<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.4" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Nbw8GQvG9tQcZbhtyBmNjHf</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2016004400437</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160165</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
          <subj-group>
            <subject>Hypertension</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Blood Pressure Treatment Adherence and Control after Participation in the ReHOT</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jesus</surname>
            <given-names>Nath&#225;lia Silva de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nogueira</surname>
            <given-names>Armando da Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pachu</surname>
            <given-names>Cacilda Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Luiz</surname>
            <given-names>Ronir Raggio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Glaucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Clementino Fraga Filho</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Estudos em Sa&#250;de Coletiva</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Estudos em Sa&#250;de Coletiva, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</bold>, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, n&#186; 255 / 8&#186; andar - Ilha do Fund&#227;o. Postal Code 21941-913, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-Brazil.. E-mail: <email>glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com</email>; <email>glauciam@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Analysis and interpretation of the data: Jesus NS, Nogueira AR, Pachu CO, Luiz RR, Oliveira GMM; Acquisition of data and Statistical analysis: Jesus NS, Pachu CO, Luiz RR, Oliveira GMM; Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Jesus NS, Nogueira AR, Pachu CO, Oliveira GMM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>107</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>437</fpage>
      <lpage>445</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Lack of adherence to pharmacological treatment is one of the main causes of low control rates in hypertension.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To verify treatment adherence and associated factors, as well as blood pressure (BP) control in participants of the Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment (ReHOT) clinical trial.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Method:</title>
          <p>Cross-sectional study including all 109 patients who had completed the ReHOT for at least 6 months. We excluded those participants who failed to respond to the new recruitment after three phone contact attempts. We evaluated the BP control by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM; controlled levels: 24-hour systolic and diastolic BP &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg) and analyzed the patients' treatment adherence using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) questionnaire validated by Bloch, Melo, and Nogueira (2008). The statistical analysis was performed with the software IBM SPSS statistics 21.0. We tested the normality of the data distribution with kurtosis and skewness. The variables tested in the study are presented with descriptive statistics. Comparisons between treatment adherence and other variables were performed with Student's t test for independent variables and Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test. To conduct analyses among patients considering adherence to treatment and BP control, we created four groups: G0, G1, G2, and G3. We considered a 5% significance level in all tests.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>During the ReHOT, 80% of the patients had good BP control and treatment adherence. Of 96 patients reevaluated in the present study, only 52.1% had controlled hypertension when assessed by ABPM, while 31.3% were considered adherent by the MMAS. Regarding other ABPM measures, we observed an absence of a nocturnal dip in 64.6% of the patients and a white-coat effect and false BP control in 23% and 12.5%, respectively. Patients' education level showed a trend towards being a determinant factor associated with lack of adherence (p = 0.05). Resistant hypertension and number of medications were significantly associated with BP control assessed by ABPM (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001, respectively). Resistant hypertension was also significantly associated with group G0 (patients with no control or adherence, p = 0.012).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>There was a decrease in BP control and adherence measured by the MMAS after participation of at least 6 months in the ReHOT clinical trial.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Arterial Pressure, Medication Adherence</kwd>
        <kwd>Clinical Trial</kwd>
        <kwd>Antihypertensive Agents</kwd>
        <kwd>Survey and Questionnaires</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and include hypertension as one of their most prevalent risk factors.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> According to the Global Burden of Disease, which evaluated the disease burden in 188 countries, hypertension was the second most important identifiable risk factor between 1990-2013, accounting for 10.4 million deaths.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Hypertension has a high prevalence worldwide; it affects approximately 30 to 45% of the general population and increases sharply with age.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> In Brazil, the frequency of adults who reported a diagnosis of hypertension during a phone interview was 15.2% in Palmas and 30.7% in Rio de Janeiro.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A study conducted in Ilha do Governador (Rio de Janeiro) between 1999 and 2009 to assess the cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients found a risk of cardiovascular death three times greater in hypertensive individuals compared with normotensive ones.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Despite evidence regarding the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, the percentages of blood pressure (BP) control are very low. According to the VI Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension (VI <italic>Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o</italic>, VIDBHA), these rates range from 20% to 40%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> The BP control in hypertensive patients is directly related to adherence to the prescribed therapy, which in turn is one of the main factors responsible for uncontrolled hypertension.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In Brazil, a review has shown rates of non-adherence of 49% in Rio de Janeiro and 25% in S&#227;o Luiz between 2000 and 2009.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Different factors interfering with this process include socioeconomic status, sex, age, education level, complexity of the therapeutic regimen, relationship with the health care team, and absence of symptoms.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Lack of treatment adherence must not be confused with resistant hypertension, which is defined as the occurrence of BP levels above the target range (&#8805; 140 x 90 mmHg) despite the use of three antihypertensive drugs of different classes (including a diuretic at optimal doses).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Patients with resistant hypertension must have good treatment adherence, since lack of adherence - namely pseudoresistance - may lead to addition of unnecessary medications to their treatment.</p>
      <p>The Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment (ReHOT), a multicenter clinical trial in hypertensive patients conducted in 2010,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> aimed at identifying patients with resistant hypertension and standardize their therapeutic regimens. In this study, the rates of BP control and treatment adherence were approximately 80% (unpublished data).</p>
      <p>Existing methods to evaluate treatment adherence may be classified as direct (including analytical measurements of the drugs metabolites or chemical markers that remain in the body for a longer time and identify whether the medication was administered or taken in the appropriate dosage and frequency) and indirect (including pill count, patient's report, physician's opinion, attendance to medical appointments, and use of validated questionnaires).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Among the latter, the most commonly used are validated questionnaires, such as the Morisky and Green test, which comprises four questions (MGT4) to identify the attitude and behavior of the patient regarding medication use. One point is assigned to each negative response by the patient, and those who score four points are characterized as having adherence. Scores equal to or lower than three points characterize the patient as having no adherence.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> The MGT4 is considered a reference test for being a simple, validated instrument with easy application in clinical practice. It is the most often used test in studies evaluating treatment adherence.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Assessment of treatment adherence is fundamental in the development of public and individual health care strategies. Based on that, the aim of this study was to evaluate the BP control, adherence to treatment, and factors related to non-adherence in patients who participated for at least 6 months in the clinical trial ReHOT.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>This was a cross-sectional study conducted between May 2014 and June 2015 in a cohort of hypertensive patients who had participated in the ReHOT clinical trial. The patients were recruited from the Jos&#233; Paranhos Fontenelle medical care unit, Manguinhos emergency care unit, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF). The study included all patients who completed the ReHOT and excluded those who failed to respond to the new recruitment after three phone contact attempts.</p>
      <p>The ReHOT was a multicenter, prospective, randomized study conducted between May 2011 and June 2013 in 26 centers in Brazil with the aim of identifying patients with resistant hypertension and standardizing their therapeutic regimens. The inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 75 years, systolic BP (SBP) &#8805; 160 mmHg and &#8804; 220 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) &#8805; 100 mmHg, and regular enrollment in the participating center. The exclusion criteria were SBP &gt; 220 mmHg, cardiovascular events (stroke and acute myocardial infarction) or cardiovascular procedures within the previous 6 months, stages IV and V renal insufficiency, NYHA functional class III and IV heart failure, history of malignant disease with a life expectancy &lt; 2 years, alcoholism, psychiatric illness, lack of contraception (if women of childbearing age), pregnancy, severe arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, second- or third-degree atrioventricular (AVB) blockade without pacemaker, hyperkalemia (&gt; 5.0 mEq/L), severe liver disease, renovascular disease and hyperaldosteronism, history of hypersensitivity to one of the medications included in the study protocol, grade III or IV fundoscopic changes, and requirement of use of a beta-blocker due to heart failure or coronary insufficiency. The research protocol of the study series was evaluated and approved by the research ethics committee of the coordinating center (INCOR), HUCFF, and by the Municipal Health Secretariat. The research ethics committee at HUCFF also approved a protocol amendment submitted for the study extension. All participants signed a free and informed consent form (protocol no. 189/09).</p>
      <p>The ReHOT included 1927 individuals distributed across 26 participating centers. At HUCFF, a total of 123 individuals with stages II and III hypertension were recruited to estimate the prevalence of resistant hypertension in the first phase of the trial (visits 0 to 3). These patients were treated for 12 weeks according to recommendations by the Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> (chlorthalidone 25 mg once a day, enalapril 20 mg twice a day, and amlodipine 5 mg once a day with potential increase to twice a day). Patients with a history of adverse reactions to enalapril or who presented adverse reactions to this medication during the trial were treated with losartan 50 mg twice a day. All patients were recommended to decrease sodium intake and practice physical activities, and were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team comprising physicians, nurses, and pharmacists. Treatment adherence was assessed by pill count during study appointments. During the study (visits 1 and 3), the patients underwent BP measurement, ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and electrocardiogram (ECG), and were evaluated with routine laboratory tests (lipid profile, electrolytes, renal function, blood glucose, and urine sediment analysis). At visit 1, we conducted a special phenotypic characterization to identify those phenotypes with a predominance of increased renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity or sympathetic activity, including measurement of urinary and plasma aldosterone, and 24-hour Na+ and K+ excretion. We also collected blood to organize a (serum) gene library and a biolibrary. In phase 2 (visits 4 to 5), the main objective was to evaluate a fourth drug to introduce in the therapeutic regimen to achieve control of the resistant hypertension. Those patients classified as having actual resistant hypertension were randomized to treatment with clonidine 0.100 mg twice a day (which could be titrated to 0.200 mg and 0.300 mg twice a day) and spironolactone 12.5 mg (which could be titrated to 25 mg and 50 mg). After 24 weeks, at the end of the study in visit 6, all routine laboratory tests, ECG, and ABPM were repeated for further evaluation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Of the 123 participants in the ReHOT clinical trial at HUCFF, 109 completed the study, 14 were excluded during the trial (three for not adjusting to the regimen due to white-coat effect [WCE], three due to loss to follow-up, two by the patients' own decision, two by the physicians' decisions, two due to adverse events not related to the medications, and two due to adverse events related to the medications). All 109 patients who completed the study were recruited by phone for the new evaluation and 13 were excluded after three unsuccessful contact attempts. The study included two visits (1 and 2). At visit 1, the patients filled out forms during medical and pharmaceutical appointments for collection of data identifying their sociodemographic characteristics (education level, race, sex, age, marital status, and occupation), comorbidities, alcoholism and smoking status, anthropometric measurements (weight and height), use of medications, and conventional BP measurement obtained according to recommendations by the VI DBHA<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> (controlled BP: SBP and DBP &lt; 140 x 90 mmHg) and placement of the ABPM device to determine the BP control (controlled BP: 24-hour SBP and DBP &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg). ABPM was performed using with the oscillometric device Spacelabs Healthcare, model 90207 (ABP Report Management System, version 3.0.0.9). We considered as valid those ABPM tests obtaining 80% of the readings, and when this value was not reached, a new ABPM was obtained. BP measurements were obtained every 15 minutes during the day and every 20 minutes during the night, and the parameters used for the analysis were the DBP and SBP of the summary of the overall averages (values corresponding to the 24-hour period). A nocturnal dip (ND) was defined as a decrease in BP &#8805; 10% from awake to sleep.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> A WCE was considered present when an individual had a BP outside the control target when measured at the office, but a normal ABPM. However, if the BP was controlled in the office but elevated during the ABPM, the patient was classified as having a false control.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
			</p>
      <p>At visit 2, held on the day following visit 1, the ABPM device was removed and the patients then filled out the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) questionnaire, validated by Bloch et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> to assess treatment adherence. A patient was considered treatment adherent when answering with a negative response to all questions.</p>
      <p>The statistical analysis was performed with the software IBM SPSS statistics 21.0. The variables tested in the study are presented with descriptive statistics. The normality of the data distribution was tested with kurtosis and skewness; the distribution of the data was considered normal. Comparisons between treatment adherence and other variables were performed with Student's <italic>t</italic> test for independent variables, Pearson's chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test. We considered a 5% significance level in all statistical tests.</p>
      <p>To perform analyses among patients considering adherence and BP control, we created four groups: group 0 (G0, without control and without adherence, comprising 32 patients), group 1 (G1, without adherence and with control, comprising 34 patients), group 2 (G2, with adherence and without control, with 14 patients), and group 3 (G3, with adherence and with control, with 16 patients).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>Most of the 96 patients included in the study were non-whites. Their mean age was 53.9 years (26-76 years), 56.2% (n = 54) were women, 55.2% (n = 53) had been educated for up to 9 years, 57.3% (n = 55) had a partner, 17.7% (n = 17) were smokers, 36.5% (n = 35) were alcoholics, 27.1% (n = 26) were diabetics, and 30.2% (n = 29) were dyslipidemic. All patients had a prescription for at least two and up to four antihypertensive medications. In the overall cohort, 45.8% (n = 44) of the patients reported using two medications, 41.7% (n = 40) three medications, and 11.5% (n = 11) four medications. Only one patient reported not using any medication by his own decision although having a prescription for four medications. In total, 12.5% (n = 12) of the patients were classified as having resistant hypertension during the ReHOT trial (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>). Regarding the factors associated with treatment adherence, education level showed a trend towards being a determining factor (p = 0.05). The number of medications and the occurrence of resistant hypertension showed significant associations with BP control measured by ABPM (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001, respectively).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>General characteristics of the participants in the cross-sectional study</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">
							</th>
              <th align="center">With adherence % (n)</th>
              <th align="center">Without adherence % (n)</th>
              <th align="center">With control % (n)</th>
              <th align="center">Without control</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Sex</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">28 (15)</td>
              <td align="center">72 (39)</td>
              <td align="center">53.7 (29)</td>
              <td align="center">46.3 (25)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">35.7 (15)</td>
              <td align="center">64.3 (27)</td>
              <td align="center">50 (21)</td>
              <td align="center">50 (21)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age in years</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">Mean</td>
              <td align="center">52.92 &#177; 10.3</td>
              <td align="center">55.97&#177; 9.29</td>
              <td align="center">54.6 &#177; 9.3</td>
              <td align="center">53.09 &#177; 10.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoking</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">17.6 (3)</td>
              <td align="center">82.3 (14)</td>
              <td align="center">64.7 (11)</td>
              <td align="center">35.5(6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">34.2 (27)</td>
              <td align="center">65.8 (52)</td>
              <td align="center">49.4 (39)</td>
              <td align="center">50.6 (40)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Alcoholism</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">22.9 (8)</td>
              <td align="center">77.1 (27)</td>
              <td align="center">65.7 (23)</td>
              <td align="center">34.3 (12)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">36 (22)</td>
              <td align="center">64 (39)</td>
              <td align="center">44.3 (27)</td>
              <td align="center">55.7(34)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Marital status</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">With a partner</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">30.9 (17)</td>
              <td align="center">69.1 (38)</td>
              <td align="center">52.7 (29)</td>
              <td align="center">47.3 (26)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without a partner</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">31.7 (13)</td>
              <td align="center">68.3 (28)</td>
              <td align="center">52.2 (21)</td>
              <td align="center">48.8 (20)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">30.8 (8)</td>
              <td align="center">69.2 (18)</td>
              <td align="center">46.2 (12)</td>
              <td align="center">53.8 (14)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">31.5 (22)</td>
              <td align="center">68.5 (48)</td>
              <td align="center">54.3 (38)</td>
              <td align="center">45.7 (32)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dyslipidemia</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">34.5 (10)</td>
              <td align="center">65.5 (19)</td>
              <td align="center">48.3(14)</td>
              <td align="center">51.7 (15)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">29.9 (20)</td>
              <td align="center">70.1 (47)</td>
              <td align="center"> 53.7 (36)</td>
              <td align="center">46.3 (31)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Education level<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">+</xref></sup></td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">0 - 9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">22.7 (12)</td>
              <td align="center">77.3 (41)</td>
              <td align="center">51.5 (31)</td>
              <td align="center">41.5 (22)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&gt; 9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">41.9 (18)</td>
              <td align="center">58.1 (25)</td>
              <td align="center">44.2 (19)</td>
              <td align="center">55.8 (24)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Self-reported ethnicity</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">White</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">49.8 (11)</td>
              <td align="center">59.2 (16)</td>
              <td align="center">48.1 (13)</td>
              <td align="center">51.9 (14)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Non-White</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">27.5(19)</td>
              <td align="center">72.5 (50)</td>
              <td align="center">53.6 (37)</td>
              <td align="center">46.4 (32)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Number of medications<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></sup></td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Mean &#177; SD</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">33.3(4)</td>
              <td align="center">66.7(8)</td>
              <td align="center">8.3 (1)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></sup></td>
              <td align="center">91.7 (11)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Resistant hypertension<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">+</xref></sup></td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">33.3(4)</td>
              <td align="center">66.7(8)</td>
              <td align="center">8.3 (1)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></sup></td>
              <td align="center">91.7 (11)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">31 (26)</td>
              <td align="center">69 (58)</td>
              <td align="center">58.3 (49)</td>
              <td align="center">41.7 (35)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Time after the Rehot</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Mean</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">19&#177;8.2</td>
              <td align="center">19.1&#177;8.6</td>
              <td align="center">18.3&#177;8.3</td>
              <td align="center">19.9&#177;8.5</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>Signific&#226;ncia:</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>p &lt; 0,05 -</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>+</label>
            <p>p = 0,05</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Overall, 52.1% (n = 50) of the 96 patients evaluated in the present study were identified as having controlled hypertension (&lt; 130 x 80 mmHg) when assessed by 24-hour ABPM. The corresponding rate of BP control at the end of the ReHOT trial was 79.2% (n = 76).</p>
      <p>Taking into consideration other ABPM measures, we found that 64.6% (n = 62) of the patients had no ND, 23% (n = 22) had WCE, and 12.5% (n = 12) had a false BP control (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Association between blood pressure control measured in the office versus ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and adherence to treatment, as measured by the Morisky and Green questionnaire validated by Bloch et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
					</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">CONTROL OFFICE BP</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2">
							</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3">ADHERENCE AND MORISKY AND GREEN</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">No</td>
              <td align="center">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">Total</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">Control 24-h ABPM</td>
              <td align="center">No</td>
              <td align="center">23</td>
              <td align="center">11</td>
              <td align="center">34</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">16</td>
              <td align="center">6</td>
              <td align="center">22</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total</td>
              <td align="center">46</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">39</td>
              <td align="center">17</td>
              <td align="center">56</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">Control 24-h ABPM</td>
              <td align="center">No</td>
              <td align="center">9</td>
              <td align="center">3</td>
              <td align="center">12</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">18</td>
              <td align="center">10</td>
              <td align="center">28</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total</td>
              <td align="center">50</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">27</td>
              <td align="center">13</td>
              <td align="center">40</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">66</td>
              <td align="center">30</td>
              <td align="center">96</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <p>ABPM: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring; BP: Blood Pressure.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Of the 96 patients who completed the study, only 31.3% (n = 30) had treatment adherence according to the MMAS. An analysis of the association between adherence and ABPM values showed that 16.7% (n = 16) had treatment adherence and BP control, while 14.6% (n = 14) had treatment adherence but no BP control. Regarding lack of treatment adherence, 35.4% (n = 34) of the patients failed to achieve BP control and 33.3% (n = 32) failed to show treatment adherence, despite presenting BP control when assessed with the ABPM (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Association between blood pressure control, assessed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and adherence to treatment, measured with the Morisky and Green questionnaire validated by Bloch et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
					</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">
							</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2">Blood pressure control assessed by ABPM<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</th>
              <th align="center">
							</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">No</td>
              <td align="center">Total</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">%</td>
              <td align="center">%</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">With adherence</td>
              <td align="center">16.7(16)</td>
              <td align="center">14.6(14)</td>
              <td align="center">31.3 (30)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without adherence</td>
              <td align="center">35.4(34)</td>
              <td align="center">33.3(32)</td>
              <td align="center">68.7 (66)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total</td>
              <td align="center">52.1 (50)</td>
              <td align="center">47.9 (46)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN5">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Blood pressure control assessed by the ABPM: 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>When we evaluated the results of the questionnaire by subgroup of patients, we identified that among 12 patients regarded as having a false control, 75% (n = 9) had well-controlled office BP but lacked control when the BP was assessed by ABPM. In another subgroup comprising patients with resistant hypertension, we observed that 91.6% (n = 11) of the patients lacked control when their BP levels were assessed with ABPM and 66.7% (n = 8) were non-adherent (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>).</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref> shows the relationship between the factors considered influential on treatment adherence and the groups of patients according to adherence and BP control by ABPM. We observed that the female sex was the most prevalent in all groups (G0, G1, G2, and G3) and that the average age differed among the groups and was higher in G3 (56.19 &#177; 9.0 years). Most patients in each group were non-whites, were smokers or alcoholics, had a partner, and had no diabetes, dyslipidemia, or hypertension. The average number of prescribed medications was greater in G2 (2.92 &#177; 0.83). Group G0 had more patients with resistant hypertension (p = 0.012) and a longer mean follow-up after the ReHOT trial (20.4 &#177; 9.2 months). The education level differed between the two first groups (G0 and G1), in which most patients received education for up to 9 years, and the last two groups (G2 and G3), in which the patients received education for more than 9 years.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>General characteristics of the patients who participated in the cross-sectional study divided by groups</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">
							</th>
              <th align="center">G0 Without adherence / <break/>Without control</th>
              <th align="center">G1 Without adherence / <break/>With control</th>
              <th align="center">G2 With adherence / <break/>Without control</th>
              <th align="center">G3 With adherence / <break/>With control</th>
              <th align="center">Total</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>% (n)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>% (n)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>% (n)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>% (n)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>% (n)</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sex</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">33.3 (18)</td>
              <td align="center">38.9 (21)</td>
              <td align="center">13 (7)</td>
              <td align="center">14.8 (8)</td>
              <td align="center">56.3 (54)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">33.3 (14)</td>
              <td align="center">31 (13)</td>
              <td align="center">16.7 (7)</td>
              <td align="center">19 (8)</td>
              <td align="center">43.8(42)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Age in years</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">Mean</td>
              <td align="center">51.9&#177; 11.1</td>
              <td align="center">53.8 &#177;9.5</td>
              <td align="center">55.7&#177;9.9</td>
              <td align="center">56.19&#177;9.0</td>
              <td align="center">53.8&#177;10</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Smoking</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">35.3(6)</td>
              <td align="center">47.1 (8)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">17.6 (3)</td>
              <td align="center">17.7 (17)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">32.9 (26)</td>
              <td align="center">32.9 (26)</td>
              <td align="center">17.7 (14)</td>
              <td align="center">16.5 (13)</td>
              <td align="center">82.3 (79)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Alcoholism</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">31.4 (11)</td>
              <td align="center">45.7 (16)</td>
              <td align="center">2.9 (1)</td>
              <td align="center">20 (7)</td>
              <td align="center">36.5 (35)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">34.4 (21)</td>
              <td align="center">29.5 (18)</td>
              <td align="center">21.3 (13)</td>
              <td align="center">14.8 (9)</td>
              <td align="center">63.5 (61)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Marital status</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">With a partner</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">32.7 (18)</td>
              <td align="center">36.4 (20)</td>
              <td align="center">14.5 (8)</td>
              <td align="center">16.4 (9)</td>
              <td align="center">57.3 (55)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without a partner</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">34.1 (14)</td>
              <td align="center">34.1 (14)</td>
              <td align="center">14.6 (6)</td>
              <td align="center">17.1 (7)</td>
              <td align="center">42.7 (41)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Diabetes</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">34.6(9)</td>
              <td align="center">34.6 (9)</td>
              <td align="center">19.2 (5)</td>
              <td align="center">11.5 (3)</td>
              <td align="center">27.1 (26)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">32.9 (23)</td>
              <td align="center">35.7 (25)</td>
              <td align="center">12.9 (9)</td>
              <td align="center">18.6 (13)</td>
              <td align="center">72.9 (70)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Dyslipidemia</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">34.5 (10)</td>
              <td align="center">31 (9)</td>
              <td align="center">17.2 (5)</td>
              <td align="center">17.2 (5)</td>
              <td align="center">30.2 (29)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">32.8 (22)</td>
              <td align="center">37.3(25)</td>
              <td align="center">13.4 (9)</td>
              <td align="center">16.4 (11)</td>
              <td align="center">69.8 (67)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Education level</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">0 - 9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">32.1 (17)</td>
              <td align="center">45.3 (24)</td>
              <td align="center">9.4 (5)</td>
              <td align="center">13.2 (7)</td>
              <td align="center">55.2 (53)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&gt; 9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">34.9 (15)</td>
              <td align="center">23.2 (10)</td>
              <td align="center">20.9 (9)</td>
              <td align="center">20.9 (9)</td>
              <td align="center">44.8 (43)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Self-reported ethnicity</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">White</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">33.3 (9)</td>
              <td align="center">25.9 (7)</td>
              <td align="center">18.5 (5)</td>
              <td align="center">22.2 (6)</td>
              <td align="center">28.1 (27)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Non-White</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">33.3 (23)</td>
              <td align="center">39.1 (27)</td>
              <td align="center">13 (9)</td>
              <td align="center">14.5 (10)</td>
              <td align="center">71.9 (69)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Number of medications</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">Mean</td>
              <td align="center">2.78&#177;0.87</td>
              <td align="center">2.5&#177;0.56</td>
              <td align="center">2.92&#177;0.83</td>
              <td align="center">2.31&#177;0.48</td>
              <td align="center">2.62&#177;0.72</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Resistant hypertension<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">*</xref></bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">58.3 (7)</td>
              <td align="center">8.3 (1)</td>
              <td align="center">33.3 (4)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">12.5 (12)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">29.8 (25)</td>
              <td align="center">39.3 (33)</td>
              <td align="center">11.9 (10)</td>
              <td align="center">19 (16)</td>
              <td align="center">87.5 (84)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Time after rehot</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
							</td>
              <td align="center">Mean</td>
              <td align="center">20.4&#177;9.2</td>
              <td align="center">17.8&#177; 8.0</td>
              <td align="center">18.9&#177;7.0</td>
              <td align="center">19.1&#177;9.27</td>
              <td align="center">19.0&#177;8.4</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN6">
            <p>Significance:</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN7">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>p &lt; 0.05</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Even though the rate of adherence was lower than that of non-adherence, most patients (55.2%, n = 53) reported not having problems to remember taking their medications. Regarding treatment interruption, 85.4% (n = 82) and 85.7% (n = 84) reported not stopping their medications when feeling better or worse, respectively (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 5</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t5">
        <label>Table 5</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Association between answers to the Morisky and Green questionnaire validated by Bloch et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> and total adherence according to the questionnaire</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="70%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Questions</th>
              <th align="center">Yes <break/>(n)</th>
              <th align="center">No <break/>(n)</th>
              <th align="center">Adherence <break/>% (n)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">1. Do you sometimes have trouble remembering to take your medication?</td>
              <td align="center">43</td>
              <td align="center">53</td>
              <td align="center">43.4 (23)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2. Do you sometimes neglect to take your medication?</td>
              <td align="center">49</td>
              <td align="center">47</td>
              <td align="center">63.8 (30)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">3. When you are feeling better, do you sometimes stop taking your medication?</td>
              <td align="center">14</td>
              <td align="center">82</td>
              <td align="center">36.6 (30)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">4. If you feel worse when taking the medication, do you sometimes stop taking it?</td>
              <td align="center">12</td>
              <td align="center">84</td>
              <td align="center">23.8 (30)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>A few studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> have correlated some variables with treatment non-adherence and consequently lack of hypertension control, including sex, age, education level, race, marital status, smoking, alcoholism, presence of comorbidities, length of follow-up, and number of medications in use. In this study, education level showed a trend towards being a determinant factor associated with lack of treatment adherence. Although the literature lists education level as being a possible factor in treatment adherence, only a few studies have found a direct association between both. Martins et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> in a study evaluating treatment adherence in hypertensive patients using the MMAS, found no significant association between education level and adherence, although the population in their study comprised mostly individuals with low education level. The small number of individuals evaluated in our study (n = 96) probably influenced this result. This issue is clinically important since it impacts the patient's understanding of the recommendations. Individuals with low education level have greater challenge in understanding medical prescriptions, package inserts, and information communicated by their health care professional.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Another factor described in the literature regarding treatment adherence is the number of prescribed medications. In our study, there was no significant association between the number of medications and treatment adherence, although we found a significant relationship between the number of medications and lack of BP control. The higher the number of medications used, the greater the risk of interactions and adverse reactions, resulting in decreased treatment adherence and, consequently, worse BP control. Therefore, treatment simplification is an important strategy to improve adherence and BP control.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The present study found a significant association between resistant hypertension and BP control assessed by ABPM. Of the 12 patients with resistant hypertension in the cohort, 11 lacked BP control. Of these, eight were considered non-adherent by the MMAS, which brings up an important issue, since by not adhering to the treatment, these patients cannot be considered actually resistant. This imposes a decision to either increase the number of prescribed medications or introduce strategies to improve adherence.</p>
      <p>When we evaluated the influence of factors related to adherence in different groups of patients, resistant hypertension also had a significant association with G0, which comprised patients without control or treatment adherence. A study conducted in 2008 by Bloch et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> used three assessment methods (including the MMAS) to analyze adherence and BP control in patients with resistant hypertension using conventional office measurement and ABPM. These authors observed a decrease in BP measured both by a conventional method and ABPM in patients considered adherent when the BP was measured by any of the methods.</p>
      <p>A correct diagnosis of resistant hypertension must take into account the treatment, adherence to treatment, and BP control since patients without adherence and consequently, lack of BP control may be confused with those with truly resistant hypertension and undergo unnecessary tests and prescription modifications.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> The patients with resistant hypertension in our sample were identified after careful evaluation of BP control using ABPM during the ReHOT trial, when they were appropriately medicated. It is possible that when the trial ended, the patients returned to behave similarly to others in general, decreasing treatment adherence and hypertension control.</p>
      <p>The comparison of studies with patients with resistant hypertension is a difficult task, given that only a few studies consider treatment adherence when evaluating the diagnosis and differentiation of pseudoresistance. Oliveira-Filho et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> in a study to evaluate the adherence of hypertensive patients and identify patients with resistant hypertension, observed that lack of adherence was an important problem among the patients, and more than half of the study patients could have been diagnosed with pseudoresistant hypertension caused by lack of adherence.</p>
      <p>Regarding BP control, we observed that only 52.1% (n = 50) of the patients had controlled hypertension when assessed by ABPM, showing that the control rate decreased soon after participation in the ReHOT trial, when the rate was 79.2% (n = 76). The low control rate found in our study is consistent with other recent studies, including one conducted in 2012 at a primary health care center in Rio Grande do Sul, in which 55.2% of the patients had controlled hypertension assessed by 24-hour ABPM,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> and another study conducted by Guimar&#227;es Filho et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> at a hypertension and diabetes referral center in Goi&#225;s, which found an even lower BP control rate (39.6%) when the BP was measured by a conventional method. These studies suggest that regardless of the method used for BP measurement, the main reason for low BP control rates is the relationship between patients and health care professionals, emphasizing a need for multidisciplinary teams to improve the service provided to hypertensive patients.</p>
      <p>Mori et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> observed a higher rate of hypertension control in patients advised about medication use by a multidisciplinary health care team; awareness was considered a motivation for adherence to the recommendations, demonstrating that education improves clinical response. The interruption of the multidisciplinary care received during the ReHOT trial may have strongly influenced the decrease in BP control rate observed in these patients, since during the trial these patients received in addition to medications, information about their disease and healthy lifestyle habits.</p>
      <p>The adherence rate of 31.3% (n = 30) found in the present study corroborates the findings of the study by Bastos-Barbosa et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> in which the adherence rate of hypertensive patients evaluated by the MMAS was 36%. Of possible factors associated with poor adherence to antihypertensive treatment, access to medications is an important one. However, only the provision of medications does not guarantee that these medications will be used correctly; there is need for a therapeutic follow-up by qualified professionals, particularly for those patients who tend to be non-adherent.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The MMAS is the most commonly used questionnaire to evaluate lack of adherence to pharmacological treatment, due to its feasibility, practical application, and low cost.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Although we are unable to compare the adherence results obtained with the questionnaire with those obtained by pill count, as conducted in the ReHOT, we observed a decrease in the adherence rate when compared with that found during the clinical trial, which was 80%.</p>
      <p>During the ReHOT, the therapeutic regimen was standardized, and treatment adherence was verified during study appointments. The patients were also instructed about medication use and possible adverse events by pharmacists who were part of the team. Even though the patients continued to receive most medications free of charge from the Popular Pharmacy Program, their return to the conventional health care system may have weakened the relationship established during the ReHOT trial, causing the adherence rates to decrease.</p>
      <p>According to a systematic review published in 2014 by Matthes et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> effective measures to improve adherence include the provision of information (positive and negative) to the patients regarding their disease and treatment, active integration of the patients, as well as consideration of factors that affect adherence in general and personal possibilities and needs.</p>
      <p>When we considered other measures evaluated with the ABPM, we found a 23% (n = 22) frequency of WCE. According to the Department of Hypertension (DHA) of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> WCE is one of the causes of pseudoresistance and ABPM is an important tool to establish its diagnosis. This fact emphasizes the importance of measuring BP by ABPM to identify these patients, thus preventing them from being wrongfully characterized.</p>
      <p>As in other studies,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> we observed no direct association between adherence to antihypertensive treatment, as measured by the MMAS, and controlled BP, assessed by 24-hour ABPM. Although the questionnaire failed to show a good performance in general, it identified one-third of the patients as being adherent to the therapy. Furthermore, the results showed that in patients' subgroups, the questionnaire had the ability to correlate the occurrence of uncontrolled BP with a negative attitude towards the use of the antihypertensive medications. They also demonstrate that patients with hypertension require routine use of methods to measure adherence, such as the MMAS, and ABPM assessments. Without these measures in combination, patients like these could be considered as having well-controlled hypertension and continue with elevated BP levels and increased risk of cardiovascular events. Alternatively, patients with resistant hypertension would have their medications doses or amounts increased without need, resulting in unnecessary costs and adverse effects.</p>
      <p>The results of this study suggest that the association of a method evaluating adherence with another assessing BP levels outside the office to evaluate the control of hypertension would help the health care system improve the identification of patients who require greater attention to achieve their control goals. Considering the possible challenges in implementing such methods in the health care system, these assessments could be initiated in small groups. Hypertensive patients with well-controlled office BP who are classified as non-adherent to treatment, for example, would be the group of first choice for evaluation with ABPM.</p>
      <p>Although this study used two different methods to compare patients' adherence at two time points, the comparison of the BP control by ABPM at both moments was standardized and showed worse BP control in parallel with decreased adherence. Although the loss of 13 (11.9%) of the 109 patients who concluded the ReHOT trial was small, it may have influenced the lack of significance found in the analysis of some variables such as education level, which showed a borderline significance.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>The results of this study show a reduction in BP control rates measured by ABPM and adherence to hypertension treatment assessed with the MMAS with at least 6 months of participation in the ReHOT clinical trial. Regarding the factors associated with treatment adherence, education level showed a trend towards being a determining factor. Resistant hypertension and the number of prescribed medications had no significant association with the BP measured by ABPM. When we analyzed the same factors by patient group, we found that resistant hypertension also had a significant association with G0. The results also suggest that there is a need in the health care system of implementation of means to determine the patients' adherence to pharmacological treatment in combination with a method to measure the BP outside the office. The combination of these two assessments would allow a the diagnosis of hypertensive situation identifying whether or not it is controlled of hypertensive patients and development of strategies to improve BP control.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Nathalia Silva de Jesus, from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia; Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o; Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. [VI Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension]. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;95(1 Suppl):1-51. Erratum in: Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;95(4):553.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</collab>
            <collab>Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o</collab>
            <collab>Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>VI Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>95</volume>
          <supplement>1 Suppl</supplement>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>51</lpage>
          <comment>Erratum in: Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;95(4):553</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Forouzanfar MH, Alexander L, Anderson HR, Bachman VF, Biryukov S, Brauer M, et al; GBD 2013 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;386(10010):2287-323.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Forouzanfar</surname>
              <given-names>MH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Alexander</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Anderson</surname>
              <given-names>HR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bachman</surname>
              <given-names>VF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Biryukov</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brauer</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>GBD 2013 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>386</volume>
          <issue>10010</issue>
          <fpage>2287</fpage>
          <lpage>2323</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. 2013 Practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC): ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2013;31(10):1925-38.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2013 Practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC): ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension</article-title>
          <source>J Hypertens</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>31</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>1925</fpage>
          <lpage>1938</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Andrade SS, Malta DC, Iser BM, Sampaio PC, de Moura L. Prevalence of self-reported arterial hypertension in Brazilian capitals in 2011 and analysis of its trends in the period between 2006 and 2011. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2014;17 Suppl 1:215-26.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Andrade</surname>
              <given-names>SS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Malta</surname>
              <given-names>DC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Iser</surname>
              <given-names>BM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sampaio</surname>
              <given-names>PC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>de Moura</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prevalence of self-reported arterial hypertension in Brazilian capitals in 2011 and analysis of its trends in the period between 2006 and 2011</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Epidemiol</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>17</volume>
          <supplement>Suppl 1</supplement>
          <fpage>215</fpage>
          <lpage>226</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 da Silva TL, Klein CH, Nogueira Ada R, Salis LH, de Souza e Silva NA, Bloch KV. Cardiovascular mortality among a cohort of hypertensive and normotensives in Rio de Janeiro - Brazil - 1991-2009. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:623.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>da Silva</surname>
              <given-names>TL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Klein</surname>
              <given-names>CH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nogueira Ada</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Salis</surname>
              <given-names>LH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>de Souza e Silva</surname>
              <given-names>NA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bloch</surname>
              <given-names>KV</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiovascular mortality among a cohort of hypertensive and normotensives in Rio de Janeiro - Brazil - 1991-2009</article-title>
          <source>BMC Public Health</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>15</volume>
          <fpage>623</fpage>
          <lpage>623</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6 Souza CS, Stein AT, Bastos GA, Pellanda LC. Blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in the "Hiperdia Program": a territory-based study. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014;102(6):571-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Souza</surname>
              <given-names>CS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Stein</surname>
              <given-names>AT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bastos</surname>
              <given-names>GA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pellanda</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in the "Hiperdia Program": a territory-based study</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>102</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>571</fpage>
          <lpage>578</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7 Borges JW, Moreira TM, Rodrigues MT, de Oliveira CJ. [The use of validated questionnaires to measure adherence to arterial hypertension treatments: an integrative review]. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2012;46(2):487-94.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Borges</surname>
              <given-names>JW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moreira</surname>
              <given-names>TM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
              <given-names>MT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>de Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>CJ</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The use of validated questionnaires to measure adherence to arterial hypertension treatments: an integrative review</article-title>
          <source>Rev Esc Enferm USP</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>46</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>487</fpage>
          <lpage>494</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8 Borges JW, Moreira TM, Rodrigues MT, Souza AC, da Silva DB. [Content validation of the dimensions constituting non-adherence to treatment of arterial hypertension]. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2013;47(5):1077-83.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Borges</surname>
              <given-names>JW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moreira</surname>
              <given-names>TM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
              <given-names>MT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Souza</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>da Silva</surname>
              <given-names>DB</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Content validation of the dimensions constituting non-adherence to treatment of arterial hypertension</article-title>
          <source>Rev Esc Enferm USP</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>47</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>1077</fpage>
          <lpage>1083</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9 Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD, et al; American Heart Association Professional Education Committee. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. American Heart Association Professional Education Committee. Circulation. 2008;117(25):e510-26.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Calhoun</surname>
              <given-names>DA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jones</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Textor</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Goff</surname>
              <given-names>DC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Murphy</surname>
              <given-names>TP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Toto</surname>
              <given-names>RD</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
            <collab>American Heart Association Professional Education Committee</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. American Heart Association Professional Education Committee</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>25</issue>
          <fpage>e510</fpage>
          <lpage>e526</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10 Krieger EM, Drager LF, Giorgi DM, Krieger JE, Pereira AC, Barreto-Filho JA, et al; ReHOT Investigators. Resistant hypertension optimal treatment trial: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Cardiol. 2014;37(1):1-6. Erratum in: Clin Cardiol. 2014;37(6):388.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Krieger</surname>
              <given-names>EM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Drager</surname>
              <given-names>LF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Giorgi</surname>
              <given-names>DM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Krieger</surname>
              <given-names>JE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pereira</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barreto-Filho</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <collab>ReHOT Investigators</collab>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Resistant hypertension optimal treatment trial: a randomized controlled trial</article-title>
          <comment>nullErratum in Clin Cardiol. 2014;37(6):388.</comment>
          <source>Clin Cardiol</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>37</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>6</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11 Borges JW, Moreira TM, Souza AC, Rodrigues MT, Oliveira CJ, Sousa AS. M&#233;todos indiretos de avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o ao tratamento da hipertens&#227;o: Revis&#227;o integrativa. Rev enferm UFPE on line. 2014;8(supl. 3):4131-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Borges</surname>
              <given-names>JW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moreira</surname>
              <given-names>TM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Souza</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
              <given-names>MT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>CJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sousa</surname>
              <given-names>AS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>M&#233;todos indiretos de avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o ao tratamento da hipertens&#227;o: Revis&#227;o integrativa</article-title>
          <source>Rev enferm UFPE</source>
          <comment>on line</comment>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <supplement>supl. 3</supplement>
          <fpage>4131</fpage>
          <lpage>4138</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12 Morisky DE, Green LW, Levine DM. Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence. Med Care. 1986;24(1):67-74.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Morisky</surname>
              <given-names>DE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Green</surname>
              <given-names>LW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Levine</surname>
              <given-names>DM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence</article-title>
          <source>Med Care</source>
          <year>1986</year>
          <volume>24</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>67</fpage>
          <lpage>74</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>13 Bastos-Barbosa RG, Ferriolli E, Moriguti JC, Nogueira CB, Nobre F, Ueta J, et al. Treatment adherence and blood pressure control in older individuals with hypertension. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;99(1):636-41.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bastos-Barbosa</surname>
              <given-names>RG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ferriolli</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moriguti</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nogueira</surname>
              <given-names>CB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nobre</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ueta</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Treatment adherence and blood pressure control in older individuals with hypertension</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>99</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>636</fpage>
          <lpage>641</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>14 Vaz-de-Melo RO, Toledo JC, Loureiro AA, Cipullo JP, Moreno J&#250;nior H, Martin JF. [Absence of nocturnal dipping is associated with stroke and myocardium infarction]. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;94(1):79-85.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Vaz-de-Melo</surname>
              <given-names>RO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Toledo</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Loureiro</surname>
              <given-names>AA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cipullo</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moreno</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
              <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martin</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Absence of nocturnal dipping is associated with stroke and myocardium infarction</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>94</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>79</fpage>
          <lpage>85</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>15 Bloch KV, Melo AN, Nogueira AR. Prevalence of anti-hypertensive treatment adherence in patients with resistant hypertension and validation of three indirect methods for assessing treatment adherence. Cad Saude Publica. 2008;(12):2979-84.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bloch</surname>
              <given-names>KV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Melo</surname>
              <given-names>AN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nogueira</surname>
              <given-names>AR</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prevalence of anti-hypertensive treatment adherence in patients with resistant hypertension and validation of three indirect methods for assessing treatment adherence</article-title>
          <source>Cad Saude Publica</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>2979</fpage>
          <lpage>2984</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>16 Dosse C, Cesarino CB, Martin JF, Castedo MC. Factors associated to patients' noncompliance with hypertension treatment. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2009;17(2):201-6.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Dosse</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cesarino</surname>
              <given-names>CB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martin</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Castedo</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Factors associated to patients' noncompliance with hypertension treatment</article-title>
          <source>Rev Lat Am Enfermagem</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>17</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>201</fpage>
          <lpage>206</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation>17 Santa Helena ET, Nemes MI, Eluf-Neto J. [Development and validation of a multidimensional questionnaire assessing non-adherence to medicines]. Rev Saude Publica. 2008;42(4):764-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Santa Helena</surname>
              <given-names>ET</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nemes</surname>
              <given-names>MI</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Eluf-Neto</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Development and validation of a multidimensional questionnaire assessing non-adherence to medicines</article-title>
          <source>Rev Saude Publica</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>42</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>764</fpage>
          <lpage>767</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation>18 Demoner MS, Ramos ER, Pereira ER. Factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive treatment in a primary care unit. Acta Paul Enferm. 2012;25(N&#250;mero Especial 1):27-34.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Demoner</surname>
              <given-names>MS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ramos</surname>
              <given-names>ER</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pereira</surname>
              <given-names>ER</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive treatment in a primary care unit</article-title>
          <source>Acta Paul Enferm</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>25</volume>
          <issue>N&#250;mero Especial 1</issue>
          <fpage>27</fpage>
          <lpage>34</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation>19 Martins AG, Chavaglia SR, Ohl RI, Martins IM, Gamba MA. Compliance with outpatient clinical treatment of hypertension. Acta Paul Enferm. 2014;27(3):266-72.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Martins</surname>
              <given-names>AG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chavaglia</surname>
              <given-names>SR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ohl</surname>
              <given-names>RI</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martins</surname>
              <given-names>IM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gamba</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Compliance with outpatient clinical treatment of hypertension</article-title>
          <source>Acta Paul Enferm</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>27</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>266</fpage>
          <lpage>272</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation>20 Grezzana GB, Stein AT, Pellanda LC. Blood pressure treatment adherence and control through 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2013;100(4):335-61.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Grezzana</surname>
              <given-names>GB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Stein</surname>
              <given-names>AT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pellanda</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Blood pressure treatment adherence and control through 24-hour ambulatory monitoring</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>100</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>335</fpage>
          <lpage>361</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation>21 Oliveira-Filho AD, Leandro AK, Almeida MQ, Lyra Junior DP, Neves SJ. Hipertens&#227;o pseudo-resistente causada por baixa ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica. Rev Ci&#234;nc Farm B&#225;sica Apl. 2015;36(1):97-102.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira-Filho</surname>
              <given-names>AD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leandro</surname>
              <given-names>AK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Almeida</surname>
              <given-names>MQ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lyra</surname>
              <given-names>DP</given-names>
              <suffix>Junior</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Neves</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Hipertens&#227;o pseudo-resistente causada por baixa ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica</article-title>
          <source>Rev Ci&#234;nc Farm B&#225;sica Apl</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>36</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>97</fpage>
          <lpage>102</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation>22 Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa AL, Jardim Tde S, Souza WS, Jardim PC. Progression of blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients in a reference center. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2015;104(4):292-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
              <given-names>GC</given-names>
              <suffix>Filho</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sousa</surname>
              <given-names>AL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jardim Tde</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Souza</surname>
              <given-names>WS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jardim</surname>
              <given-names>PC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Progression of blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients in a reference center</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>104</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>292</fpage>
          <lpage>298</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation>23 Mori AL, Heimann JC, D&#243;rea EL, Bernik MM, Storpirtis S. Pharmaceutic guidance to hypertensive patients at USP University Hospital: effect on adherence to treatment. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2010;46(2):354-62.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mori</surname>
              <given-names>AL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Heimann</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>D&#243;rea</surname>
              <given-names>EL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bernik</surname>
              <given-names>MM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Storpirtis</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Pharmaceutic guidance to hypertensive patients at USP University Hospital: effect on adherence to treatment</article-title>
          <source>Braz J Pharm Sci</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>46</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>354</fpage>
          <lpage>362</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation>24 Remondi FA, Cabrera MA, Souza RK. [Non-adherence to continuous treatment and associated factors: prevalence and determinants in adults 40 years and older]. Cad Saude Publica. 2014;30(1):126-36.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Remondi</surname>
              <given-names>FA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cabrera</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Souza</surname>
              <given-names>RK</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Non-adherence to continuous treatment and associated factors: prevalence and determinants in adults 40 years and older</article-title>
          <source>Cad Saude Publica</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>30</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>126</fpage>
          <lpage>136</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation>25 Matthes J, Albus C. Improving adherence with medication: a selective literature review based on the example of hypertension treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014;111(4):41-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Matthes</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Albus</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Improving adherence with medication: a selective literature review based on the example of hypertension treatment</article-title>
          <source>Dtsch Arztebl Int</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>111</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>41</fpage>
          <lpage>47</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation>26 Alessi A, Brand&#227;o AA, Coca A, Cordeiro AC, Nogueira AR, Di&#243;genes de Magalh&#227;es F, et al. First Brazilian position on resistant hypertension. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;99(1):576-85. Erratum in: Arq Bras Cardiol. 2013;100(3):304.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Alessi</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
              <given-names>AA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Coca</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cordeiro</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nogueira</surname>
              <given-names>AR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Di&#243;genes de Magalh&#227;es</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>First Brazilian position on resistant hypertension</article-title>
          <comment>nullErratum in Arq Bras Cardiol. 2013;100(3):304.</comment>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>99</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>576</fpage>
          <lpage>585</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Ades&#227;o ao Tratamento e Controle da Press&#227;o Arterial ap&#243;s Participa&#231;&#227;o no ReHOT</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jesus</surname>
            <given-names>Nath&#225;lia Silva de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nogueira</surname>
            <given-names>Armando da Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pachu</surname>
            <given-names>Cacilda Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Luiz</surname>
            <given-names>Ronir Raggio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Glaucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Estudos em Sa&#250;de Coletiva, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</bold>, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, n&#186; 255 / 8&#186; andar - Ilha do Fund&#227;o. CEP 21941-913, Rio de Janeiro, RJ -Brasil. E-mail: <email>glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com</email>; <email>glauciam@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Jesus NS, Nogueira AR, Pachu CO, Luiz RR, Oliveira GMM; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Jesus NS, Pachu CO, Luiz RR, Oliveira GMM; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Jesus NS, Nogueira AR, Pachu CO, Oliveira GMM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A falta de ades&#227;o ao tratamento medicamentoso da hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS) &#233; uma das principais causas das baixas taxas de controle da doen&#231;a.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Verificar a ades&#227;o e fatores relacionados a ela, al&#233;m do controle press&#243;rico de pacientes que participaram do ensaio cl&#237;nico <italic>Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment</italic> (ReHOT).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todo:</title>
          <p>Estudo transversal que incluiu todos os 109 pacientes que conclu&#237;ram o ReHOT h&#225; pelo menos 6 meses. Foram exclu&#237;dos aqueles que n&#227;o responderam ao novo recrutamento ap&#243;s tr&#234;s tentativas de contato telef&#244;nico. Foi realizada avalia&#231;&#227;o do controle press&#243;rico atrav&#233;s de monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da press&#227;o arterial (MAPA; PA controlada: press&#227;o arterial [PA] sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica de 24 horas &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg) e avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o atrav&#233;s de respostas ao question&#225;rio <italic>Morisky Medication Adherence Scale</italic> (MMAS) validado por Bloch, Melo e Nogueira (2008). A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada com o programa IBM SPSS statistics 21.0. Para verificar a normalidade da distribui&#231;&#227;o dos dados, utilizamos testes de curtose e assimetria. As vari&#225;veis relacionadas ao objeto de estudo s&#227;o apresentadas por meio de estat&#237;stica descritiva. Compara&#231;&#245;es entre a ades&#227;o ao tratamento e demais vari&#225;veis foi realizada com o teste <italic>t</italic> de Student para vari&#225;veis independentes e teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher. Para a an&#225;lise entre pacientes considerando a ades&#227;o ao tratamento e controle da PA, foram criados quatro grupos: G0, G1, G2 e G3. Em todos os testes estat&#237;sticos consideramos um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Durante o ReHOT, 80% dos pacientes apresentaram controle press&#243;rico e ades&#227;o ao tratamento. Do total de 96 pacientes reavaliados, apenas 52,1% foram identificados como tendo HAS controlada atrav&#233;s da avalia&#231;&#227;o da MAPA e 31,3% apresentaram ades&#227;o pelo MMAS. Quando consideradas outras medidas da MAPA, verificou-se que 64,6% dos pacientes n&#227;o apresentavam descenso noturno e 23% e 12,5% apresentavam efeito do avental branco e falso controle da PA, respectivamente. A escolaridade apresentou tend&#234;ncia a ser um fator determinante de falta de ades&#227;o (p = 0,05). O n&#250;mero de medicamentos e a HAS resistente (HAR) tiveram uma rela&#231;&#227;o significativa com o controle da PA medida por MAPA (p = 0,009 e p = 0,001, respectivamente). A HAR teve rela&#231;&#227;o significativa com o grupo G0 (sem controle e sem ades&#227;o, p = 0,012).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Houve redu&#231;&#227;o do controle da PA e da ades&#227;o pelo MMAS ap&#243;s pelo menos 6 meses de participa&#231;&#227;o no ensaio cl&#237;nico ReHOT.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Ades&#227;o a Medica&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Ensaio Cl&#237;nico</kwd>
        <kwd>Anti-Hipertensivos</kwd>
        <kwd>Inqu&#233;ritos e Question&#225;rios</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares representam uma das principais causas de mortalidade no mundo e t&#234;m a hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS) como um dos fatores de risco de maior preval&#234;ncia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Segundo o <italic>Global Burden of Disease</italic> que avaliou a carga global de doen&#231;as em 188 pa&#237;ses, entre 1990-2013 a HAS foi o segundo mais importante fator de risco identific&#225;vel, respons&#225;vel por 10,4 milh&#245;es de mortes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A HAS tem alta preval&#234;ncia no mundo, afetando cerca de 30 a 45% da popula&#231;&#227;o em geral e aumentando acentuadamente com o envelhecimento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> No Brasil a frequ&#234;ncia de adultos que relataram por contato telef&#244;nico terem recebido diagn&#243;stico de HAS foi de 15,2% em Palmas e 30,7% no Rio de Janeiro.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Um estudo realizado na Ilha do Governador (Rio de Janeiro) entre 1999 e 2009 para avaliar a mortalidade cardiovascular em hipertensos encontrou um risco de morte cardiovascular tr&#234;s vezes maior em indiv&#237;duos hipertensos quando comparados a normotensos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Apesar das evid&#234;ncias da efic&#225;cia do tratamento anti-hipertensivo em diminuir a mortalidade e morbidade cardiovascular, os percentuais de controle da press&#227;o arterial (PA) s&#227;o muito baixos. Segundo a VI Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o (VIDBHA), estas taxas variam entre 20% e 40%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> O controle da PA nos hipertensos tem rela&#231;&#227;o direta com a ades&#227;o ao tratamento prescrito, que por sua vez &#233; um dos principais fatores respons&#225;veis pela HAS n&#227;o controlada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>No Brasil, um estudo de revis&#227;o demonstrou taxas de n&#227;o ades&#227;o de 49% no Rio de Janeiro e 25% em S&#227;o Luiz entre 2000 e 2009.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Entre os distintos fatores que interferem neste processo, podemos citar o n&#237;vel socioecon&#244;mico, sexo, idade, escolaridade, complexidade do esquema terap&#234;utico, rela&#231;&#227;o com a equipe de sa&#250;de e aus&#234;ncia de sintomas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> A n&#227;o ades&#227;o ao tratamento n&#227;o deve ser confundida com a hipertens&#227;o arterial resistente (HAR), que &#233; definida como a ocorr&#234;ncia de n&#237;veis de PA acima da meta (&#8805; 140 x 90 mmHg) apesar da utiliza&#231;&#227;o de tr&#234;s anti-hipertensivos de classes diferentes, incluindo um diur&#233;tico em doses ideais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Pacientes com HAR devem ter obrigatoriamente uma boa ades&#227;o ao tratamento, pois a falta de ades&#227;o - denominada pseudorresist&#234;ncia - pode levar &#224; adi&#231;&#227;o desnecess&#225;ria de novos medicamentos ao tratamento.</p>
        <p>Em 2010, foi realizado um ensaio cl&#237;nico multic&#234;ntrico com pacientes hipertensos, o <italic>Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment</italic> (ReHOT),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> com o objetivo de identificar pacientes resistentes e padronizar seus esquemas terap&#234;uticos. Nesse estudo, as taxas de controle da PA e ades&#227;o ao tratamento foram de aproximadamente 80% (dados ainda n&#227;o publicados).</p>
        <p>Os m&#233;todos existentes para avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o ao tratamento podem ser classificados em diretos (como medidas anal&#237;ticas por meio de metab&#243;litos do medicamento ou de marcadores qu&#237;micos de maior perman&#234;ncia no organismo que verificam se o medicamento foi administrado ou tomado na dose e frequ&#234;ncia necess&#225;rias) e indiretos (como a contagem de comprimidos, relat&#243;rio do usu&#225;rio, opini&#227;o do m&#233;dico, comparecimento &#224;s consultas e utiliza&#231;&#227;o de question&#225;rios validados).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Entre esses &#250;ltimos, os mais empregados s&#227;o os question&#225;rios validados, como o teste de Morisky e Green, composto por quatro perguntas (TMG4) para identificar atitudes e comportamentos frente &#224; tomada de medicamentos. Atribui-se um ponto a cada resposta negativa do paciente e aquele que obtiver pontua&#231;&#227;o quatro &#233; caracterizado como tendo tendo ades&#227;o. Pontua&#231;&#245;es iguais ou inferiores a tr&#234;s caracterizam o paciente como n&#227;o tendo ades&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> O TMG4 &#233; considerado um teste de refer&#234;ncia por ser um instrumento simples, validado e de f&#225;cil aplica&#231;&#227;o na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, al&#233;m de ser o teste mais utilizado em estudos para avaliar a ades&#227;o ao tratamento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o ao tratamento &#233; fundamental na elabora&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica e individual. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ades&#227;o ao tratamento, o controle press&#243;rico e os fatores relacionados &#224; n&#227;o ades&#227;o em pacientes com pelo menos 6 meses de participa&#231;&#227;o no ensaio cl&#237;nico ReHOT.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>Estudo transversal realizado entre maio de 2014 e junho de 2015 em uma coorte de hipertensos participantes do ensaio cl&#237;nico ReHOT. Os pacientes selecionados foram recrutados do posto de atendimento m&#233;dico (PAM) Jos&#233; Paranhos Fontenelle, da Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) de Manguinhos e do Hospital Universit&#225;rio Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF). Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo todos os pacientes que conclu&#237;ram o ReHOT e exclu&#237;dos aqueles que ap&#243;s tr&#234;s tentativas de contato telef&#244;nico n&#227;o responderam ao novo recrutamento.</p>
        <p>O ReHOT foi um estudo multic&#234;ntrico prospectivo e randomizado realizado entre maio de 2011 e junho de 2013 em 26 centros no Brasil para identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes hipertensos resistentes e padroniza&#231;&#227;o de esquemas terap&#234;uticos. Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o foram idade entre 18 e 75 anos, PA sist&#243;lica (PAS) &#8805; 160 mmHg e &#8804; 220 mmHg e/ou PA diast&#243;lica (PAD) &#8805; 100 mmHg e matr&#237;cula regular no centro participante. Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram PAS &gt; 220 mmHg, eventos cardiovasculares (acidente vascular cerebral e infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio) ou procedimentos cardiovasculares com menos de 6 meses de evolu&#231;&#227;o, insufici&#234;ncia renal est&#225;gios IV e V, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca classe funcional III e IV, hist&#243;ria de doen&#231;a maligna com expectativa de vida &lt; 2 anos, alcoolismo, doen&#231;as psiqui&#225;tricas, aus&#234;ncia de contracep&#231;&#227;o (se mulher em idade f&#233;rtil), gravidez, arritmias graves, valvopatias, bloqueio atrioventricular (BAV) de 2&#186; e 3&#186; graus sem marca-passo, hipercalemia (&gt; 5,0 mEq/L), hepatopatia grave, doen&#231;a renovascular e hiperaldosteronismo, hist&#243;ria de hipersensibilidade a alguma das drogas inclu&#237;das no protocolo do estudo, exame de fundo de olho com altera&#231;&#245;es grau III e IV, e necessidade de uso de betabloqueadores por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca ou coronariana. O protocolo de pesquisa desta s&#233;rie de estudos foi avaliado e aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica em pesquisa do centro coordenador (INCOR), do HUCFF e pela Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de (SMS). O comit&#234; de &#233;tica em pesquisa do HUCFF aprovou tamb&#233;m uma emenda do protocolo submetida para extens&#227;o do estudo. Todos os participantes assinaram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (protocolo n&#186; 189/09).</p>
        <p>O ReHOT incluiu 1927 indiv&#237;duos distribu&#237;dos entre os 26 centros participantes. No centro do HUCFF, foram recrutados e avaliados 123 indiv&#237;duos com HAS est&#225;gios II e III para estimar a preval&#234;ncia da HAR na primeira fase do ensaio (visitas 0 a 3). Estes pacientes foram tratados por 12 semanas segundo recomenda&#231;&#245;es das Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> (clortalidona 25 mg uma vez ao dia, enalapril 20 mg duas vezes ao dia e anlodipino 5 mg uma vez ao dia, com possibilidade de aumento para duas vezes ao dia). Pacientes com hist&#243;rico de rea&#231;&#227;o adversa ao enalapril, ou que apresentaram rea&#231;&#227;o a esse medicamento durante o ensaio, foram tratados com losartana 50 mg duas vezes ao dia. Todos os pacientes receberam orienta&#231;&#245;es sobre redu&#231;&#227;o no consumo de s&#243;dio e pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica, e foram avaliados por uma equipe multidisciplinar composta por m&#233;dicos, enfermeiros e farmac&#234;uticos. Durante as visitas, a ades&#227;o ao tratamento foi avaliada atrav&#233;s da contagem de medicamentos. Durante o estudo (visitas 1 e 3), foram realizadas medidas da PA, medida ambulatorial da PA (MAPA), eletrocardiograma (ECG), exames laboratoriais de rotina (lipidograma, eletr&#243;litos, fun&#231;&#227;o renal, glicemia e EAS). Na visita 1, foi realizada uma caracteriza&#231;&#227;o fenot&#237;pica especial para identificar os fen&#243;tipos com predom&#237;nio de aumento de atividade do sistema renina-angiotensina (SRA) ou simp&#225;tico, incluindo dosagem urin&#225;ria e plasm&#225;tica de aldosterona e excre&#231;&#227;o de Na+ e K+ em urina de 24 horas, al&#233;m da coleta de sangue para organiza&#231;&#227;o de (soro)genotecas e biotecas. A fase 2 (visitas 4 a 5) teve como principal objetivo avaliar a quarta droga a ser introduzida no esquema terap&#234;utico para controle da HAR. Os pacientes classificados como hipertensos resistentes verdadeiros foram randomizados para tratamento com clonidina 0,100 mg duas vezes ao dia (que poderia ser titulada para 0,200 mg e 0,300 mg duas vezes ao dia) e espironolactona 12,5 mg (que poderia ser titulada para 25 mg e 50 mg). Ap&#243;s 24 semanas, na conclus&#227;o do ensaio na visita 6, todos os exames laboratoriais de rotina, ECG e MAPA foram repetidos para nova avalia&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Dos 123 pacientes que participaram do ensaio cl&#237;nico ReHOT no centro do HUCFF, 109 conclu&#237;ram o estudo, 14 foram exclu&#237;dos durante o ReHOT (tr&#234;s por n&#227;o suportarem o esquema por efeito do avental branco (EAB), tr&#234;s por perda de seguimento, dois por decis&#227;o do pr&#243;prio paciente, dois por decis&#227;o do m&#233;dico, dois por evento adverso n&#227;o relacionado ao uso dos medicamentos e dois por evento adverso relacionado ao uso dos medicamentos). Os 109 pacientes que conclu&#237;ram o ensaio foram recrutados atrav&#233;s de contato telef&#244;nico para nova avalia&#231;&#227;o, dos quais 13 foram exclu&#237;dos ap&#243;s tr&#234;s tentativas de contato sem sucesso. Foram realizadas duas visitas (visitas 1 e 2). Na visita 1, os pacientes passaram por uma consulta m&#233;dica e outra farmac&#234;utica para preenchimento de formul&#225;rios de coleta de dados para identifica&#231;&#227;o de caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas (escolaridade, ra&#231;a, sexo, idade, estado civil e ocupa&#231;&#227;o), comorbidades, tabagismo, alcoolismo, medidas antropom&#233;tricas (peso e altura), uso de medicamentos e medida convencional da PA realizada segundo recomenda&#231;&#245;es da VIDBHA<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> (PA controlada: PAS e PAD &lt; 140 x 90 mmHg) e coloca&#231;&#227;o da MAPA para avalia&#231;&#227;o do controle press&#243;rico (PA controlada: PAS e PAD de 24 horas &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg). A MAPA foi realizada com o aparelho oscilom&#233;trico <italic>Spacelabs Healthcare</italic>, modelo 90207 (equipamentos <italic>ABP Report Management System</italic>, vers&#227;o 3.0.0.9). Foram considerados v&#225;lidos os exames de MAPA que obtiveram 80% das leituras e, quando esse valor n&#227;o era atingido, uma nova MAPA era realizada. A leitura da PA foi feita a cada 15 minutos durante o dia e a cada 20 minutos durante a noite e os par&#226;metros utilizados para an&#225;lise foram a PAD e PAS do resumo da m&#233;dia geral (valores correspondentes ao per&#237;odo de 24 horas). O descenso noturno (DN) foi padronizado como uma queda da PA &#8805; 10% do per&#237;odo de vig&#237;lia para o de sono.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> O EAB foi considerado presente quando um indiv&#237;duo apresentava uma PA medida em consult&#243;rio fora da meta de controle e uma MAPA normal. Por&#233;m, se a PA de consult&#243;rio estivesse controlada, mas durante a MAPA estivesse elevada, o paciente era classificado como tendo um falso controle.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Na visita 2, realizada no dia seguinte &#224; visita 1, os pacientes fizeram a retirada da MAPA e responderam ao question&#225;rio <italic>Morisky Medication Adherence Scale</italic> (MMAS), validado por Bloch et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> para avaliar a ades&#227;o ao tratamento. Pacientes com respostas negativas para todas as perguntas foram considerados como tendo ades&#227;o ao tratamento.</p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada com o programa IBM SPSS 21.0. As vari&#225;veis relacionadas ao objeto de estudo s&#227;o apresentadas por meio de estat&#237;stica descritiva. Para verificar a normalidade da distribui&#231;&#227;o dos dados, realizamos medidas de curtose e assimetria; os dados foram considerados como tendo distribui&#231;&#227;o normal. A compara&#231;&#227;o entre a ades&#227;o ao tratamento e as demais vari&#225;veis foi realizada com o teste <italic>t</italic> de Student para vari&#225;veis independentes, teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson, ou teste exato de Fisher. Em todos os testes estat&#237;sticos, consideramos um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5%.</p>
        <p>Para a an&#225;lise entre pacientes considerando ades&#227;o e controle da PA, n&#243;s criamos quatro grupos: grupo 0 (G0, sem controle e sem ades&#227;o, composto por 32 pacientes), grupo 1 (G1, sem ades&#227;o e com controle, com 34 pacientes), grupo 2 (G2, com ades&#227;o e sem controle, com 14 pacientes e grupo 3 (G3, com ades&#227;o e com controle, com 16 pacientes).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Entre os 96 pacientes inclu&#237;dos no estudo, a maior parte era de ra&#231;a n&#227;o branca. A m&#233;dia de idade foi de 53,9 anos (26-76 anos), 56,2% (n = 54) eram mulheres, 55,2% (n = 53) tinham at&#233; 9 anos de estudo, 57,3% (n = 55) tinham companheiros, 17,7% (n = 17) eram tabagistas, 36,5% (n = 35) eram etilistas, 27,1% (n = 26) eram diab&#233;ticos e 30,2% (n = 29) apresentavam dislipidemia. Todos os pacientes tinham prescri&#231;&#227;o de no m&#237;nimo dois e no m&#225;ximo quatro anti-hipertensivos. Na amostra geral, 45,8% (n = 44) dos pacientes estavam em uso de dois medicamentos, 41,7% (n = 40) de tr&#234;s medicamentos e 11,5% (n = 11) de quatro medicamentos. Apenas um paciente relatou n&#227;o estar em uso de nenhum medicamento por decis&#227;o pr&#243;pria, ainda que sua prescri&#231;&#227;o fosse de quatro medicamentos. No total, 12,5% (n = 12) dos pacientes foram classificados como hipertensos resistentes durante o estudo ReHOT (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 1</xref>). Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos fatores associados &#224; ades&#227;o ao tratamento, a escolaridade teve tend&#234;ncia a ser um fator determinante (p = 0,05). O n&#250;mero de medicamentos e a presen&#231;a de HAR mostraram rela&#231;&#227;o significativa com o controle da PA medida pela MAPA (p = 0,009 e p = 0,001, respectivamente).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas gerais dos participantes do estudo transversal</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">
								</th>
                <th align="center">Com ades&#227;o % (n)</th>
                <th align="center">Sem ades&#227;o % (n)</th>
                <th align="center">Com controle % (n)</th>
                <th align="center">Sem controle %(n)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">28 (15)</td>
                <td align="center">72 (39)</td>
                <td align="center">53,7 (29)</td>
                <td align="center">46,3 (25)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">35,7 (15)</td>
                <td align="center">64,3 (27)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (21)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (21)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade em anos</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">M&#233;dia</td>
                <td align="center">52,92 &#177; 10,3</td>
                <td align="center">55,97&#177; 9,29</td>
                <td align="center">54,6 &#177; 9,3</td>
                <td align="center">53,09 &#177; 10,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tabagismo</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">17,6 (3)</td>
                <td align="center">82,3 (14)</td>
                <td align="center">64,7 (11)</td>
                <td align="center">35,5(6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">34,2 (27)</td>
                <td align="center">65,8 (52)</td>
                <td align="center">49,4 (39)</td>
                <td align="center">50,6 (40)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Alcoolismo</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">22,9 (8)</td>
                <td align="center">77,1 (27)</td>
                <td align="center">65,7 (23)</td>
                <td align="center">34,3 (12)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">36 (22)</td>
                <td align="center">64 (39)</td>
                <td align="center">44,3 (27)</td>
                <td align="center">55,7(34)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Estado civil</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Com companheiro</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">30,9 (17)</td>
                <td align="center">69,1 (38)</td>
                <td align="center">52,7 (29)</td>
                <td align="center">47,3 (26)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem companheiro</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">31,7 (13)</td>
                <td align="center">68,3 (28)</td>
                <td align="center">52,2 (21)</td>
                <td align="center">48,8 (20)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">30,8 (8)</td>
                <td align="center">69,2 (18)</td>
                <td align="center">46,2 (12)</td>
                <td align="center">53,8 (14)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">31,5 (22)</td>
                <td align="center">68,5 (48)</td>
                <td align="center">54,3 (38)</td>
                <td align="center">45,7 (32)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">34,5 (10)</td>
                <td align="center">65,5 (19)</td>
                <td align="center">48,3(14)</td>
                <td align="center">51,7 (15)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">29,9 (20)</td>
                <td align="center">70,1 (47)</td>
                <td align="center"> 53,7 (36)</td>
                <td align="center">46,3 (31)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escolaridade<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">+</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">0 - 9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">22,7 (12)</td>
                <td align="center">77,3 (41)</td>
                <td align="center">51,5 (31)</td>
                <td align="center">41,5 (22)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; 9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center"> 41,9 (18)</td>
                <td align="center">58,1 (25)</td>
                <td align="center">44,2 (19)</td>
                <td align="center">55,8 (24)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Etnia Autorreferida</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Branca</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">49,8 (11)</td>
                <td align="center">59,2 (16)</td>
                <td align="center">48,1 (13)</td>
                <td align="center">51,9 (14)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o Branca</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">27,5(19)</td>
                <td align="center">72,5 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">53,6 (37)</td>
                <td align="center">46,4 (32)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero de Medicamentos<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">M&#233;dia&#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">33,3(4)</td>
                <td align="center">66,7(8)</td>
                <td align="center">8,3 (1)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">91,7 (11)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o resistente<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">+</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">33,3(4)</td>
                <td align="center">66,7(8)</td>
                <td align="center">8,3 (1)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">91,7 (11)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">31 (26)</td>
                <td align="center">69 (58)</td>
                <td align="center">58,3 (49)</td>
                <td align="center">41,7 (35)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo ap&#243;s o ReHOT</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">M&#233;dia</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">19&#177;8,2</td>
                <td align="center">19,1&#177;8,6</td>
                <td align="center">18,3&#177;8,3</td>
                <td align="center">19,9&#177;8,5</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <p>Signific&#226;ncia:</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN9">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0,05 -</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN10">
              <label>+</label>
              <p>p = 0,05</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Ao todo, 52,1% (n = 50) dos 96 pacientes avaliados no presente estudo foram identificados como tendo HAS controlada (&lt; 130 x 80 mmHg) pelas medidas de MAPA de 24 horas. Ao final do ReHOT, esta taxa de controle da PA foi de 79,2% (n = 76).</p>
        <p>Quando consideramos as outras medidas da MAPA, encontramos que 64,6% (n = 62) dos pacientes apresentaram aus&#234;ncia de DN, 23% (n = 22) apresentavam EAB e 12,5% (n = 12) apresentavam falso controle da PA (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Rela&#231;&#227;o entre o controle da press&#227;o arterial avaliada em consult&#243;rio e pela monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da press&#227;o arterial (MAPA) com a ades&#227;o ao tratamento, medida pelo question&#225;rio de Morisky e Green validado por Bloch et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
						</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Controle PA de consult&#243;rio</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">Ades&#227;o e morisky e green</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">Total</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">Controle MAPA 24H</td>
                <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
                <td align="center">34</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">16</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">22</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total</td>
                <td align="center">46</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">39</td>
                <td align="center">17</td>
                <td align="center">56</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">Controle MAPA 24H</td>
                <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">18</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
                <td align="center">28</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total</td>
                <td align="center">50</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">27</td>
                <td align="center">13</td>
                <td align="center">40</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">66</td>
                <td align="center">30</td>
                <td align="center">96</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN11">
              <p>MAPA: monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da press&#227;o arterial; PA: press&#227;o arterial.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Dos 96 pacientes que conclu&#237;ram o estudo, somente 31,3% (n = 30) apresentaram ades&#227;o ao tratamento de acordo com o MMAS. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre a ades&#227;o e os valores da MAPA demonstrou que 16,7% (n = 16) apresentaram ades&#227;o ao tratamento e controle da PA, enquanto que 14,6% (n = 14) apresentaram ades&#227;o ao tratamento por&#233;m sem controle da PA. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; n&#227;o ades&#227;o ao tratamento, 35,4% (n = 34) dos pacientes n&#227;o alcan&#231;aram controle da PA e 33,3% (n = 32) n&#227;o tiveram ades&#227;o ao tratamento, apesar de terem apresentado controle da PA atrav&#233;s da MAPA (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Associa&#231;&#227;o entre o controle da press&#227;o arterial, avaliada pela monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da press&#227;o arterial (MAPA), e a ades&#227;o ao tratamento, medida pelo question&#225;rio de Morisky e Green validado por Bloch et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
						</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2">Controle da press&#227;o arterial medida pela MAPA<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</th>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">Total</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">%</td>
                <td align="center">%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Com ades&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">16,7(16)</td>
                <td align="center">14,6(14)</td>
                <td align="center">31,3 (30)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem ades&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">35,4(34)</td>
                <td align="center">33,3(32)</td>
                <td align="center">68,7 (66)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total</td>
                <td align="center">52,1 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">47,9 (46)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN12">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Controle da press&#227;o arterial de MAPA: PA sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica de 24 horas &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Quando o desempenho do question&#225;rio foi avaliado em diferentes subgrupos, identificamos que entre 12 pacientes considerados com tendo falso controle, 75% (n = 9) apresentavam controle da PA medida em consult&#243;rio, mas falta de controle da PA medida pela MAPA. Em outro subgrupo composto por hipertensos resistentes, observamos que 91,6% (n = 11) dos pacientes apresentava descontrole da PA medida pela MAPA e 66,7% (n = 8) n&#227;o apresentavam ades&#227;o (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t9">Tabela 4</xref> mostra a rela&#231;&#227;o entre os fatores considerados como tendo influ&#234;ncia sobre a ades&#227;o ao tratamento e os grupos de pacientes de acordo com a ades&#227;o e o controle da PA pela MAPA. O sexo feminino foi o mais prevalente em todos os grupos (G0, G1, G2 e G3) e que a m&#233;dia de idade variou entre os grupos e foi maior no G3 (56,19 &#177; 9,0 anos). A maioria dos pacientes em cada um dos grupos n&#227;o era branca, tabagista ou alcoolista, tinha companheiros e n&#227;o apresentava diabetes, dislipidemia ou HAR. A m&#233;dia de medicamentos prescritos foi maior no G2 (2,92 &#177; 0,83). O grupo G0 apresentou mais hipertensos resistentes (p = 0,012) e maior m&#233;dia de tempo de seguimento ap&#243;s ReHOT (20,4 &#177; 9,2 meses). A escolaridade foi diferente entre os dois primeiros grupos (G0 e G1) nos quais a maioria dos pacientes tinha at&#233; 9 anos de estudo, e entre os dois &#250;ltimos grupos (G2 e G3), nos quais os pacientes tinham mais de 9 anos de estudo.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t9">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas gerais dos pacientes que participaram do estudo transversal divididos por grupos</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">
								</th>
                <th align="center">G0Sem ades&#227;o/ <break/>Sem controle</th>
                <th align="center">G1Sem ades&#227;o/ <break/>com controle</th>
                <th align="center">G2 Com ades&#227;o/ <break/>Sem controle</th>
                <th align="center">G3Com ades&#227;o/ <break/>Com controle</th>
                <th align="center">Total</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>% (n)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>% (n)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>% (n)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>% (n)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>% (n)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">33,3 (18)</td>
                <td align="center">38,9 (21)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (7)</td>
                <td align="center">14,8 (8)</td>
                <td align="center">56,3 (54)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">33,3 (14)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (13)</td>
                <td align="center">16,7 (7)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (8)</td>
                <td align="center">43,8(42)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Idade em anos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">M&#233;dia</td>
                <td align="center">51,9&#177; 11,1</td>
                <td align="center">53,8 &#177;9,5</td>
                <td align="center">55,7&#177;9,9</td>
                <td align="center">56,19&#177;9,0</td>
                <td align="center">53,8&#177;10</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tabagismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">35,3(6)</td>
                <td align="center">47,1 (8)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">17,6 (3)</td>
                <td align="center">17,7 (17)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">32,9 (26)</td>
                <td align="center">32,9 (26)</td>
                <td align="center">17,7 (14)</td>
                <td align="center">16,5 (13)</td>
                <td align="center">82,3 (79)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Alcoolismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">31,4 (11)</td>
                <td align="center">45,7 (16)</td>
                <td align="center">2,9 (1)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (7)</td>
                <td align="center">36,5 (35)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">34,4 (21)</td>
                <td align="center">29,5 (18)</td>
                <td align="center">21,3 (13)</td>
                <td align="center">14,8 (9)</td>
                <td align="center">63,5 (61)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Estado civil</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Com companheiro</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">32,7 (18)</td>
                <td align="center">36,4 (20)</td>
                <td align="center">14,5 (8)</td>
                <td align="center">16,4 (9)</td>
                <td align="center">57,3 (55)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem companheiro</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">34,1 (14)</td>
                <td align="center">34,1 (14)</td>
                <td align="center">14,6 (6)</td>
                <td align="center">17,1 (7)</td>
                <td align="center">42,7 (41)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">34,6(9)</td>
                <td align="center">34,6 (9)</td>
                <td align="center">19,2 (5)</td>
                <td align="center">11,5 (3)</td>
                <td align="center">27,1 (26)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">32,9 (23)</td>
                <td align="center">35,7 (25)</td>
                <td align="center">12,9 (9)</td>
                <td align="center">18,6 (13)</td>
                <td align="center">72,9 (70)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Dislipidemia</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">34,5 (10)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (9)</td>
                <td align="center">17,2 (5)</td>
                <td align="center">17,2 (5)</td>
                <td align="center">30,2 (29)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">32,8 (22)</td>
                <td align="center">37,3(25)</td>
                <td align="center">13,4 (9)</td>
                <td align="center">16,4 (11)</td>
                <td align="center">69,8 (67)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Escolaridade</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">0 - 9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">32,1 (17)</td>
                <td align="center">45,3 (24)</td>
                <td align="center">9,4 (5)</td>
                <td align="center">13,2 (7)</td>
                <td align="center">55,2 (53)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; 9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">34,9 (15)</td>
                <td align="center">23,2 (10)</td>
                <td align="center">20,9 (9)</td>
                <td align="center">20,9 (9)</td>
                <td align="center">44,8 (43)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Etnia autorreferida</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Branca</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">33,3 (9)</td>
                <td align="center">25,9 (7)</td>
                <td align="center">18,5 (5)</td>
                <td align="center">22,2 (6)</td>
                <td align="center">28,1 (27)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o Branca</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">33,3 (23)</td>
                <td align="center">39,1 (27)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (9)</td>
                <td align="center">14,5 (10)</td>
                <td align="center">71,9 (69)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>N&#250;mero de medicamentos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">M&#233;dia</td>
                <td align="center">2,78&#177;0,87</td>
                <td align="center">2,5&#177;0,56</td>
                <td align="center">2,92&#177;0,83</td>
                <td align="center">2,31&#177;0,48</td>
                <td align="center">2,62&#177;0,72</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Hipertens&#227;o resistente<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref></bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">58,3 (7)</td>
                <td align="center">8,3 (1)</td>
                <td align="center">33,3 (4)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">12,5 (12)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">29,8 (25)</td>
                <td align="center">39,3 (33)</td>
                <td align="center">11,9 (10)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (16)</td>
                <td align="center">87,5 (84)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tempo ap&#243;s o ReHOT</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">M&#233;dia</td>
                <td align="center">20,4&#177;9,2</td>
                <td align="center">17,8&#177; 8,0</td>
                <td align="center">18,9&#177;7,0</td>
                <td align="center">19,1&#177;9,27</td>
                <td align="center">19,0&#177;8,4</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN13">
              <p>Signific&#226;ncia:</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN14">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0,05</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Apesar da taxa de ades&#227;o ter sido menor que a de n&#227;o ades&#227;o, a maior parte dos pacientes (55,2%, n = 53) relataram n&#227;o ter problema em lembrar de tomar seus medicamentos. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; interrup&#231;&#227;o do tratamento, 85,4% (n = 82) e 85,7% (n = 84) declararam n&#227;o parar de tomar seus medicamentos quando se sentem melhor ou pior, respectivamente (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Tabela 5</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t10">
          <label>Tabela 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Associa&#231;&#227;o entre as respostas ao question&#225;rio de Morisky e Green validado por Bloch et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> e a presen&#231;a de ades&#227;o total pelo question&#225;rio</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="70%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Perguntas</th>
                <th align="center">Sim <break/>(n)</th>
                <th align="center">N&#227;o <break/>(n)</th>
                <th align="center">Ades&#227;o <break/>% (n)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">1.Voc&#234; &#224;s vezes tem problema em se lembrar de tomar sua medica&#231;&#227;o?</td>
                <td align="center">43</td>
                <td align="center">53</td>
                <td align="center">43,4(23)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">2. Voc&#234; &#224;s vezes se descuida de tomar seu medicamento?</td>
                <td align="center">49</td>
                <td align="center">47</td>
                <td align="center">63,8(30)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">3. Quando est&#225; se sentindo melhor, voc&#234; &#224;s vezes para de tomar seu medicamento?</td>
                <td align="center">14</td>
                <td align="center">82</td>
                <td align="center">36,6(30)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">4. Se voc&#234; se sente pior ao tomar a medica&#231;&#227;o, voc&#234; &#224;s vezes para de tom&#225;-lo?</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
                <td align="center">84</td>
                <td align="center">23,8(30)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Alguns estudos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> v&#234;m correlacionando com a n&#227;o ades&#227;o ao tratamento e consequente falta de controle da HAS algumas vari&#225;veis como sexo, idade, escolaridade, ra&#231;a, estado civil, tabagismo, alcoolismo, presen&#231;a de comorbidades, tempo de seguimento e n&#250;mero de medicamentos em uso. Neste estudo, a escolaridade apresentou tend&#234;ncia a ser um fator determinante da n&#227;o ades&#227;o ao tratamento. Apesar da literatura citar a escolaridade como um poss&#237;vel fator na ades&#227;o ao tratamento, poucos estudos t&#234;m encontrado uma associa&#231;&#227;o direta entre ambos. Martins et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> em um estudo para avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o ao tratamento por pacientes hipertensos utilizando tamb&#233;m o MMAS, n&#227;o encontraram uma rela&#231;&#227;o significativa entre o grau de escolaridade e a ades&#227;o, apesar da popula&#231;&#227;o no estudo desses autores ter sido composta principalmente por indiv&#237;duos com baixa escolaridade. O n&#250;mero pequeno de indiv&#237;duos avaliados no presente estudo (n = 96) provavelmente influenciou esse resultado. Esta quest&#227;o &#233; de grande import&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica no que diz respeito &#224; compreens&#227;o das orienta&#231;&#245;es pelo paciente. Indiv&#237;duos com baixa escolaridade apresentam maior dificuldade tanto no entendimento da prescri&#231;&#227;o e das informa&#231;&#245;es nas bulas dos medicamentos, quanto na compreens&#227;o das informa&#231;&#245;es comunicadas pelo profissional de sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Outro fator descrito na literatura relacionado &#224; ades&#227;o ao tratamento &#233; o n&#250;mero de medicamentos prescritos. Em nosso estudo, n&#227;o encontramos uma rela&#231;&#227;o significativa entre o n&#250;mero de medicamentos e a ades&#227;o ao tratamento, por&#233;m, quando relacionamos o n&#250;mero de medicamentos com a falta de controle da PA, observamos uma rela&#231;&#227;o significativa entre eles. Quanto maior o n&#250;mero de medicamentos utilizados, maior o risco de intera&#231;&#245;es e rea&#231;&#245;es adversas, resultando na diminui&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o ao tratamento e, consequentemente, um pior controle da PA. Com isso, uma estrat&#233;gia importante para melhorar a ades&#227;o e o controle da PA &#233; simplificar o tratamento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O presente estudo observou uma rela&#231;&#227;o significativa entre a HAR e o controle da PA medida pela MAPA. Dos 12 pacientes com HAR presentes na amostra, 11 apresentavam descontrole da PA. Destes, oito foram considerados sem ades&#227;o pelo MMAS, o que imp&#245;e uma quest&#227;o importante, j&#225; que ao n&#227;o apresentarem ades&#227;o, estes pacientes n&#227;o podem ser considerados resistentes verdadeiros. Isto implica em uma decis&#227;o entre um aumento no n&#250;mero de f&#225;rmacos prescritos ou introdu&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias para melhorar a ades&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Quando avaliamos a influ&#234;ncia dos fatores relacionados com a ades&#227;o nos diferentes grupos de pacientes, a HAR tamb&#233;m teve uma rela&#231;&#227;o significativa com o G0, composto por pacientes sem controle e sem ades&#227;o ao tratamento. Um estudo realizado em 2008 por Bloch et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> utilizou tr&#234;s m&#233;todos de avalia&#231;&#227;o (entre eles o MMAS) para analisar em pacientes hipertensos resistentes a ades&#227;o e o controle da PA atrav&#233;s de medida convencional em consult&#243;rio e MAPA. Estes autores observaram uma redu&#231;&#227;o tanto da PA convencional quanto da determinada pela MAPA em pacientes considerados aderentes quando a PA foi medida por qualquer um dos m&#233;todos.</p>
        <p>Tanto o tratamento quanto a ades&#227;o a ele e o controle da PA s&#227;o de extrema import&#226;ncia para o diagn&#243;stico correto da HAR, pois pacientes sem ades&#227;o e com consequente descontrole da PA podem ser confundidos com hipertensos resistentes verdadeiros, passando por avalia&#231;&#245;es desnecess&#225;rias e tendo suas prescri&#231;&#245;es alteradas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Os pacientes hipertensos resistentes em nossa amostra foram identificados ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o criteriosa do controle da PA atrav&#233;s da MAPA durante o ReHOT quando foram, ent&#227;o, medicados corretamente. &#201; poss&#237;vel que ao final do ReHOT, os pacientes tenham voltado a ter atitudes semelhantes &#224;s de outros pacientes em geral, reduzindo a ades&#227;o ao tratamento e piorando o controle da HAS.</p>
        <p>A compara&#231;&#227;o entre estudos de pacientes hipertensos resistentes &#233; uma tarefa dif&#237;cil, visto que poucos estudos consideram a ades&#227;o, avaliando o diagn&#243;stico e diferencia&#231;&#227;o da pseudoresist&#234;ncia. Oliveira-Filho et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> em um estudo para avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o de pacientes hipertensos e identifica&#231;&#227;o de hipertensos resistentes observou que a falta de ades&#227;o foi um problema importante entre os pacientes, e mais da metade dos pacientes do estudo poderiam ser diagnosticados com hipertens&#227;o pseudorresistente causada por n&#227;o-ades&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao controle da PA, observamos que apenas 52,1% (n = 50) dos pacientes apresentavam HAS controlada quando medida pela MAPA, demonstrando uma redu&#231;&#227;o da taxa de controle pouco tempo ap&#243;s a participa&#231;&#227;o no ensaio cl&#237;nico ReHOT, durante o qual o controle era de 79,2% (n = 76). A baixa taxa de controle encontrada em nosso estudo &#233; compat&#237;vel com a encontrada em outros estudos recentes, como o realizado em 2012 em um servi&#231;o de aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria &#224; sa&#250;de (APS) no Rio Grande do Sul, que identificou 55,2% de pacientes com HAS controlada medida pela MAPA de 24 horas,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> e outro realizado por Guimar&#227;es Filho et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> em um centro de refer&#234;ncia em HAS e diabetes em Goi&#225;s, que encontrou uma taxa ainda menor (39,6%) de controle da PA medida por m&#233;todo convencional. Os estudos supracitados sugerem que independente do m&#233;todo utilizado para medi&#231;&#227;o da PA, a principal raz&#227;o para as baixas taxas encontradas de controle da PA &#233; a rela&#231;&#227;o entre pacientes e profissionais de sa&#250;de ou servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de, enfatizando uma necessidade de equipes multidisciplinares para melhoria do servi&#231;o prestado a pacientes hipertensos.</p>
        <p>Mori et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> observaram uma taxa maior de controle da HAS em pacientes que foram conscientizados sobre o uso de seus medicamentos por uma equipe de sa&#250;de multidisciplinar; a conscientiza&#231;&#227;o foi considerada uma motiva&#231;&#227;o para o seguimento das prescri&#231;&#245;es, demonstrando que o processo educativo melhora a resposta cl&#237;nica. O fim do atendimento multidisciplinar recebido durante o ReHOT pode ter influenciado fortemente a redu&#231;&#227;o da taxa de controle da PA desses pacientes, visto que durante este ensaio cl&#237;nico os pacientes al&#233;m de receberem medicamentos foram tamb&#233;m orientados sobre a doen&#231;a e sobre h&#225;bitos de vida saud&#225;veis.</p>
        <p>A taxa de ades&#227;o de 31,3% (n = 30) encontrada no presente estudo corrobora os achados do estudo de Bastos-Barbosa et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> nos quais a taxa de ades&#227;o de pacientes hipertensos medida pelo MMAS foi de 36%. Entre os poss&#237;veis fatores relacionados &#224; baixa ades&#227;o ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo, o acesso aos medicamentos &#233; de extrema import&#226;ncia. Por&#233;m somente a oferta de medicamentos n&#227;o &#233; uma garantia de uso correto, pois h&#225; necessidade de um acompanhamento terap&#234;utico com profissionais qualificados, principalmente para os pacientes com tend&#234;ncia &#224; falta de ades&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O question&#225;rio do MMAS &#233; o mais utilizado para avaliar a falta de ades&#227;o ao tratamento medicamentoso, por ser fact&#237;vel, de aplica&#231;&#227;o pr&#225;tica e de baixo custo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Apesar de n&#227;o ter sido poss&#237;vel comparar os resultados de ades&#227;o obtidos atrav&#233;s do question&#225;rio com os obtidos por contagem de comprimidos, como realizado no ReHOT, observamos que houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o na taxa de ades&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; encontrada durante o ensaio cl&#237;nico, que foi de 80%.</p>
        <p>Durante o ReHOT, o esquema terap&#234;utico era padronizado e a ades&#227;o ao tratamento era verificada durante as consultas. Al&#233;m disso, os pacientes recebiam instru&#231;&#245;es dos farmac&#234;uticos da equipe sobre o uso dos medicamentos e poss&#237;veis eventos adversos. Apesar dos pacientes terem passado a receber grande parte da medica&#231;&#227;o gratuitamente pelo Programa Farm&#225;cia Popular, seus retornos ao sistema convencional de sa&#250;de pode ter enfraquecido a rela&#231;&#227;o estabelecida durante o ReHOT e, com isso, ocasionado uma redu&#231;&#227;o na taxa de ades&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Segundo uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica da literatura realizada em 2014 por Matthes et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> medidas eficazes para melhorar a ades&#227;o incluem o fornecimento de informa&#231;&#245;es (aspectos positivos e negativos) ao paciente a respeito da sua doen&#231;a e tratamento, integra&#231;&#227;o ativa dos pacientes, al&#233;m de considera&#231;&#227;o de fatores que afetem a ades&#227;o em geral e as possibilidades e necessidades pessoais.</p>
        <p>Quando consideramos outras medidas avaliadas atrav&#233;s da MAPA, encontramos uma frequ&#234;ncia de EAB de 23% (n = 22). Segundo o Departamento de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial (DHA) da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> o EAB &#233; uma das causas de pseudorresist&#234;ncia e a MAPA &#233; uma ferramenta importante no seu diagn&#243;stico. Esse fato enfatiza a import&#226;ncia da medida da PA pela MAPA para a identifica&#231;&#227;o desses pacientes, evitando, assim, sua caracteriza&#231;&#227;o equivocada.</p>
        <p>Assim como em outros estudos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> n&#227;o observamos uma associa&#231;&#227;o direta entre a ades&#227;o ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo, medida pelo MMAS, e a PA controlada, verificada pela MAPA de 24 horas. Apesar do question&#225;rio n&#227;o ter tido um bom desempenho de uma maneira geral, ele foi capaz de identificar uma propor&#231;&#227;o de um ter&#231;o de ades&#227;o entre os pacientes avaliados. Al&#233;m disso, os resultados sugerem uma capacidade do question&#225;rio de relacionar n&#237;veis de PA sem controle e atitudes negativas frente &#224; tomada de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos em subgrupos de pacientes. Mais do que isto, demonstra a necessidade da utiliza&#231;&#227;o rotineira de um m&#233;todo de medida de ades&#227;o, como o MMAS, e a realiza&#231;&#227;o da MAPA em pacientes com HAS. Sem essas medidas em combina&#231;&#227;o, pacientes como esses poderiam ser classificados como hipertensos controlados e continuariam com seus n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos elevados e com risco aumentado de eventos cardiovasculares. Ou ent&#227;o, hipertensos resistentes teriam suas doses ou quantidades de medicamentos aumentados sem necessidade, acarretando gastos e efeitos adversos tamb&#233;m desnecess&#225;rios.</p>
        <p>O que este estudo sugere &#233; que a associa&#231;&#227;o de um m&#233;todo de medida de ades&#227;o com um m&#233;todo de medida da PA fora do consult&#243;rio para avaliar o seu controle poderia aumentar a capacidade do sistema de sa&#250;de para discriminar quem precisaria de maior aten&#231;&#227;o para alcan&#231;ar as metas de controle. Considerando &#224;s poss&#237;veis dificuldades de implementa&#231;&#227;o de tais m&#233;todos no servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de, poder-se-ia iniciar tais avalia&#231;&#245;es por pequenos grupos, por exemplo, pacientes hipertensos com controle da PA de consult&#243;rio e classificados sem ades&#227;o ao tratamento seriam o grupo de primeira escolha pala avalia&#231;&#227;o complementar atrav&#233;s da MAPA.</p>
        <p>Apesar da compara&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o nos dois momentos deste estudo ter sido feita por m&#233;todos diferentes, a compara&#231;&#227;o do controle da PA pela MAPA nos dois momentos foi padronizada e demonstrou uma piora do controle da PA, que seguiu a mesma dire&#231;&#227;o da piora da ades&#227;o. A perda de 13 (11,9%) pacientes dos 109 que conclu&#237;ram o ReHOT foi pequena, por&#233;m isto pode ter influenciado a falta de signific&#226;ncia de algumas vari&#225;veis como, por exemplo, a escolaridade que se mostrou lim&#237;trofe.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Os resultados deste estudo demonstram uma redu&#231;&#227;o da taxa de controle da PA pela MAPA e da ades&#227;o ao tratamento da HAS medida pelo MMAS com pelo menos 6 meses de participa&#231;&#227;o no ensaio cl&#237;nico ReHOT. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos fatores associados &#224; ades&#227;o ao tratamento, a escolaridade teve tend&#234;ncia a ser um fator determinante. A HAR e o n&#250;mero de medicamentos prescritos tiveram rela&#231;&#227;o significativa com o a PA medida pela MAPA. Quando verificamos os mesmo fatores nos grupos de pacientes, a HAR tamb&#233;m teve uma rela&#231;&#227;o significativa com o G0. Os resultados ainda sugerem uma necessidade do sistema de sa&#250;de em implementar uma forma de medir a ades&#227;o ao tratamento medicamentoso em combina&#231;&#227;o com um m&#233;todo de medida da PA fora do ambiente de consult&#243;rio. A associa&#231;&#227;o dessas duas medidas possibilitaria o diagn&#243;stico da situa&#231;&#227;o dos hipertensos identificando se ele est&#225; ou n&#227;o controlado e o desenvolvimento de estrat&#233;gias para um melhor controle da PA.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de Disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Nathalia Silva de Jesus pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
