<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.5" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">KNxvD5JLMFf97BLxbFXhZ8g</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2017000400375</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170048</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case 3/2017 - High Origin of the Right Coronary Artery at the Sinotubular Junction, in a 14-Year-Old Teenager, in Diagnostic Imaging Diversity</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Leal</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Dr. Edmar Atik</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Dr. Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Edmar ATik</bold>, Private office. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. Postal Code 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>108</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>375</fpage>
      <lpage>377</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Vessels</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography, Doppler</kwd>
        <kwd>Sinus of Valsalva</kwd>
        <kwd>High origin of right coronary artery</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Clinical data</title>
      <p>He reports that, six months ago, after discreet exercise (having run about 500 meters) he felt tiredness and dizziness, malaise and skin paleness. Repeated migraines accompany the clinical status. Recent bi-Doppler echocardiography revealed the high origin of the right coronary artery at the sinotubular junction. There was no morbid past of importance.</p>
      <p>Physical examination: eupneic, acyanotic, normal pulses. Weight: 66 Kgs, Height: 169 cm, BP: 110/65 mm Hg, HR: 57 bpm, O2 saturation = 96%. The aorta was not palpated at the suprasternal notch.</p>
      <p>In the precordium, without systolic impulses, the <italic>ictus cordis</italic> was not palpated. Cardiac sounds were normal and heart murmur was not heard. The liver was not palpated.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Additional Examinations</title>
        <p><bold>Electrocardiogram</bold> showed sinus rhythm and signs of electrical normality. The duration of the QRS complex was 0.092` with morphology rS in V1 and qRs in V6, with negative T wave in V1. AP: + 40&#176;, AQRS: + 75&#176;, AT: + 25&#176;.</p>
        <p><bold>Chest X-ray</bold> shows normal cardiac area and pulmonary vascular markings (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Chest X-ray shows normal cardiac area and pulmonary vascular markings and parasternal long-axis view echocardiogram clearly points to the high origin of the right coronary artery at the sinotubular junction. Ao: aorta; RC: right coronary; AoV: aortic valve, LV: left ventricle.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-108-04-0375-70048-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Image exams: Bi-Doppler echocardiogram</bold> showed cardiac cavities of normal size and function. The dimensions were, in Ao = 24; RA = 28; RV = 20; LV = 49; ventricular septum and posterior wall of LV = 7; Ventricular ejection fraction = 65%. The right coronary artery in the parasternal long axis view showed high origin at the sinotubular junction in clear oblique orientation between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <p><bold>Tilt-test</bold> showed no significant changes in blood pressure (103/66 to 104/65 mmHg) and heart rate (from 77 to 94 bpm).</p>
        <p><bold>Dynamic 24-hour electrocardiogram (Holter)</bold>: showed no changes in heart rhythm and / or waves, complex and electrical segments.</p>
        <p><bold>Angiotomography of the coronary arteries</bold> revealed normal and usual origin of them in the different sinuses of Valsalva and both at the same height (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Angiotomographies of the coronary arteries, in two distinct views, show normal origins and at the same height of both. AD: anterior descending; Cx: circunflex artery; LCA: left coronary artery; RCA: right coronary artery; TLCA: trunk of left coronary artery.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-108-04-0375-70048-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Myocardial scintigraphy with physical exertion</bold> did not reveal any myocardial ischemic changes.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical diagnosis</title>
        <p>High origin of the right coronary artery at the right sinotubular junction by echocardiogram, in a teenager with nonspecific symptoms, not confirmed by angiographic study.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical reasoning</title>
        <p>The clinical elements were compatible with cardiovascular normality with nonspecific symptoms. The finding of an echocardiographic examination with a high origin of the right coronary artery led to a more accurate investigation of the existence of myocardial ischemia, not evidenced in myocardial scintigraphy and angiotomography.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Differential diagnosis</title>
        <p>The anatomical and ischemic findings of the heart in teenagers and young adults occur in several other situations, such as the origin of coronary artery from the contralateral sinus of Valsalva (most common coronary anomaly of all), as well as in hypoplastic coronary arteries, in stenosis in the coronary ostium-<italic>slitlike shape</italic>, in aortic and also interarterial intramural tracts, between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, besides the acute angle formed between the coronary and the aorta in descending straight path, and finally in the early atherosclerotic disease. All these conditions are well recognized as causing ischemia and sudden death after physical exertion, and with prodromes of palpitations, syncope or precordial pain.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Conduct</title>
        <p>As the findings of the echocardiogram did not find any correspondence with the normal images revealed by angiotomography and consolidated by the functional study of myocardial scintigraphy, there was the recommendation of periodic follow-up without limitation of the usual activities. It was difficult to explain the echocardiographic finding that was characterized by a diagnostic error of this coronary anomaly. Hence, the need for an ever more accurate assessment in order to confirm the diagnosis, having as support the analysis of all the elements that were exhaustively pursued in the case in question.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Comments</title>
      <p>High origin of the coronary artery is very rare (0.1% of the right coronary artery and 0.7% of the left of all coronary abnormalities) and in the reported cases, associated ischemia is systematically correlated with the presence of other additional abnormalities. Therefore, it is difficult to implicate high coronary origin as a cause of ischemic event and hence as being definitely pathological. It may predispose to myocardial ischemic alterations in the presence of associated abnormalities, such as in a single coronary artery, in a vertical and oblique path between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, allowing obstruction by compression and with consequent reduction of coronary flow, as well as a narrow coronary ostium<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> and intramural aortic. Thus, in findings of high origin of the coronary artery we should immediately eliminate the presence of myocardial ischemia due to decreased ostium (50% of the diameter), interarterial pathway or presence of another abnormality.However, there are authors who believe in the hypothesis of myocardial ischemia only because of the high coronary origin due to the reduction of the diastolic filling of the coronary, being able in addition to theoretically cause chronic myocardial damage with consequences in adulthood. Thus, the question is if the high origin of the coronary artery constitutes a benign or malignant anomaly.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Priemer DS, Danon S, Guzman MA: Unexpected cardiac death due to a slit-like left coronary ostium with associated high take-off of the right coronary artery in a previously healthy child. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2015;11(1):124-6.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Priemer</surname>
              <given-names>DS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Danon</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guzman</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Unexpected cardiac death due to a slit-like left coronary ostium with associated high take-off of the right coronary artery in a previously healthy child</article-title>
          <source>Forensic Sci Med Pathol</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>11</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>124</fpage>
          <lpage>126</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Rosenthal RL, Carrothers IA, Schussler JM. Benign or malignant anomaly? Very high takeoff of the left main coronary artery above the left coronary sinus. Tex Heart Inst J 2012;39(4):538-41.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rosenthal</surname>
              <given-names>RL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Carrothers</surname>
              <given-names>IA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schussler</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Benign or malignant anomaly? Very high takeoff of the left main coronary artery above the left coronary sinus</article-title>
          <source>Tex Heart Inst J</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>39</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>538</fpage>
          <lpage>541</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Loukas M , Andall RG, Khan AZ, Patel K, Muresian H, Spicer DE, et al. The clinical anatomy of high take-off coronary arteries. Clin Anat. 2016; 29(3):408-19.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Loukas</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andall</surname>
              <given-names>RG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Khan</surname>
              <given-names>AZ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Patel</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Muresian</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Spicer</surname>
              <given-names>DE</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The clinical anatomy of high take-off coronary arteries</article-title>
          <source>Clin Anat</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>29</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>408</fpage>
          <lpage>419</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 3/2017 - Origem Alta da Art&#233;ria Coron&#225;ria Direita na Jun&#231;&#227;o Sinotubular, em Jovem de 14 Anos, em Diversidade Diagn&#243;stica de Imagens</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Leal</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Dr. Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar ATik</bold>, Consult&#243;rio privado. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. CEP 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Vasos Coron&#225;rios</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia Doppler</kwd>
        <kwd>Seio A&#243;rtico</kwd>
        <kwd>Origem alta da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Dados cl&#237;nicos</title>
        <p>Refere que, h&#225; seis meses, ap&#243;s exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico discreto (ter corrido cerca de 500 metros) sentiu cansa&#231;o e tontura, mal estar e palidez cut&#226;nea. Enxaquecas repetidas acompanham o quadro. Recente ecocardiograma bi-<italic>Doppler</italic> revelou a origem alta da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita na jun&#231;&#227;o sinotubular. N&#227;o apresentava passado m&#243;rbido de import&#226;ncia.</p>
        <p>Exame f&#237;sico: eupn&#233;ica, acian&#243;tica, pulsos normais. Peso: 66 Kgs, Altura: 169 cm, PA: 110/65 mm Hg, FC: 57 bpm, satura&#231;&#227;o O<sub>2</sub>= 96%. A aorta n&#227;o era palpada na f&#250;rcula.</p>
        <p>No prec&#243;rdio, sem impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas, o <italic>ictus cordis</italic> n&#227;o era palpado. As bulhas card&#237;acas eram normofon&#233;ticas e n&#227;o se auscultava sopro card&#237;aco. O f&#237;gado n&#227;o era palpado.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Exames Complementares</title>
          <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold> mostrava ritmo sinusal e sinais de normalidade el&#233;trica. A dura&#231;&#227;o do complexo QRS era de 0,092` com morfologia rS em V1 e qRs em V6, com onda T negativa em V1. AP: +40&#176;, AQRS: +75&#176;, AT: +25&#176;.</p>
          <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax</bold> mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca e trama vascular pulmonar normais (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f3">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Radiografia de t&#243;rax mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca e trama vascular pulmonar normais e ecocardiograma em corte paraesternal eixo longo salienta claramente a origem alta da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita na jun&#231;&#227;o sinotubular. Ao: aorta, CD: coron&#225;ria direita; VAo: valva a&#243;rtica; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-108-04-0375-70048-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p><bold>Exames de imagem: Ecocardiograma bi-<italic>Doppler</italic></bold> mostrou cavidades card&#237;acas de tamanho e fun&#231;&#227;o normais. As dimens&#245;es eram, em Ao = 24; AE = 28; VD = 20; VE = 49; septo ventricular e parede posterior de VE = 7; fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o ventricular = 65%. A art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita em corte paraesternal eixo longo mostrava origem alta na jun&#231;&#227;o sinotubular em n&#237;tida orienta&#231;&#227;o obl&#237;qua entre a aorta e o tronco pulmonar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
          <p><bold>Exame da inclina&#231;&#227;o (<italic>tilt-test</italic>)</bold> n&#227;o mostrou altera&#231;&#245;es expressivas da press&#227;o arterial (103/66 para 104/65 mmHg) e da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (de 77 para 94 bpm).</p>
          <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma din&#226;mico de 24 horas (<italic>Holter</italic>):</bold> n&#227;o revelou altera&#231;&#245;es do ritmo card&#237;aco e/ou das ondas, complexos e de segmentos el&#233;tricos.</p>
          <p><bold>Angiotomografia das art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias</bold> revelou origem normal e habitual das mesmas nos distintos seios de <italic>Valsalva</italic> e ambas na mesma altura (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Angiotomografias das art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias, em dois planos distintos, mostram origens normais e na mesma altura de ambas. CD: coron&#225;ria direita; CE: coron&#225;ria esquerda; Cx: circunflexa; TCE: tronco da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda; DA: descendente anterior.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-108-04-0375-70048-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p><bold>Cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica com esfor&#231;o f&#237;sico</bold> n&#227;o revelou qualquer altera&#231;&#227;o isqu&#234;mica mioc&#225;rdica.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Diagn&#243;stico Cl&#237;nico</title>
          <p>Origem alta da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita, na jun&#231;&#227;o sinotubular direita pelo ecocardiograma, em jovem com sintomas inespec&#237;ficos, n&#227;o comprovada pelo estudo angiogr&#225;fico.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Racioc&#237;nio Cl&#237;nico</title>
          <p>Os elementos cl&#237;nicos eram compat&#237;veis com normalidade cardiovascular com sintomas inespec&#237;ficos. Achado de exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico com origem alta da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita motivou &#224; investiga&#231;&#227;o mais acurada da exist&#234;ncia de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica, n&#227;o evidenciada na cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica e na angiotomografia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial</title>
          <p>Os achados anat&#244;micos e equivalentes isqu&#234;micos do cora&#231;&#227;o em jovens e em adultos jovens ocorrem em v&#225;rias outras situa&#231;&#245;es como na origem da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria do seio de <italic>Valsalva</italic> contralateral (anomalia coron&#225;ria mais comum de todas), assim como em art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias hipopl&#225;sicas, em estenoses nos &#243;stios coron&#225;rios-<italic>slitlike shape</italic>, em trajetos intramurais a&#243;rticos e ainda interarteriais, entre a aorta e a art&#233;ria pulmonar, al&#233;m do &#226;ngulo agudo formado entre a coron&#225;ria e a aorta em trajeto reto descendente, e por &#250;ltimo na doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica precoce. Todas essas condi&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o bem reconhecidas como causadoras de isquemia e de morte s&#250;bita ap&#243;s esfor&#231;o f&#237;sico, e com pr&#243;dromos de palpita&#231;&#245;es, s&#237;ncope ou dor precordial.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conduta</title>
          <p>Como os achados do ecocardiograma n&#227;o encontraram qualquer correspond&#234;ncia com as imagens normais reveladas pela angiotomografia e consolidadas pelo estudo funcional da cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica, houve a recomenda&#231;&#227;o de seguimento peri&#243;dico sem limita&#231;&#227;o das atividades usuais. Foi dif&#237;cil a explica&#231;&#227;o do achado ecocardiogr&#225;fico que se caracterizou como erro diagn&#243;stico dessa anomalia coron&#225;ria. Da&#237;, a necessidade de avalia&#231;&#227;o sempre mais acurada afim de diagn&#243;stico comprobat&#243;rio, tendo como respaldo a an&#225;lise do conjunto dos elementos como foi exaustivamente perseguido no caso em quest&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Coment&#225;rios</title>
        <p>A origem alta da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria &#233; muito rara (0,1% da coron&#225;ria direita e 0,7% da esquerda dentre todas as anomalias coron&#225;rias) e nos casos relatados, a isquemia associada &#233; correlacionada sistematicamente com a presen&#231;a de outras anormalidades adicionais. Por isso, torna-se dif&#237;cil a implica&#231;&#227;o da origem alta coronariana como causadora de evento isqu&#234;mico e da&#237; como sendo definidamente patol&#243;gica. Pode sim predispor a altera&#231;&#245;es isqu&#234;micas mioc&#225;rdicas em presen&#231;a de anormalidades associadas como em coron&#225;ria &#250;nica, em trajeto vertical e obl&#237;quo entre a aorta e a art&#233;ria pulmonar possibilitando obstru&#231;&#227;o por compress&#227;o e com consequente diminui&#231;&#227;o de fluxo coron&#225;rio, al&#233;m de &#243;stio coron&#225;rio estreito<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> e em trajeto intramural a&#243;rtico. Assim, em achados de origem alta da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria se deve afastar imediatamente presen&#231;a de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica por &#243;stio diminu&#237;do (50% do di&#226;metro), trajeto interarterial ou presen&#231;a de outra anormalidade.</p>
        <p>No entanto, h&#225; autores que acreditam na hip&#243;tese de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica apenas pela origem alta coronariana pela diminui&#231;&#227;o do enchimento diast&#243;lico da coron&#225;ria, al&#233;m de poder provocar teoricamente dano mioc&#225;rdico cr&#244;nico com consequ&#234;ncias na idade adulta. Fica assim a pergunta se a origem alta da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria, constitui-se anomalia benigna ou maligna.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
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