%) entrevistados; a est&#225;gio 2 &#233; igual a 6 (12,5%) e a est&#225;gio 3 &#233; igual a 1 (2,08%).</p>
        <p>Na segunda medida, a classifica&#231;&#227;o &#243;tima representa 24 (50%) entrevistados; a classifica&#231;&#227;o normal &#233; igual a 4 (8,3%); a classifica&#231;&#227;o lim&#237;trofe &#233; igual a 5 (10,4%). J&#225; a classifica&#231;&#227;o hipertens&#227;o est&#225;gio 1 corresponde a 9 (18,7%); a est&#225;gio 2 corresponde a 5 (10,4%) e a est&#225;gio 3 corresponde a 1 (2,08%).</p>
        <p>Considerando o diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico de HAS, 15 (31,25 %) indiv&#237;duos foram identificados como hipertensos na segunda medi&#231;&#227;o e 5 (10,42 %) apresentaram resultados lim&#237;trofes.</p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 4</xref> representa a frequ&#234;ncia de pacientes tabagistas por faixa et&#225;ria com predom&#237;nio da idade entre 50 e 59 anos com 5 (45,5%) fumantes.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o de frequ&#234;ncia dos entrevistados de acordo com a faixa et&#225;ria e o uso de tabaco</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="2">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Voc&#234; fuma</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">Total</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">N&#227;o</th>
                <th align="center">Sim</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="12">Faixa Et&#225;ria</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">18 a 29</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">13,5%</td>
                <td align="center">9,1%</td>
                <td align="center">12,5%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">30 a 39</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">29,7%</td>
                <td align="center">9,1%</td>
                <td align="center">25,0%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">40 a 49</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">13,5%</td>
                <td align="center">18,2%</td>
                <td align="center">14,6%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">50 a 59</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">14</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">24,3%</td>
                <td align="center">45,5%</td>
                <td align="center">29,2%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">60 a 69</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">8,1%</td>
                <td align="center">9,1%</td>
                <td align="center">8,3%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">70 e mais</td>
                <td align="center">4</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">10,8%</td>
                <td align="center">9,1%</td>
                <td align="center">10,4%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Total</td>
                <td align="center">37</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
                <td align="center">48</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">100,0%</td>
                <td align="center">100,0%</td>
                <td align="center">100,0%</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Dos que n&#227;o fumam, h&#225; predom&#237;nio na faixa et&#225;ria de 30 a 39 com 11 (29,7%) fumantes, seguido das faixas et&#225;rias de 50 a 59 anos com 9 (24,3%).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Os resultados apontaram que a maior parte dos radioacidentados n&#227;o possui diagn&#243;stico m&#233;dico de HAS. Entretanto, houve uma preval&#234;ncia de HAS identificada nesses sujeitos de 25%, ou seja, similar &#224; de hipertensos no Brasil.</p>
        <p>Diante disso, torna-se relevante estudos de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas como a HAS, visto que, sua preval&#234;ncia em popula&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o expostas ao C&#233;sio-137 &#233; de 28% em se tratando do Brasil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>&#201; poss&#237;vel inferir que a baixa renda &#233; um fator socioecon&#244;mico que interfere no diagn&#243;stico precoce e controle da HAS, pois aqueles com renda inferior a 2 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos t&#234;m menor acesso a consultas e menor condi&#231;&#227;o financeira para a compra de medicamentos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> V&#225;rios s&#227;o os determinantes para a n&#227;o-ades&#227;o ao tratamento, tal como a falta de conhecimento por parte do paciente sobre a doen&#231;a, baixo n&#237;vel socioecon&#244;mico e custo elevado dos medicamentos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Outro fator de risco relevante para a HAS nos radioacidentados foi o tabagismo, por que fumar provoca um aumento agudo da press&#227;o arterial e da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, que persiste por mais de 15 minutos depois de fumar um cigarro, como consequ&#234;ncia da estimula&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso simp&#225;tico, a n&#237;vel central e nas termina&#231;&#245;es nervosas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
				</p>
        <p>"A preval&#234;ncia de fumantes era de 17,2% da popula&#231;&#227;o com 15 anos ou mais em 2008, demonstrando a queda ocorrida ao longo desses 20 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>"</p>
        <p>Estudo realizado no estado do Rio Grande do Sul afirma que os homens ainda fumam mais que as mulheres, 38% para 29,6% e, os fumantes com mais de 20 cigarros/dia, constituem a maioria: 17,8% dos 33,9%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Tais dados corroboram com o estudo aqui apresentado, pois revela que a quantidade de fumantes &#233; mais elevada nos pacientes com mais de 50 anos e pode estar influenciando no aumento do &#237;ndice de hipertensos nos radioacidentados.</p>
        <p>Pesquisadores do munic&#237;pio de Goi&#226;nia recomendam o prosseguimento dos estudos, tendo em vista os efeitos tardios decorrentes do acidente radiol&#243;gico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Isso por que, at&#233; os dias de hoje, os relat&#243;rios de monitoramento n&#227;o apontam dados estatisticamente significantes para morbimortalidade associadas aos efeitos da radia&#231;&#227;o ionizante, sendo que os efeitos som&#225;ticos podem ser divididos em agudos ou em curto prazo e tardios ou em longo prazo, dependendo do tempo de manifesta&#231;&#227;o dos efeitos, que &#233; fun&#231;&#227;o da dose absorvida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O estudo realizado apresentou limita&#231;&#245;es quanto &#224; sua popula&#231;&#227;o e amostra. A perda de indiv&#237;duos cadastrados como grupo III no SISRAD, diminuiu o impacto deste estudo identificado como um potencial vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o de amostragem entre os grupos I e II inclu&#237;dos na amostra utilizada. Outra limita&#231;&#227;o foi impossibilidade de atingir indiv&#237;duos dos grupos II e III, que teriam amostras maiores. Tamb&#233;m n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel definir a causalidade da hipertens&#227;o nos pacientes radioacidentados.</p>
        <p>Logo, a car&#234;ncia de informa&#231;&#245;es acerca do c&#233;sio-137 quanto ao risco de causar HAS, nos permite afirmar que as complica&#231;&#245;es dessa doen&#231;a s&#227;o irrevers&#237;veis e possivelmente o n&#237;vel de radia&#231;&#227;o ionizante tenha causado altera&#231;&#245;es a longo prazo associando-se a comorbidades como a hipertens&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Considera&#231;&#245;es finais</title>
          <p>A difus&#227;o de informa&#231;&#245;es acerca do c&#233;sio-137, quanto ao risco de causar hipertens&#227;o, nos permite afirmar que as complica&#231;&#245;es dessa doen&#231;a s&#227;o significativas. Baseado neste estudo explorat&#243;rio n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel identificar que o n&#237;vel de radia&#231;&#227;o ionizante seja causador de altera&#231;&#245;es a longo prazo associando a comorbidades como a HAS.</p>
          <p>A car&#234;ncia de estudos acerca da situa&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de desta popula&#231;&#227;o, n&#227;o s&#243; em rela&#231;&#227;o a hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, como tamb&#233;m de outras patologias, especialmente relacionadas a sa&#250;de mental, fomenta o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas. Tal constata&#231;&#227;o se deu pelos autores quando do momento da aplica&#231;&#227;o do instrumento de coleta de dados, podendo-se inferir a essa condi&#231;&#227;o a dificuldade encontrada para ades&#227;o a esse estudo.</p>
          <p>Dessa forma, o estudo conclui que na popula&#231;&#227;o de radioacidentados a HAS ocorre de forma semelhante &#224; da popula&#231;&#227;o em geral.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pelos autores.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo cient&#237;fico &#233; originado do Trabalho de Conclus&#227;o de Curso (TCC) de Medicina pelos pesquisadores e respectivos orientadores do Centro Universit&#225;rio de An&#225;polis - UniEVANG&#201;LICA.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
