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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.5" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">rFH6p6f6Tdzf3DPNdvtcT9x</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2017000400381</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170008</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Giant Left Ventricle Outflow Tract Pseudoaneurysm after Ross Procedure</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Le&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>S&#237;lvia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Sofia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>H&#233;lder</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fontes</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>J. Il&#237;dio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Vila Real</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro</institution>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Hospital de Vila Real, Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: S&#237;lvia Le&#227;o</bold>, Av. da Noruega. Postal Code 5000-508. Vila Real - Portugal. E-mail: <email>silvia.carneiro.leao@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Writing of the manuscript: Le&#227;o S; Acquisition of data: Le&#227;o S, Carvalho S; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Le&#227;o S, Carvalho S, Ribeiro H; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Carvalho S, Ribeiro H, Fontes P, Moreira JI.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>108</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>381</fpage>
      <lpage>382</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Surgical Procedures / complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A 33-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, cough and pedal edema for the past six months. Six years earlier she had been submitted to Ross procedure for correction of a bicuspid aortic valve. </p>
    <p>Physical exam was unremarkable except by a grade 3 systolic murmur on left sternal border. </p>
    <p>A chest X-ray revealed an opacity on left border of cardiac silhouette (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1A</xref>). Transthoracic echocardiography presented a giant saccular structure, adjacent and connected to the left ventricular outflow tract through a neck located at 2 o&#180;clock position, compatible with a pseudoaneurysm. This structure caused compression of the right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) and pulmonary artery, causing mild obstruction (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1 B</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">C</xref>).</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>A) Chest radiograph; B and C) Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography, modified short axis and subcostal views; D and E) Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging; F) Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Ao: aorta; LA: left atrium; LVOT: left ventricle outflow tract; LV: left ventricule; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricule; PA: pulmonary artery; PsA: Pseudoaneurysm; RVOT: right ventricle outflow tract.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-108-04-0381-70008-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging identified its origin on left ventricule outflow tract (LVOT), in close relation to left and non-coronary sinus. There were small thrombi inside the pseudoaneurysm, tapering the wall adjacent to the left ventricle (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1D</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">E</xref>).</p>
    <p>Patient was surgically treated. The pseudoaneurysm sack was opened through a transpleural access and the communication between the LVOT and the pseudoaneurysmal cavity was closed with a Teflon patch. Patient's post-operative recovery and follow-up were uneventful.</p>
    <p>After 3 months of follow-up she is asymptomatic. The pseudoaneurysm is completely excluded from arterial circulation, without significant obstruction of RVOT (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1F</xref>).</p>
    <p>LVOT pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of Ross procedure. Follow-up with imaging techniques allows early identification and prompt intervention.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pseudoaneurisma Gigante da Via de Sa&#237;da do Ventr&#237;culo Esquerdo ap&#243;s Procedimento de Ross</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Le&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>S&#237;lvia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Sofia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>H&#233;lder</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fontes</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>J. Il&#237;dio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Hospital de Vila Real, Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: S&#237;lvia Le&#227;o</bold>, Av. da Noruega. CEP 5000-508. Vila Real - Portugal. E-mail: <email>silvia.carneiro.leao@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Le&#227;o S; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Le&#227;o S, Carvalho S; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Le&#227;o S, Carvalho S, Ribeiro H; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Carvalho S, Ribeiro H, Fontes P, Moreira JI.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Obstru&#231;&#227;o do Fluxo Ventricular Externo / cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Procedimentos Cir&#250;rgicos Card&#237;acos / complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Mulher de 33 anos deu entrada em nosso hospital apresentando sintomas de dispneia ap&#243;s exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, ortopneia, tosse e edema podal nos &#250;ltimos seis meses. Seis anos antes, ela foi submetida ao procedimento de Ross para corre&#231;&#227;o de uma v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide. </p>
      <p>Exame f&#237;sico n&#227;o apresentou problemas, exceto por um sopro sist&#243;lico de n&#237;vel 3 na borda esquerda do esterno. </p>
      <p>Um raio X do peito revelou uma opacidade na borda esquerda da silhueta card&#237;aca (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1A</xref>). Ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica apresentou uma estrutura sacular gigante, adjacente e conectada &#224; via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo por meio de um istmo localizado na posi&#231;&#227;o de 2 horas, compat&#237;vel com um pseudoaneurisma. Esta estrutura causou compress&#227;o da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito (VSVD) e da art&#233;ria pulmonar, causando uma obstru&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1 B</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">C</xref>)</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>A) Radiografia de t&#243;rax; B e C) Ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria, eixos axiais modificados e vis&#245;es subcostais; D e E) Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria; F) Imagem de resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica de seguimento. Ao: aorta; AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; VSVE: via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; AD: &#225;trio direito; AP: art&#233;ria pulmonar; PsA: Pseudoaneurisma; VSVD: via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-108-04-0381-70008-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Imagens de resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca identificaram sua origem na via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VSVE), relacionado diretamente ao seio esquerdo e n&#227;o coron&#225;rio. Havia pequenos trombos no pseudoaneurisma, comprimindo a parede adjacente ao ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1 D</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">E</xref>).</p>
      <p>A paciente foi tratada cirurgicamente. A bolsa do pseudoaneurisma foi aberta por meio de um acesso transpleural e a comunica&#231;&#227;o entre a VSVE e a cavidade do pseudoaneurisma foi fechada com um tamp&#227;o de teflon. A recupera&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria e o acompanhamento da paciente decorreram sem problemas.</p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s 3 meses de acompanhamento, a paciente encontra-se assintom&#225;tica. O pseudoaneurisma foi totalmente isolado da circula&#231;&#227;o arterial, sem obstru&#231;&#227;o significante da VSVD (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1F</xref>).</p>
      <p>Pseudoaneurisma da VSVE &#233; uma complica&#231;&#227;o incomum do procedimento de Ross, mas que pode amea&#231;ar a vida. Acompanhamento com t&#233;cnicas de imagem permitem uma identifica&#231;&#227;o antecipada e uma r&#225;pida interven&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
