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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">C9DqWwgnvqDZbCGvCgMx5Zh</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2017000200109</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2017005001101</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Meneguz-Moreno</surname>
            <given-names>Rafael Alexandre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; de Ribamar</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moscoso</surname>
            <given-names>Freddy Ant&#244;nio Britto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Staico</surname>
            <given-names>Rodolfo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tanajura</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Fernando Leite</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Centemero</surname>
            <given-names>Marinella Patrizia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chaves</surname>
            <given-names>Aur&#233;a Jacob</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abizaid</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea Claudia Le&#227;o de Sousa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Amanda Guerra de Moraes Rego e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abizaid</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Antonio Cunha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Rafael Alexandre Meneguz-Moreno</bold>, Av. Onze de Junho, 99 Apto 113 A. Postal Code 04041-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>rafael.meneguz@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Meneguz-Moreno RA, Costa Junior JR, Staico R, Tanajura LFL, Centemero MP;Acquisition of data: Meneguz-Moreno RA, Moscoso FAB; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Meneguz-Moreno RA, Costa Junior JR, Moscoso FAB, Staico R, Centemero MP, Chaves AJ, Abizaid ACLS; Statistical analysis: Moscoso FAB; Obtaining financing: Abizaid AAC; Writing of the manuscript: Meneguz-Moreno RA, Costa Junior JR, Chaves AJ; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Staico R, Tanajura LFL, Abizaid ACLS, Rego e Sousa AGM, Abizaid AAC.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>108</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>109</fpage>
      <lpage>115</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) were developed to improve the long-term results of percutaneous coronary intervention, restoring vasomotion. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To report very late follow-up of everolimus-eluting Absorb BVS (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, USA) in our center.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Observational retrospective study, in a single Brazilian center, from August 2011 to October 2013, including 49 patients submitted to Absorb BVS implantation. Safety and efficacy outcomes were analyzed in the in-hospital and very late follow-up phases (&gt; 2 years).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>All 49 patients underwent a minimum follow-up of 2.5 years and a maximum of 4.6 years. Mean age was 56.8 &#177; 7.6 years, 71.4% of the patients were men, and 26.5% were diabetic. Regarding clinical presentation, the majority (94%) had stable angina or silent ischemia. Device success was achieved in 100% of cases with 96% overall procedure success rate. Major adverse cardiovascular events rate was 4% at 30 days, 8.2% at 1 year, and 12.2% at 2 years, and there were no more events until 4.6 years. There were 2 cases of thrombosis (1 subacute and 1 late). </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p> In this preliminary analysis, Absorb BVS showed to be a safe and effective device in the very late follow-up. Establishing the efficacy and safety profiles of these devices in more complex scenarios is necessary.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Absorbable Implants / utilization</kwd>
        <kwd>Everolimus</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Clinical Evolution</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>In the era of drug-eluting stents (DES), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) significantly improved clinical outcomes, with a reduction in excessive neointimal proliferation by adding antiproliferative agents. The permanent presence of intracoronary metal devices and long-lasting polymers, however, can delay natural vascular healing, resulting in constant inflammatory response and unfavorable clinical outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS), thus, appeared as an alternative to those permanent prostheses: they can maintain the mechanical properties of metallic DES in the first months, and then be completely reabsorbed, eliminating possible adverse effects of their presence in the coronary arteries. </p>
      <p>Recently developed, the Absorb BVS (Abbot Vascular, Santa Clara, USA) is aimed at meeting the above-mentioned criteria, maintaining the efficacy profile of last-generation metallic DES. The Absorb BVS was assessed in humans for the first time in the ABSORB clinical trial (cohorts A and B), with promising results.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Based on those results, the ABSORB EXTEND study, a multicenter single-arm study, has been conducted in 56 centers of several countries, aimed initially at including around 800 patients and at assessing the safety and performance of the Absorb BVS in a larger and more diversified population, as compared to that of initial studies, with more complex lesions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The present analysis reports the very late follow-up (&gt;2 years) of the first patients submitted to Absorb BVS implantation in Brazil, as part of the ABSORB EXTEND multicenter registry. </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Study design and target population</title>
        <p>The present study included the patients treated with Absorb BVS between August/2011 and October/2013, in a tertiary cardiological center in Brazil, who were included in the international multicenter single-arm study, ABSORB EXTEND study, as part of the first 512 patients recruited in 56 centers of Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Latin America and Canada. </p>
        <p>It is worth noting that the participation in the EXTEND registry marks the beginning of the Brazilian experience with that new technology. This study was financed by Abbot Vascular, Santa Clara, USA. The Ethics Committee on Research of our institution approved the study protocol, and all patients provided written informed consent.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Inclusion/exclusion criteria</title>
        <p>Patients with the following characteristics were included in the study: age &#8805; 18 years; evidence of myocardial ischemia, such as stable or unstable angina; silent ischemia; and functional test or transient alterations on 12-lead electrocardiography compatible with ischemia.</p>
        <p>The patients had up to two <italic>de novo</italic> lesions that could be percutaneously treated, each located in separate native epicardial vessels. The lesions should be in a native coronary vessel, whose target-vessel diameter was &#8805; 2.0 mm and &#8804; 3.3 mm, and whose target-lesion extension was &#8804; 28 mm, both assessed by use of on-line quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) or intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS). The target lesions should be in an artery or branch of significant caliber and stenosis should be visually estimated &#8805; 50% and &lt; 100%, with TIMI (<italic>Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction</italic>) flow &#8805; 1. Previous PCI in a non-target vessel was allowed, if performed at least 30 days after the index procedure or planned for 6 months after the index procedure; PCI in target-vessel lesions were allowed if performed at least 6 months before the index procedure or planned to 6 months after the index procedure.</p>
        <p>Patients with the following characteristics were excluded from the study: previous acute myocardial infarction (AMI) up to 3 days before the index procedure; arrhythmias with hemodynamic instability; left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 30%; chronic renal failure; left main coronary artery lesions; lesions in arterial or venous grafts; in-stent restenosis; bifurcation lesions; total occlusion (TIMI flow 0); and significant calcification or excessive tortuosity.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Device</title>
        <p>We used the Absorb BVS, the same device used in cohort B of the ABSORB study.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> The Absorb platform is composed by the polymer poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), the antiproliferative drug everolimus (Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Basel, Switzerland), and a matrix of poly-D, L-lactic acid (PDLLA), at a 1:1 ratio, forming an amorphous matrix covered with 100&#181; everolimus/cm<sup>2</sup>. Both PLLA and PDLLA are metabolized and resorbed in the body. PDLLA is expected to be completely resorbed by the arteries in 9 months, while PLLA, in approximately 36 months. During resorption, the chains with PLLA and PDLLA are hydrolyzed, the last product of that reaction being lactic acid, biologically metabolized via Krebs cycle.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p>At the time the patients were included in this study, Absorb devices were available only in two diameters (2.5 and 3.0 mm) and two lengths (18 and 28 mm). </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Procedure</title>
        <p>All procedures were performed electively, in accordance with current guidelines. The lesions were treated with the usual intervention techniques, which required pre-dilatation with a shorter balloon, with a diameter 0.5 mm smaller than that of the device used. The Absorb's deployment pressure should never exceed the manufacturer's maximum nominal reference value. </p>
        <p>Post-dilatation was subjected to need and operator's assessment. It was performed with non-compliant balloons, within the expansion limits of the BVS (post-dilatation balloons should not exceed 0.5 mm the nominal diameter of the implanted BVS).</p>
        <p>Preprocedural dual antiplatelet therapy comprised an attack dose of acetylsalicylic acid (300 mg) and clopidogrel (300 mg), at least 24 hours before the procedure, or 600 mg if &lt; 24 hours. After the intervention, acetylsalicylic acid was prescribed indefinitely and clopidogrel (75 mg/day) was maintained for at least 6 months.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Quantitative coronary angiography and intracoronary ultrasound</title>
        <p>The recommended limits of the target-vessel's diameter were established by use of on-line QCA on distal and proximal maximal luminal diameter (Dmax), the Dmax being assessed in the distal and proximal portions of the target segment to be coated with the BVS, or by use of ICUS. Overlapping of the BVS was allowed for lesions &gt; 22 mm and &#8804; 28 mm, with a recommended limit of 1-4 mm.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Follow-up</title>
        <p>Clinical follow-up, via outpatient clinic consultation or telephone, was mandatory at day 30 (&#177; 7 days), 6 months (&#177; 14 days) and 1, 2 and 3 years (&#177; 28 days), following the ABSORB EXTEND study protocol. After that, routine return visits were recommended. Minimum follow-up was 2.5 years. All adverse events and symptoms, such as angina, details of subsequent PCIs, as well as medication use and changes, were collected in the period. The patients did not undergo a new protocol coronary angiography, being only reassessed in case of clinical indication due to symptoms or evidence of ischemia.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study outcomes</title>
        <p>All outcomes were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee abiding by the protocol definitions based on the Academic Research Consortium (ARC).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Clinical success comprised device's success (based on the target lesion) and procedural success (assessed in each patient). In addition, it included scaffold thrombosis (ST), cardiovascular death, AMI (either related or not to the target vessel) and revascularization rate (target-lesion or target-vessel revascularization, or total revascularization). In addition, combined outcome rates, considering ischemia-driven (ID) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (ID-MACE), ID target-vessel failure (ID-TVF), ID target-vessel revascularization and ID target-lesion revascularization (ID-TLR), were assessed.</p>
        <p>The device's success was defined as successful device's deployment in the target lesion and successful withdrawal of the BVS delivery system, with residual stenosis &lt; 50% assessed via QCA (or visual estimate, when QCA was unavailable).</p>
        <p>The procedure's success was defined as device's success with no ID-MACE during hospitalization for up to 7 days after the procedure. If there were two lesions, both should meet the success criteria.</p>
        <p>Cardiac death was defined as any death of cardiac cause, such as AMI, low output syndrome, and lethal arrhythmia. Unattended death and death of unknown cause were classified as cardiac death. This included the deaths related to the procedure.</p>
        <p>The classification of AMI and the diagnostic criteria were defined based on the pre-established protocol:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Q-wave AMI, characterized by the development of a new pathological Q wave; Non-Q-wave AMI, defined as elevation of creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels &#8805; 2 times the upper limit of normality with concomitant increase in CK-MB in the absence of new pathological Q waves.</p>
        <p>The revascularization events were defined as follows: </p>
        <p>
          <list list-type="simple">
            <list-item>
              <p>- ID-MACE: composed of cardiac death, Q-wave/non-Q-wave AMI, target-lesion revascularization via PCI or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG);</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>- ID-TVF: composed of cardiac death, AMI with and without Q wave, target-vessel revascularization via PCI or CABG;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>- ID-TLR: defined as any new PCI in the target lesion, either percutaneous or CABG in the target vessel with positive functional ischemia, ischemic symptoms or angiography evidencing lumen diameter at stenosis &#8805; 50% by use of QCA, or revascularization of a target lesion with diameter &#8805; 70% by use of QCA without ischemic symptoms or functional test.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </p>
        <p>Scaffold thrombosis was categorized as acute (&lt; 1 day), subacute (1-30 days), late (&gt; 30 days and &lt; 1 year) and very late (&gt;1 year), and defined based on the ARC guidelines as follows:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> definite (acute coronary syndrome and pathological or angiographic confirmation of the BVS thrombosis) or likely (death of unknown cause &#8804; 30 days or AMI related to the target vessel without angiographic confirmation).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Continuous variables with normal distribution were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Categorical variables were expressed as absolute numbers and percentages. The SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Science, Chicago, USA), version 19, was used for data tabulation.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>The present study represents the analysis of 49 patients (53 lesions/57 BVS) included in the ABSORB EXTEND study and submitted to PCI with Absorb BVS implantation, at a Brazilian tertiary cardiology center. Clinical 1-year follow-up was obtained in 100% of the cases, while 2-year follow-up, in 97.9% of the cases. Mean follow-up was 3.59 &#177; 0.72 years (2.5-4.6 years).</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> shows the demographic and clinical characteristics of the population studied. The patients' mean age was 56.8 &#177; 7.6 years, most of them were men (71.4%), and 26.5% of the population studied had diabetes. In addition, only 6.1% of the patients had more than one target lesion, and 6.1% of the patients presented with clinical findings of acute coronary syndrome (55.1%, stable angina; 38.8%, silent ischemia). Neither ST-segment elevation AMI nor recent AMI occurred.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Demographic and clinical characteristics</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="50%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">ABSORB BVS (n = 49)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age (years), mean</td>
              <td align="center">56.8 &#177; 7.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male sex, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">35 (71.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">13 (26.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (10.2%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Hypertension, n (%).</td>
              <td align="center">39 (79.6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dyslipidemia, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">38 (77.6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoking, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">30 (6.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Renal failure (CrCl &lt; 60 mL.min), n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">4 (8.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous AMI, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">30 (61.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous PCI, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">30 (6.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous CABG, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (4.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Clinical presentation, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Stable angina</td>
              <td align="center">27 (55.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">NSTEACS</td>
              <td align="center">3 (6.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Silent ischemia</td>
              <td align="center">19 (38.8)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN01">
            <p>CrCl: creatinine clearance; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; NSTEACS: Non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> illustrates the angiographic characteristics of the lesions treated and the procedure. Most lesions treated were in the anterior descending coronary artery (46.9%), followed by the right coronary (32.6%) and circumflex (26.5%) arteries. The mean grade of stenosis was 76.0 &#177; 8.5%. By use of on-line QCA or ICUS, the lesions had a mean diameter of 2.92 &#177; 0.28 mm (range, 2.2-3.5 mm) and a mean extension of 15.98 &#177; 5.55 mm (range, 7-28 mm).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Angiographic and procedural characteristics</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="50%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">ABSORB BVS (n = 49)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Target vessel, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Anterior descending coronary artery</td>
              <td align="center">23 (46.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Right coronary artery</td>
              <td align="center">16 (32.6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Circumflex artery</td>
              <td align="center">13 (26.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Multiple vessels</td>
              <td align="center">6 (12.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diameter of the lesion, mm</td>
              <td align="center">2.92 &#177; 0.28</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Length of the lesion, mm</td>
              <td align="center">15.98 &#177; 5.55</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Mean grade of stenosis, (%)</td>
              <td align="center">76.0 &#177; 8.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Number of target lesions, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">One</td>
              <td align="center">39 (93.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Two</td>
              <td align="center">3 (6.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Pre-dilatation, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">49 (100)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Post-dilatation, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">46 (93.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Angiographic success, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">49 (100)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Device success, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">49 (100)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Procedural success, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">47 (95.9)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The device's clinical success was 100%, while the procedure's clinical success was 96% (47/49) in the 49 patients submitted to PCI with Absorb implantation. Two patients (4%) had periprocedural AMI while hospitalized.</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref> shows the clinical outcome data at 30 days and 1 year, and the very late follow-up of the patients. At 30 days, the MACE rate was 4% because of the periprocedural AMI rate. Cardiac mortality, target-vessel revascularization and non-target-vessel revascularization was 0%.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Clinical outcomes in early, middle-term and long-term follow-up</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="35%"/>
            <col width="13%"/>
            <col width="13%"/>
            <col width="13%"/>
            <col width="13%"/>
            <col width="13%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">30 days<break/> n = 49</th>
              <th align="center">12 months<break/> n = 49</th>
              <th align="center">24 months<break/> n = 48</th>
              <th align="center">36 months<break/> n = 30</th>
              <th align="center">48 months<break/> n = 16</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">MACE, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (4)</td>
              <td align="center">4 (8.2)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (12.2)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (12.2)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (12.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Global mortality, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Cardiac death, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>AMI, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Q-wave AMI</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Non-Q-wave AMI</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Periprocedural AMI, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (4)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ID-target-vessel revascularization, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ID-target-lesion revascularization, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">MR not related to ID-target-vessel or lesion, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (4)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Scaffold thrombosis, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Acute</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Subacute</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Late</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Very late</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Stroke, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN02">
            <p>MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; MR: myocardial revascularization; ID: ischemia directed.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>At 1 year, the MACE rate was 8.2%, because of cardiac death and need for revascularization of the target vessel (but not of the target lesion) via PCI in one patient, the global AMI rate being maintained as 0%. At 2 years, the MACE rate was 12.2% because of a non-Q AMI event related to the target vessel and one in-stent restenosis event requiring target-lesion revascularization. From 2 years of follow-up till now, there were neither cardiovascular nor cerebrovascular events, and the accumulated MACE rate remained as 12.2% among the patients followed up till almost 5 years.</p>
      <p>Regarding device's thrombosis and based on the ARC criteria, the findings were as follows: one case of definite subacute thrombosis 13 days after implantation, need for urgent surgical vascular procedure and a new angiographic study with an unsuccessful recanalization attempt; and one case of likely late thrombosis 34 days after PCI (sudden death episode). After one year, there was no additional case of thrombosis. </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>In this initial experience, at a single center, the Absorb BVS performed well in the long run, with a very low target-vessel failure rate.</p>
      <p>In the past 3 years, more than 60,000 patients were treated with Absorb BVS worldwide, despite the lack of a robust randomized study comparing it with contemporary drug-eluting stents.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The assessment of Absorb BVS has begun with the ABSORB cohort studies A and B and clinical trial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> After changes in the device's design and structure, the device's current version began to be used in cohort B, involving 101 patients, and showed a 1-year late lumen loss of 0.27 mm, the 2-year follow-up evidencing a MACE rate of 6.8% and no device's thrombosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> At 5 years, the Absorb's structures were no longer discernible on optical tomography or ICUS, the MACE rate being 11%, with no evidence of thrombosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The initial analysis of the first 512 patients recruited in the ABSORB EXTEND registry, in a 1-year follow-up, confirms the efficacy of Absorb BVS, with very low incidence of ID-MACE (4.8%), ID-TVF (4.4%) and device's thrombosis (0.8%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> At 3 years, with 250 patients, the MACE rate was 9.3%, the ID-TVF, 10.1%, and thrombosis, 1.2%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In our study, the MACE rate in a very late follow-up was equivalent, with no event after 2 years, corroborating the theory that the major benefit of the BVS occurs in the long run, with both low rate of events and the likelihood of new revascularization and BVS assessment by use of non-invasive imaging techniques.</p>
      <p>Regarding the comparison with the results of drug-eluting metal stents, no long-term follow-up study has been published. In a recent meta-analysis encompassing the last four randomized studies comparing Absorb BVS with the everolimus-eluting metal stent Xience&#174; (Abbot Vascular, Santa Clara, USA), ABSORB II,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> ABSORB III,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> ABSORB Japan<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> and ABSORB China,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> the relative combined outcomes rates at the end of the first year did not differ between the Absorb and Xience groups (11.9% vs. 10.6%, respectively, p=0.38). Target-vessel AMI was significantly higher in the Absorb group as compared to the Xience group (5.1% vs. 3.3%, respectively, p=0.04), due partially to the higher rate of periprocedural AMI and partially to the higher rate of ST (definite or likely) in the Absorb group (1.3% vs. 0.6%, respectively, p=0.08). The results were similar after multivariate analysis adjusted to baseline characteristics, and were consistent even in the analysis of most subgroups.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The EVERBIO-II Trial (<italic>Comparison of Everolimus- and Biolimus-Eluting Stents With Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Stents II</italic>), a single-center study, involved 240 patients randomized at the 1:1:1 proportion for everolimus-eluting stent, biolimus-eluting stent or Absorb BVS. In a 2-year follow-up, the MACE rate related to the device was 13% in the everolimus- and biolimus-eluting stent groups vs. 21% in the Absorb group (p=0.12), and the related MACE rate was 32% vs. 35%, respectively (p=0.67), with only one ST event in the Absorb group and none in the DES groups (p=0.33). Thus, once again DES were considered non-inferior to BVS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Regarding other BVSs, the DESolve&#174; NX (Elixir Medical Corporation, Sunnyvale, USA) was the only BVS with late follow-up and recently published results. At 2 years, that new device showed the following rates: MACE, 7.4%; isolate cardiac death, 2.5%; AMI, 0.8%; target-lesion revascularization, 4.1%; and target-lesion failure, 7.4%. In addition, the thrombosis rate was minimal (0.8%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Tamburino et al., using a complex statistical analysis, have assessed the database of the GHOST-EU Registry (<italic>Gauging coronary Healing with biOresorbable Scaffolding plaTforms in EUrope</italic>), with 1,189 patients treated with Absorb BVS in Europe and 5,034 patients treated with everolimus-eluting metal stent (Xience) of the XIENCE V Registry in the USA. After propensity score matching, 905 pairs of patients were identified with similar characteristics. Of the total of 1,810 patients, there was no difference between the Absorb and Xience groups concerning the risk of MACE within 1 year (5.8% vs. 7.6%, respectively, p=0.12). Cardiac death was less likely to occur in the Absorb group (0.7% vs. 1.9%, p=0.03) and there was a tendency towards reduction in AMI in the Absorb group as compared to the Xience group (2.4% vs. 4.0%, p=0.07). In addition, there was no difference in target-vessel revascularization (4.6% vs. 3.5%, p=0.22) and definite or likely thrombosis (1.8% vs. 1.1%) between the Absorb and Xience groups, respectively.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> In most studies, the ST cases occurred in the immediate post-procedural period (&lt;30 days), and cases after the sixth month were rare, as observed in the cohort reported. </p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limitations</title>
        <p>This was a retrospective and observational study, having, thus, obvious limitations. The sample was small, with low clinical and anatomical complexity, following the ABSORB EXTEND study protocol. </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>In this case series, Absorb BVS implantation was associated with a low incidence of adverse events, mainly in the very long-term follow-up (&gt; 2 years). However, larger studies with a higher number of patients and more complex scenarios are necessary to confirm these preliminary observations.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was funded by Abbot Vascular.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Seguimento Muito Tardio de Pacientes ap&#243;s Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea com Suporte Vascular Bioabsorv&#237;vel Eluidor de Everolimus</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Meneguz-Moreno</surname>
            <given-names>Rafael Alexandre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; de Ribamar</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moscoso</surname>
            <given-names>Freddy Ant&#244;nio Britto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Staico</surname>
            <given-names>Rodolfo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tanajura</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Fernando Leite</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Centemero</surname>
            <given-names>Marinella Patrizia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chaves</surname>
            <given-names>Aur&#233;a Jacob</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abizaid</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea Claudia Le&#227;o de Sousa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Amanda Guerra de Moraes Rego e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abizaid</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Antonio Cunha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Rafael Alexandre Meneguz Moreno</bold>, Av. Onze de Junho, 99 Apto 113 A. CEP 04041-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>rafael.meneguz@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Meneguz-Moreno RA, Costa Junior JR, Staico R, Tanajura LFL, Centemero MP; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Meneguz-Moreno RA, Moscoso FAB; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Meneguz-Moreno RA, Costa Junior JR, Moscoso FAB, Staico R, Centemero MP, Chaves AJ, Abizaid ACLS; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Moscoso FAB; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Abizaid AAC; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Meneguz-Moreno RA, Costa Junior JR, Chaves AJ; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Staico R, Tanajura LFL, Abizaid ACLS, Rego e Sousa AGM, Abizaid AAC.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Os suportes vasculares bioabsorv&#237;veis (SVB) foram desenvolvidos com o intuito de melhorar os resultados da interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea a longo prazo, restabelecendo-se a vasomotricidade. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>Reportar o seguimento muito tardio do implante do SVB eluidor de everolimus Absorb&#174; (Abbot Vascular, Santa Clara, EUA) em nosso centro.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, em um &#250;nico centro brasileiro, que incluiu 49 pacientes submetidos ao implante do SVB Absorb&#174; entre agosto/2011 e outubro/2013. Foram analisados os desfechos de seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia na fase hospitalar e bastante tardia (&gt; 2 anos).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Todos os 49 pacientes completaram um seguimento m&#237;nimo de 2,5 anos, sendo o m&#225;ximo de 4,6 anos. A m&#233;dia de idade foi 56,8 &#177; 7,6 anos, sendo 71,4% da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada do sexo masculino e 26,5% composta por diab&#233;ticos. Considerando a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, a grande maioria (94%) tinha angina est&#225;vel ou isquemia silenciosa. Obteve-se sucesso do dispositivo em 100% dos casos e do procedimento, em 96%. A taxa de eventos cardiovasculares maiores foi de 4% aos 30 dias, de 8,2% em 1 ano, e de 12,2% em 2 anos, sem mais eventos at&#233; 4,6 anos. Houve 2 casos de trombose (1 subaguda e 1 tardia) at&#233; o &#250;ltimo seguimento.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p>Nesta an&#225;lise preliminar, o uso do SVB Absorb&#174; mostrou-se seguro e eficaz no seguimento bastante tardio. Faz-se necess&#225;rio estabelecer o perfil de efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a destes dispositivos em cen&#225;rios de maior complexidade.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Implantes Absorv&#237;veis / utiliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Everolimo</kwd>
        <kwd>Evolu&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Na era dos <italic>stents</italic> eluidores de f&#225;rmacos (<italic>stents</italic> farmacol&#243;gicos - SF), a estrat&#233;gia de interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP) melhorou os desfechos cl&#237;nicos de forma significativa, com o efeito de redu&#231;&#227;o da prolifera&#231;&#227;o neointimal excessiva por meio da adi&#231;&#227;o de agentes antiproliferativos. Entretanto, a presen&#231;a permanente de dispositivos met&#225;licos e pol&#237;meros dur&#225;veis intracoron&#225;rios pode em alguns casos retardar a cicatriza&#231;&#227;o natural dos vasos, resultando em resposta inflamat&#243;ria constante e desfechos cl&#237;nicos desfavor&#225;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Dessa forma, os suportes vasculares bioabsorv&#237;veis (SVB) surgiram como uma alternativa a essas pr&#243;teses permanentes, j&#225; que poderiam manter as propriedades mec&#226;nicas dos SF met&#225;licos nos primeiros meses, e em seguida serem reabsorvidos completamente, eliminando os poss&#237;veis efeitos adversos de sua presen&#231;a nas coron&#225;rias. </p>
        <p>Recentemente desenvolvido, o SVB Absorb&#174; (Abbot Vascular, Santa Clara, EUA) visa realizar as premissas acima, mantendo o perfil de efic&#225;cia dos SF met&#225;licos de &#250;ltima gera&#231;&#227;o. Esse dispositivo foi avaliado em humanos pela primeira vez no ensaio cl&#237;nico ABSORB (coortes A e B), com resultados promissores.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Baseado nesses resultados, o estudo multic&#234;ntrico de bra&#231;o &#250;nico ABSORB EXTEND foi iniciado e conduzido em 56 centros de diversos pa&#237;ses com o objetivo inicial de incluir em torno de 800 pacientes e de acessar a seguran&#231;a e o desempenho do SVB Absorb&#174; em uma popula&#231;&#227;o maior e mais diversificada, em compara&#231;&#227;o aos estudos iniciais, com les&#245;es mais complexas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A presente an&#225;lise reporta a experi&#234;ncia do seguimento muito tardio (&gt;2 anos) dos primeiros pacientes submetidos ao implante do Absorb&#174; em nosso pa&#237;s, como parte do registro multic&#234;ntrico ABSORB EXTEND. </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Desenho do estudo e popula&#231;&#227;o-alvo</title>
          <p>O presente estudo incluiu os pacientes tratados com o SVB Absorb entre agosto/2011 e outubro/2013, em um centro cardiol&#243;gico terci&#225;rio no Brasil, e que foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo internacional, multic&#234;ntrico e de bra&#231;o &#250;nico ABSORB EXTEND, fazendo parte dos primeiros 512 pacientes recrutados em at&#233; 56 centros na Europa, Austr&#225;lia, Nova Zel&#226;ndia, Jap&#227;o, Hong Kong, Mal&#225;sia, Singapura, Am&#233;rica Latina e Canad&#225;. </p>
          <p>&#201; interessante observar que a participa&#231;&#227;o no registro EXTEND marca o in&#237;cio da experi&#234;ncia nacional com essa nova tecnologia. Esse estudo foi custeado pela empresa Abbot Vascular, Santa Clara, EUA. O Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da nossa institui&#231;&#227;o aprovou o protocolo e todos os pacientes assinaram Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o/exclus&#227;o</title>
          <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo pacientes com idade &#8805; 18 anos, evid&#234;ncia de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica, i.e., angina est&#225;vel ou inst&#225;vel, isquemia silenciosa, prova funcional ou altera&#231;&#245;es transit&#243;rias em eletrocardiograma de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es compat&#237;veis com isquemia.</p>
          <p>Os pacientes possu&#237;am at&#233; duas les&#245;es <italic>de novo</italic> pass&#237;veis de tratamento percut&#226;neo, cada uma localizada em vasos epic&#225;rdicos nativos separados; as les&#245;es deveriam estar localizadas em um vaso coron&#225;rio nativo cujo di&#226;metro do vaso-alvo era &#8805; 2,0 mm e &#8804; 3,3 mm e cuja extens&#227;o da les&#227;o-alvo era &#8804; 28 mm, ambas avaliadas por angiografia coron&#225;ria quantitativa (ACQ) <italic>on-line</italic> ou ultrassom intracoron&#225;rio (USIC); as les&#245;es-alvo deveriam estar localizadas em uma art&#233;ria ou ramo de calibre significativo e com estenose visualmente estimada &#8805; 50% e &lt; 100%, e com um fluxo TIMI (<italic>Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction</italic>) &#8805; 1; a ICP pr&#233;via em vasos n&#227;o-alvo era permitida, caso realizada ap&#243;s um per&#237;odo &#8805; 30 dias ou se planejada para 6 meses ap&#243;s o procedimento &#237;ndice; ICP em les&#245;es no vaso-alvo eram permitidas se realizadas &gt; 6 meses previamente ou planejada para 6 meses ap&#243;s o procedimento &#237;ndice.</p>
          <p>Foram exclu&#237;dos do estudo pacientes com: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) pr&#233;vio at&#233; 3 dias antes do procedimento &#237;ndice; arritmias com instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica; fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt; 30%; insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica; les&#245;es em tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda; les&#245;es localizadas em enxertos arteriais ou venosos; re-estenose intra-<italic>stent</italic>; les&#245;es envolvendo bifurca&#231;&#227;o; oclus&#227;o total (fluxo TIMI 0) e calcifica&#231;&#227;o importante ou excessiva tortuosidade.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Dispositivo</title>
          <p>O dispositivo empregado foi o SVB Absorb: o mesmo utilizado no estudo ABSORB coorte B, j&#225; previamente descrito.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> O Absorb tem a plataforma composta por pol&#237;mero de &#225;cido poli-L-l&#225;ctico (PLLA), f&#225;rmaco antiproliferativo everolimus (<italic>Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation</italic>, Basel, Su&#237;&#231;a), e uma matriz de &#225;cido poli-D, L-l&#225;ctico (PDLLA), em uma rela&#231;&#227;o 1:1, formando uma matriz amorfa recoberta contendo 100<italic>&#181;</italic> everolimus/cm<sup>2</sup>. Ambos PLLA e PDLLA s&#227;o metabolizados e absorvidos pelo organismo. &#201; esperado que o PDLLA seja totalmente reabsorvido pelas art&#233;rias em 9 meses e o PLLA em aproximadamente 36 meses. Durante o processo de absor&#231;&#227;o, as cadeias envolvendo PLLA e PDLLA s&#227;o hidrolisadas, e o &#250;ltimo produto dessa rea&#231;&#227;o &#233; o &#225;cido l&#225;tico, biologicamente metabolizado via Ciclo de Krebs.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
					</p>
          <p>No momento da inclus&#227;o dos pacientes neste estudo, os dispositivos Absorb estavam dispon&#237;veis em apenas dois di&#226;metros (2,5 e 3,0 mm) e dois comprimentos (18 e 28 mm). </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Procedimento</title>
          <p>Todos os procedimentos foram realizados de forma eletiva, de acordo com as diretrizes atuais. As les&#245;es foram tratadas com t&#233;cnicas habituais de interven&#231;&#227;o, que inclu&#237;am pr&#233;-dilata&#231;&#227;o obrigat&#243;ria com bal&#227;o mais curto e com di&#226;metro 0,5 mm menor do que o dispositivo utilizado, e a press&#227;o de libera&#231;&#227;o do Absorb nunca deveria exceder a refer&#234;ncia nominal m&#225;xima do fabricante.</p>
          <p>A p&#243;s-dilata&#231;&#227;o foi sujeita &#224; necessidade e &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o do operador, e quando realizada, era por meio de bal&#245;es n&#227;o complacentes, dentro dos limites de expans&#227;o do SVB (bal&#245;es de p&#243;s dilata&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o deveriam exceder em 0,5 mm o di&#226;metro nominal do SVB implantado). </p>
          <p>A terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla pr&#233;-procedimento foi constitu&#237;da por uma dose de ataque de &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico de 300 mg e de clopidogrel 300 mg, pelo menos 24 horas antes do procedimento, ou 600 mg se &lt; 24 horas. Ap&#243;s a interven&#231;&#227;o, o &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico foi prescrito indefinidamente e o clopidogrel 75 mg/dia foi mantido por um m&#237;nimo de 6 meses. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Angiografia coron&#225;ria quantitativa e ultrassom intracoron&#225;rio</title>
          <p>Os limites recomendados do di&#226;metro do vaso-alvo foram estabelecidos por meio da ACQ <italic>on-line</italic> nos par&#226;metros de di&#226;metro m&#225;ximo luminal (Dmax) distal e proximal, referindo-se ao di&#226;metro luminal m&#225;ximo avaliado na por&#231;&#227;o distal e proximal do segmento-alvo a ser revestido pelo SVB ou atrav&#233;s do USIC. A sobreposi&#231;&#227;o dos SVB era permitida em les&#245;es &gt; 22 mm e &#8804; 28 mm, com um limite recomendado de 1 a 4 mm.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Seguimento</title>
          <p>O seguimento cl&#237;nico, por consulta ambulatorial ou contato telef&#244;nico, era obrigat&#243;rio aos 30 dias (&#177; 7 dias), 6 meses (&#177; 14 dias) e um, dois e tr&#234;s anos (&#177; 28 dias), seguindo o protocolo do estudo ABSORB EXTEND. A partir disso, seguiria a rotina de retorno do servi&#231;o. Nessa amostra, o seguimento m&#237;nimo foi de 2,5 anos. Todos os eventos adversos e sintomas, como angina, detalhes de ICP subsequentes, assim como uso e mudan&#231;as nas medica&#231;&#245;es, foram coletados nesse per&#237;odo. Os pacientes n&#227;o foram submetidos a nova coronariografia protocolar, sendo somente reestudados em caso de indica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, por sintomas ou evid&#234;ncia de isquemia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Desfechos do estudo</title>
          <p>Todos os desfechos foram adjudicados por um comit&#234; cl&#237;nico de eventos independente de acordo com defini&#231;&#245;es protocoladas pelas defini&#231;&#245;es do <italic>Academic Research Consortium</italic> (ARC).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
					</p>
          <p>O sucesso cl&#237;nico foi composto de sucesso do dispositivo (analisado de acordo com a les&#227;o-alvo) e sucesso do procedimento (analisado em cada paciente). Incluiu ainda trombose de <italic>stent</italic> (TS), morte de origem cardiovascular, IAM (relacionado ou n&#227;o ao vaso-alvo) e taxa de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o (revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de les&#227;o-alvo ou de vaso-alvo, ou revasculariza&#231;&#227;o total). As taxas de desfecho combinado, considerando eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores (ECAM) dirigidos por isquemia (DI) (ECAM-DI), fal&#234;ncia de vaso-alvo-DI (FVA-DI), revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de vaso-alvo DI e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de les&#227;o-alvo DI (RLA-DI), tamb&#233;m foram analisadas.</p>
          <p>O sucesso do dispositivo foi definido como libera&#231;&#227;o com sucesso do mesmo na les&#227;o-alvo e retirada com sucesso do sistema de entrega do SVB, com uma estenose residual &lt; 50% avaliada por ACQ (ou estimativa visual em caso de ACQ n&#227;o dispon&#237;vel). </p>
          <p>O sucesso do procedimento foi definido como o sucesso do dispositivo sem a ocorr&#234;ncia de ECAM-DI durante a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar com um m&#225;ximo de 7 dias ap&#243;s o procedimento. Em caso de duas les&#245;es, ambas deveriam atingir os crit&#233;rios de sucesso.</p>
          <p>Morte de origem card&#237;aca foi definida como qualquer &#243;bito relacionado a causa card&#237;aca, i.e., IAM, s&#237;ndrome de baixo d&#233;bito e arritmia fatal. &#211;bito n&#227;o testemunhado e &#243;bito de causa desconhecida foram classificados como &#243;bito de origem card&#237;aca. Isso incluiu os &#243;bitos relacionados ao procedimento.</p>
          <p>A classifica&#231;&#227;o de IAM e os crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos foram definidos de acordo com protocolo pr&#233;-estabelecido:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> IAM com onda Q caracterizou-se pelo desenvolvimento de uma nova onda Q patol&#243;gica; IAM sem onda Q foi definido como eleva&#231;&#227;o de n&#237;veis de creatinofosfoquinase (CK) &#8805; 2 vezes o limite superior da normalidade com aumento concomitante de CK-MB na aus&#234;ncia de novas ondas Q patol&#243;gicas.</p>
          <p>Os eventos de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o foram definidos como: </p>
          <p>
            <list list-type="simple">
              <list-item>
                <p>- ECAM-DI: composto de &#243;bito de origem card&#237;aca, IAM com e sem onda Q, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de les&#227;o-alvo por ICP ou cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CRM);</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>- FVA-DI: composto de &#243;bito de origem card&#237;aca, IAM com e sem onda Q, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de vaso-alvo por ICP ou CRM;</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>- RLA-DI: definido por qualquer nova ICP da les&#227;o-alvo, seja de forma percut&#226;nea ou por CRM no vaso-alvo com isquemia funcional positiva, sintomas isqu&#234;micos ou angiografia evidenciando di&#226;metro luminal de estenose &#8805; 50% por ACQ ou revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de uma les&#227;o-alvo com di&#226;metro &#8805;70% por ACQ sem sintomas isqu&#234;micos ou prova funcional.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </p>
          <p>A TS foi categorizada como aguda (&lt; 1 dia), subaguda (1-30 dias) e tardia (&gt; 30 dias e &lt; 1 ano) e muito tardia (&gt;1 ano) e foi definida de acordo com as diretrizes ARC:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> definitiva (s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda e confirma&#231;&#227;o patol&#243;gica ou angiogr&#225;fica de trombose do SVB) ou prov&#225;vel (morte sem causa definida &#8804; 30 dias ou IAM relacionado ao vaso-alvo sem confirma&#231;&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal foram descritas como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram descritas como n&#250;meros absolutos e percentuais. Para a tabula&#231;&#227;o dos dados, foi utilizado o programa SPSS <italic>(Statistical Package for the Social Science</italic>, Chicago, EUA<italic>)</italic> vers&#227;o 19.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>O presente estudo representa a an&#225;lise dos 49 pacientes (53 les&#245;es/57 SVB) inclu&#237;dos no estudo ABSORB EXTEND e submetidos a ICP com o SVB Absorb em um centro cardiol&#243;gico terci&#225;rio do Brasil. O seguimento cl&#237;nico de 1 ano foi obtido em 100% dos casos e de 2 anos, em 97,9% dos pacientes. A m&#233;dia do seguimento foi de 3,59 &#177; 0,72 anos (2,5-4,6 anos).</p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref> demonstra as caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada. A m&#233;dia de idade foi de 56,8 &#177; 7,6 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (71,4%), e mais de um quarto da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada (26,5%) era composta por diab&#233;ticos. Al&#233;m disso, apenas 6,1% dos pacientes tinham mais de uma les&#227;o-alvo e 6,1% dos pacientes tiveram como cl&#237;nica de apresenta&#231;&#227;o o quadro de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda, sendo que, na maior parte dos casos, a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica era de angina est&#225;vel (55,1%) ou isquemia silenciosa (38,8%). N&#227;o houve casos de IAM com supra desnivelamento do segmento ST ou IAM recente.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="50%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">SVB ABSORB&#174; (n = 49)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade (anos), m&#233;dia</td>
                <td align="center">56,8 &#177; 7,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo masculino, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">35 (71,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (26,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes mellitus insulino-dependente, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (10,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o arterial, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">39 (79,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dislipidemia, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">38 (77,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tabagismo, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (6,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Insufici&#234;ncia renal (ClCr &lt; 60 mL.min), n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (8,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (61,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ICP pr&#233;via, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (6,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">RMC pr&#233;via, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (4,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Angina est&#225;vel</td>
                <td align="center">27 (55,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SCASSST</td>
                <td align="center">3 (6,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Isquemia silenciosa</td>
                <td align="center">19 (38,8)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN03">
              <p>ClCr: clearance de creatinina; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; ICP: interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea; RMC: revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica cir&#250;rgica; SCASST: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref> ilustra as caracter&#237;sticas angiogr&#225;ficas das les&#245;es tratadas e do procedimento. A maioria das les&#245;es tratadas era na art&#233;ria descendente anterior (46,9%), seguido da coron&#225;ria direita (32,6%) e da circunflexa (26,5%). O grau m&#233;dio de estenose foi de 76,0 &#177; 8,5%. As les&#245;es, acessadas pelo ACQ <italic>on-line</italic> ou USIC, tinham uma m&#233;dia de di&#226;metro de 2,92 &#177; 0,28 mm (varia&#231;&#227;o de 2,2-3,5 mm) e uma m&#233;dia de extens&#227;o de 15,98 &#177; 5,55 mm (varia&#231;&#227;o de 7-28 mm).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas angiogr&#225;ficas e do procedimento</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>SVB ABSORB&#174; (n = 49)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Vaso-Alvo, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Descendente anterior</td>
                <td align="center">23 (46,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Coron&#225;ria direita </td>
                <td align="center">16 (32,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Circunflexa </td>
                <td align="center">13 (26,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Multiarteriais</td>
                <td align="center">6 (12,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Di&#226;metro da les&#227;o, mm</td>
                <td align="center">2,92 &#177; 0,28</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Comprimento da les&#227;o, mm</td>
                <td align="center">15,98 &#177; 5,55</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Grau de estenose m&#233;dio, (%)</td>
                <td align="center">76,0 &#177; 8,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>N&#250;mero de les&#245;es-alvo, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Uma</td>
                <td align="center">39 (93,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Duas</td>
                <td align="center">3 (6,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pr&#233;-dilata&#231;&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">49 (100)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">P&#243;s-dilata&#231;&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">46 (93,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sucesso angiogr&#225;fico, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">49 (100)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sucesso do dispositivo, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">49 (100)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sucesso do procedimento, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">47 (95,9)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>O sucesso do dispositivo foi de 100% e o sucesso do procedimento foi de 96% (47/49) dentre os 49 pacientes submetidos a ICP com o Absorb. Dois pacientes (4%) apresentaram IAM periprocedimento no per&#237;odo intra-hospitalar.</p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref> apresenta os dados de desfechos cl&#237;nicos em 30 dias, 1 ano e o seguimento muito tardio dos pacientes. Aos 30 dias, a taxa de ECAM foi de 4% devido &#224; taxa de IAM periprocedimento. A taxa de mortalidade de origem card&#237;aca, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de vaso-alvo e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de vaso-n&#227;o-alvo foi de 0%.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Desfechos cl&#237;nicos em seguimento precoce, a m&#233;dio prazo e muito tardio</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="35%"/>
              <col width="13%"/>
              <col width="13%"/>
              <col width="13%"/>
              <col width="13%"/>
              <col width="13%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>30 dias</bold>
                  <break/>
                  <bold>n = 49</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>12 meses</bold>
                  <break/>
                  <bold>n = 49</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>24 meses</bold>
                  <break/>
                  <bold>n = 48</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>36 meses</bold>
                  <break/>
                  <bold>n = 30</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>48 meses</bold>
                  <break/>
                  <bold>n = 16</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ECAM, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (4)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (8,2)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (12,2)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (12,2)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (12,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Mortalidade global, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Morte card&#237;aca, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>IAM, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM Q</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM n&#227;o-Q</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM periprocedimento, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (4)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de vaso-alvo-DI, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de les&#227;o-alvo-DI, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">RM n&#227;o relacionada a vaso- ou les&#227;o-alvo-DI, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (4)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Trombose do dispositivo, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Aguda</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Subaguda</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tardia</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Muito tardia</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">AVC, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN04">
              <p>ECAM: eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; RM: revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Em 1 ano, a taxa de ECAM foi de 8,2% devido a um &#243;bito de origem card&#237;aca e &#224; necessidade de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de vaso-alvo por ICP em um paciente (mas n&#227;o da les&#227;o-alvo), e a taxa de IAM global foi mantida em 0%. Aos 2 anos, a taxa de ECAM foi de 12,2% devido a um evento de IAM n&#227;o-Q relacionado ao vaso-alvo e um evento de re-estenose intra-<italic>stent</italic> com necessidade de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de les&#227;o-alvo. Dos 2 anos at&#233; o presente momento, n&#227;o houve mais nenhum evento de origem cardiovascular ou cerebrovascular, e a taxa de ECAM acumulada manteve-se em 12,2% entre os pacientes com seguimento at&#233; quase 5 anos.</p>
        <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o a trombose do dispositivo, com base nos crit&#233;rios ARC, houve apenas 1 caso de trombose subaguda definitiva 13 dias ap&#243;s o implante, tendo o paciente sido submetido a procedimento cir&#250;rgico vascular de urg&#234;ncia, reestudo angiogr&#225;fico e tentativa de recanaliza&#231;&#227;o sem sucesso, e 1 caso de trombose tardia prov&#225;vel 34 dias ap&#243;s ICP (epis&#243;dio de morte s&#250;bita). A partir de 1 ano, n&#227;o houve nenhum caso adicional de trombose. </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Nesta experi&#234;ncia inicial, de centro &#250;nico, o SVB Absorb apresentou bom desempenho no longo prazo, com uma taxa muito baixa de fal&#234;ncia de vaso-alvo.</p>
        <p>Nos &#250;ltimos 3 anos, mais de 60.000 pacientes foram tratados em todo o mundo com o Absorb, apesar da aus&#234;ncia de um estudo randomizado robusto comparando-o com os contempor&#226;neos <italic>stents</italic> farmacol&#243;gicos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o do SVB Absorb iniciou-se com os estudos coortes A e B do ensaio cl&#237;nico ABSORB.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Ap&#243;s mudan&#231;as no desenho e estrutura do dispositivo, a vers&#227;o atual dos dispositivos come&#231;ou a ser utilizada na coorte B, que envolveu 101 pacientes e apresentou uma perda luminal tardia em 1 ano de 0,27 mm, e o seguimento de 2 anos evidenciou uma taxa de ECAM de 6,8% e nenhum evento de trombose do dispositivo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Aos 5 anos, as estruturas do Absorb n&#227;o eram mais discern&#237;veis &#224; tomografia &#243;ptica ou ao USIC e a taxa de ECAM foi de 11%, sem evid&#234;ncias de trombose.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise inicial dos primeiros 512 pacientes recrutados no registro do estudo ABSORB EXTEND, em um seguimento de 1 ano, confirma a efic&#225;cia do SVB Absorb com uma ocorr&#234;ncia muito baixa de ECAM-DI (4,8%), FVA-DI (4,4%) e trombose do dispositivo (0,8%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Aos 3 anos, com um total de 250 pacientes, houve uma taxa de 9,3% de ECAM, 10,1% de FVA-DI e 1,2% de trombose.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Em nosso estudo, a taxa de ECAM foi equivalente em um seguimento muito tardio, com aus&#234;ncia de eventos a partir dos 2 anos, o que corrobora a teoria de que o principal benef&#237;cio dos SVB se d&#225; a longo prazo, tanto na baixa taxa de eventos quanto na possibilidade de nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o e avalia&#231;&#227;o do SVB por m&#233;todos de imagem n&#227;o invasivos.</p>
        <p>No contexto de compara&#231;&#227;o de resultados com <italic>stents</italic> farmacol&#243;gicos met&#225;licos, ainda n&#227;o h&#225; estudos com resultados publicados de seguimento a longo prazo. Em uma recente meta-an&#225;lise englobando os &#250;ltimos 4 estudos randomizados comparando o SVB Absorb com o <italic>stent</italic> met&#225;lico farmacol&#243;gico eluidor de everolimus Xience&#174; (Abbot Vascular, Santa Clara, EUA), o ABSORB II,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> ABSORB III,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> ABSORB Jap&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> e ABSORB China,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> as taxas relativas de desfechos combinados ao final de 1 ano n&#227;o diferiram entre os grupos Absorb e Xience (11,9% vs. 10,6%, respectivamente, p=0,38). IAM do vaso-alvo foi significativamente maior no grupo Absorb em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo Xience (5,1% vs. 3,3%, respectivamente, p=0,04), em parte devido a IAM periprocedimento e em parte devido a TS (definitiva ou prov&#225;vel) maior com Absorb (1,3% vs. 0,6%, respectivamente, p=0,08). Os resultados foram similares ap&#243;s an&#225;lise multivariada ajustada para caracter&#237;sticas basais e foram consistentes mesmo na an&#225;lise da maioria dos subgrupos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O estudo EVERBIO-II (<italic>Comparison of Everolimus- and Biolimus-Eluting Stents With Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Stents II</italic>) foi um estudo de um &#250;nico centro, envolvendo 240 pacientes randomizados numa propor&#231;&#227;o 1:1:1 para SF eluidor de everolimus, SF eluidor de biolimus ou SVB (Absorb). Em um seguimento de 2 anos, a taxa de ECAM relacionado ao dispositivo foi de 13% no grupo SF (everolimus e biolimus) vs. 21% no grupo Absorb (p=0,12), e a taxa de ECAM relacionada foi de 32% vs. 35%, respectivamente (p=0,67), com apenas 1 evento de TS no grupo Absorb e nenhum no grupo dos SF (p=0,33). Dessa forma, os SF mais uma vez foram considerados n&#227;o inferiores ao SVB.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o a outros SVB, o &#250;nico com seguimento tardio &#233; o DESolve&#174; NX (Elixir Medical Corporation, Sunnyvale, EUA), com resultados publicados recentemente. Ao final de 2 anos, a taxa de ECAM desse novo dispositivo foi de 7,4%, sendo a taxa de &#243;bito de origem card&#237;aca isolado 2,5% e a de IAM 0,8%, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de les&#227;o-alvo 4,1% e falha de les&#227;o-alvo de 7,4%. Al&#233;m disso, a taxa de trombose foi m&#237;nima (0,8%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Tamburino et al., atrav&#233;s de uma an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica complexa, avaliaram o banco de dados do registro GHOST-EU (<italic>Gauging coronary Healing with biOresorbable Scaffolding plaTforms in EUrope</italic>), constando 1.189 pacientes tratados no mundo real com o SVB Absorb na Europa e 5.034 pacientes tratados com o <italic>stent</italic> met&#225;lico farmacol&#243;gico eluidor de everolimus Xience, provindo do registro XIENCE V dos EUA. Ap&#243;s an&#225;lise do escore de propens&#227;o, foram identificados 905 pares de pacientes com caracter&#237;sticas semelhantes. No total de 1.810 pacientes, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a entre os grupos Absorb e Xience em rela&#231;&#227;o ao risco de ECAM em 1 ano (5,8% vs. 7,6%, respectivamente, p=0,12). Morte de origem card&#237;aca foi menos prov&#225;vel de ocorrer no grupo Absorb (0,7% vs. 1,9%, p=0,03) e houve uma tend&#234;ncia de redu&#231;&#227;o de IAM no grupo Absorb em rela&#231;&#227;o ao grupo Xience (2,4% vs. 4,0%, p=0,07). Ademais, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as na revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de vaso-alvo (4,6% vs. 3,5%, p=0,22) e trombose definitiva ou prov&#225;vel (1,8% vs. 1,1%) entre os grupos Absorb e Xience, respectivamente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> Na maioria dos estudos, os casos de TS ocorreram no per&#237;odo mais imediato ap&#243;s procedimento (&lt;30 dias), sendo raros os casos ap&#243;s o sexto m&#234;s, como observado na coorte relatada. </p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
          <p>Este foi um estudo retrospectivo e observacional, tendo, portanto, limita&#231;&#245;es &#243;bvias. A amostra de pacientes &#233; pequena, e de baixa complexidade cl&#237;nica e anat&#244;mica, seguindo o protocolo do estudo ABSORB EXTEND. </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>Nesta casu&#237;stica, o implante do SVB Absorb&#174; associou-se a uma baixa incid&#234;ncia de eventos adversos, sobretudo no mais longo prazo (&gt;2 anos). Entretanto, estudos com um maior n&#250;mero de pacientes e em cen&#225;rios mais complexos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para confirmar essas observa&#231;&#245;es preliminares.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pela Abbot Vascular.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
