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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">ZxNrJPqYJRNGsPgYz8VWjdk</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2017000500390</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170054</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Special Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Data Sharing: A New Editorial Initiative of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Implications for the Editors&#180; Network</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alfonso</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
          <on-behalf-of>On behalf of the Editors&#8217; Network European Society of Cardiology Task Force</on-behalf-of>
          <role>Chairman</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Adamyan</surname>
            <given-names>Karlen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Artigou</surname>
            <given-names>Jean-Yves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aschermann</surname>
            <given-names>Michael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Boehm</surname>
            <given-names>Michael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Buendia</surname>
            <given-names>Alfonso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chu</surname>
            <given-names>Pao-Hsien</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cohen</surname>
            <given-names>Ariel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cas</surname>
            <given-names>Livio Dei</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dilic</surname>
            <given-names>Mirza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">10</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Doubell</surname>
            <given-names>Anton</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">11</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Echeverri</surname>
            <given-names>Dario</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">12</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>En&#231;</surname>
            <given-names>Nuray</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">13</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira-Gonz&#225;lez</surname>
            <given-names>Ignacio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">14</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Filipiak</surname>
            <given-names>Krzysztof J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">15</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Flammer</surname>
            <given-names>Andreas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">16</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fleck</surname>
            <given-names>Eckart</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">17</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gatzov</surname>
            <given-names>Plamen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">18</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ginghina</surname>
            <given-names>Carmen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">19</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Goncalves</surname>
            <given-names>Lino</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">20</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Haouala</surname>
            <given-names>Habib</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">21</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hassanein</surname>
            <given-names>Mahmoud</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22">22</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Heusch</surname>
            <given-names>Gerd</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23">23</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Huber</surname>
            <given-names>Kurt</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">24</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hul&#237;n</surname>
            <given-names>Ivan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">25</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ivanusa</surname>
            <given-names>Mario</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">26</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Krittayaphong</surname>
            <given-names>Rungroj</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">27</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lau</surname>
            <given-names>Chu-Pak</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28">28</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marinskis</surname>
            <given-names>Germanas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29">29</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mach</surname>
            <given-names>Fran&#231;ois</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30">30</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Felipe</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31">31</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nieminen</surname>
            <given-names>Tuomo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32">32</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oukerraj</surname>
            <given-names>Latifa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff33">33</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Perings</surname>
            <given-names>Stefan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff34">34</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pierard</surname>
            <given-names>Luc</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff35">35</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Potpara</surname>
            <given-names>Tatjana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff36">36</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Reyes-Caorsi</surname>
            <given-names>Walter</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff37">37</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rim</surname>
            <given-names>Se-Joong</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff38">38</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>R&#248;devand</surname>
            <given-names>Olaf</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff39">39</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Saade</surname>
            <given-names>Georges</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff40">40</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sander</surname>
            <given-names>Mikael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff41">41</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shlyakhto</surname>
            <given-names>Evgeny</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff42">42</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Timuralp</surname>
            <given-names>Bilgin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff43">43</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tousoulis</surname>
            <given-names>Dimitris</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff44">44</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ural</surname>
            <given-names>Dilek</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff45">45</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Piek</surname>
            <given-names>J. J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff46">46</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Varga</surname>
            <given-names>Albert</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff47">47</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>L&#252;scher</surname>
            <given-names>Thomas F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff48">48</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Editors&#180;Network</institution>
        <country country="FR">France</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Editors&#180;Network</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Armenian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="FR">France</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Armenian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Archives des maladies du c&#339;ur et des vaisseaux Pratique</institution>
        <country country="FR">France</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Archives des maladies du c&#339;sur et des vaisseaux Pratique</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cor et Vasa</institution>
        <country country="CZ">Czech Republic</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cor et Vasa</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Clinical Research in Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="DE">Germany</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Clinical Research in Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Archivos de Cardiologia de Mexico</institution>
        <country country="MX">Mexico</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Archivos de Cardiologia de Mexico</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Acta Cardiologica Sinica</institution>
        <country country="TW">Taiwan</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Acta Cardiologica Sinica</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution>
        <country country="FR">France</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine</institution>
        <country country="IT">Italy</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>10</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Medicinski Zurnal</institution>
        <country country="BA">Bosnia and Herzegovina</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Medicinski Zurnal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff11">
        <label>11</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">SAHeart</institution>
        <country country="ZA">South Africa</country>
        <institution content-type="original">SAHeart</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff12">
        <label>12</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Revista Colombiana de Cardiologia</institution>
        <country country="CO">Colombia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Revista Colombiana de Cardiologia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff13">
        <label>13</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Kardiyovaskuler Hemsirelik Dergisi</institution>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Kardiyovaskuler Hemsirelik Dergisi</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff14">
        <label>14</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Revista Espa&#241;ola de Cardiolog&#237;a</institution>
        <country country="ES">Spain</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Revista Espa&#241;ola de Cardiolog&#237;a</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff15">
        <label>15</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Kardiologia Polska</institution>
        <country country="PL">Poland</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Kardiologia Polska</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff16">
        <label>16</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cardiovascular Medecine</institution>
        <country country="IT">Italy</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiovascular Medecine</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff17">
        <label>17</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cardio News</institution>
        <country country="US">United States</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardio News</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff18">
        <label>18</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Bulgarian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="BG">Bulgaria</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Bulgarian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff19">
        <label>19</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Romanian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="RO">Romania</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Romanian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff20">
        <label>20</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia</institution>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff21">
        <label>21</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cardiologie Tunisienne</institution>
        <country country="TN">Tunisia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiologie Tunisienne</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff22">
        <label>22</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">The Egyptian Heart Journal</institution>
        <country country="EG">Egypt</country>
        <institution content-type="original">The Egyptian Heart Journal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff23">
        <label>23</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Basic Research in Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="DE">Germany</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Basic Research in Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff24">
        <label>24</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Austrain Journal fo Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="AT">Austria</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Austrain Journal fo Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff25">
        <label>25</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cardiology Letters</institution>
        <country country="SK">Sikkim</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiology Letters</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff26">
        <label>26</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cardiologia Croatica</institution>
        <country country="HR">Croatia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiologia Croatica</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff27">
        <label>27</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Thai Heart Journal</institution>
        <country country="TH">Thailand</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Thai Heart Journal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff28">
        <label>28</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Journal of the Hong Kong Colleage of Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="HK">Hong Kong</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Journal of the Hong Kong Colleage of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff29">
        <label>29</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Seminars in Cardiovascular Medicine</institution>
        <country country="LT">Lithuania</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Seminars in Cardiovascular Medicine</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff30">
        <label>30</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cardiovascular Medecine</institution>
        <country country="IT">Italy</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiovascular Medecine</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff31">
        <label>31</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff32">
        <label>32</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Syd&#228;n&#228;&#228;ni (Heart Beat)</institution>
        <country country="FI">Finland</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Syd&#228;n&#228;&#228;ni (Heart Beat)</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff33">
        <label>33</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">La Revue Marocaine de Cardiologie</institution>
        <country country="MA">Morocco</country>
        <institution content-type="original">La Revue Marocaine de Cardiologie</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff34">
        <label>34</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Der Kardiologie</institution>
        <country country="DE">Germany</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Der Kardiologie</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff35">
        <label>35</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Acta Cardiologica</institution>
        <country country="BE">Belgium</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Acta Cardiologica</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff36">
        <label>36</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Heart and Blood Vessels</institution>
        <country country="RS">Serbia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Heart and Blood Vessels</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff37">
        <label>37</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Revista Uruguaya de Cardiologia</institution>
        <country country="UY">Uruguay</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Revista Uruguaya de Cardiologia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff38">
        <label>38</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Korean Circulation Journal</institution>
        <country country="KP">Korea</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Korean Circulation Journal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff39">
        <label>39</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hjerteforum</institution>
        <country country="NO">Norway</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hjerteforum</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff40">
        <label>40</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Heart News</institution>
        <country country="US">United States</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Heart News</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff41">
        <label>41</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cardiologisk Forum</institution>
        <country country="DK">Denmark</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiologisk Forum</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff42">
        <label>42</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Russian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Russian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff43">
        <label>43</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Anatolian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Anatolian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff44">
        <label>44</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hellenic Journal of Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="FR">France</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hellenic Journal of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff45">
        <label>45</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology</institution>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff46">
        <label>46</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Netherlands Heart Journal</institution>
        <country country="NL">Netherlands</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Netherlands Heart Journal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff47">
        <label>47</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cardiologia Hungarica</institution>
        <country country="HU">Hungary</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiologia Hungarica</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff48">
        <label>48</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">European Heart Journal</institution>
        <country country="FR">France</country>
        <institution content-type="original">European Heart Journal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Fernando Alfonso</bold>, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci&#243;n sanitaria IIS-IP, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Madrid. Diego de Le&#243;n, 62. Madrid - Spain. Email: <email>falf@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
          <label>*</label>
          <p>On behalf of the Editors' Network European Society of Cardiology Task Force.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Disclosures</bold>
          </p>
          <p>None of the Editors or authors of this paper has any potential conflict of interest that needs to be disclosed in relation to this manuscript.</p>
          <p>This is a joint simultaneous publication initiative involving all interested National and Affiliated Cardiovascular Journals of the European Society of Cardiology.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>108</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>390</fpage>
      <lpage>395</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <p>The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) provides recommendations to improve the editorial standards and scientific quality of biomedical journals. These recommendations range from uniform technical requirements to more complex and elusive editorial issues including ethical aspects of the scientific process. Recently, registration of clinical trials, conflicts of interest disclosure, and new criteria for authorship - emphasizing the importance of responsibility and accountability-, have been proposed. Last year, a new editorial initiative to foster sharing of clinical trial data was launched. This review discusses this novel initiative with the aim of increasing awareness among readers, investigators, authors and editors belonging to the Editors&#180; Network of the European Society of Cardiology.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Editorial Ethics</kwd>
        <kwd>Scientific Process</kwd>
        <kwd>Data Sharing</kwd>
        <kwd>Clinical Trial</kwd>
        <kwd>Trial Registration</kwd>
        <kwd>Authorship</kwd>
        <kwd>Conflict of Interest</kwd>
        <kwd>Big-data</kwd>
        <kwd>Scientific Journals</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>The Editors&#180; Network of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) is committed to promoting the implementation of high-quality editorial standards among ESC National Societies Cardiovascular Journals (NSCJ).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> NSCJ play a major role in disseminating high-quality scientific research. However, they also play a relevant role in education and harmonization of clinical practice.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Most NSCJ are published in local languages, but many have English editions and have gained international scientific recognition.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> NSCJ well complements official ESC journals and, altogether, provide an effective means to disseminate European cardiovascular research. In a globalized and highly competitive editorial environment, promoting high quality editorial standards remains of paramount importance to increase the scientific prestige of NSCJ.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> From its conception, the Editors&#180; Network strongly advocated for the adherence to the uniform recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> In its mission statement document the Editors&#180; Network committed to adapt NSCJ to follow these general editorial recommendations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> However, NSCJ are highly heterogeneous in scope and contents and these new recommendations should be embraced progressively, considering currently existing editorial policies and the editorial freedom of the NSCJ.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Ethical issues play a growing role in ensuring the credibility of the scientific process.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Biomedical research relies on trust. However, transparency also represents a major tenet in the scientific process.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> This review will discuss the new editorial recommendations on data sharing issued by the ICMJE.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Novel ICMJE recommendations always appear as provocative, and often as too ambitious, when initially presented. Moreover, implementation of editorial changes is rather demanding from a technical and logistical viewpoint. Adherence to novel editorial initiatives is challenging not only for editors, but also for the entire scientific community. Therefore, many Editors have a natural tendency to avoid stepping ahead as early adopters of new editorial experiments and usually prefer to keep moving within their comfort zone until the sea change has matured.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> However, experience has taught us that all editorial initiatives developed by the ICMJE eventually prevailed and played a critical role in maintaining the credibility of the scientific process.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Highly successful recent examples include trial registration, a conflicts of interest initiative and the new requirements for authorship.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
		</p>
    <p>The novel ICMJE recommendations on data sharing<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> are discussed herein from a didactic perspective with the aim to provide new editorial insights and, hopefully, to be progressively adopted and implemented by the NSCJ.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>Sharing clinical trial data: the new ICMJE proposal</title>
      <p>The ICMJE considers that there is a moral obligation to responsibly share the data generated by clinical trials.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> The rationale underlying this global endeavor is that patients have assumed a risk by accepting to participate in a trial. Accordingly, making the obtained data publicly available represents a responsible initiative to facilitate the advancement of science. Sharing the data would increase trust in the conclusions reached by trials. Indeed, data sharing allows confirmation of the results by independent research.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Furthermore, new hypotheses may be pursued by different groups of investigators. This initiative may foster the leveraging of data to answer different research questions not contemplated in the original study. If science becomes an open process, then many researchers would benefit by taking advantage of reliable data generated somewhere else. Therefore, data sharing emerges as the best way to ensure that all the information gathered by trials is made freely and widely available, so that it can be readily used to advance scientific knowledge.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> The use of previously collected data to further advance science is difficult to criticize. As discussed, this honours the volunteerism of the patients who signed up and consented to participate in a trial.</p>
      <p>Governments, funding agencies, scientific societies, the industry and even the lay society growingly demand sharing clinical trial data. Therefore, the ICMJE suggests that editors should help to meet this ethical obligation by devising new editorial policies specifically addressing this issue.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Proponents of open science should be pleased by this new editorial requirement of sharing clinical trial data.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The first consideration is to clarify what a clinical trial is exactly. According to the ICMJE definition, a clinical trial is a study that prospectively assigns people to an intervention in order to assess the cause-and-effect relationship between that intervention and the ensuing health outcome.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The ICMJE considers that sharing <italic>de-identified</italic> individual patient data should become part of the publication process of clinical trials.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> This strategy protects patient&#180;s confidentiality rights. The requirement, however, is restricted to the individual-patient data underpinning the results presented in the published article. Importantly, a clear plan for data sharing should be disclosed at the time of initial trial registration and should be also presented at the time of manuscript submission. The proposal requires clinical trialists to declare that they will share their data publically as a prerequisite for publishing the trial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> They should promise to freely release individual patient raw data at the time they submit the manuscript for consideration.</p>
      <p>It is important to keep in mind that clinical trial registration was a previous ICMJE editorial initiative aimed to address problems related to publication bias (selective publication of positive trials), endpoints inconsistency and redundant research.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Potentially, public repositories provide an optimal tool not only for initial trial registration but also for individual-patient data sharing. From now on the plan for data-sharing would be an important step of the clinical trial registration initiative.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Details on whether the data would be freely available upon request, or only after a formal application that eventually will be approved after an agreement is reached on data use conditions, should be presented. Finally, it has been proposed that the data should be made public no more than 6 months after publication of the original study in the journal.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://Clinicaltrials.com">Clinicaltrials.com</ext-link></italic>, a widely used non-for profit scientific repository,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> has already adapted its registration platform to specifically clarify data-sharing plans at the time of clinical trial registration.</p>
      <p>Obviously, this editorial initiative may have profound consequences on the planning, conduction and reporting of clinical trials and, in fact, may deeply influence research and publication strategies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> As a result, the idea is to implement this requirement for any clinical trial that begins to enroll patients 1 year after the official adoption of this editorial policy by the corresponding journal.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> The initiative will also have major implications for the editorial process. Indeed, Editors are supposed to monitor the data sharing process and, eventually, address potential irregularities. These might include requests of clarification to the authors, notification to academic institutions, publication of expressions of concern or even retractions.</p>
      <p>Finally, the ICJME acknowledges that the rights of the investigators and sponsors should be protected.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Moreover, credit to the original report should be granted by including a unique identifier of the data set. It is emphasized that credit should be always given to the original investigators that posted the data after publication of their research. Furthermore, additional investigators using these databases should request collaboration of the investigators that originally collected the data to ensure adequate data interpretation, management and analysis.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Challenges of data sharing</title>
      <p>Although it appears clear that this initiative will further improve transparency and the overall integrity of the scientific literature, some remaining issues need to be addressed. There is inherent resistance to embrace open science initiatives from some academic institutions or investigators that defend the idea of exploiting their own data.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> Until now clinical researchers were discouraged from working with clinical trial data they did not generate themselves.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> Likewise, trialists tended to see trial data as their personal property and would routinely refuse requests for data sharing. In fact, until very recently most researchers and pharmaceutical industry groups were opposed to making raw data available after trial publication. This practice, however, differs from other disciplines (as genomics or economics) where data sharing has been common place for a long time.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Obtaining reliable, high-quality original data requires a major research effort. Allowing a sufficient period of time from the time of article publication to the need to share the raw data would give original investigators the possibility of publishing additional subgroup analyses from their own data.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> This new proposal will further increase the pressure on academic investigators that frequently do not have the required resources to publish their subsequent analyses and require time to prepare the new manuscripts.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Notably, most researchers have no experience with the process of releasing or dealing with public data. Furthermore, the effort and resources required to organize the raw data in a way that would be comprehensible to other investigators remain a cause of major concern.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> This would require technical support and adequate funding.</p>
      <p>Data-access to non-trial researchers may disclose problems not recognized by the initial investigators. Although this will increase transparency and, therefore, trust in trial results, it might also generate confusion and undue scientific controversies. It is difficult to envision how the new researchers will gain the required detailed knowledge of the complicated datasets enjoyed by the original trial investigators.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> A reliable assessment of the data requires a deep knowledge on the study background and to be able to properly address many nuances and practical considerations. These include precise information on the way variables were defined, how data was collected and how results were finally coded and entered into the database. The initiative might be fraught with problems related to incorrect analysis resulting in inaccurate results and erroneous interpretations, potentially damaging science.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Finally, Editors, already deluged with work, will need to check that all of the raw data of the published articles eventually has been released as promised. Different results may emerge from misconceptions regarding what data should be analysed to answer specific questions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> If there are differences in results, it will be difficult to decide which analysis provides the most accurate reflection of the data. This could generate undue <italic>scientific noise</italic>, with contradictory results and rectifications, which may generate confusion and frustration in the scientific community. Finally, this may also promote the simultaneous publication in several journals of conflicting results from the same database by different groups.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
			</p>
      <p>As many issues still should be clarified, the ICMJE asked for feedback on its preliminary editorial proposal on clinical trial data sharing.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Obviously, the initiative will only gain the required maturity from the experience gained during its adoption and implementation.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Previous initiatives on data sharing</title>
      <p>Several leading academic entities previously have worked in this field. The <italic>British Medical Journal</italic> pioneered an editorial initiative of data sharing.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> In 2012 this policy took effect only for trials on drugs and devices but, in 2015, the requirement of data sharing on request was extended to all submitted clinical trials.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> It has been proposed that individual patient data may also be of major value during the <italic>peer review</italic> process by permitting independent verification of the results before final publication.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Although this initiative might be of potential value most reviewers are already deluged with work and this extra task could generate fatigue and burn out phenomena. In addition, many good clinical reviewers do not have the expertise required to manage data and to perform confirmatory statistical analyses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Some journals, as JAMA, previously developed some related editorial initiatives including the request for independent statistical analyses by an academic statistician of industry-sponsored trials.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) previously made important declarations on clinical trial transparency. In this regard, the IOM issued specific guidelines for trial data sharing.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> WHO initially presented a statement on public disclosure of clinical trial results and, subsequently, encouraged sharing of research datasets whenever appropriate.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> More recently, the WHO developed global norms for sharing data and results during public health emergencies, with special focus on clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic features of new infectious diseases and experimental therapeutics and vaccines. In emergency situations, data needs to be shared quickly before the information is formally published.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Finally, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) presented detailed data-sharing practices allowing public access to trial raw data and developed a data repository currently including over half a million patients from over 100 trials and observational studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> In 2015 the NHLBI discussed its intent to make public the digital data from its funded trials.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Platforms and repositories</title>
      <p>Up to 30,000 clinical trials are conducted annually worldwide generating a huge volume of patient-level raw data.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> Currently, however, available portals for data sharing are still not adequate. Most of them require a time consuming request, including a detailed research proposal with the study design, main endpoints and a statistical plan.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> The submitted proposal is then reviewed by an independent research panel that decides whether to approve the request for data.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> Currently, this process takes too long and when eventually the data is obtained oftentimes it is not readily usable.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> However, the means to facilitate data sharing from the data holder to the researcher may be cumbersome and challenging to implement. Some systems provide an electronic form or template.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> Nevertheless, when these are not available, a <italic>de novo</italic> proposal should be generated outlining the purpose, the statistical analysis plan, the research team, and potential conflicts of interest. The review process may come from an internal or external review panel selected by the data holder or by a third party.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> Finally, data can be shared through a public website or by direct communication between the data holder and the researcher. In most cases, however, controlled access is required. Before any analysis is started, reviewing all the accompanying documentation to assist the researcher in the understanding of the original clinical trial and the methodology used remains critical. Furthermore, the data holder may require a legally binding data sharing agreement and should be available to provide the required support should questions arise.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Major care should be taken to prevent the perils that may undermine the value of data sharing.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Data from trials should be responsibly used.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> A recent survey from UK Clinical Trial Units disclosed some potential risks associated with data sharing.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> These basically included a) misuse of data, b) incorrect secondary analyses, c) resource requirements and d) identification of patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> Researchers are responsible for presenting the data in a format amenable for external secondary use. Repositories should be prepared to make raw data available in standardized platforms in a fully comprehensive manner. Data sharing from trials with anonymized patient-level data with associated metadata and supporting information should be made available to other researchers following an independent analysis of the research proposals. Developing and adopting standard approaches to protecting patient privacy are urgently required.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Finally, an adequate infrastructure should be organized to support effective data sharing. In this regard, the role of the industry is significantly growing as demonstrated by some joint initiatives, such as the Yale University Open Data (YODA) project.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Some academic research organization consortiums particularly focussed on the study of cardiovascular diseases,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> have developed interesting tools for data sharing. This cardiovascular initiative requires presentation of a standardized request in a Web portal. Proposals are to be analyzed by a scientific committee, including members designated by the consortium and a statistician along with the trial's principal investigator. The idea is to ensure an adequate use of the data base and correct statistical analyses, while averting the problem of multiple investigators proposing the same analyses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Statistical issues</title>
      <p>Statisticians play a key role in developing data sharing strategies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> They should be involved from the very beginning to organize the research strategy and the required analytical techniques.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> In this scenario statisticians should move from their classical role as data gate-keepers to that of data facilitators.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> A data sharing working group of medical research statisticians has been recently created from the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry and from academia. The idea was to address the technical and statistical challenges of accessing research data for re-analyses. Specific techniques are required to ensure adequate data manipulation to convert the data initially collected and entered in the data base into data that is analytically usable. Converting raw data into standardized formats may be challenging. Moreover, familiarity with the required statistical programing language is necessary. Independent statisticians should play a major role in guiding the principles of re-analysis based on the researchers&#180; request while, at the same time, guarding against misleading conclusions. They should be fully aware that additional analysis may yield different results compared with the original analyses. Accordingly, they should be prepared to face criticism but, at the same time, they should be able to openly challenge previous statistical methods.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Statistical guidance may be required for appropriate interpretation of results from re-analyses where different methods have been utilized. In particular, it is important to keep in mind the inherent risk of over-interpretation of the results from multiple subgroup analyses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> Likewise, documents for best practices in data anonymization have been developed.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref> Statisticians should be also familiar with this methodology. Risk to patient privacy can be mitigated by data reduction techniques. Data holders are responsible for generating de-identified datasets to offer protection for patient privacy through masking or generalization of main identifiers. In addition, legally binding data sharing agreements should include a compromise not to attempt to identify patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref> In particular, it is recommended that data use agreements are signed by the data holder and researchers. Only appropriately qualified named researchers should be granted access to the data. Finally, high security levels should be implemented for data transferring. Resources, costs and effort required to make patient-level data available for third party research may be considerable and, therefore, adequate funding should be organized.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Credit to the original authors</title>
      <p>A clear motivation for researchers to conduct randomized clinical trials is the opportunity to publish different studies in addition to the main manuscript with the primary endpoint. These secondary analyses may be of major value to unravel new findings from the original dataset.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref> Many have proposed that the time to open the process of data sharing should be extended to 2 years, or even to 5 years in selected complex or large studies. This will allow a precious time for original investigators to further scrutinize and analyze in depth their own data. As blinding is necessary during trial execution, once the study is completed the research teams concentrate on publishing the primary findings as soon as possible. Following this, usually there is a series of pre-planned additional analyses. These studies are organized by collaborative research teams from different institutions, but usually with relatively poor support. Secondary analyses are also very important for co-investigators and junior scientists. To respect this legitimate interest an extension from the 6 month-period after the primary data has been published has been advocated.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Academia rewards scientists with recognition for making their discoveries public. Credit should be granted to the original researchers that create data sets that other investigators find useful.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Otherwise, original investigators may be tempted to consider research parasites those performing secondary analyses of their data. Furthermore, mechanisms are required to ensure that the external analyses are conducted adequately and not merely to undermine the original findings. Direct collaboration between primary and secondary researchers is, therefore, necessary to ensure proper data analysis and interpretation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> The original investigators that designed and conducted the trial and obtained sources of founding deserve to receive the adequate scientific credit.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>The data transparency revolution is here to stay. This is just another step ahead into a culture of open science and it is clear that we are at the dawn of a new age.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref> Several European National Societies have already developed registry programs in which the registries databases are public for the use of their members.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref> Major challenges and hurdles in the adoption and implementation of the new ICMJE recommendation should still be overcome.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref> Experience gained by leading journals will eventually allow a balanced compromise between the interests of the original researchers and that of the scientific community as a whole. NSCJ should progressively adapt their policies to increase awareness of the importance of data sharing and promote policies designed to enhance transparency in biomedical research.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Acknowledgements</title>
      <p>We are grateful for the support and assistance of Ismahen Ouertani and Michael Alexander from the ESC Publications Department at the European Heart House.</p>
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          <name>
            <surname>Artigou</surname>
            <given-names>Jean-Yves</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff51">3</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>Aschermann</surname>
            <given-names>Michael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff52">4</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Boehm</surname>
            <given-names>Michael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff53">5</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Buendia</surname>
            <given-names>Alfonso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff54">6</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Chu</surname>
            <given-names>Pao-Hsien</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff55">7</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>Cohen</surname>
            <given-names>Ariel</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff56">8</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>Cas</surname>
            <given-names>Livio Dei</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff57">9</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Dilic</surname>
            <given-names>Mirza</given-names>
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          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Doubell</surname>
            <given-names>Anton</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff59">11</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>Echeverri</surname>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff60">12</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>En&#231;</surname>
            <given-names>Nuray</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff61">13</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira-Gonz&#225;lez</surname>
            <given-names>Ignacio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff62">14</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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            <surname>Filipiak</surname>
            <given-names>Krzysztof J.</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff63">15</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Flammer</surname>
            <given-names>Andreas</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff64">16</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Fleck</surname>
            <given-names>Eckart</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff65">17</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Gatzov</surname>
            <given-names>Plamen</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff66">18</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Ginghina</surname>
            <given-names>Carmen</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff67">19</xref>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff68">20</xref>
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            <surname>Haouala</surname>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff69">21</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>Hassanein</surname>
            <given-names>Mahmoud</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff70">22</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>Heusch</surname>
            <given-names>Gerd</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff71">23</xref>
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            <surname>Huber</surname>
            <given-names>Kurt</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff72">24</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Hul&#237;n</surname>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff73">25</xref>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff75">27</xref>
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            <given-names>Chu-Pak</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff76">28</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Marinskis</surname>
            <given-names>Germanas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff77">29</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mach</surname>
            <given-names>Fran&#231;ois</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff78">30</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
        </contrib>
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            <given-names>Luiz Felipe</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff79">31</xref>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff80">32</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>Oukerraj</surname>
            <given-names>Latifa</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff81">33</xref>
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            <surname>Perings</surname>
            <given-names>Stefan</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff82">34</xref>
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            <surname>Pierard</surname>
            <given-names>Luc</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff83">35</xref>
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            <surname>Potpara</surname>
            <given-names>Tatjana</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff84">36</xref>
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            <given-names>Walter</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff85">37</xref>
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            <surname>Rim</surname>
            <given-names>Se-Joong</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff86">38</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>R&#248;devand</surname>
            <given-names>Olaf</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff87">39</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Saade</surname>
            <given-names>Georges</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff88">40</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Sander</surname>
            <given-names>Mikael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff89">41</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Shlyakhto</surname>
            <given-names>Evgeny</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff90">42</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>Timuralp</surname>
            <given-names>Bilgin</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff91">43</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>Tousoulis</surname>
            <given-names>Dimitris</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff92">44</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>Ural</surname>
            <given-names>Dilek</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff93">45</xref>
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          <name>
            <surname>Piek</surname>
            <given-names>J. J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff94">46</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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          <name>
            <surname>Varga</surname>
            <given-names>Albert</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff95">47</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>L&#252;scher</surname>
            <given-names>Thomas F.</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff96">48</xref>
          <role>Editor in Chief</role>
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        <institution content-type="original">Chairman Editors&#180;Network</institution>
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        <institution content-type="original">Archives des maladies du c&#339;ur et des vaisseaux Pratique</institution>
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        <institution content-type="original">Cor et Vasa</institution>
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        <institution content-type="original">Revista Colombiana de Cardiologia</institution>
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        <institution content-type="original">Romanian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
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      <aff id="aff71">
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        <institution content-type="original">Basic Research in Cardiology</institution>
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      <aff id="aff72">
        <label>24</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Austrain Journal fo Cardiology</institution>
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      <aff id="aff73">
        <label>25</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiology Letters</institution>
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      <aff id="aff74">
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        <institution content-type="original">Cardiologia Croatica</institution>
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      <aff id="aff75">
        <label>27</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Thai Heart Journal</institution>
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      <aff id="aff76">
        <label>28</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Journal of the Hong Kong Colleage of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
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        <label>29</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Seminars in Cardiovascular Medicine</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff78">
        <label>30</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiovascular Medecine</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff79">
        <label>31</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff80">
        <label>32</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Syd&#228;n&#228;&#228;ni (Heart Beat)</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff81">
        <label>33</label>
        <institution content-type="original">La Revue Marocaine de Cardiologie</institution>
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        <institution content-type="original">Acta Cardiologica</institution>
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      <aff id="aff84">
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        <institution content-type="original">Heart and Blood Vessels</institution>
      </aff>
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        <label>37</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Revista Uruguaya de Cardiologia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff86">
        <label>38</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Korean Circulation Journal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff87">
        <label>39</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hjerteforum</institution>
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      <aff id="aff88">
        <label>40</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Heart News</institution>
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      <aff id="aff89">
        <label>41</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiologisk Forum</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff90">
        <label>42</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Russian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff91">
        <label>43</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Anatolian Journal of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff92">
        <label>44</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hellenic Journal of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff93">
        <label>45</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff94">
        <label>46</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Netherlands Heart Journal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff95">
        <label>47</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiologia Hungarica</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff96">
        <label>48</label>
        <institution content-type="original">European Heart Journal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Fernando Alfonso</bold>, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci&#243;n sanitaria IIS-IP, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Madrid. Diego de Le&#243;n, 62. Madri - Espanha Email: <email>falf@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Declara&#231;&#227;o</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Nenhum editor ou autor deste estudo tem qualquer potencial conflito de interesse que precise ser divulgado em rela&#231;&#227;o a este manuscrito.</p>
          <p>Esta &#233; uma iniciativa de publica&#231;&#227;o conjunta e simult&#226;nea envolvendo todas as revistas cardiovasculares interessadas nacionais e afiliadas &#224; Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <p>O Comit&#234; Internacional de Editores de Revistas M&#233;dicas (ICMJE) fornece recomenda&#231;&#245;es para aprimorar o padr&#227;o editorial e a qualidade cient&#237;fica das revistas biom&#233;dicas. Tais recomenda&#231;&#245;es variam desde requisitos t&#233;cnicos de uniformiza&#231;&#227;o at&#233; assuntos editoriais mais complexos e elusivos, como os aspectos &#233;ticos do processo cient&#237;fico. Recentemente, foram propostos registro de ensaios cl&#237;nicos, divulga&#231;&#227;o de conflitos de interesse e novos crit&#233;rios de autoria, enfatizando a import&#226;ncia da responsabilidade e da responsabiliza&#231;&#227;o. No &#250;ltimo ano, lan&#231;ou-se uma nova iniciativa editorial para fomentar o compartilhamento dos dados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos. Esta revis&#227;o discute essa nova iniciativa visando a aumentar a conscientiza&#231;&#227;o de leitores, investigadores, autores e editores filiados &#224; Rede de Editores da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>&#201;tica Editorial</kwd>
        <kwd>Processo Cient&#237;fico</kwd>
        <kwd>Compartilhamento de Dados</kwd>
        <kwd>Ensaio Cl&#237;nico</kwd>
        <kwd>Registro de Ensaio</kwd>
        <kwd>Autoria</kwd>
        <kwd>Conflito de Interesse</kwd>
        <kwd>Megadados</kwd>
        <kwd>Revistas Cient&#237;ficas</kwd>
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    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A Rede de Editores da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia (ESC) est&#225; empenhada em promover a implementa&#231;&#227;o de padr&#245;es editoriais de alta qualidade entre as Sociedades Nacionais de Revistas Cardiovasculares (NSCJ) da ESC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> As NSCJ desempenham um importante papel na dissemina&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa cient&#237;fica de alta qualidade. Al&#233;m disso, t&#234;m um papel relevante na educa&#231;&#227;o e harmoniza&#231;&#227;o da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> A maioria das NSCJ &#233; publicada nas l&#237;nguas locais, mas muitas t&#234;m edi&#231;&#245;es em ingl&#234;s e conquistaram reconhecimento cient&#237;fico internacional.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> As NSCJ complementam as revistas oficiais da ESC e, juntas, constituem um meio efetivo de dissemina&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa cardiovascular europeia. Em um ambiente editorial globalizado e extremamente competitivo, a promo&#231;&#227;o de padr&#245;es editoriais de alta qualidade permanece de suma import&#226;ncia para aumentar o prest&#237;gio cient&#237;fico das NSCJ.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Desde a sua concep&#231;&#227;o, a Rede de Editores defende fortemente a ades&#227;o &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es de uniformiza&#231;&#227;o do Comit&#234; Internacional de Editores de Revistas M&#233;dicas (ICMJE).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Em seu documento de declara&#231;&#227;o de miss&#227;o, a Rede de Editores se comprometeu a adaptar as NSCJ para seguir essas recomenda&#231;&#245;es editoriais gerais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Entretanto, as NSCJ s&#227;o bastante heterog&#234;neas quanto a abrang&#234;ncia e conte&#250;do, devendo essas novas recomenda&#231;&#245;es ser adotadas de forma progressiva, considerando as pol&#237;ticas editoriais vigentes e a liberdade editorial das NSCJ.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Os aspectos &#233;ticos v&#234;m desempenhando um papel crescente na assegura&#231;&#227;o da credibilidade do processo cient&#237;fico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> A pesquisa biom&#233;dica depende de confian&#231;a. A transpar&#234;ncia, entretanto, tamb&#233;m representa um importante princ&#237;pio do processo cient&#237;fico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Esta revis&#227;o discute as novas recomenda&#231;&#245;es editoriais sobre compartilhamento de dados publicadas pelo ICMJE.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Quando inicialmente apresentadas, as novas recomenda&#231;&#245;es do ICMJE sempre parecem provocativas e, com frequ&#234;ncia, demasiado amb&#237;guas. Al&#233;m do mais, a implementa&#231;&#227;o de altera&#231;&#245;es editoriais exige bastante do ponto de vista t&#233;cnico e log&#237;stico. A ades&#227;o &#224;s novas iniciativas editoriais &#233; um desafio n&#227;o apenas para os editores, mas tamb&#233;m para toda a comunidade cient&#237;fica. Portanto, muitos editores tendem naturalmente a evitar dar um passo &#224; frente na ado&#231;&#227;o precoce de novos experimentos editoriais, preferindo, em geral, permanecer em sua zona de conforto at&#233; que a mudan&#231;a tenha se consolidado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Entretanto, a experi&#234;ncia mostra que todas as iniciativas editoriais desenvolvidas pelo ICMJE acabam prevalecendo e desempenhando um papel cr&#237;tico na manuten&#231;&#227;o da credibilidade do cient&#237;fico processo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Exemplos recentes muito bem-sucedidos incluem o registro de ensaios cl&#237;nicos, a iniciativa de conflito de interesse e os novos requisitos para autoria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
			</p>
      <p>As novas recomenda&#231;&#245;es do ICMJE sobre compartilhamento de dados<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> s&#227;o aqui discutidas a partir de uma perspectiva did&#225;tica, com o objetivo de fornecer um novo crit&#233;rio editorial e na esperan&#231;a de que sejam progressivamente adotadas e implementadas pelas NSCJ.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Compartilhamento de dados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos: a nova proposta do ICMJE</title>
        <p>O ICMJE considera haver uma obriga&#231;&#227;o moral quanto ao compartilhamento respons&#225;vel de dados gerados pelos ensaios cl&#237;nicos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> A base l&#243;gica desse esfor&#231;o global est&#225; no fato de que os pacientes assumem um risco ao aceitar participar de um ensaio. Por consequ&#234;ncia, dar publicidade aos dados obtidos representa uma iniciativa respons&#225;vel para facilitar o avan&#231;o da ci&#234;ncia. O compartilhamento de dados aumentaria a confian&#231;a nas conclus&#245;es dos ensaios. Na verdade, o compartilhamento de dados permite a confirma&#231;&#227;o dos resultados por pesquisa independente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Al&#233;m disso, novas hip&#243;teses podem ser avaliadas por diferentes grupos de investigadores. Tal iniciativa pode propiciar a alavancagem dos dados para responder diferentes quest&#245;es da pesquisa n&#227;o contempladas no estudo original. Se a ci&#234;ncia se tornasse um processo aberto, muitos pesquisadores se beneficiariam ao fazerem uso de dados confi&#225;veis gerados em outros locais. Assim, o compartilhamento de dados surge como a melhor maneira de garantir que toda a informa&#231;&#227;o coletada nos ensaios seja disponibilizada de maneira livre e ampla, de modo a ser prontamente usada para o avan&#231;o do conhecimento cient&#237;fico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Fica dif&#237;cil criticar o uso de dados previamente coletados para posterior avan&#231;o da ci&#234;ncia. Como discutido, isso honra a disposi&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes em, por vontade pr&#243;pria, se inscreverem em um ensaio cl&#237;nico e concordarem em dele participar.</p>
        <p>Os governos, as ag&#234;ncias de financiamento, as sociedades cient&#237;ficas, a ind&#250;stria e at&#233; a sociedade leiga cada vez mais solicitam o compartilhamento de dados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos. Logo, o ICMJE sugere que os editores ajudem a atender tal obriga&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica, concebendo novas pol&#237;ticas editoriais especificamente endere&#231;adas a essa quest&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Os proponentes da ci&#234;ncia aberta deveriam estar satisfeitos com esse novo requisito editorial de compartilhamento de dados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A primeira considera&#231;&#227;o &#233; explicar em que consiste exatamente um ensaio cl&#237;nico. Conforme a defini&#231;&#227;o do ICMJE, um ensaio cl&#237;nico &#233; um estudo que designa prospectivamente pessoas para uma interven&#231;&#227;o a fim de avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o de causa e efeito entre a interven&#231;&#227;o e o subsequente desfecho de sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O ICMJE considera que o compartilhamento de dados individuais de pacientes 'desidentificados' deveria ser parte do processo de publica&#231;&#227;o dos ensaios cl&#237;nicos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Tal estrat&#233;gia protege os direitos de confidencialidade do paciente. O requisito, entretanto, est&#225; restrito aos dados individuais do paciente subjacentes aos resultados apresentados no artigo publicado. &#201; importante notar que um plano claro para o compartilhamento de dados deve ser divulgado por ocasi&#227;o do registro inicial do ensaio, devendo ser apresentado quando da submiss&#227;o do manuscrito. A proposta requer que os ensa&#237;stas cl&#237;nicos declarem que compartilhar&#227;o seus dados publicamente como um pr&#233;-requisito para a publica&#231;&#227;o do ensaio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Devem se comprometer a liberar sem &#244;nus os dados individuais n&#227;o tratados dos pacientes no momento em que submetem o manuscrito para considera&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>&#201; importante lembrar que o registro de ensaios cl&#237;nicos foi uma iniciativa editorial pr&#233;via do ICMJE com o objetivo de abordar problemas relacionados com o vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o (publica&#231;&#227;o seletiva dos ensaios positivos), a inconsist&#234;ncia de desfechos e a pesquisa redundante.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Os reposit&#243;rios p&#250;blicos podem ser uma &#243;tima ferramenta n&#227;o apenas para o registro inicial do ensaio, mas tamb&#233;m para o compartilhamento de dados individuais de pacientes. A partir de agora, o plano de compartilhamento de dados seria um importante passo da iniciativa de registro de ensaios cl&#237;nicos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Devem-se apresentar detalhes se os dados seriam disponibilizados sem custo quando solicitados, ou apenas ap&#243;s requerimento formal que acabaria sendo aprovado ap&#243;s a obten&#231;&#227;o de consenso sobre as condi&#231;&#245;es de uso dos dados. Por fim, foi proposto que os dados deveriam ser tornados p&#250;blicos at&#233; no m&#225;ximo 6 meses ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o do estudo original em revista.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://Clinicaltrials.com">Clinicaltrials.com</ext-link></italic>, um reposit&#243;rio cient&#237;fico sem fins lucrativos e amplamente usado,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> adaptou sua plataforma de registro para esclarecer especificamente os planos de compartilhamento de dados por ocasi&#227;o do registro do ensaio cl&#237;nico.</p>
        <p>&#201; claro que essa iniciativa editorial pode ter consequ&#234;ncias importantes no planejamento, na condu&#231;&#227;o e no relato dos ensaios cl&#237;nicos, podendo de fato influenciar profundamente estrat&#233;gias de pesquisa e publica&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Como resultado, a ideia &#233; implementar tal requisito para qualquer ensaio cl&#237;nico que come&#231;a a arrolar pacientes 1 ano ap&#243;s a ado&#231;&#227;o oficial dessa pol&#237;tica editorial pela revista correspondente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Al&#233;m disso, a iniciativa ter&#225; importantes implica&#231;&#245;es para o processo editorial. Na verdade, sup&#245;e-se que os editores monitorem o processo de compartilhamento de dados e, ao final, abordem as potenciais irregularidades, que podem incluir solicita&#231;&#227;o de esclarecimentos para os autores, notifica&#231;&#227;o para institui&#231;&#245;es acad&#234;micas e publica&#231;&#227;o de express&#245;es de preocupa&#231;&#227;o ou at&#233; de retrata&#231;&#245;es.</p>
        <p>Por fim, o ICJME reconhece que os direitos dos investigadores e patrocinadores devem ser protegidos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Al&#233;m disso, deve-se garantir cr&#233;dito ao relato original pela inclus&#227;o de um identificador &#250;nico do conjunto de dados. &#201; importante enfatizar que o cr&#233;dito deve sempre ser dado aos investigadores originais que disponibilizaram os dados ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o de sua pesquisa. Ademais, outros investigadores que usem esses bancos de dados devem solicitar a colabora&#231;&#227;o dos investigadores que originalmente coletaram os dados para garantir sua adequada interpreta&#231;&#227;o, gerenciamento e an&#225;lise. </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desafios do compartilhamento de dados</title>
        <p>Embora pare&#231;a claro que tal iniciativa aprimorar&#225; a transpar&#234;ncia e a integridade geral da literatura cient&#237;fica, alguns aspectos ainda precisam ser abordados. H&#225; inerente resist&#234;ncia &#224; ado&#231;&#227;o das iniciativas da ci&#234;ncia aberta por parte de algumas institui&#231;&#245;es acad&#234;micas ou investigadores que defendem a ideia de explorarem seus pr&#243;prios dados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> At&#233; agora os pesquisadores cl&#237;nicos foram desencorajados de trabalhar com dados de ensaio cl&#237;nico que eles pr&#243;prios n&#227;o tenham gerado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> Da mesma forma, ensa&#237;stas tendiam a considerar os dados de ensaio como propriedade pessoal, recusando rotineiramente solicita&#231;&#245;es de seu compartilhamento. At&#233; muito recentemente, a maioria dos grupos de pesquisadores e da ind&#250;stria farmac&#234;utica resistiu a disponibilizar dados n&#227;o tratados ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o do ensaio. Tal pr&#225;tica, entretanto, difere em outras disciplinas, como gen&#244;mica e economia, em que o compartilhamento de dados &#233; lugar comum h&#225; muito tempo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A obten&#231;&#227;o de dados originais confi&#225;veis e de alta qualidade requer um enorme esfor&#231;o de pesquisa. Ao permitir tempo suficiente entre a publica&#231;&#227;o do artigo e a necessidade de compartilhamento de dados n&#227;o tratados possibilitaria aos investigadores originais a publica&#231;&#227;o de an&#225;lises adicionais de subgrupo dos seus pr&#243;prios dados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Essa nova proposta aumentar&#225; a press&#227;o sobre os investigadores acad&#234;micos que frequentemente n&#227;o disp&#245;em dos recursos necess&#225;rios para publicar suas an&#225;lises subsequentes e precisam de tempo para preparar os novos manuscritos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Em especial, a maioria dos pesquisadores n&#227;o tem experi&#234;ncia com o processo de libera&#231;&#227;o ou manuseio de dados p&#250;blicos. Al&#233;m disso, o esfor&#231;o e os recursos necess&#225;rios &#224; organiza&#231;&#227;o de dados n&#227;o tratados para torn&#225;-los compreens&#237;veis a outros investigadores permanecem uma causa de preocupa&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Isso demandaria suporte t&#233;cnico e financiamento adequado.</p>
        <p>Franquear acesso aos dados a pesquisadores que n&#227;o conduzem o ensaio cl&#237;nico pode revelar problemas n&#227;o reconhecidos pelos investigadores iniciais. Ainda que isso aumente a transpar&#234;ncia e, consequentemente, a confian&#231;a nos resultados do ensaio, pode tamb&#233;m gerar confus&#227;o e controv&#233;rsias cient&#237;ficas indevidas. &#201; dif&#237;cil imaginar como os novos pesquisadores v&#227;o adquirir o conhecimento detalhado necess&#225;rio sobre os complicados conjuntos de dados usados pelos investigadores originais do ensaio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Uma avalia&#231;&#227;o confi&#225;vel dos dados requer conhecimento profundo dos fundamentos do estudo e capacidade para abordagem adequada das muitas nuances e considera&#231;&#245;es pr&#225;ticas. Essas incluem informa&#231;&#227;o precisa a respeito de como as vari&#225;veis foram definidas, como os dados foram coletados e como os resultados foram finalmente codificados e inseridos no banco de dados. A iniciativa pode apresentar problemas relacionados com an&#225;lise incorreta, levando a resultados imprecisos e interpreta&#231;&#245;es err&#244;neas, potencialmente prejudiciais &#224; ci&#234;ncia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Por fim, os editores, j&#225; sobrecarregados de trabalho, ter&#227;o que conferir se todos os dados n&#227;o tratados dos artigos publicados foram disponibilizados como prometido. Diferentes resultados podem surgir de equ&#237;vocos sobre quais dados devem ser analisados para responder quest&#245;es espec&#237;ficas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Caso haja diferen&#231;a nos resultados, ser&#225; dif&#237;cil decidir qual an&#225;lise reflete de forma mais precisa os dados. Isso poderia causar ru&#237;do cient&#237;fico, com resultados contradit&#243;rios e retifica&#231;&#245;es, que podem gerar confus&#227;o e frustra&#231;&#227;o na comunidade cient&#237;fica. Ademais, isso pode causar a publica&#231;&#227;o simult&#226;nea em v&#225;rias revistas de resultados conflitantes a partir da mesma base de dados por diferentes grupos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Como muitos aspectos ainda precisam ser esclarecidos, o ICMJE solicitou coment&#225;rios sobre sua proposta editorial preliminar a respeito do compartilhamento de dados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> &#201; claro que a iniciativa s&#243; vai obter a necess&#225;ria maturidade a partir da experi&#234;ncia proveniente de sua ado&#231;&#227;o e implementa&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Iniciativas pr&#233;vias de compartilhamento de dados</title>
        <p>As principais entidades acad&#234;micas j&#225; trabalharam nessa &#225;rea. O <italic>British Medical Journal</italic> foi pioneiro na iniciativa editorial de compartilhamento de dados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Em 2012 essa pol&#237;tica surtiu efeito apenas para ensaios sobre f&#225;rmacos e dispositivos, mas, em 2015, o requisito de compartilhamento de dados mediante solicita&#231;&#227;o foi estendido a todos os ensaios cl&#237;nicos submetidos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Al&#233;m disso, foi proposto que dados individuais de pacientes possam ser extremamente valiosos durante o processo de revis&#227;o por pares ao permitir verifica&#231;&#227;o independente de resultados antes da publica&#231;&#227;o final.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Embora essa iniciativa possa ter valor, a maioria dos revisores j&#225; est&#225; sobrecarregada de trabalho e essa tarefa extra poderia gerar fadiga e esgotamento. Ademais, muitos bons revisores cl&#237;nicos n&#227;o t&#234;m a especializa&#231;&#227;o necess&#225;ria para manipular dados nem para realizar an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas confirmat&#243;rias.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Algumas revistas, como o JAMA, desenvolveram algumas iniciativas editoriais, como a solicita&#231;&#227;o de an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica independente a ser realizada por um estat&#237;stico acad&#234;mico para os ensaios patrocinados pela ind&#250;stria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS) e o Instituto de Medicina dos Estados Unidos (IOM) fizeram importantes declara&#231;&#245;es sobre a transpar&#234;ncia de ensaios cl&#237;nicos. O IOM emitiu diretrizes espec&#237;ficas para compartilhamento de dados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> A OMS inicialmente apresentou uma declara&#231;&#227;o sobre a divulga&#231;&#227;o p&#250;blica de resultados de ensaio cl&#237;nico, tendo em seguida encorajado o compartilhamento de conjuntos de dados de pesquisa, quando apropriado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> Mais recentemente, A OMS desenvolveu normas globais para compartilhamento de dados e resultados durante emerg&#234;ncias de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica, com especial foco nas caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas, epidemiol&#243;gicas e gen&#233;ticas de novas doen&#231;as infecciosas e terapias experimentais e vacinas. Nas situa&#231;&#245;es de emerg&#234;ncia, os dados precisam ser compartilhados com rapidez antes que a informa&#231;&#227;o seja formalmente publicada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Por fim, o Instituto Nacional de Cora&#231;&#227;o, Pulm&#227;o e Sangue (NHLBI) dos Estados Unidos apresentou pr&#225;ticas detalhadas de compartilhamento de dados, permitindo acesso p&#250;blico a dados n&#227;o tratados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos, e desenvolveu um reposit&#243;rio de dados, que atualmente inclui mais de meio milh&#227;o de pacientes de mais de cem ensaios e estudos observacionais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> Em 2015, o NHLBI discutiu sua inten&#231;&#227;o de divulgar os dados digitais dos ensaios que financiava.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Plataformas e reposit&#243;rios</title>
        <p>Cerca de 30 mil ensaios cl&#237;nicos s&#227;o conduzidos por ano no mundo todo, criando um enorme volume de dados n&#227;o tratados referentes ao paciente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> Atualmente, entretanto, os portais dispon&#237;veis para compartilhamento de dados ainda s&#227;o inadequados. A maioria deles requer uma solicita&#231;&#227;o demorada, que inclui detalhada proposta de pesquisa com desenho do estudo, principais desfechos e plano de an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> A proposta submetida &#233; ent&#227;o revisada por um painel independente de pesquisa que decide se aprova a solicita&#231;&#227;o de dados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> Hoje, esse processo &#233; demorado e, quando os dados s&#227;o finalmente obtidos, n&#227;o raro n&#227;o se prestam para uso imediato.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> Entretanto, os meios para proporcionar o compartilhamento de dados do propriet&#225;rio para o pesquisador podem ser complicados e de dif&#237;cil implementa&#231;&#227;o. Alguns sistemas fornecem um formul&#225;rio eletr&#244;nico ou modelo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> Entretanto, quando esses n&#227;o est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis, uma proposta in&#233;dita deve ser apresentada, esbo&#231;ando o prop&#243;sito, o plano de an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica, o grupo de pesquisa, assim como os potenciais conflitos de interesse. O processo de revis&#227;o deve ser conduzido por um painel de revisores internos ou externos selecionado pelo detentor dos dados ou terceiros.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> Por fim, os dados podem ser compartilhados em <italic>website</italic> p&#250;blico ou atrav&#233;s de comunica&#231;&#227;o direta entre o detentor dos dados e o pesquisador. Na maioria dos casos, entretanto, acesso controlado &#233; necess&#225;rio. Antes de iniciar qualquer an&#225;lise, &#233; fundamental a revis&#227;o de toda a documenta&#231;&#227;o anexa para ajudar o pesquisador a entender o ensaio cl&#237;nico original e a metodologia usada. Ademais, o detentor dos dados pode exigir um acordo juridicamente vinculativo de compartilhamento de dados e deve estar dispon&#237;vel para fornecer o suporte exigido em caso de d&#250;vidas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Cuidado especial deve ser tomado para evitar os riscos que comprometem o valor do compartilhamento de dados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Dados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos devem ser utilizados com responsabilidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> Uma recente pesquisa em Unidades de Ensaio Cl&#237;nico do Reino Unido divulgou alguns riscos potenciais associados com o compartilhamento de dados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> Tais riscos incluem basicamente: a) uso indevido dos dados; b) an&#225;lises secund&#225;rias incorretas; c) necessidade de recursos; e d) identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> Os pesquisadores s&#227;o respons&#225;veis por apresentar os dados em formato que se presta ao uso secund&#225;rio externo. Os reposit&#243;rios devem ser preparados para a disponibiliza&#231;&#227;o dos dados n&#227;o tratados em plataformas padronizadas e de maneira totalmente compreens&#237;vel. O compartilhamento de dados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos contendo dados de pacientes anonimizados e associados a metadados e informa&#231;&#227;o de suporte deve ser disponibilizado para outros pesquisadores que realizam uma an&#225;lise independente das propostas da pesquisa. O desenvolvimento e a ado&#231;&#227;o de abordagens padr&#227;o para proteger a privacidade dos pacientes urgem.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Por fim, deve-se organizar uma infraestrutura adequada para apoiar o compartilhamento efetivo de dados. Quanto a isso, o papel da ind&#250;stria cresce de maneira significativa, como demonstrado por algumas iniciativas conjuntas, como o projeto <italic>Yale University Open Data</italic> (YODA).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Alguns cons&#243;rcios de organiza&#231;&#227;o de pesquisa acad&#234;mica, em particular aqueles focados no estudo das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> desenvolveram ferramentas interessantes para o compartilhamento de dados. Tal iniciativa cardiovascular requer a apresenta&#231;&#227;o de uma solicita&#231;&#227;o padronizada em um portal da <italic>Web</italic>. As propostas s&#227;o analisadas por um comit&#234; cient&#237;fico, que inclui membros designados pelo cons&#243;rcio, um estat&#237;stico e o investigador principal do ensaio. A ideia &#233; garantir o uso adequado da base de dados e a correta an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica, ao mesmo tempo em que evita o problema de m&#250;ltiplos investigadores propondo as mesmas an&#225;lises.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Aspectos estat&#237;sticos</title>
        <p>Os estat&#237;sticos desempenham papel fundamental no desenvolvimento de estrat&#233;gias de compartilhamento de dados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Eles devem estar envolvidos desde o in&#237;cio para organizar a estrat&#233;gia de pesquisa e as t&#233;cnicas de an&#225;lise necess&#225;rias.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Nesse cen&#225;rio, o estat&#237;stico deve deixar sua ocupa&#231;&#227;o cl&#225;ssica de 'porteiro' dos dados para a fun&#231;&#227;o de facilitador dos dados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Recentemente criou-se um grupo de trabalho de estat&#237;sticos para compartilhamento de dados em pesquisa m&#233;dica a partir da ind&#250;stria farmac&#234;utica e biotecnol&#243;gica e da academia. A ideia era abordar os desafios t&#233;cnicos e estat&#237;sticos do acesso a dados de pesquisa para rean&#225;lise. T&#233;cnicas espec&#237;ficas s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para garantir a manipula&#231;&#227;o adequada dos dados para converter aqueles inicialmente coletados e inseridos na base de dados em dados analiticamente utiliz&#225;veis. A convers&#227;o de dados n&#227;o tratados em formatos padronizados pode ser um desafio, al&#233;m de exigir familiaridade com a linguagem do programa estat&#237;stico necess&#225;rio. Estat&#237;sticos independentes devem desempenhar fun&#231;&#227;o primordial na orienta&#231;&#227;o dos princ&#237;pios de rean&#225;lise com base na solicita&#231;&#227;o dos pesquisadores, ao mesmo tempo que evitam conclus&#245;es enganosas. Devem estar completamente cientes de que a an&#225;lise adicional pode ter resultados diferentes daqueles das an&#225;lises originais. Ademais, devem estar preparados para enfrentar cr&#237;ticas, ao mesmo tempo que ser capazes de desafiar abertamente os m&#233;todos estat&#237;sticos anteriores.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Orienta&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica pode ser necess&#225;ria para a interpreta&#231;&#227;o adequada dos resultados das rean&#225;lises em que diferentes m&#233;todos foram utilizados. &#201; importante ter em mente o risco inerente da valoriza&#231;&#227;o excessiva dos resultados de m&#250;ltiplas an&#225;lises de subgrupo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> Da mesma forma, documentos sobre boas pr&#225;ticas em 'anonimiza&#231;&#227;o' de dados foram desenvolvidos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref> Os estat&#237;sticos devem se familiarizar com tal metodologia. O risco &#224; privacidade do paciente pode ser atenuado com t&#233;cnicas de redu&#231;&#227;o de dados. Os detentores dos dados s&#227;o respons&#225;veis pela gera&#231;&#227;o de conjuntos de dados 'desidentificados' para proteger a privacidade do paciente atrav&#233;s do mascaramento ou generaliza&#231;&#227;o dos principais identificadores. Ademais, acordos juridicamente vinculativos de compartilhamento de dados devem incluir o compromisso de n&#227;o se tentar identificar os pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref> Em particular, recomenda-se que os acordos de uso de dados sejam assinados pelo detentor dos dados e pelos pesquisadores. Acesso aos dados deve ser concedido apenas aos pesquisadores designados e adequadamente qualificados. Por fim, altos n&#237;veis de seguran&#231;a devem ser implementados para a transfer&#234;ncia de dados. Os recursos, custos e esfor&#231;os necess&#225;rios para disponibilizar dados referentes ao paciente para pesquisa de terceiros podem ser consider&#225;veis, logo, financiamento adequado deve ser organizado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Cr&#233;dito para os autores originais</title>
        <p>Uma clara motiva&#231;&#227;o para pesquisadores conduzirem ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados &#233; a oportunidade de publicar diferentes estudos al&#233;m do manuscrito principal com o desfecho prim&#225;rio. Essas an&#225;lises secund&#225;rias podem ter grande valor para revelar novos achados a partir do conjunto original de dados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref> Muitos propuseram que o tempo para a abertura do processo de compartilhamento de dados deveria se estender por 2 anos, ou at&#233; 5 anos em estudos selecionados complexos ou grandes. Isso concederia um tempo precioso aos investigadores originais para escrutinar e analisar em profundidade seus pr&#243;prios dados. Como o cegamento &#233; necess&#225;rio durante a execu&#231;&#227;o do ensaio, uma vez completado o estudo, o grupo de pesquisa se concentra na publica&#231;&#227;o dos achados prim&#225;rios o mais cedo poss&#237;vel. Em seguida, geralmente h&#225; uma s&#233;rie pr&#233;-planejada de an&#225;lises adicionais. Tais estudos s&#227;o organizados por grupos de pesquisa colaborativa de diferentes institui&#231;&#245;es, contando, em geral, com pouco suporte. Al&#233;m disso, an&#225;lises secund&#225;rias s&#227;o muito importantes para os co-investigadores e os cientistas juniores. Para respeitar esse leg&#237;timo interesse, advoga-se um per&#237;odo de extens&#227;o de 6 meses ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o dos dados prim&#225;rios.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A academia recompensa os cientistas com reconhecimento pela publica&#231;&#227;o de suas descobertas. Cr&#233;dito deve ser concedido aos pesquisadores originais que criam conjuntos de dados que outros investigadores consideram &#250;teis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Caso contr&#225;rio, os investigadores originais poderiam ser tentados a considerar 'parasitas de pesquisa' aqueles que realizam an&#225;lises secund&#225;rias de seus dados. Ademais, mecanismos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para garantir que as an&#225;lises externas sejam conduzidas adequadamente e n&#227;o apenas para minar os achados originais. Colabora&#231;&#227;o direta entre os pesquisadores prim&#225;rios e secund&#225;rios faz-se necess&#225;ria para garantir adequada an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Os investigadores originais que planejaram e conduziram o ensaio e obtiveram as fontes de financiamento merecem receber o adequado cr&#233;dito cient&#237;fico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>A revolu&#231;&#227;o da transpar&#234;ncia de dados chegou para ficar. Esse &#233; apenas um outro passo &#224; frente na cultura da ci&#234;ncia aberta, ficando claro estarmos no in&#237;cio de uma nova era.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref> Muitas sociedades nacionais europeias j&#225; desenvolveram programas de registro, em que as bases de dados dos registros s&#227;o p&#250;blicas para o uso de seus membros.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref> Grandes desafios e obst&#225;culos na ado&#231;&#227;o e implementa&#231;&#227;o da nova recomenda&#231;&#227;o do ICMJE devem ainda ser superados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref> A experi&#234;ncia obtida pelas principais revistas m&#233;dicas acabar&#225; permitindo um compromisso equilibrado entre os interesses dos pesquisadores dos originais e aqueles da comunidade cient&#237;fica em geral. As NSCJ devem gradativamente adaptar suas pol&#237;ticas &#224; crescente conscientiza&#231;&#227;o sobre a import&#226;ncia do compartilhamento de dados, assim como promover pol&#237;ticas planejadas para aprimorar a transpar&#234;ncia na pesquisa biom&#233;dica.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ack>
        <title>Agradecimentos</title>
        <p>Agradecemos o apoio e a assist&#234;ncia de Ismahen Ouertani e Michael Alexander do Departamento de Publica&#231;&#245;es da ESC na European Heart House.</p>
      </ack>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
