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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.5" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">nYs3PbRQdPtbSqY4HRSgvPF</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2017000100053</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160196</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
          <subj-group>
            <subject>Systemic Arterial Hypertension</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Multiprofessional Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Very Elderly Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Luciana Muniz Sanches Siqueira Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Thiago Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pimenta</surname>
            <given-names>Camila Dutra</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo C&#233;sar Brand&#227;o Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Federal University of Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Arterial Hypertension League</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Arterial Hypertension League of the Federal University of Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Thiago Veiga Jardim</bold>, Rua B20 Qd 13b Lt 7. Postal Code 74885-614, Jardins Paris, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil. E-mail: <email>thiagoveiga@cardiol.br</email>, <email>thiagoloirin@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of the data, Statistical analysis, Obtaining financing, Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Jardim LMSSV, Jardim TSV, Souza WKSB, Pimenta CD, Sousa ALL, Jardim PCBV.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>108</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>53</fpage>
      <lpage>59</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>As the world population ages, patients older than 80 years, known as very elderly, are more frequently found. There are no studies in this age group aimed at analyzing the multidisciplinary intervention in the treatment of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and some comorbidities.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To assess the effect of a multidisciplinary approach in very elderly hypertensives cared for at a specialized service.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Longitudinal retrospective cohort study in a multidisciplinary service specialized in the SAH treatment in the Brazilian West-Central region. Patients aged 80 years and older by June 2015 were included. Data from the first (V1) and last visit (Vf) were assessed. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure (BP), renal function, pharmacological treatment, lifestyle, comorbidities and cardiovascular events were studied, comparing data from V1 and Vf. Controlled BP was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) lower than 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) lower than 90 mm Hg. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSSR software, version 21.0. Values of p&lt;0,05 were considered significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>Data of 71 patients were assessed with a mean follow-up time of 15,22 years. Their mean age at V1 was 69.2 years, and, at Vf, 84.53 years, and 26.8% of them were males. There was a significant reduction in mean SBP (157.3 x 142.1 mm Hg; p&lt;0.001) and DBP (95.1 x 77.8 mm Hg; p&lt;0.001), with an increase in BP control rates from V1 to Vf (36.6 x 83.1%; p&lt;0.001). The number of antihypertensive drugs used increased (1.49 x 2.85; p&lt;0.001), with an increase in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (22.5 x 46.5%; p=0.004), angiotensin II receptor blockers (4.2 x 35.2%; p&lt;0.001) and calcium-channel blockers (18.3 x 67.6%; p&lt;0.001). There was a reduction in total cholesterol (217.9 x 191 mg/dL; p&lt;0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (139.6 x 119.0 mg/dL; p&lt;0.001), but worsening of the glomerular filtration rate (62.5 x 45.4 mL/min; p&lt;0.001).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>The multidisciplinary intervention in very elderly hypertensives increased BP control rate, with optimization of the pharmacological treatment.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Aged, 80 and over</kwd>
        <kwd>Patient Care. Team</kwd>
        <kwd>Aging</kwd>
        <kwd>Cohort Studies</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>From the chronological viewpoint, elderly are defined as individuals aged 65 years and older living in developed countries, or aged 60 years and older living in developing countries.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> In that age group, those who have reached the eighth decade are called 'oldest old' or 'very elderly'.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Aging, regardless of ethnical, social and cultural factors inherent in each population, is associated with a higher probability of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) secondary to morphophysiological and functional changes, as well as to lifestyle.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is the most common NCD among the elderly.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Its prevalence increases progressively as age advances, SAH being considered the major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the geriatric population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> There is a direct and linear relationship of blood pressure (BP) and age, the prevalence of SAH being higher than 60% in those older than 65 years.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Because SAH is a multifactorial clinical syndrome, a multiprofessional team to support hypertensives is desirable whenever possible.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> That team should comprise all professionals who manage hypertensives,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> an initiative recommended in national and international guidelines.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>To our knowledge, there is no study in very elderly hypertensives confirming the benefit of the multiprofessional management.</p>
      <p>This study was aimed at assessing the result of the multiprofessional treatment of very elderly hypertensive patients undergoing regular follow-up in a reference service for the multidisciplinary treatment of SAH.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>This study was assessed and approved by the Ethics Committee in Human and Animal Medical Research of the institution (protocol 700.942 of 06/26/2014).</p>
      <p>This study assessed retrospectively data of very elderly patients undergoing regular follow-up in a multiprofessional service of reference for the treatment of SAH in the Brazilian West-Central region.</p>
      <p>The service has been existing for more than 20 years, dedicated to the multiprofessional care of hypertensive patients, teaching and research. Its professional team consists of physicians (cardiologists, endocrinologists and nephrologists), nurses, nutritionists, physical therapists, physical education teachers, psychologists and musical therapists. Patients are followed up at maximum 3-month intervals between the appointments, regardless of the health specialty responsible for the appointment. In addition, educational and health promotion activities are routinely performed.</p>
      <p>The medical team assesses symptoms, lifestyle habits and medications used, performs complete physical examination, interprets the complementary tests and establishes the management, which includes: prescription of drugs and nonpharmacological measures; request of complementary tests; and scheduling of return appointments, with definition of the time interval and designation of the assisting professional. In addition, if clinical decompensation is identified in the medical consultation, the patient is referred to emergency care or hospitalization.</p>
      <p>The nurse team assesses symptoms, vital signs, lifestyle habits and medications used, in addition to instructing about treatment adherence in both pharmacological and nonpharmacological aspects. They define the interval of the nurse return appointment and refer patients for medical consultation, when necessary or when the time since the last medical consultation is longer than 6 months.</p>
      <p>The group of nutritionists emphasizes nonpharmacological aspects of care, specifically the diet. They collect dietary data and assess anthropometric data and vital signs. The management is aimed at dietary guidance with emphasis on salt restriction and prescription of special diets, when necessary.</p>
      <p>The other health specialties of the service do not conduct formal appointments, but rather a series of educational interventions to promote health with the hypertensive patients. The physical therapists and physical education teachers conduct periodical meetings previously scheduled or meet with patients at the waiting room to emphasize the importance of regular physical activity practice and preventive measures of injuries and falls. In addition, they promote assisted group physical activity for patients. Similarly, the psychology and musical therapy teams act mainly in the waiting room, providing instructions and interventions aimed at stress reduction and waiting time improvement.</p>
      <p>Since the beginning of the multidisciplinary service more than 20 years ago, consultations have been registered in a standardized form, whose completion by all health professionals is mandatory, ensuring data reliability and reproducibility throughout the follow-up years.</p>
      <p>This study included patients aged 80 years and older by June 2015, with at least three consultations attended in the service and reported in the medical record. We collected data of the first consultation, with the patient already diagnosed with SAH and on conventional treatment (nonmultiprofessional) at another health service. Those data were compared with the data of the last consultation at our service reported in the medical record after the institution of multiprofessional treatment, regardless of the time elapsed between both.</p>
      <p>The treatment goals established for the very elderly followed the recommendations of the national guidelines at the time, which establish the management adopted at our service since the beginning of its activities. That management abides by the updates and changes of those guidelines.</p>
      <p>Controlled BP was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) &lt; 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) &lt; 90 mmHg, in accordance with the recommendations of national guidelines.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The following data were collected from the medical records:</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Anthropometric data:</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Consisted in weight, height and calculation of body mass index (BMI) with the Quetelet formula (BMI = weight in kg/height<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> in meter).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Blood pressure:</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>The measures were taken with a mercury-column manometer after 5 minutes of rest, twice, at a 2-minute interval, on the upper limb, with the individual sitting with the arm supported. The mean of the last two measures was considered for data analysis.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Laboratory data:</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Renal function with creatinine measure;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Creatinine clearance calculated with the MDRD formula;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
						</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Fasting glycemia and lipid panel: collected after a 12-hour fasting, and observing the recommendation of no alcoholic beverage consumption in the preceding 48 hours. The enzymatic colorimetric method was used to determine total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), serum triglycerides (TG) and glycemia. The LDL-cholesterol (LDL) level was estimated with the Friedewald formula:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> LDL = TC - (HDL + TG/5).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Medications being used:</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Anti-hypertensive drugs: analyzing the number and classes of drugs;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Other drugs: statins and acetylsalicylic acid.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Lifestyle:</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Smoking: smoker or nonsmoker;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Alcoholism: alcoholic beverage consumption or not;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Sedentary lifestyle:</p>
            <p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>- sedentary - no leisure physical activity</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>- non-sedentary - any type of leisure physical activity.</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Associated comorbidities:</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Cardiovascular events:</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) - AMI reported in the medical record and confirmed by hospital discharge summary and/or altered levels of tissue necrosis markers;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Stroke - reported in the medical record and confirmed by hospital discharge summary and/or imaging exam suggestive of cerebrovascular event;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Need for surgical myocardial revascularization or angioplasty - reported in the medical record and confirmed by hospital discharge summary, surgeon's report and/or angioplasty report.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </p>
      <sec>
        <title>Data bank and statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Data were stored in a data bank structured in Excel (Microsoft) and analyzed comparatively. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software (<italic>Statistical Package of Social Science</italic>, version 21.0, Chicago, IL, USA). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check if the continuous variables had a normal distribution. Paired Student <italic>t</italic> test was used to compare the numerical variables, expressed as mean and standard deviation. Qualitative variables were compared using McNemar test. The significance level adopted was p&lt;0.05.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>This study assessed 71 very elderly patients on regular follow-up at our service. The mean follow-up time was 15.22 years (ranging from 3 months to 23.5 years), 85.9% of the patients were followed up for more than 5 years, and only two patients for less than 1 year.</p>
      <p>Male patients accounted for 26.8% of the sample. The patients' mean age at the first visit was 69.2 years (range, 57 to 91 years), and, at the final visit, 84.53 years (range, 80 to 94 years).</p>
      <p>The BP control rate, which was initially 36.6% (n=26) with conventional treatment, passed to 83.1% (n=59) (p&lt;0.001).</p>
      <p>Mean BP levels decreased significantly during follow-up, with an increment in the number of anti-hypertensive drugs used and optimization of the drug classes prescribed. That optimization was characterized by an increased use of the first-line drug classes [angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and calcium-channel blockers (CCB)] (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tables 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Mean levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean number of anti-hypertensive drugs in the initial visit (V1) and final visit (Vf). Goi&#226;nia - GO</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">V1 (n=71)</th>
              <th align="center">Vf (n=71)</th>
              <th align="center">p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">SBP (mm Hg)</td>
              <td align="center">157.3 &#177; 21.5</td>
              <td align="center">142.1 &#177; 20.9</td>
              <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">DBP (mm Hg)</td>
              <td align="center">95.1 &#177; 13.9</td>
              <td align="center">77.8 &#177; 10.8</td>
              <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Number of drugs</td>
              <td align="center">1.49 &#177; 0.9</td>
              <td align="center">2.85 &#177; 1.2</td>
              <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>Student t test of related samples; significant: p&lt;0.05; values expressed as means &#177; standard deviations.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Distribution of the classes of anti-hypertensive drugs in the initial visit (V1) and final visit (Vf). Goi&#226;nia &#8211; GO</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">V1</th>
              <th align="center">Vf</th>
              <th align="center">p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diuretic</td>
              <td align="center">53.5% (38)</td>
              <td align="center">60.6% (43)</td>
              <td align="center">0.511</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ACEI</td>
              <td align="center">22.5% (16)</td>
              <td align="center">46.5% (33)</td>
              <td align="center">0.004</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ARB</td>
              <td align="center">4.2% (3)</td>
              <td align="center">35.2% (25)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">CCB</td>
              <td align="center">18.3% (13)</td>
              <td align="center">67.6% (48)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">BB</td>
              <td align="center">16.9% (12)</td>
              <td align="center">16.9% (12)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Spironolactone</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">5.63% (4)</td>
              <td align="center">0.125</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Others</td>
              <td align="center">29.6% (21)</td>
              <td align="center">16.9% (12)</td>
              <td align="center">0.078</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>McNemar test; significant: p&lt;0.05; values expressed as percentage and absolute numbers; ACEI: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium-channel blocker; BB: beta-blocker.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Analyzing the pharmacological treatment and comparing the initial and final prescriptions, a significant increase in the use of both statins (1.4% x 52.1%; p&lt;0.001) and acetylsalicylic acid (11.3% x 39.4%; p&lt;0.001) was found.</p>
      <p>Analysis of laboratory variables evidenced an improvement in TC and LDL, after the institution of multiprofessional treatment, but worsening of the glomerular filtration rate during follow-up (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Mean levels of laboratory variables in the initial visit (V1) and final visit (Vf). Goi&#226;nia &#8211; GO</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">V1</th>
              <th align="center">Vf</th>
              <th align="center">p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">TC (mg/dL)</td>
              <td align="center">217.9 &#177; 40.5</td>
              <td align="center">191 &#177; 37.3</td>
              <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">HDL (mg/dL)</td>
              <td align="center">47.7 &#177; 9.8</td>
              <td align="center">47.3 &#177; 11.5</td>
              <td align="center">0.772</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LDL (mg/dL)</td>
              <td align="center">139.6 &#177; 30.9</td>
              <td align="center">119.0 &#177; 33.2</td>
              <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Triglycerides (mg/dL)</td>
              <td align="center">135.04 &#177; 66.85</td>
              <td align="center">122.48 &#177; 50.7</td>
              <td align="center">0.101</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Glycemia (mg/dL)</td>
              <td align="center">102.5 &#177; 46.9</td>
              <td align="center">103.82 &#177; 29.7</td>
              <td align="center">0.819</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">GFR (mL/min)</td>
              <td align="center">62.5 &#177; 25.7</td>
              <td align="center">45.4 &#177; 15.2</td>
              <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <p>Student t test of related samples; significant: p&lt;0.05; values expressed as means &#177; standard deviations; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: HDL-cholesterol; LDL: LDL-cholesterol; GFR: glomerular filtration rate.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Regarding lifestyle habits, no change was observed in the prevalence of smoking (5.6% x 1.4%; p=0.250) and of sedentary lifestyle (14.1% x 8.5%; p=0.388), but a significant reduction in the prevalence of alcoholism was observed with multiprofessional treatment (11.3% x 1.4%; p=0.039).</p>
      <p>The patients' BMI decreased during follow-up, from 27.01 kg/m<sup>2</sup> to 25.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (p=0.001).</p>
      <p>Regarding the comorbidities studied, the number of diabetic patients increased (8.5% x 28.2%; p&lt;0.001), as increased the number of dyslipidemic patients (66.2% x 74.6%; p=0.345), but with no statistical significance for dyslipidemia. Only two cardiovascular events occurred in the population studied during follow-up.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>Several national and international studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> have shown the superiority of BP control with the multiprofessional treatment as compared to the conventional treatment. That evidence, however, is not available for very elderly hypertensives. This study showed a significant increase in the BP control rate, with 83.1% of the very elderly hypertensives on multiprofessional treatment showing BP control by the end of follow-up. That exceeds the BP control rates in very elderly hypertensives reported in different clinical contexts. In that age group, North American epidemiological data have shown BP control rates of 30.4%, between 1988 and 1994, and of 53.1%, between 2005 and 2010.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The multiprofessional treatment of very elderly hypertensives reduced SBP levels by 15 mm Hg and DBP levels by 17 mm Hg. That more marked reduction in DBP as compared to SBP has been shown in other studies with the very elderly.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Similarly, the increase in the number of anti-hypertensive drugs used during follow-up in this study has also been reported in other follow-up analyses of elderly hypertensives.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
			</p>
      <p>One marked feature of the pharmacological treatment observed in this study regards the therapeutic regimen optimization adopted during follow-up, characterized by the increased use of first-line drugs, such as ACEIs, ARBs and CCBs. This suggests the good quality of care provided, with alignment of the pharmacological treatment with the recommendations of current guidelines.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Another relevant aspect of the pharmacological treatment was the increasing use of statins and acetylsalicylic acid to our patients during follow-up. This indicates the excellence of the treatment conducted by the multidisciplinary team, abiding by guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Regarding the laboratory findings, there was a significant reduction in TC and LDL levels, despite the population's aging. This can be explained by the increase in the use of statins. However, despite the significant BP reduction, the glomerular filtration rate worsened during the 15-year follow-up. This can also be explained by the population's aging, because renal function loss is known to be progressive from the age of 40 years onward.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The lifestyle change of the very elderly patients studied was small. This is expected for an octogenarian population, because age is one of the greatest limiting factors of lifestyle changes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> Nevertheless, there was a significant reduction in alcoholism in the group assessed.</p>
      <p>Regarding nutrition, aging is associated with a decline in undernutrition and an expressive increase in obesity prevalence.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> Obesity is not simply weight increase, but excessive body fat. Aging is associated with increased fatty mass and changes in its distribution pattern, with a 20% to 30% increase in total body fat (2% to 5%/decade, after the age of 40 years).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> The BMI reduction observed in our sample has been reported in follow-up studies of elderly patients;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> however, taking only BMI into consideration is a superficial way to assess the nutritional status of the elderly.</p>
      <p>Of the comorbidities considered in this study, a significant increase in new cases of diabetes was demonstrated and reproduces the findings of long-term follow-up studies of hypertensive patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> This is in accordance with the degenerative character of diabetes, widely demonstrated in observational studies, even in non-elderly.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
			</p>
      <p>It is worth noting the reduced number of events in the group studied, which should be further investigated. Even the patients being very elderly and the follow-up time prolonged, only two cardiovascular events occurred. This might indicate that the multiprofessional treatment is capable of reducing cardiovascular outcomes in the very elderly.</p>
      <p>One limitation of this study is its retrospective character. However, the fact that data collection was performed in a structured service since its conception for the generation of scientific knowledge reduces that limitation. The structure of the medical records is objective, and the completion of its mandatory fields is exhaustively trained. This ensures the ability of generating reliable data, although not prospectively.</p>
      <p>In addition, the follow-up time was not homogeneous in this sample. Therefore, a minimum number of three consultations in our service was an inclusion criterion, ensuring not only the patient's minimum commitment to the service, but care provision by at least two professionals of different health areas within those three consultations. In addition, a more careful analysis of that follow-up time shows that most patients (85.9%) underwent the multiprofessional management for at least 5 years.</p>
      <p>Another limitation was the lack of a control group. There was no comparison with a similar group, because all our patients undergo the same multidisciplinary treatment. This study compared the initial visit at the multidisciplinary service, when the patients were not on a multidisciplinary anti-hypertensive treatment, with the final visit, when they were already on the multiprofessional treatment. The use of a control group would be ideal for this study; however, the way we compared indirectly two treatment patterns in a little studied group of difficult follow-up should be highlighted. This study generates hypotheses, because the multiprofessional management of very elderly hypertensives has not yet been assessed with any methodology. In addition, the extremely positive results found will encourage further studies on that type of treatment, as well as its more comprehensive use.</p>
      <p>The perspectives of investigating multiprofessional interventions in very elderly hypertensives are innumerous and extremely promising. Our data suggest that, similarly to other subgroups of hypertensive patients, the very elderly do benefit from a strategy of multifaceted treatment, which provides a more comprehensive and effective therapy.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>The multiprofessional intervention in very elderly hypertensives reduced BP and increased its control rate, with optimization of the pharmacological treatment instituted.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was partially funded by Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de Goi&#225;s.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Luciana Muniz Sanches Siqueira Veiga Jardim, from Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo C&#233;sar Brand&#227;o Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Thiago Veiga Jardim</bold>, Rua B20 Qd 13b Lt 7. CEP 74885-614, Jardins Paris, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil. E-mail: <email>thiagoveiga@cardiol.br</email>, <email>thiagoloirin@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica, Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Jardim LMSSV, Jardim TSV, Souza WKSB, Pimenta CD, Sousa ALL, Jardim PCBV.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Indiv&#237;duos com mais de 80 anos, denominados muito idosos, s&#227;o encontrados com uma frequ&#234;ncia crescente com o envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o mundial. N&#227;o h&#225; estudos com essa popula&#231;&#227;o avaliando a interven&#231;&#227;o multidisciplinar no tratamento da hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS) e algumas comorbidades associadas.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Avaliar o efeito do tratamento multiprofissional em hipertensos muito idosos acompanhados em servi&#231;o especializado.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo de coorte longitudinal retrospectivo em servi&#231;o multidisciplinar para o tratamento de HAS do centro-oeste brasileiro. Inclu&#237;dos pacientes com 80 anos ou mais em junho de 2015. Coletados dados da primeira (V1) e &#250;ltima consulta (Vf). Avaliadas vari&#225;veis antropom&#233;tricas, press&#227;o arterial (PA), fun&#231;&#227;o renal, medicamentos em uso, h&#225;bitos de vida, comorbidades e eventos cardiovasculares, comparando V1 com Vf. Foram considerados controlados os valores de PA inferiores a 140 mmHg para press&#227;o sist&#243;lica e inferiores a 90 mmHg para a press&#227;o diast&#243;lica. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica realizada com software SPSSR vers&#227;o 21.0. Considerados significativos valores de p&lt;0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Analisados 71 pacientes, com tempo m&#233;dio de seguimento de 15,22 anos, 26,8% sexo masculino e idade m&#233;dia em V1 de 69,2 anos e, em Vf, de 84,53 anos. Houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa nos valores m&#233;dios de PA sist&#243;lica (157,3 x 142,1 mmHg; p&lt;0,001) e diast&#243;lica (95,1 x 77,8 mmHg; p&lt;0,001), com aumento nas taxas de controle da PA entre V1 e Vf (36,6 x 83,1%; p&lt;0,001). O n&#250;mero de drogas anti-hipertensivas se elevou (1,49 x 2,85; p&lt;0,001), com incremento no uso de inibidores de ECA (22,5 x 46,5%; p=0,004), bloqueadores do receptor de angiotensina (4,2 x 35,2%; p&lt;0,001) e bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio (18,3 x 67,6%; p&lt;0,001). Houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o nos valores de colesterol total (217,9 x 191 mg/dl; p&lt;0,001) e LDL colesterol (139,6 x 119,0 mg/dl; p&lt;0,001) e piora da taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular (62,5 x 45,4 ml/min; p&lt;0,001).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>A interven&#231;&#227;o multiprofissional em pacientes hipertensos muito idosos reduziu os valores de PA e aumentou a taxa de controle da mesma, com uma otimiza&#231;&#227;o do tratamento medicamentoso.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Idoso de 80 anos ou mais</kwd>
        <kwd>Equipe de Assist&#234;ncia ao Paciente</kwd>
        <kwd>Envelhecimento</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudos de Coortes</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Ao analisarmos do ponto de vista cronol&#243;gico, s&#227;o considerados idosos indiv&#237;duos com 65 anos ou mais de idade vivendo em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos, ou com 60 anos ou mais em pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Dentro desse grupo et&#225;rio, s&#227;o chamados oldest old, very elderly ou "muito idosos" aqueles que j&#225; alcan&#231;aram a oitava d&#233;cada de vida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O envelhecimento, independentemente dos fatores &#233;tnicos, sociais e culturais inerentes a cada popula&#231;&#227;o, est&#225; associado a uma maior probabilidade do aparecimento de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas n&#227;o transmiss&#237;veis (DCNT) secund&#225;rias a mudan&#231;as morfofisiol&#243;gicas e funcionais e ao estilo de vida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS) &#233; a DCNT mais predominante entre os idosos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Sua preval&#234;ncia aumenta progressivamente com o envelhecimento, e &#233; considerada o principal fator de risco modific&#225;vel para doen&#231;as cardiovasculares na popula&#231;&#227;o geri&#225;trica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Existe uma rela&#231;&#227;o direta e linear da press&#227;o arterial (PA) com a idade, sendo a preval&#234;ncia de HAS superior a 60% na faixa et&#225;ria acima de 65 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Como a HAS &#233; uma s&#237;ndrome cl&#237;nica multifatorial, contar com a contribui&#231;&#227;o da equipe multiprofissional de apoio ao hipertenso &#233; conduta desej&#225;vel, sempre que poss&#237;vel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> A equipe multiprofissional pode ser constitu&#237;da por todos os profissionais que lidam com pacientes hipertensos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> e &#233; recomendada por diretrizes nacionais e internacionais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>No paciente hipertenso muito idoso, n&#227;o existem estudos do nosso conhecimento que comprovem o benef&#237;cio do tratamento multiprofissional.</p>
        <p>O objetivo deste trabalho &#233; avaliar o resultado do tratamento multiprofissional em pacientes hipertensos muito idosos em seguimento regular em um servi&#231;o de refer&#234;ncia em tratamento multidisciplinar da hipertens&#227;o arterial.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>O estudo foi avaliado e aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa M&#233;dica Humana e Animal (CEP) da institui&#231;&#227;o (protocolo n.&#186; 700.942 de 26/06/2014).</p>
        <p>Analisados retrospectivamente os dados de pacientes muito idosos em acompanhamento regular em um servi&#231;o multiprofissional de refer&#234;ncia para o tratamento de HAS da regi&#227;o Centro-Oeste do Brasil.</p>
        <p>Trata-se de um servi&#231;o existente h&#225; mais de 20 anos, com enfoque em assist&#234;ncia, ensino e pesquisa, com acompanhamento multiprofissional de pacientes hipertensos. Conta com uma equipe de m&#233;dicos (cardiologistas, endocrinologistas e nefrologistas), enfermeiros, nutricionistas, fisioterapeutas, professores de educa&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica, psic&#243;logos e musicoterapeutas. Os pacientes s&#227;o acompanhados com intervalos m&#225;ximos entre as consultas de tr&#234;s meses, independentemente da &#225;rea de sa&#250;de respons&#225;vel pelo atendimento. Al&#233;m disso, atividades de educa&#231;&#227;o e promo&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de com os pacientes vinculados ao servi&#231;o s&#227;o realizadas rotineiramente.</p>
        <p>A equipe m&#233;dica tem a fun&#231;&#227;o de avaliar a sintomatologia, os h&#225;bitos de vida, as medica&#231;&#245;es em uso, realizar um exame f&#237;sico completo, interpretar os exames complementares realizados e estabelecer a conduta. Tal conduta inclui a prescri&#231;&#227;o de medica&#231;&#245;es e de medidas n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas, a solicita&#231;&#227;o de exames complementares e o agendamento das consultas de retorno, com a defini&#231;&#227;o do intervalo e para qual profissional ser&#225; feito o retorno. Al&#233;m disso, em caso de descompensa&#231;&#227;o de condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas identificada na consulta m&#233;dica, ocorre encaminhamento para atendimento em pronto-socorro ou interna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>A equipe de enfermagem realiza a avalia&#231;&#227;o de sintomatologia, sinais vitais, medica&#231;&#245;es em uso e h&#225;bitos de vida. Orienta em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; ades&#227;o ao tratamento tanto nos aspectos medicamentosos quanto n&#227;o medicamentosos. Define o intervalo de retorno nas consultas de enfermagem e encaminha os pacientes para o atendimento m&#233;dico quando necess&#225;rio ou em casos de intervalos superiores a seis meses desde a &#250;ltima consulta m&#233;dica.</p>
        <p>O grupo de nutricionistas realiza um atendimento com enfoque em aspectos n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicos do atendimento, especificamente a parte alimentar. Realiza-se uma anamnese alimentar e avaliam-se dados antropom&#233;tricos e sinais vitais. A conduta visa &#224; orienta&#231;&#227;o alimentar com grande &#234;nfase na restri&#231;&#227;o de sal e prescri&#231;&#227;o de dietas nos casos pertinentes.</p>
        <p>As outras &#225;reas da sa&#250;de que atuam no servi&#231;o n&#227;o realizam atendimentos formais, mas uma s&#233;rie de interven&#231;&#245;es educativas e de promo&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de com os pacientes hipertensos do servi&#231;o enfocando suas &#225;reas da atua&#231;&#227;o. Os fisioterapeutas e professores de educa&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica atuam em reuni&#245;es peri&#243;dicas com os pacientes na sala de espera ou agendadas previamente em que enfocam a import&#226;ncia da pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica e medidas de preven&#231;&#227;o de les&#245;es e quedas, al&#233;m de promoverem atividades f&#237;sicas assistidas em grupo para os pacientes. Da mesma forma, as equipes de psicologia e musicoterapia atuam principalmente na sala de espera do servi&#231;o com orienta&#231;&#245;es e interven&#231;&#245;es visando &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o de estresse e melhora do ambiente de espera.</p>
        <p>Nesse servi&#231;o, os atendimentos s&#227;o registrados em ficha padronizada desde o in&#237;cio de suas atividades h&#225; mais de 20 anos, com preenchimento mandat&#243;rio por todos os profissionais de campos objetivos, garantindo a confiabilidade e a reprodutibilidade dos dados ao longo dos anos de seguimento.</p>
        <p>Inclu&#237;dos pacientes com 80 anos completos ou mais em junho de 2015, desde que houvesse o registro de pelo menos tr&#234;s consultas ao longo do seguimento no servi&#231;o. Foram coletados os dados da primeira consulta no servi&#231;o, j&#225; com diagn&#243;stico de HAS, por&#233;m em tratamento convencional (n&#227;o multiprofissional) em outros servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de da regi&#227;o. Esses dados foram comparados com os resultados encontrados na &#250;ltima consulta registrada no prontu&#225;rio, ap&#243;s a institui&#231;&#227;o do tratamento multiprofissional, independentemente do tempo decorrido entre as duas.</p>
        <p>As metas para os tratamentos institu&#237;dos aos pacientes muito idosos seguiram as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes nacionais vigentes &#224; &#233;poca em que tal tratamento estava sendo institu&#237;do. Tal orienta&#231;&#227;o pauta as condutas adotadas no servi&#231;o desde o in&#237;cio de suas atividades e modifica-se conforme tais diretrizes s&#227;o atualizadas e sofrem altera&#231;&#245;es.</p>
        <p>Foram considerados controlados valores de PA inferiores a 140 mmHg para press&#227;o sist&#243;lica (PAS) e inferiores a 90 mmHg para a press&#227;o diast&#243;lica (PAD), conforme recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes nacionais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A coleta de informa&#231;&#245;es nos prontu&#225;rios incluiu:</p>
        <p>
          <bold>Dados antropom&#233;tricos:</bold>
        </p>
        <p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Peso, altura e c&#225;lculo do &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) atrav&#233;s da f&#243;rmula estabelecida por QUETELET (IMC = Peso em kg/Altura<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> em metro).</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </p>
        <p>
          <bold>Press&#227;o arterial:</bold>
        </p>
        <p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>As medidas foram realizadas com aparelhos de coluna de merc&#250;rio ap&#243;s 5 minutos de repouso, sendo efetuadas duas medidas, com intervalo de 2 minutos, no membro superior, com o indiv&#237;duo na posi&#231;&#227;o sentada e com o bra&#231;o apoiado. Para fins de an&#225;lise dos dados, considerou-se a m&#233;dia das duas &#250;ltimas medidas registradas no atendimento.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </p>
        <p>
          <bold>Dados laboratoriais:</bold>
        </p>
        <p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Fun&#231;&#227;o renal com registro da creatinina;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>C&#225;lculo do clearance de creatinina pela f&#243;rmula de MDRD;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
							</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Glicemia de jejum e perfil lip&#237;dico: colhidos ap&#243;s 12 horas de jejum e seguindo a recomenda&#231;&#227;o da n&#227;o ingest&#227;o de bebida alco&#243;lica nas 48 horas antecedendo a coleta. O m&#233;todo utilizado para dosagem do colesterol total (CT), HDL colesterol (HDL), triglic&#233;rides s&#233;ricos (TG) e da glicemia plasm&#225;tica foi o colorim&#233;trico-enzim&#225;tico. O valor do LDL colesterol (LDL) foi estimado pela F&#243;rmula de Friedewald<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> onde LDL = CT - (HDL + TG/5).</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </p>
        <p>
          <bold>Medica&#231;&#245;es em uso:</bold>
        </p>
        <p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Drogas anti-hipertensivas: analisando o n&#250;mero das medica&#231;&#245;es e suas classes;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Outras drogas: estatinas e &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </p>
        <p>
          <bold>H&#225;bitos de vida:</bold>
        </p>
        <p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Tabagismo: fumante ou n&#227;o fumante;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Etilismo: consome ou n&#227;o bebida alco&#243;lica;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Sedentarismo:</p>
              <p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>- sedent&#225;rio - sem qualquer atividade f&#237;sica de lazer</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>- n&#227;o sedent&#225;rio - algum tipo de atividade f&#237;sica de lazer.</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </p>
        <p>
          <bold>Comorbidades associadas:</bold>
        </p>
        <p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Diagn&#243;stico de dislipidemia e diabetes mellitus.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </p>
        <p>
          <bold>Eventos cardiovasculares:</bold>
        </p>
        <p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) - registro em prontu&#225;rio de IAM confirmado por resumo de alta hospitalar e/ou marcadores de necrose tecidual alterados;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) - registro em prontu&#225;rio confirmado por resumo de alta hospitalar e/ou exame de imagem sugestivo de evento cerebrovascular;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Necessidade de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica do mioc&#225;rdio ou angioplastia - registro em prontu&#225;rio confirmado por resumo de alta, relat&#243;rio de cirurgi&#227;o e/ou laudo de angioplastia.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </p>
        <sec>
          <title>Banco de dados e an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Os dados foram armazenados em banco de dados pr&#243;prio, estruturado no programa Excel (Microsoft) e analisados comparativamente. A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada atrav&#233;s do Software SPSS (<italic>Statistical Package of Social Science</italic>, vers&#227;o 21.0, Chicago, IL, EUA). O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi utilizado para analisar se as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas apresentavam distribui&#231;&#227;o normal. O teste <italic>t</italic> de Student pareado foi usado para comparar as vari&#225;veis num&#233;ricas do estudo, expressas em m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o. A an&#225;lise comparativa das vari&#225;veis qualitativas foi realizada utilizando o teste de McNemar. Foram considerados significantes valores de p&lt;0,05.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Foram estudados 71 pacientes muito idosos em acompanhamento regular no servi&#231;o. O tempo m&#233;dio de seguimento do grupo foi de 15,22 anos (m&#237;nimo de 3 meses e m&#225;ximo de 23,5 anos), sendo que 85,9% dos pacientes foram acompanhados por mais de 5 anos e apenas 2 pacientes por menos de 1 ano.</p>
        <p>Os pacientes do sexo masculino representaram 26,8% da amostra, sendo que a idade m&#233;dia do grupo estudado na primeira visita (V1) era 69,2 anos (m&#237;nimo de 57 e m&#225;ximo de 91 anos), chegando a 84,53 anos (m&#237;nimo de 80 e m&#225;ximo de 94 anos) na &#250;ltima visita (Vf).</p>
        <p>A taxa de controle da PA inicial, com o tratamento convencional, que era de 36,6% (n=26), passou para 83,1% (n=59) (p&lt;0,001).</p>
        <p>Os valores m&#233;dios de PA diminu&#237;ram de forma significativa ao longo do tempo de seguimento, com um incremento no n&#250;mero de anti-hipertensivos utilizados, assim como uma otimiza&#231;&#227;o nas classes de drogas anti-hipertensivas prescritas. Essa otimiza&#231;&#227;o caracterizou-se por um aumento na utiliza&#231;&#227;o das classes de drogas consideradas de primeira linha [inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA), bloqueadores do receptor de angiotensina (BRA) e bloqueadores de canais de c&#225;lcio (BCC)] (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabelas 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Valores m&#233;dios de press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (PAS) e press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica (PAD) e n&#250;mero m&#233;dio de drogas anti-hipertensivas na visita inicial (V1) e na final (Vf). Goi&#226;nia-GO</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">V1 (n=71)</th>
                <th align="center">Vf (n=71)</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PAS (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">157,3 &#177; 21,5</td>
                <td align="center">142,1 &#177; 20,9</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PAD (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">95,1 &#177; 13,9</td>
                <td align="center">77,8 &#177; 10,8</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero de drogas</td>
                <td align="center">1,49 &#177; 0,9</td>
                <td align="center">2,85 &#177; 1,2</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>Teste t de Student de amostras relacionadas; significativo &#8211; p&lt;0,05; valores expressos em m&#233;dias &#177; desvios padr&#245;es.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o das classes de drogas anti-hipertensivas na visita inicial (V1) e na final (Vf). Goi&#226;nia &#8211; GO</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">V1</th>
                <th align="center">Vf</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diur&#233;ticos</td>
                <td align="center">53,5% (38)</td>
                <td align="center">60,6% (43)</td>
                <td align="center">0,511</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IECA</td>
                <td align="center">22,5% (16)</td>
                <td align="center">46,5% (33)</td>
                <td align="center">0,004</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BRA</td>
                <td align="center">4,2% (3)</td>
                <td align="center">35,2% (25)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BCC</td>
                <td align="center">18,3% (13)</td>
                <td align="center">67,6% (48)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BB</td>
                <td align="center">16,9% (12)</td>
                <td align="center">16,9% (12)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Espironolactona</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">5,63% (4)</td>
                <td align="center">0,125</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Outros</td>
                <td align="center">29,6% (21)</td>
                <td align="center">16,9% (12)</td>
                <td align="center">0,078</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <p>Teste de McNemar; significativo p&lt;0,05; valores expressos em percentual e n&#250;meros absolutos; IECA: inibidor da enzima conversora de angiotensina; BRA: bloqueador do receptor de angiotensina; BCC: bloqueador de canal de c&#225;lcio; BB: betabloqueador.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Dentro da an&#225;lise do tratamento medicamentoso, ao compararmos a prescri&#231;&#227;o inicial com a final, encontramos um aumento significativo tanto no uso de estatinas (1,4% x 52,1%; p&lt;0,001) quanto no uso de &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico (11,3% x 39,4%; p&lt;0,001).</p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise das vari&#225;veis laboratoriais evidenciou uma melhora no CT e no LDL, ap&#243;s a institui&#231;&#227;o do tratamento multiprofissional, com uma ressalva em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular, que piorou ao longo do seguimento (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Valores m&#233;dios das vari&#225;veis laboratoriais na visita inicial (V1) e na final (Vf). Goi&#226;nia &#8211; GO</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">V1</th>
                <th align="center">Vf</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CT (mg/dl)</td>
                <td align="center">217,9 &#177; 40,5</td>
                <td align="center">191 &#177; 37,3</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HDL (mg/dl)</td>
                <td align="center">47,7 &#177; 9,8</td>
                <td align="center">47,3 &#177; 11,5</td>
                <td align="center">0,772</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LDL (mg/dl)</td>
                <td align="center">139,6 &#177; 30,9</td>
                <td align="center">119,0 &#177; 33,2</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Triglic&#233;rides (mg/dl)</td>
                <td align="center">135,04 &#177; 66,85</td>
                <td align="center">122,48 &#177; 50,7</td>
                <td align="center">0,101</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Glicemia (mg/dl)</td>
                <td align="center">102,5 &#177; 46,9</td>
                <td align="center">103,82 &#177; 29,7</td>
                <td align="center">0,819</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">TFG (ml/min)</td>
                <td align="center">62,5 &#177; 25,7</td>
                <td align="center">45,4 &#177; 15,2</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <p>Teste t de Student de amostras relacionadas; significativo &#8211; p&lt;0,05; valores expressos em m&#233;dias &#177; desvios padr&#245;es. CT: colesterol total; HDL: HDL colesterol; LDL: LDL colesterol; TFG: taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos h&#225;bitos de vida, n&#227;o houve modifica&#231;&#227;o na preval&#234;ncia de tabagismo (5,6% x 1,4%; p=0,250) e sedentarismo (14,1% x 8,5%; p=0,388), mas houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa na preval&#234;ncia do etilismo com o tratamento multiprofissional (11,3% x 1,4%; p=0,039).</p>
        <p>O IMC dos pacientes diminuiu ao longo do seguimento, passando de 27,01kg/m<sup>2</sup> para 25,6kg/m<sup>2</sup>, com p=0,001.</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s comorbidades estudadas, encontrou-se um aumento no n&#250;mero de pacientes diab&#233;ticos (8,5% x 28,2%; p&lt;0,001). Houve aumento no n&#250;mero de dislipid&#234;micos (66,2% x 74,6%; p=0,345), mas n&#227;o estatisticamente significativo para dislipidemia. Apenas dois eventos cardiovasculares ocorreram na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada ao longo do tempo de acompanhamento.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Diversos estudos nacionais e internacionais<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> j&#225; demonstraram a superioridade do controle da PA com o tratamento multiprofissional quando comparado ao tratamento convencional. Essa evid&#234;ncia, entretanto, n&#227;o est&#225; dispon&#237;vel para o hipertenso muito idoso. Este estudo evidenciou um aumento significativo na taxa de controle da PA, com 83,1% dos pacientes hipertensos muito idosos em acompanhamento no servi&#231;o multidisciplinar, apresentando n&#237;veis tensionais controlados ao final do seguimento. Esses dados superam em muito as taxas de controle da PA em pacientes hipertensos muito idosos analisados em variados contextos cl&#237;nicos. Dados epidemiol&#243;gicos norte-americanos, por exemplo, demonstraram taxas de controle de PA nessa faixa et&#225;ria de 30,4%, entre 1988 e 1994, e de 53,1%, entre 2005 e 2010.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O tratamento multiprofissional do hipertenso muito idoso reduziu os n&#237;veis de PAS em cerca de 15 mmHg e de PAD em 17 mmHg. Essa redu&#231;&#227;o mais acentuada da PAD quando comparada &#224; PAS j&#225; foi demonstrada em outros estudos com popula&#231;&#245;es muito idosas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Da mesma forma, o incremento no n&#250;mero de drogas anti-hipertensivas ao longo do tempo de seguimento, encontrado neste estudo, tamb&#233;m &#233; reportado em outras an&#225;lises de seguimento de idosos hipertensos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Uma caracter&#237;stica marcante do tratamento medicamentoso observada neste levantamento diz respeito &#224; otimiza&#231;&#227;o do esquema terap&#234;utico adotado ao longo dos anos de seguimento. Tal achado, caracterizado pelo aumento do uso de drogas de primeira linha como IECA, BRA e BCC, sugere uma boa qualidade no atendimento prestado, com um direcionamento do tratamento medicamentoso para as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes mais atuais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Outro dado relevante ao considerarmos o tratamento medicamentoso diz respeito &#224; utiliza&#231;&#227;o crescente de estatinas e &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico no grupo estudado ao longo do seguimento. Esse dado tamb&#233;m indica uma excel&#234;ncia no tratamento conduzido por equipe multidisciplinar, tamb&#233;m norteado por diretrizes de preven&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos achados laboratoriais, demonstrou-se uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa nos valores de CT e LDL, mesmo com o envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada. Tal achado pode ser explicado pelo aumento na utiliza&#231;&#227;o de estatinas. Por outro lado, mesmo com uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa da PA, a taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular piorou ao longo dos mais de 15 anos de seguimento. Esse &#233; mais um achado que pode ser explicado pelo envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada, uma vez que a perda da fun&#231;&#227;o renal &#233; sabidamente progressiva a partir dos 40 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Os h&#225;bitos de vida dessa popula&#231;&#227;o de muito idosos modificaram-se pouco. Tal padr&#227;o &#233; esperado em uma popula&#231;&#227;o de octogen&#225;rios, uma vez que a idade &#233; um dos grandes limitadores nas mudan&#231;as dos h&#225;bitos de vida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> Apesar disso, houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa no etilismo no grupo avaliado.</p>
        <p>O envelhecimento est&#225; associado no cen&#225;rio nutricional a decl&#237;nio da desnutri&#231;&#227;o e aumento expressivo da preval&#234;ncia de obesidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> Obesidade n&#227;o &#233; simplesmente o aumento de peso, mas sim o excesso da gordura corporal. O envelhecimento est&#225; associado ao aumento da massa gordurosa e mudan&#231;as no seu padr&#227;o de distribui&#231;&#227;o, com aumento de 20% a 30% na gordura corporal total (2% a 5%/d&#233;cada, ap&#243;s os 40 anos).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> A redu&#231;&#227;o do IMC observada j&#225; foi demonstrada em estudos de seguimento de pacientes idosos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> por&#233;m traduz uma avalia&#231;&#227;o superficial do estado nutricional dos indiv&#237;duos idosos, quando lan&#231;amos m&#227;o apenas do IMC.</p>
        <p>Dentre as comorbidades consideradas no estudo, o aumento significativo nos novos casos de diabetes foi demonstrado e reproduz o que encontramos em estudos de seguimento longo de pacientes hipertensos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> &#201; um achado condizente com o car&#225;ter degenerativo do diabetes, j&#225; amplamente demonstrado em estudos observacionais, mesmo em n&#227;o idosos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Um dado extremamente interessante e que merece investiga&#231;&#245;es futuras &#233; o n&#250;mero reduzido de eventos no grupo estudado. Mesmo em pacientes muito idosos e com um tempo de seguimento prolongado, apenas dois eventos cardiovasculares ocorreram. Talvez um indicativo de que o tratamento multiprofissional possa ser capaz de reduzir desfechos cardiovasculares em indiv&#237;duos muito idosos.</p>
        <p>Uma das limita&#231;&#245;es deste estudo est&#225; em seu car&#225;ter retrospectivo. Entretanto, o fato de a coleta dos dados ter sido realizada em um servi&#231;o estruturado desde a sua concep&#231;&#227;o para a gera&#231;&#227;o de conhecimento cient&#237;fico ameniza essa limita&#231;&#227;o. No servi&#231;o em quest&#227;o, a estrutura do prontu&#225;rio de atendimento &#233; objetiva e o preenchimento dos campos obrigat&#243;rios &#233; exaustivamente treinado por toda a equipe. Com isso a capacidade de gerar dados confi&#225;veis, mesmo n&#227;o sendo de forma prospectiva, fica garantida.</p>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, o tempo de seguimento dos pacientes foi n&#227;o homog&#234;neo na amostra. Por isso um n&#250;mero m&#237;nimo de tr&#234;s consultas no servi&#231;o foi considerado como crit&#233;rio de inclus&#227;o, garantindo um comprometimento m&#237;nimo do paciente com o servi&#231;o, assim como um atendimento por pelo menos dois profissionais de diferentes &#225;reas da sa&#250;de dentro dessas tr&#234;s consultas. Al&#233;m disso, uma an&#225;lise mais detalhada desse tempo de seguimento mostra que a imensa maioria dos pacientes (85,9%) foi submetida ao tratamento multiprofissional por pelo menos 5 anos.</p>
        <p>Outra limita&#231;&#227;o foi a aus&#234;ncia de um grupo controle. N&#227;o foi realizada a compara&#231;&#227;o com um grupo semelhante, pois toda a nossa popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes &#233; submetida ao mesmo tratamento multidisciplinar. A compara&#231;&#227;o que fazemos &#233; do momento inicial em um servi&#231;o multidisciplinar, momento em que os pacientes j&#225; est&#227;o em tratamento anti-hipertensivo n&#227;o multidisciplinar, com o momento final, ap&#243;s a institui&#231;&#227;o do tratamento multiprofissional. A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de um grupo controle seria a metodologia ideal para a realiza&#231;&#227;o de tal trabalho, entretanto a forma como a pesquisa compara de forma indireta dois padr&#245;es de tratamento em um grupo populacional pouco estudado e de dif&#237;cil acompanhamento deve ser destacada. Trata-se de um estudo gerador de hip&#243;teses, uma vez que a abordagem multiprofissional para pacientes hipertensos muito idosos n&#227;o foi avaliada sob nenhuma metodologia. Al&#233;m disso, os resultados extremamente positivos encontrados servir&#227;o como est&#237;mulo para que tal metodologia de tratamento seja melhor estudada e implementada de forma mais abrangente.</p>
        <p>As perspectivas de investiga&#231;&#227;o de interven&#231;&#245;es multiprofissionais em hipertensos muito idosos s&#227;o in&#250;meras e extremamente promissoras, como demonstrado neste estudo. Os dados encontrados sugerem que, assim como os outros subgrupos de pacientes hipertensos, os muito idosos tamb&#233;m se beneficiam de uma estrat&#233;gia de tratamento multifacetada, e que valoriza os diversos aspectos da doen&#231;a e do ser humano, oferecendo a mais completa e efetiva terapia poss&#237;vel.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>A interven&#231;&#227;o multiprofissional em pacientes hipertensos muito idosos reduziu a PA e aumentou a sua taxa de controle, com a otimiza&#231;&#227;o do tratamento medicamentoso institu&#237;do.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi parcialmente financiado pela Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de Goi&#225;s.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de Disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Luciana Muniz Sanches Siqueira Veiga Jardim pela Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
