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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">mJywVkn5Nj9KFYxs3NMg3js</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2016004100106</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2016005017102</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160095</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Epidemiological Profile and Quality Indicators in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Northern Minas Gerais - Minas Telecardio 2 Project</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marino</surname>
            <given-names>B&#225;rbara Campos Abreu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marcolino</surname>
            <given-names>Milena Soriano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Reis</surname>
            <given-names>Ras&#237;vel dos Santos</given-names>
            <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fran&#231;a</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Nunes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Passos</surname>
            <given-names>Priscilla Fortes de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lemos</surname>
            <given-names>Thais Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Antunes</surname>
            <given-names>Izabella de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Camila Gon&#231;alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Antunes</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; Pires</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Luiz Pinho</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Centro de Telessa&#250;de</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Minas Gerais</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Telessa&#250;de do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Rede de Teleassist&#234;ncia de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Minas Gerais</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Governo de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Secretaria de Estado de Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Minas Gerais</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Secretaria de Estado de Sa&#250;de do Governo de Minas Gerais</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Minas Gerais</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Minas Gerais</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Ant&#244;nio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro,</bold> Rua Campanha, 98/l0l. Postal Code 30310770, Carmo, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil. E-mail: <email>tom@hc.ufmg.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Analysis and interpretation of the data, Statistical analysis, Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Marino BCA, Marcolino MS, Ribeiro ALP; Acquisition of data: Marino BCA, Marcolino MS, Fran&#231;a ALN, Lemos TR, Passos PFO, Antunes IO, Ferreira CG, Antunes AP; Obtaining financing: Reis J&#250;nior RS, Ribeiro ALP.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>107</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>106</fpage>
      <lpage>115</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="pt">
          <license-p>Este &#233; um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licen&#231;a Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribui&#231;&#227;o e reprodu&#231;&#227;o em qualquer meio, sem restri&#231;&#245;es desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Coronary artery disease is the main cause of death in Brazil. In the Brazilian public health system, the in-hospital mortality associated with acute myocardial infarction is high. The Minas Telecardio 2 Project (Projeto Minas Telecardio 2) aims at implementing a myocardial infarction system of care in the Northern Region of Minas Gerais (MG) to decrease hospital morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of the patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cared for in the period that preceded the implementation of the system of care.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Observational, prospective study of patients with ACS admitted between June 2013 and March 2014 to six emergency departments in Montes Claros, MG, and followed up until hospital discharge.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>During the study period, 593 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of ACS (mean age 63 &#177; 12 years, 67.6% men), including 306 (51.6%) cases of unstable angina, 214 (36.0%) of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and 73 (12.3%) of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The total STEMI mortality was 21%, and the in-hospital mortality was 17.2%. In the STEMI patients, 46,0% underwent reperfusion therapy, including primary angioplasty in 88 and thrombolysis in six. Overall, aspirin was administered to 95.1% of the patients within 24 hours and to 93.5% at discharge, a P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitor was administered to 88.7% participants within 24 hours and to 75.1% at discharge. A total of 73.1% patients received heparin within 24 hours.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>We observed a low reperfusion rate in patients with STEMI and limited adherence to the recommended ACS treatment in the Northern Region of MG. These observations enable opportunities to improve health care.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome / epidemiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Profile</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality Indicators, Health Care</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemedicine</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais</funding-source>
          <award-id>RED061-11</award-id>
          <award-id>RED018-14</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnol&#243;gico</funding-source>
          <award-id>309073/2011-1</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior</funding-source>
          <award-id>99999.002354/2015-02</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos</funding-source>
          <award-id>1493/10</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>This study was funded by Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (RED061-11 AND RED018-14), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnol&#243;gico (309073/2011-1), Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior (99999.002354/2015-02) and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos - FINEP (1493/10). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Myocardial infarction (MI) is the main cause of death in Brazil (8.8% in 2012)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> and worldwide.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> In Brazil, the mortality of patients with MI is higher in the public health system when compared with the mortality observed in the private system.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> This occurs because MI patients cared for in the public health system face challenges to have access to intensive care units, methods of reperfusion, and effective therapeutic measures established for MI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Data from several registries have shown that reperfusion therapy is deficient in many countries, even when available to patients with no contraindication for the procedure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> In patients with ST-elevation MI (STEMI), lack of reperfusion therapy is an independent predictor of mortality. Also, a delay in starting reperfusion therapy in patients who have access to this treatment may influence their outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The Brazilian Ministry of Health has established a priority for the MI system of care,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> but the national experience in this area is still lacking.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> The Northern Region of Minas Gerais (MG) is a geographical area with adverse and peculiar conditions, such as low socioeconomic level, large territorial extension (which covers 89 municipalities), and logistical challenges that affect patient care, including unpaved roads, routes that require transportation by ferry boats, and ambulance interception<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). The implementation of an MI system of care in such conditions is particularly challenging.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Geographical location of the northern of Minas Gerais. Source: Abreu, RL.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-107-02-0106-60095-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cared for in the Northern Region of MG, with emphasis on quality indicators and evaluation of outcomes in individuals treated in the hospital emergency system who participated in the Minas Telecardio 2 Project (<italic>Projeto Minas Telecardio 2</italic>).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>The Minas Telecardio 2 Project</title>
        <p>This research project was developed by the Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais (<italic>Rede de Teleassist&#234;ncia de Minas Gerais</italic>), a partnership of six public universities in MG, coordinated by the University Hospital at the <italic>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</italic>. The project consisted in implementing an MI system of care in the Northern Region of MG, according to the Directive Number 2994 of December 2011 by the Brazilian Ministry of Health.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> The design of this study was quasi-experimental, conducted in three phases: establishment of a baseline, implementation of the MI system of care, and re-evaluation of indicators after implementation. All phases are complete.</p>
        <p>The first phase, analyzed in this study,consisted of a prospective cohort of all cases of confirmed ACS diagnoses that presented via the Brazilian public health system (<italic>Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de</italic>, SUS) from June 19, 2013, to March 31, 2014, and that were admitted at one of the six Montes Claros emergency departments, where patients with ACS were routinely referred to in the region.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Structure of myocardial infarction care in the Extended Northern Region of Minas Gerais</title>
        <p>The Northern Region of MG is covered by the prehospital service <italic>(Servi&#231;o de Atendimento M&#243;vel de Urg&#234;ncia</italic>, SAMU). This service is organized within the region, distributed in 37 bases with seven advanced ambulances (<italic>unidade de suporte avan&#231;ado</italic>, USA), 40 basic ambulances (<italic>unidade de suporte b&#225;sico</italic>, USB) and an intercept vehicle (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Prehospital and hospital structures in the Expanded Northern Region of Minas Gerais. A: Distribution of SAMU units, B: Network hospital response. Level I hospitals with catheterization rooms in Montes Claros. Source: Souza, RF; Santos-Junior, RR. Minas Gerais State Health Department, 2013.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-107-02-0106-60095-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Montes Claros is the main city of the region and concentrates the care of MI patients, routinely receives patients referred from other cities. Montes Claros has three high complexity hospitals (<italic>Santa Casa, Dilson Godinho</italic>, and <italic>Aroldo Tourinho</italic>) with four cathlabs, coronary care unit, and cardiovascular surgery, cardiology, and catheterization teams for caring the public health system. In addition to these hospitals, which are considered level I in MI care,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Montes Claros also has a level II hospital (<italic>Hospital Universit&#225;rio Clemente de Faria</italic>), a municipal emergency service (<italic>Hospital Alpheu de Quadros</italic>) with a structure similar to an immediate care unit, and a hospital covered by SUS for elective care, occasionally sought by patients with MI. The hospital network in the area outside Montes Claros comprises 18 regional hospitals (three level II, four level III, and 10 level IV hospitals (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data collection</title>
        <p>A surveillance system at the SAMU and in the six emergency departments of Montes Claros was established. Using standardized protocols, trained nurses and medical students interviewed the patients admitted to the hospitals and collected their clinical data from medical records. The patients were followed up until hospital discharge. All forms were revised by a specialist (BM).</p>
        <p>Among 1016 evaluated patients, 593 had a confirmed diagnosis of ACS and were included in the study. Based on international criteria, these patients were classified as having STEMI, non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI), or unstable angina (UA).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				</p>
        <p>The occurrence of risk factors or comorbidities was recorded, including previous MI (&lt; 90 days = recent, &#8805; 90 days = remote), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or previous angioplasty, Chagas disease, hypertension (determined from a self-reported diagnosis or use of antihypertensive medication), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, chronic renal failure requiring dialysis, and family history of coronary artery disease, which was considered positive in patients with a male first-degree relative presenting MI when aged &#8804; 55 years or a female first-degree relative presenting MI when aged &#8804; 65 years.</p>
        <p>We also analyzed the patients' place of provenance and the type of transportation that brought them to the center in Montes Claros.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Quality measures and outcomes</title>
        <p>We evaluated the quality indicators recommended by the guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA) / American College of Cardiology (ACC):<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
				</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Implementation and type of reperfusion therapy;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Medications administered within the first 24 hours and at hospital discharge;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Time until treatment implementation.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>We evaluated the administration of the following medications within 24 hours: aspirin, P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitors (clopidogrel or ticagrelor), heparins (unfractionated or low-molecular-weight), statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). We also evaluated the administration of all the medications above but heparin at hospital discharge.</p>
        <p>We analyzed the following time points: prehospital service response time (time between the call and arrival at the location of the service), total duration of prehospital transportation (prehospital service response time + time from the location of care to the hospital in Montes Claros), door-to-ECG time (in patients who underwent ECG in Montes Claros), door-to-balloon time, door-to-needle time, and total ischemia time (time elapsed from pain onset to medical care + door-to-balloon or door-to-needle time). We did not evaluate the door-to-balloon and door-to-needle times, or the total ischemia duration in patients in whom clinical treatment was recommended.</p>
        <p>The outcomes evaluated included total mortality (during prehospital and in-hospital care), in-hospital mortality, time from hospitalization to death, major bleeding according to the TIMI classification,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> and hemorrhagic stroke.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Ethical aspects</title>
        <p>The study was approved by the Ethics Research Committee of the involved institutions (protocol number 260/09) and was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and Resolution 196/96, which was effective when the study was approved. All patients and representatives of each unit provided informed consent to participate in the study.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Continuous variables are presented as mean &#177; standard deviation or median (interquartile range), and categorical variables are presented as frequency (%). We used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to evaluate the normality of the distribution of continuous variables. Time to treatment in patients with and without an outcome in the STEMI subgroup was compared with Student's <italic>t</italic> test or Mann-Whitney test, depending on their distributions. Two-tailed p values &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed with the software SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Patients with acute coronary syndrome</title>
        <p>During the study period, 593 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of ACS, including 51.6% with UA, 36% with STEMI, and 12.3% with NSTEMI. The mean age of the patients was 63 &#177; 12 years and 67.6% were men. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> shows the participants' comorbidities and risk factors, municipality of origin, and type of transportation.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>General and subgroup clinical characteristics of patients with acute coronary syndrome, excluding prehospital deaths (n = 583)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>All patients (n = 583)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>STEMI (n = 204)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>NSTEMI (n = 73)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Unstable angina (n = 306)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Age (years)</td>
                <td align="center">63 &#177; 12</td>
                <td align="center">62 &#177; 13</td>
                <td align="center">63 &#177; 12</td>
                <td align="center">63 &#177; 11</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Male gender</td>
                <td align="center">138 (67.6)</td>
                <td align="center">138 (67.6)</td>
                <td align="center">44 (60.3)</td>
                <td align="center">165 (53.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Municipality of provenance</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Montes Claros</td>
                <td align="center">250 (42.9)</td>
                <td align="center">72 (35.3)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (32.9)</td>
                <td align="center">154 (50.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Other 88 municipalities</td>
                <td align="center">333 (57.1)</td>
                <td align="center">132 (64.7)</td>
                <td align="center">49 (77.1)</td>
                <td align="center">152 (49.4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Patient&#8217;s provenance</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hospital or outpatient clinic in another municipality<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">264 (45.3)</td>
                <td align="center">117 (57.4)</td>
                <td align="center">39 (53.4)</td>
                <td align="center">109 (35.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Spontaneous demand</td>
                <td align="center">229 (39.2)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (25.5)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (26.0)</td>
                <td align="center">159 (52.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Prehospital service</td>
                <td align="center">49 (8.4)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (10.3)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (15.1)</td>
                <td align="center">16 ( 5.2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hospital or outpatient clinic in Montes Claros&#8224;</td>
                <td align="center">40 (6.9)</td>
                <td align="center">14 (6.9)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (5.4)</td>
                <td align="center">22(7.1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Type of transportation&#8225;</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Own vehicle</td>
                <td align="center">229 (39.2)</td>
                <td align="center">51 (25.0)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (24.7)</td>
                <td align="center">155 (50.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Prehospital ambulance service</td>
                <td align="center">173 (29.7)</td>
                <td align="center">100 (49.1)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (37.0)</td>
                <td align="center">46 (15.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ambulance or municipality health vehicle</td>
                <td align="center">166 (28.5)</td>
                <td align="center">53 (25.9)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (37.0)</td>
                <td align="center">86 (28.1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Municipality bus</td>
                <td align="center">15 (2.6)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1.4)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (6.2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Comorbidities and risk factors</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hypertension</td>
                <td align="center">462 (79.2)</td>
                <td align="center">153 (75)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (74.0)</td>
                <td align="center">255 (83.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dyslipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">255 (43.7)</td>
                <td align="center">69 (33.8)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (42.5)</td>
                <td align="center">155 (50.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Smoking</td>
                <td align="center">116 (19.9)</td>
                <td align="center">53 (26.0)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (26.0)</td>
                <td align="center">44 (14.4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DM</td>
                <td align="center">139 (23.8)</td>
                <td align="center">47 (23.0)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (24.7)</td>
                <td align="center">74 (24.2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- DM, insulin use</td>
                <td align="center">44 (7.5)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (6.4)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (6.8)</td>
                <td align="center">26 (8.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Previous use of aspirin</td>
                <td align="center">252 (43.2)</td>
                <td align="center">58 (28.4)</td>
                <td align="center">28 (38.9)</td>
                <td align="center">166 (54.2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Previous stroke</td>
                <td align="center">39 (6.7)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (5.4)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (5.5)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (7.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Positive family history</td>
                <td align="center">235 (40.3)</td>
                <td align="center">73 (35.8)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (41.1)</td>
                <td align="center">132 (43.1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">History of coronary disease</td>
                <td align="center">134 (23.0)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (11.8)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (17.8)</td>
                <td align="center">96 (31.4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Previous angioplasty</td>
                <td align="center">91 (15.6)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (9.8)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (11.0)</td>
                <td align="center">62 (20.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Coronary artery bypass grafting</td>
                <td align="center">43 (7.4)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (2.0)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (6.8)</td>
                <td align="center">34 (11.1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Chagas disease</td>
                <td align="center">51 (8.7)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (6.4)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (12.3)</td>
                <td align="center">29 (9.5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Alcoholism</td>
                <td align="center">139 (23.9)</td>
                <td align="center">51 (25.0)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (20.5)</td>
                <td align="center">73 (23.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Prior MI</td>
                <td align="center">98 (16.8)</td>
                <td align="center">33 (16.2)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (12.3)</td>
                <td align="center">56 (18.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Recent</td>
                <td align="center">21 (3.6)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (4.9)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (2.7)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (2.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Remote</td>
                <td align="center">77 (13.2)</td>
                <td align="center">23 (11.3)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (9.6)</td>
                <td align="center">47 (15.4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Angiographic data<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref></bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Location of the culprit lesion</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Anterior descending</td>
                <td align="center">210/511 (41.1)</td>
                <td align="center">98/194 (50.5)</td>
                <td align="center">24/70 (34.3)</td>
                <td align="center">88/247 (35.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Right coronary artery</td>
                <td align="center">112/511 (21.9)</td>
                <td align="center">67/194 (34.5)</td>
                <td align="center">14/70 (20.0)</td>
                <td align="center">31/247 (12.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Circumflex</td>
                <td align="center">76/511 (14.9)</td>
                <td align="center">26/194 (13.4)</td>
                <td align="center">21/70 (30.0)</td>
                <td align="center">29/247 (11.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Arterial or venous graft</td>
                <td align="center">6/511 (1.2)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1/70 (1.4)</td>
                <td align="center">5/247 (2.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Without significant obstruction (&lt; 50%)</td>
                <td align="center">107/511 (20.9)</td>
                <td align="center">3/194 (1.5)</td>
                <td align="center">10/70 (14.3)</td>
                <td align="center">94/247 (38.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Pre-procedure TIMI flow</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- TIMI 0</td>
                <td align="center">150/511 (29.4)</td>
                <td align="center">139/194 (71.6)</td>
                <td align="center">11/70 (15.7)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- TIMI 1</td>
                <td align="center">74/511 (14.5)</td>
                <td align="center">27/194 (13.9)</td>
                <td align="center">15/70 (21.4)</td>
                <td align="center">32/247 (13.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- TIMI 2</td>
                <td align="center">97/511 (19.0)</td>
                <td align="center">17/194 (8.8)</td>
                <td align="center">17/70 (24.3)</td>
                <td align="center">66/247 (26.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- TIMI 3</td>
                <td align="center">187/511 (36.6)</td>
                <td align="center">11/194 (5.7)</td>
                <td align="center">27/70 (38.6)</td>
                <td align="center">149/247 (60.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Other vessels with lesions &#8805; 70% besides the culprit artery</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- One</td>
                <td align="center">116/511 (22.7)</td>
                <td align="center">51/194 (26.3)</td>
                <td align="center">14/70 (19.7)</td>
                <td align="center">51/247 (20.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Two</td>
                <td align="center">123/511 (24.0)</td>
                <td align="center">64/194 (33.0)</td>
                <td align="center">16/70 (22.5)</td>
                <td align="center">43/247 (17.4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Three</td>
                <td align="center">39/511 (7.6)</td>
                <td align="center">14/194 (7.2)</td>
                <td align="center">8/70 (11.3)</td>
                <td align="center">17/247 (6.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Angioplasty with stent implantation</td>
                <td align="center">250/511 (48.9)</td>
                <td align="center">148/194 (76.3)</td>
                <td align="center">31/70 (44.3)</td>
                <td align="center">71/247 (28.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Angiographic post-procedure success<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">211/250 (84.4)</td>
                <td align="center">114/148 (77.0)</td>
                <td align="center">27/31 (90.0)</td>
                <td align="center">70/71 (98.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Hospitalization</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Length of hospitalization (days)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (4-14)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (6-16)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (7-18)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (4-12)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- In-hospital death</td>
                <td align="center">55 (9.4)</td>
                <td align="center">35 (17.2)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (6.8)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (4.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">- Time from hospitalization to death (days)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (2-19)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (1-15)</td>
                <td align="center">(8-30)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (8-34)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Three of the 73 patients with NSTEMI, 59 of the 206 patients with unstable angina, and 10 patients with STEMI did not undergo angiography.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>TIMI 3 flow was considered an angiographic success. STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; DM: diabetes mellitus; MI: myocardial infarction.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A total of 72 patients received exclusively clinical treatment, including 59 with UA, 10 with STEMI, and three with NSTEMI.</p>
        <p>Overall, 355 (59.8%) patients underwent revascularization, including angioplasty in 250 and CABG in 105 individuals. Seventeen patients underwent revascularization of the culprit artery which was followed by CABG later on during hospitalization.</p>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> shows the medications administered within 24 hours and at hospital discharge. Of 181 patients who did not receive beta-blockers within 24 hours, 39 (21.5%) had contraindications for that, including 15 with cardiogenic shock, 12 who were in Killip class 2, and 12 with heart rates (HR) &lt; 60 beats/minute. The remaining 142 (78.5%) patients were in Killip class I or had UA and presented HR &gt; 60 beats/minute.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Medications administered within 24 hours and at hospital discharge to all patients with acute coronary syndrome and to those in each subgroup, excluding prehospital deaths (n = 583)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Medication</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>All patients</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>STEMI</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>NSTEMI</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Unstable angina</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>24 hours</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n = 583</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n = 204</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n = 73</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n = 306</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Aspirin</td>
                <td align="center">563 (96.6)</td>
                <td align="center">194 (95.1)</td>
                <td align="center">69 (94.5)</td>
                <td align="center">300 (98.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitors</td>
                <td align="center">501 (85.9)</td>
                <td align="center">181 (88.7)</td>
                <td align="center">65 (89.0)</td>
                <td align="center">255 (83.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Heparins<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">372 (63.8)</td>
                <td align="center">155 (73.1)</td>
                <td align="center">58 (79.5)</td>
                <td align="center">160 (52.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Beta-blockers</td>
                <td align="center">402 (69.0)</td>
                <td align="center">139 (68.1)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (71.2)</td>
                <td align="center">211 (69.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Statins</td>
                <td align="center">474 (81.3)</td>
                <td align="center">168 (82.4)</td>
                <td align="center">59 (80.8)</td>
                <td align="center">247 (80.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACEI or ARB</td>
                <td align="center">391 (67.1)</td>
                <td align="center">131 (64.2)</td>
                <td align="center">45 (61.6)</td>
                <td align="center">215 (70.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Discharge<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#8224;</xref></bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n = 528</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n = 169</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n = 68</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n = 291</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Aspirin</td>
                <td align="center">492 (93.2)</td>
                <td align="center">158 (93.5)</td>
                <td align="center">64 (94.1)</td>
                <td align="center">270 (92.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitors</td>
                <td align="center">362 (68.6)</td>
                <td align="center">127 (75.1)</td>
                <td align="center">46 (67.6)</td>
                <td align="center">183 (62.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Beta-blockers</td>
                <td align="center">411 (77.8)</td>
                <td align="center">136 (80.5)</td>
                <td align="center">56 (82.4)</td>
                <td align="center">219 (75.5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Statins</td>
                <td align="center">452 (85.6)</td>
                <td align="center">149 (88.2)</td>
                <td align="center">62 (91.2)</td>
                <td align="center">241 (82.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACEI or ARB</td>
                <td align="center">337 (63.8)</td>
                <td align="center">109 (64.5)</td>
                <td align="center">42 (61.8)</td>
                <td align="center">186 (63.9)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Unfractioned heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin. STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker II. &#8224;Excluding patients who died.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>Excluding patients who died.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Ten patients had hemorrhagic complications, including nine major bleeding episodes according to the TIMI classification<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> and one hemorrhagic stroke; these patients were discharged without aspirin or a P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitor. The mortality of all patients with ACS was 9.4% and the median time from hospitalization to death was 9 (2-19) days.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Patients with STEMI</title>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref> shows the time points analyzed in 204 patients with STEMI (excluding those who died before arriving at the hospital). Overall, 57.5% of the patients had pain duration shorter than 12 hours and 46.0% underwent reperfusion therapy, including primary angioplasty in 88 and thrombolysis in six (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>). In the patients elegible for revascularization, reperfusion therapy occurred in 70.6%. Among patients who underwent primary angioplasty, 37.5% had undergone the procedure with a door-to-balloon time greater than 90 minutes. All 82 (42.5%) patients with pain duration greater than 12 hours underwent angioplasty, including 11 patients (5.4% of the total) with cardiogenic shock, 22 (10.8%) with pain recurrence and 49 (24.0%) who presented an occluded artery (TIMI 0), had no pain recurrence, and were asymptomatic.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Time points assessed in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (n = 204)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Duration (min)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>All patients (n = 204)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>In-hospital deaths (n = 35)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>No deaths (n = 169)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>p</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Prehospital service response time<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref> (n = 77)</td>
                <td align="center">80 (24-177)</td>
                <td align="center">112 (40-198)</td>
                <td align="center">80 (23-178)</td>
                <td align="center">0.79</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Transportation time from the place of assistance to the hospital in Montes Claros (n = 77)</td>
                <td align="center">45 (18-84)</td>
                <td align="center">61 (32-145)</td>
                <td align="center">45 (15-71)</td>
                <td align="center">0.47</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total duration of prehospital transportation<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref> (n = 77)</td>
                <td align="center">177 (50-312)</td>
                <td align="center">201 (140-334)</td>
                <td align="center">171 (48-304)</td>
                <td align="center">0.32</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Door-to-ECG time<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">&#8225;</xref> (n = 80)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (11-70)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (10-31)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (11-77)</td>
                <td align="center">0.36</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Door-to-balloon time (n = 141)</td>
                <td align="center">94 (41-386)</td>
                <td align="center">90 (31-392)</td>
                <td align="center">94 (45-384)</td>
                <td align="center">0.62</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Door-to-needle time (n = 4)</td>
                <td align="center">67 (49-73)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">67 (49-73)</td>
                <td align="center">--</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Time between pain onset and request for medical service (n = 204)</td>
                <td align="center">486 (248-1657)</td>
                <td align="center">414 (215-1521)</td>
                <td align="center">549 (249-1521)</td>
                <td align="center">0.63</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total ischemia time<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">&#167;</xref> (n =137)</td>
                <td align="center">683 (391-1963)</td>
                <td align="center">587 (346-2283)</td>
                <td align="center">691 (393-1934)</td>
                <td align="center">0.91</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Prehospital service response time &#8211; amount of time between the call and arrival at the place of service;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>Total prehospital transport time &#8211; amount of time for a response from the prehospital service + time from the site of care to a hospital in Montes Claros;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN7">
              <label>&#8225;</label>
              <p>Door-to-ECG time - for patients who underwent ECG in Montes Claros, time between the ECG and the admission;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <label>&#167;</label>
              <p>Total ischemia time &#8211; time from pain onset until medical care + door-to-balloon or door-to-needle time. In patients who remained in clinical treatment (n = 64), the door-to-balloon time, door-to-needle time, and total ischemia time were not evaluated. The p value refers to the comparison between the groups &#8220;in-hospital deaths&#8221; versus &#8220;no deaths&#8221;, analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figure 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Diagram showing the treatments received by patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-107-02-0106-60095-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Regarding antiplatelet drugs in patients with STEMI, 95.1% received aspirin within 24 hours and 93.5% received it upon discharge. A P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitor was administered within 24 hours to 88.7% of the patients and at discharge to 75.1% of them. A total of 73.1% of the patients received heparin, and 68.1% received beta-blockers within 24 hours. Of the 48 (31.9%) patients who did not receive beta blockers, 30 had no contraindications for that and were in Killip class I.</p>
        <p>The total number of deaths among the 214 patients with STEMI was 45 (21.0%), including ten (4.6%) that occurred in prehospital care and 35 (17.2%) during hospitalization. The median time from hospitalization to death was 3 (1-15) days.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>This study reveals the aspects of ACS treatment away from large Brazilian metropolitan centers, providing information regarding the presentation of the disease and current health care practices in this territory. Our main findings included an increased in-hospital mortality, low reperfusion rates, and excessive treatment with primary angioplasty, even when the transportation time was greater than that recommended by the guidelines, reducing the benefits of primary angioplasty over thrombolysis. In some cases, angioplasty was performed even when the ischemia duration was greater than 12 hours and without symptoms. In addition, we observed a poor adherence to MI quality indicators.</p>
      <p>Similar to findings of other ACS registries<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> and the Brazilian Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome - (<italic>Registro Brasileiro de S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</italic>, ACCEPT), UA was the most frequent diagnosis (51.7%), followed by STEMI (33.8%), and NSTEMI (12.3%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> However, the prevalence of NSTEMI may have been underestimated, since the troponin assay (cTnI One Step Troponin I Test Device) used for diagnosis in the region is qualitative and has a cutoff value of 0.5 ng/mL. With the use of more sensitive troponin assays, the number of cases of NSTEMI should increase and those of UA should decrease, as described in the literature.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In this study, the in-hospital mortality associated with STEMI was 17.2%, which was above that observed in national and international ACS registries (about 8%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> However, both these registries - ACCEPT and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) - included patients cared for in specialized tertiary centers. Of 23 centers participating in the ACCEPT registry, four were private, 15 were philanthropic, and four were public. In addition, all centers had coronary units and catheterization laboratories qualified to perform percutaneous coronary intervention procedures.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The Human Development Index (HDI) of the state of MG is 0.731, but the Northern Region of MG, in contrast with the rest of the state, has an index comparable to that of the poorest states in Brazil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> The municipalities in the region also have important differences in HDIs, ranging from 0.770 in Montes Claros to 0.537 in Bonito de Minas, with an average index of 0.691 in the region.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> In 2010, the illiteracy rate in the region was 15.8% and reached 37.2% in some municipalities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The municipality of Montes Claros functions as a regional municipality polo. More than half of the beds in hospitals covered by SUS are concentrated in small centers with low-technological density, low institutional qualifications, and consequently, precarious resolving capability.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Most roads are still unpaved, and the transportation to the site of medical care in some municipalities requires ferry boats.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> These particularities impose challenges to the transportation between municipalities.</p>
      <p>In order to solve the problem of long distances and lack of ambulances with advanced support, the SAMU teams have organized a system of ambulance interception in which the patients exchange ambulances (from one with basic to another with advanced support, or from one with advanced support to another, also with advanced support, belonging to a different micro region) to transport these patients to locations with more resources to stabilize their conditions and continue their treatments.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> However, this maneuver prolongs the transportation time, since it demands time to wait for the ambulance and then to move the patient to another ambulance. This logistical complexity observed in the region delays the implementation of treatment and may have reflected in the high mortality indices observed in our study.</p>
      <p>We observed a low (46%) reperfusion rate in patients with STEMI. This reflects the type of treatment that was used in the region, with underutilization of prehospital thrombolysis and centralization of the treatment in Montes Claros, where primary angioplasty was advocated. Considering the large distances in this region and the presence of a regional SAMU, prehospital thrombolysis would improve the reperfusion rates.</p>
      <p>Data from the Brazilian ACS registry (ACCEPT<italic>)</italic> have shown a reperfusion rate of 88% in patients with STEMI (85.4% of the cases by primary angioplasty and 14.6% by thrombolysis); however, only 49.6% of the patients in the registry were covered by SUS. In addition, this registry included reference centers and 60.3% of participants from southeastern regions of the country.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> In contrast, the GRACE registry has reported a reperfusion rate of 70% and a difference in the type of reperfusion according to the geographic location and type of hospital.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> None of these registries included centers with the logistical complexity of the Northern Region of MG.</p>
      <p>In the present study, all patients with STEMI and pain duration &gt; 12 hours underwent angioplasty. However, only 40.2% of the patients had a precise indication for the procedure (cardiogenic shock or pain recurrence). The remaining patients were asymptomatic and had occlusion of the culprit artery.</p>
      <p>The use of aspirin within 24 hours and at hospital discharge presented satisfactory indices, between 96.6% and 93.2%, in line with similar registries in the literature.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Rates of administration of heparin were below those described in other registries: 63.8% in the overall cohort, 73.1% in the subgroup of patients with STEMI, and 52.3% in those with UA. An analysis of the Brazilian data included in the GRACE registry has shown that around 80% of the patients received heparin within 24 hours,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> which is aligned with the finding of the ACCEPT registry.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>
			</p>
      <p>We observed a high mortality rate and a low reperfusion rate in patients with STEMI, despite the presence in the region of an organized and regional SAMU, three catheterization labs available for intervention procedures, and hospitals with material and human resources. These data show that an improvement in results would require, in addition to material resources, integration of the health care network, implementation and adherence to an evidence-based protocol, and reperfusion methods chosen according to local circumstances. Simple measures of organization of assistance and effective involvement of all of those caring for the patients may promote substantial improvements in care, with potential impact on care indicators, morbidity, and mortality of patients with ACS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> In addition, the implementation of the system of care for ACS requires training and continuous education of the teams, in order to obtain greater adherence to the therapeutic measures established for MI. Finally, implementation of tele-ECG systems in emergency units and ambulances allow, as known, an early diagnosis of STEMI, increasing the possibility of timely reperfusion.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
			</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limitations</title>
        <p>Due to logistic reasons, we did not collect data from patients with ACS admitted to regional hospitals. However, since the ACS care in the region was centralized in Montes Claros, we believe that the collected data reflect most cases in the region.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>This study observed in the Northern Region of MG a high hospital mortality, low reperfusion rates in patients with STEMI, and insufficient adherence to protocols recommended for the treatment of ACS, suggesting that improvements in the health care process may reduce mortality and improve health care indicators.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was funded by Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (RED061-11 AND RED018-14), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnol&#243;gico (309073/2011-1), Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior (99999.002354/2015-02) and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos - FINEP (1493/10). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of Doctoral submitted by B&#225;rbara Campos Abreu Marino, from Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine (PG-IMT) at the Medical School of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Perfil Epidemiol&#243;gico e Indicadores de Qualidade em Pacientes com S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda na Regi&#227;o Norte de Minas Gerais - Projeto Minas Telecardio 2</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marino</surname>
            <given-names>B&#225;rbara Campos Abreu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marcolino</surname>
            <given-names>Milena Soriano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Reis</surname>
            <given-names>Ras&#237;vel dos Santos</given-names>
            <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fran&#231;a</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Nunes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Passos</surname>
            <given-names>Priscilla Fortes de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lemos</surname>
            <given-names>Thais Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Antunes</surname>
            <given-names>Izabella de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Camila Gon&#231;alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Antunes</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; Pires</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Luiz Pinho</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">5</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Telessa&#250;de do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Rede de Teleassist&#234;ncia de Minas Gerais</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, MG</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Secretaria de Estado de Sa&#250;de do Governo de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular, Minas Gerais</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, MG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Ant&#244;nio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro,</bold> Rua Campanha, 98/l0l. CEP 30310770, Carmo, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil. E-mail: <email>tom@hc.ufmg.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Marino BCA, Marcolino MS, Ribeiro ALP; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Marino BCA, Marcolino MS, Fran&#231;a ALN, Lemos TR, Passos PFO, Antunes IO, Ferreira CG, Antunes AP; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Reis J&#250;nior RS, Ribeiro ALP.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A doen&#231;a coronariana &#233; a principal causa de morte no Brasil. No sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de brasileiro, a mortalidade hospitalar por infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio &#233; elevada. O Projeto Minas Telecardio 2 tem o objetivo de implantar a linha de cuidado do infarto na Regi&#227;o Ampliada Norte de Minas Gerais (MG), com vistas &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o da morbimortalidade hospitalar. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil dos casos de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) atendidos no per&#237;odo que precedeu &#224; implanta&#231;&#227;o do programa.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo prospectivo observacional dos pacientes com SCA admitidos entre junho de 2013 e mar&#231;o de 2014 nas seis portas de entrada de urg&#234;ncia de Montes Claros e acompanhados at&#233; a alta hospitalar.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>No per&#237;odo do estudo, 593 pacientes foram admitidos com SCA (idade m&#233;dia 63 &#177; 12 anos, 67,6% homens), com 306 (51,6%) casos de angina inst&#225;vel, 214 (36,0%) de infarto com supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMCSST) e 73 (12,3%) com infarto sem supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMSSST). A mortalidade total para IAMCSST foi 21% e a intra-hospitalar foi de 17,2%. Nos pacientes com IAMCSST, 46,0% foram submetidos a terapia de reperfus&#227;o, com 88 angioplastias prim&#225;rias e seis tromb&#243;lises. AAS foi administrado a 95,1% dos pacientes nas primeiras 24 horas e a 93,5% na alta, inibidores do P2Y<sub>12</sub> foram administrados a 88,7% dos participantes nas primeiras 24 horas e a 75,1% na alta. Ao todo, 73,1% receberam heparina nas primeiras 24 horas.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Foram observadas baixa taxa de reperfus&#227;o em pacientes com IAMCSST e ades&#227;o limitada aos tratamentos preconizados para abordagem da SCA na Regi&#227;o Ampliada Norte de MG. Estas observa&#231;&#245;es possibilitam oportunidades para melhoria do cuidado em sa&#250;de.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda / epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Perfil de Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicadores de Qualidade de Assist&#234;ncia &#224; Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemedicina</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais</funding-source>
          <award-id>RED061-11</award-id>
          <award-id>RED018-14</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnol&#243;gico</funding-source>
          <award-id>309073/2011-1</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior</funding-source>
          <award-id>99999.002354/2015-02</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos</funding-source>
          <award-id>1493/10</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>O presente estudo foi financiado pela Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (RED061-11 AND RED018-14), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnol&#243;gico (309073/2011-1), Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior (99999.002354/2015-02) e Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos - FINEP (1493/10).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>O infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) &#233; a principal causa de morte no Brasil (8,8% dos &#243;bitos em 2012)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> e no mundo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> No Brasil, a mortalidade de pacientes com IAM &#233; mais elevada no sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de, quando comparada &#224; do sistema privado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Este fato &#233; atribu&#237;do &#224;s dificuldades no acesso do paciente com IAM ao tratamento em terapia intensiva, aos m&#233;todos de reperfus&#227;o e &#224;s medidas terap&#234;uticas de efic&#225;cia estabelecida para o IAM.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Dados provenientes de diversos registros mostram que a terapia de reperfus&#227;o &#233; deficiente em muitos pa&#237;ses, mesmo quando dispon&#237;vel para pacientes sem contraindica&#231;&#227;o ao procedimento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Nos pacientes com IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST), a falta de reperfus&#227;o &#233; um preditor independente de mortalidade. Al&#233;m disso, nos pacientes com acesso &#224; reperfus&#227;o, atrasos para o in&#237;cio da sua institui&#231;&#227;o podem influenciar os desfechos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A linha de cuidado do IAM foi definida como priorit&#225;ria pelo Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> mas as experi&#234;ncias nacionais nesta &#225;rea ainda s&#227;o escassas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> A Regi&#227;o Ampliada Norte de Minas Gerais (MG) apresenta condi&#231;&#245;es adversas e peculiares, como baixo n&#237;vel socioecon&#244;mico, grande extens&#227;o territorial (com abrang&#234;ncia de 89 munic&#237;pios) e dificuldades log&#237;sticas para o atendimento ao paciente, incluindo estradas de terra, trajeto com balsas e intercepta&#231;&#227;o de ambul&#226;ncias<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1</xref>). A implanta&#231;&#227;o da linha de cuidado do IAM em tais condi&#231;&#245;es &#233; particularmente desafiadora.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f4">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Localiza&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica do Norte de Minas Gerais. Fonte: Abreu, RL.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-107-02-0106-60095-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil cl&#237;nico e epidemiol&#243;gico dos casos de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) na Regi&#227;o Ampliada Norte de MG, com &#234;nfase na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos dos pacientes atendidos no sistema hospitalar de urg&#234;ncia e seus indicadores de qualidade, como parte do Projeto Minas Telecardio 2.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>O Projeto Minas Telecardio 2</title>
          <p>Trata-se de um projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido pela Rede de Teleassist&#234;ncia de Minas Gerais, uma parceria de seis universidades p&#250;blicas mineiras coordenadas pelo Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Consiste na implanta&#231;&#227;o da linha de cuidado do IAM na Regi&#227;o Ampliada Norte de MG, de acordo com a portaria 2.994 de dezembro de 2011, do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Trata-se de um estudo <italic>quasi</italic>-experimental realizado em tr&#234;s etapas: estabelecimento da linha de base, implanta&#231;&#227;o da linha de cuidado do IAM e reavalia&#231;&#227;o dos indicadores ap&#243;s a implanta&#231;&#227;o. Todas as fases j&#225; foram conclu&#237;das.</p>
          <p>A primeira fase, objeto do presente estudo, consistiu em um estudo prospectivo de todos os casos de SCA atendidos no Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS) de 19 de junho de 2013 a 31 de mar&#231;o de 2014, admitidos nas seis portas de entrada de urg&#234;ncia de Montes Claros, para onde eram encaminhados rotineiramente os casos de SCA da regi&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Estrutura para atendimento ao infarto na Regi&#227;o Ampliada Norte de MG</title>
          <p>A Regi&#227;o Ampliada Norte de MG &#233; coberta pelo servi&#231;o pr&#233;-hospitalar do Servi&#231;o de Atendimento M&#243;vel de Urg&#234;ncia (SAMU) com abrang&#234;ncia macrorregional que inclui sete ambul&#226;ncias avan&#231;adas (Unidade de Suporte Avan&#231;ado, USA), 47 ambul&#226;ncias b&#225;sicas (Unidade de Suporte B&#225;sico, USB) e um ve&#237;culo de intercepta&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref>), distribu&#237;dos em 37 bases.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f5">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Estrutura pr&#233;-hospitalar e hospitalar na Regi&#227;o Ampliada Norte de Minas Gerais. A: Distribui&#231;&#227;o das Unidades do SAMU, B: Rede de resposta hospitalar. Hospitais n&#237;vel I com sala de hemodin&#226;mica em Montes Claros Fonte: Souza, RF; Santos-Junior, RR. Secretaria de Estado de Sa&#250;de de Minas Gerais, 2013.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-107-02-0106-60095-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>O atendimento ao IAM nesta regi&#227;o se concentra no munic&#237;pio de Montes Claros, polo macrorregional, para onde s&#227;o encaminhados rotineiramente os pacientes de outros munic&#237;pios. Montes Claros possui tr&#234;s hospitais de Alta Complexidade em Cardiologia (Santa Casa, Dilson Godinho e Aroldo Tourinho), com quatro salas de hemodin&#226;mica, leitos de unidade coronariana e equipes de cirurgia cardiovascular, cardiologia e hemodin&#226;mica que atendem a rede SUS. Al&#233;m desses hospitais, considerados n&#237;vel I para atendimento do IAM,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> h&#225; em Montes Claros um hospital n&#237;vel II (Hospital Universit&#225;rio Clemente de Faria), um pronto-socorro municipal (Hospital Alpheu de Quadros) com estrutura semelhante &#224; de uma unidade de pronto atendimento, e um hospital conveniado ao SUS para atendimento eletivo, procurado ocasionalmente por pacientes com IAM. Fora de Montes Claros, a rede hospitalar da regi&#227;o &#233; composta por 18 hospitais regionais (tr&#234;s hospitais n&#237;vel II, quatro n&#237;vel III e 10 n&#237;vel IV) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Coleta de dados</title>
          <p>Foi estabelecido um sistema de vigil&#226;ncia no SAMU e nas seis portas de entrada de urg&#234;ncia de Montes Claros. Os dados cl&#237;nicos foram coletados por enfermeiros e acad&#234;micos de medicina treinados atrav&#233;s de an&#225;lise de prontu&#225;rio e entrevistas com os pacientes admitidos nos hospitais, usando formul&#225;rios padronizados. Os pacientes foram acompanhados at&#233; a alta hospitalar. Todos os formul&#225;rios foram revisados por uma especialista (BM).</p>
          <p>Entre os 1016 pacientes avaliados, 593 casos foram confirmados como SCA e inclu&#237;dos no estudo. Tais pacientes foram classificados com base em crit&#233;rios internacionais como portadores de IAMCSST, IAM sem supradesnivelamento de ST (IAMSSST) e angina inst&#225;vel (AI).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
					</p>
          <p>A presen&#231;a de fatores de risco ou comorbidades foi registrada, incluindo IAM pr&#233;vio (&lt; 90 dias = recente, &#8805; 90 dias = tardio), cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio (CRVM) ou angioplastia pr&#233;via, doen&#231;a de Chagas, hipertens&#227;o arterial (autorreferida ou em uso de medica&#231;&#227;o anti-hipertensiva), dislipidemia, diabetes mellitus, tabagismo, insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica dial&#237;tica e hist&#243;ria familiar de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, considerada positiva em pacientes com parentes de primeiro grau do sexo masculino que apresentaram IAM com idade &#8804; 55 anos e/ou do sexo feminino com idade &#8804; 65 anos.</p>
          <p>Foram avaliados tamb&#233;m a proced&#234;ncia do paciente e o tipo de transporte utilizado para desloc&#225;-los at&#233; o servi&#231;o em Montes Claros.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Medidas de qualidade e desfechos</title>
          <p>Foram avaliados os indicadores de qualidades preconizados pelas diretrizes da <italic>American Heart Association</italic> (AHA) / <italic>American College of Cardiology</italic> (ACC):<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
					</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Realiza&#231;&#227;o e modalidade de terapia de reperfus&#227;o;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Medica&#231;&#245;es administradas nas primeiras 24 horas e na alta hospitalar;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Tempo decorrido at&#233; in&#237;cio do tratamento.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>Foi avaliada a administra&#231;&#227;o das seguintes medica&#231;&#245;es nas primeiras 24 horas: &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico (AAS), inibidores do P2Y<sub>12</sub> (clopidogrel ou ticagrelor), heparinas (heparina n&#227;o fracionada ou heparina de baixo peso molecular), estatinas e inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA) ou bloqueadores do receptor da angiotensina II (BRA). A administra&#231;&#227;o das mesmas medica&#231;&#245;es foi avaliada tamb&#233;m na alta hospitalar, com exce&#231;&#227;o das heparinas.</p>
          <p>Os tempos avaliados foram: tempo de resposta do servi&#231;o pr&#233;-hospitalar (tempo entre a chamada e a chegada ao local de atendimento), tempo total de transporte do servi&#231;o pr&#233;-hospitalar (tempo de resposta do servi&#231;o pr&#233;-hospitalar + tempo do local de atendimento at&#233; o hospital em Montes Claros), tempo porta-ECG (para pacientes que realizaram ECG em Montes Claros), tempo porta-bal&#227;o, tempo port-agulha e tempo total de isquemia (tempo de in&#237;cio da dor at&#233; atendimento m&#233;dico + tempo porta-bal&#227;o ou porta-agulha). Nos pacientes com indica&#231;&#227;o de tratamento cl&#237;nico n&#227;o foram avaliados os tempos porta-bal&#227;o e porta-agulha, ou o tempo total de isquemia.</p>
          <p>Os desfechos avaliados foram mortalidade total (durante atendimento pr&#233;-hospitalar e intra-hospitalar), mortalidade intra-hospitalar, tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o at&#233; o &#243;bito, sangramento maior conforme a classifica&#231;&#227;o de TIMI,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> e acidente vascular hemorr&#225;gico (AVCH).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pela Comiss&#227;o de &#201;tica em Pesquisa das institui&#231;&#245;es envolvidas, parecer n&#250;mero 260/09, e conduzido em conson&#226;ncia com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki e Resolu&#231;&#227;o 196/96, vigente quando de sua aprova&#231;&#227;o. Todos os pacientes e os representantes de cada servi&#231;o forneceram consentimento informado para a participa&#231;&#227;o no estudo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o apresentadas como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o ou mediana (intervalo interquartil) e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas como frequ&#234;ncia (%). A normalidade da distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foi analisada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Os tempos de tratamento nos pacientes com e sem desfecho no subgrupo IAMCSST foram comparados pelo teste <italic>t</italic> de Student ou de Mann-Whitney, de acordo com a sua distribui&#231;&#227;o. O valor de p bicaudal &lt; 0,05 foi considerado significante estatisticamente. Todas as an&#225;lises foram realizadas com o programa SPSS vers&#227;o 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, EUA).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda</title>
          <p>No per&#237;odo do estudo, 593 pacientes foram admitidos com SCA, incluindo 51,6% com AI, 36% com IAMCSST e 12,3% com IAMSSST. A m&#233;dia de idade dos pacientes foi de 63 &#177; 12 anos e 67,6% eram do sexo masculino. Comorbidades e fatores de risco, munic&#237;pio de origem e tipo de transporte utilizado podem ser observados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas clinicas gerais e dos subgrupos com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda, exclu&#237;dos os &#243;bitos pr&#233;-hospitalares (n=583)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Todos pacientes (n = 583)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>IAMCSST (n = 204)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>IAMSSST (n = 73)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Angina inst&#225;vel (n = 306)</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Idade (anos)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">63 &#177; 12</td>
                  <td align="center">62 &#177; 13</td>
                  <td align="center">63 &#177; 12</td>
                  <td align="center">63 &#177; 11</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Sexo masculino</td>
                  <td align="center">138 (67,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">138 (67,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (60,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">165 (53,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Municipio de proced&#234;ncia</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Montes Claros</td>
                  <td align="center">250 (42,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">72 (35,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (32,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">154 (50,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Demais 88 municipios</td>
                  <td align="center">333 (57,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">132 (64,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (77,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">152 (49,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Proced&#234;ncia paciente</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Hospital ou ambulat&#243;rio em outro municipio<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">264 (45,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">117 (57,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">39 (53,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">109 (35,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Demanda espont&#226;nea</td>
                  <td align="center">229 (39,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (25,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (26,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">159 (52,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Servi&#231;o pr&#233;-hospitalar</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (8,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (10,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (15,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 ( 5,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Hospital ou ambulat&#243;rio em Montes Claros<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8224;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (6,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (6,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (5,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (7,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Tipo de transporte&#8225;</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Veiculo pr&#243;prio</td>
                  <td align="center">229 (39,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (25,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (24,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">155 (50,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Ambul&#226;ncia servi&#231;o pr&#233;-hospitalar</td>
                  <td align="center">173 (29,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (49,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (37,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">46 (15,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Ambul&#226;ncia ou carro de sa&#250;de do municipio</td>
                  <td align="center">166 (28,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">53 (25,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (37,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">86 (28,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#212;nibus do municipio</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (6,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Comorbidades e fatores de risco</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o arterial</td>
                  <td align="center">462 (79,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">153 (75)</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (74,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">255 (83,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Dislipidemia</td>
                  <td align="center">255 (43,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">69 (33,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (42,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">155 (50,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tabagismo</td>
                  <td align="center">116 (19,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">53 (26,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (26,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (14,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">DM</td>
                  <td align="center">139 (23,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">47 (23,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (24,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">74 (24,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- DM em uso de insulina</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (7,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (6,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (6,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (8,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Uso pr&#233;vio de &#225;cido acetilsalicilico</td>
                  <td align="center">252 (43,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">58 (28,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">28 (38,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">166 (54,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Acidente vascular cerebral pr&#233;vio</td>
                  <td align="center">39 (6,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (5,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (5,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (7,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Hist&#243;ria familiar positiva</td>
                  <td align="center">235 (40,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">73 (35,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 (41,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">132 (43,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de doen&#231;a coronariana</td>
                  <td align="center">134 (23,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (11,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (17,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">96 (31,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Angioplastia pr&#233;via</td>
                  <td align="center">91 (15,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (9,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">8(11,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">62 (20,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio</td>
                  <td align="center">43 (7,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (2,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (6,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (11,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Doen&#231;a de Chagas</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (8,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (6,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (12,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">29 (9,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Etilismo</td>
                  <td align="center">139 (23,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (25,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (20,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">73 (23,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                  <td align="center">98 (16,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">33 (16,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (12,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">56 (18,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Recente</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (3,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (4,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (2,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (2,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">-Tardio</td>
                  <td align="center">77 (13,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (11,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (9,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">47 (15,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Dados angiogr&#225;ficos<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref></bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Localiza&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o culpada</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Descendente anterior</td>
                  <td align="center">210/511 (41,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">98/194 (50,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">24/70 (34,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">88/247 (35,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Coron&#225;ria direita</td>
                  <td align="center">112/511 (21,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">67/194 (34,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">14/70 (20,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">31/247 (12,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Circunflexa</td>
                  <td align="center">76/511 (14,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">26/194 (13,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">21/70 (30,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">29/247 (11,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Enxerto arterial ou venoso</td>
                  <td align="center">6/511 (1,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1/70 (1,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">5/247 (2,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Sem obstru&#231;&#227;o significativa (&lt; 50%)</td>
                  <td align="center">107/511 (20,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">3/194 (1,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">10/70 (14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">94/247 (38,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>TIMI fluxo pr&#233;-procedimento</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- TIMI 0</td>
                  <td align="center">150/511 (29,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">139/194 (71,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">11/70 (15,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- TIMI 1</td>
                  <td align="center">74/511 (14,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">27/194 (13,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">15/70 (21,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">32/247 (13,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- TIMI 2</td>
                  <td align="center">97/511 (19,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">17/194 (8,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">17/70 (24,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">66/247 (26,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- TIMI 3</td>
                  <td align="center">187/511 (36,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">11/194 (5,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">27/70 (38,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">149/247 (60,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Outros vasos com les&#227;o &#8805; 70% al&#233;m da art&#233;ria culpada</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Um</td>
                  <td align="center">116/511 (22,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">51/194 (26,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">14/70 (19,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">51/247 (20,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Dois</td>
                  <td align="center">123/511 (24,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">64/194 (33,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">16/70 (22,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">43/247 (17,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Tr&#234;s</td>
                  <td align="center">39/511 (7,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">14/194 (7,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">8/70(11,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">17/247 (6,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Angioplastia com implante tipo stent</td>
                  <td align="center">250/511 (48,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">148/194 (76,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">31/70 (44,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">71/247 (28,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Sucesso angiogr&#225;fico p&#243;s-procedimentot</td>
                  <td align="center">211/250 (84,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">114/148 (77,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">27/31 (90,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">70/71 (98,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o (dias)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4-14)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6-16)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (7-18)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4-12)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- &#211;bito intra-hospitalar</td>
                  <td align="center">55(9,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (17,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (6,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (4,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">- Tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o at&#233; o &#243;bito (dias)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (2-19)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (1-15)</td>
                  <td align="center">(8-30)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (8-34)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN9">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>N&#227;o realizaram coronariografia tr&#234;s dos 73 pacientes com IAMSSST, 59 dos 206 pacientes com angina inst&#225;vel e 10 pacientes com IAMCSSST.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN10">
                <label>&#8224;</label>
                <p>Considerado sucesso angiogr&#225;fico o fluxo TIMI 3. IAMCSST: infarto com supradesnivelamento do ST; IAMSSST: infarto sem supradesnivelamento do ST; DM: diabetes mellitus; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Permaneceram em tratamento cl&#237;nico 72 pacientes, 59 dos quais apresentavam AI, 10 IAMCSST e tr&#234;s IAMSSST.</p>
          <p>Foram submetidos a procedimentos de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o 355 (59,8%) pacientes, com 250 angioplastias e 105 CRVM. Dezessete pacientes foram submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o da art&#233;ria culpada e posteriormente, durante a interna&#231;&#227;o, &#224; CRVM.</p>
          <p>As medica&#231;&#245;es administradas nas 24 horas e na alta podem ser observadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref>. Dos 181 pacientes que n&#227;o receberam betabloqueador nas primeiras 24 horas, 39 (21,5%) apresentavam contraindica&#231;&#245;es: 15 por choque cardiog&#234;nico, 12 por estarem em Killip 2 e 12 por apresentarem uma frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (FC) &lt; 60 batimentos/minuto. Os demais 142 (78,5%) pacientes se encontravam em Killip I ou apresentavam AI e FC &gt; 60 batimentos/minuto.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t5">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Medica&#231;&#245;es administradas nas 24 horas e na alta a todos os pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda e nos pacientes em cada subgrupo, exclu&#237;dos os &#243;bitos pr&#233;-hospitalares (n = 583)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
                    <bold>Medica&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Todos pacientes</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>IAMCSST</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>IAMSSST</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Angina inst&#225;vel</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>24 horas</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n = 583</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n = 204</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n = 73</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n = 306</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Aspirina</td>
                  <td align="center">563 (96,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">194 (95,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">69 (94,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">300 (98,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Inibidores do P2Y<sub>12</sub></td>
                  <td align="center">501 (85,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">181 (88,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">65 (89,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">255 (83,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Heparinas<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">372 (63,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">155 (73,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">58 (79,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">160 (52,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Betabloqueadores</td>
                  <td align="center">402 (69,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">139 (68,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (71,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">211 (69,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Estatinas</td>
                  <td align="center">474 (81,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">168 (82,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">59 (80,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">247 (80,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IECA ou BRA</td>
                  <td align="center">391 (67,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">131 (64,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">45 (61,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">215 (70,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Alta<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#8224;</xref></bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n = 528</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n = 169</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n = 68</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n = 291</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#193;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico</td>
                  <td align="center">492 (93,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">158 (93,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">64 (94,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">270 (92,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Inibidores do P2Y<sub>12</sub></td>
                  <td align="center">362 (68,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">127 (75,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">46 (67,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">183 (62,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Betabloqueadores</td>
                  <td align="center">411 (77,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">136 (80,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">56 (82,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">219 (75,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Estatinas</td>
                  <td align="center">452 (85,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">149 (88,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">62 (91,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">241 (82,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IECA ou BRA</td>
                  <td align="center">337 (63,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">109 (64,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (61,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">186 (63,9)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN11">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>Heparina n&#227;o fracionada ou heparina de baixo peso molecular. IAMCSST: infarto com supradesnivelamento do ST; IAMSSST: infarto sem supradesnivelamento do ST; IECA: inibidor da enzima conversora de angiotensina; BRA: bloqueador do receptor da angiotensina II.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN12">
                <label>&#8224;</label>
                <p>Exclu&#237;dos os pacientes que evolu&#237;ram a &#243;bito.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Dez pacientes apresentaram complica&#231;&#245;es hemorr&#225;gicas, nove com sangramento maior segundo a classifica&#231;&#227;o de TIMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> e um com AVCH; esses pacientes receberam alta sem AAS ou inibidores do P2Y<sub>12</sub>. A mortalidade de todos os pacientes com SCA foi de 9,4% e a mediana do tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o at&#233; o &#243;bito foi de 9 (2-19) dias.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Pacientes com IAMCSST</title>
          <p>Os tempos decorridos, analisados nos 204 pacientes com IAMCSST com exce&#231;&#227;o dos &#243;bitos pr&#233;-hospitalares, se encontram descritos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref>. Desses pacientes, 57,5% apresentavam tempo de dor menor que 12 horas e 46,0% foram submetidos &#224; terapia de reperfus&#227;o, com 88 angioplastias prim&#225;rias e seis casos de tromb&#243;lise (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3</xref>). Nos pacientes eleg&#237;veis para revasculariza&#231;&#227;o, a reperfus&#227;o ocorreu em 70,6% dos casos. Nos pacientes submetidos &#224; angioplastia prim&#225;ria, 37,5% foram submetidos ao procedimento com um tempo porta-bal&#227;o maior que 90 minutos. Todos os 82 (42,5%) pacientes com tempo de dor maior que 12 horas foram submetidos &#224; angioplastia, incluindo 11 pacientes (5,4% do total) que se encontravam em choque cardiog&#234;nico, 22 (10,8%) que tiveram recorr&#234;ncia da dor e 49 (24,0%) que apresentavam a art&#233;ria oclu&#237;da (TIMI 0), n&#227;o tiveram recorr&#234;ncia da dor e se encontravam assintom&#225;ticos.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t6">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Tempos decorridos, analisados nos pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (n = 204)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
                    <bold>Tempos decorridos (min)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Todos os pacientes (n = 204)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>&#211;bitos intra-hospitalar (n = 35)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Sem &#243;bito (n = 169)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>p</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo de resposta do servi&#231;o pr&#233;-hospitalar<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref> (n = 77)</td>
                  <td align="center">80 (24-177)</td>
                  <td align="center">112 (40-198)</td>
                  <td align="center">80 (23-178)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,79</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo de transporte do local de atendimento at&#233; o hospital em Montes Claros (n = 77)</td>
                  <td align="center">45 (18-84)</td>
                  <td align="center">61 (32-145)</td>
                  <td align="center">45(15-71)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,47</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo total de transporte pr&#233;-hospitalar<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">&#8224;</xref> (n = 77)</td>
                  <td align="center">177 (50-312)</td>
                  <td align="center">201 (140-334)</td>
                  <td align="center">171 (48-304)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,32</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo porta-ECG<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">&#8225;</xref> (n = 80)</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (11-70)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10-31)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 (11-77)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,36</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo porta-bal&#227;o (n = 141)</td>
                  <td align="center">94(41-386)</td>
                  <td align="center">90 (31-392)</td>
                  <td align="center">94 (45-384)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,62</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo porta-agulha (n = 4)</td>
                  <td align="center">67 (49-73)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">67 (49-73)</td>
                  <td align="center">--</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo at&#233; a procura por atendimento m&#233;dico (n = 204)</td>
                  <td align="center">486 (248-1657)</td>
                  <td align="center">414 (215-1521)</td>
                  <td align="center">549 (249-1521)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,63</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tempo total de isquemia<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#167;</xref> (n = 137)</td>
                  <td align="center">683 (391-1963)</td>
                  <td align="center">587 (346-2283)</td>
                  <td align="center">691 (393-1934)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,91</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN13">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>Tempo de resposta do servi&#231;o pr&#233;-hospitalar &#8211; tempo entre a chamada e a chegada ao local de atendimento;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN14">
                <label>&#8224;</label>
                <p>Tempo total de transporte do servi&#231;o pr&#233;-hospitalar &#8211; tempo de resposta do servi&#231;o pr&#233;-hospitalar + tempo do local atendimento at&#233; um hospital em Montes Claros;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN15">
                <label>&#8225;</label>
                <p>Tempo porta-ECG &#8211; para pacientes que realizaram ECG em Montes Claros, tempo entre a realiza&#231;&#227;o do ECG e a admiss&#227;o;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN16">
                <label>&#167;</label>
                <p>Tempo total de isquemia - tempo de in&#237;cio da dor at&#233; atendimento m&#233;dico + tempo portabal&#227;o ou porta-agulha. Nos pacientes que receberam apenas tratamento cl&#237;nico (n = 64) n&#227;o foram avaliados os tempos porta-bal&#227;o, porta-agulha e tempo total de isquemia. O valor de p se refere &#224; compara&#231;&#227;o entre os grupos &#8220;&#243;bitos intrahospitalares&#8221; versus &#8220;sem &#243;bitos&#8221;, analisada com o teste de Mann-Whitney.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>
            <fig id="f6">
              <label>Figura 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Diagrama de tratamento dos pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-107-02-0106-60095-gf03-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos antiplaquet&#225;rios nos pacientes com IAMCSST, 95,1% receberam AAS nas 24 horas e 93,5% na alta; o inibidor do P2Y<sub>12</sub> foi administrado dentro de 24 horas em 88,7% dos pacientes e na alta em 75,1% deles. Dentro das 24 horas, 73,1% dos pacientes receberam heparina e 68,1% receberam um betabloqueador. Dos 48 (31,9%) pacientes que n&#227;o receberam betabloqueadores, 30 n&#227;o apresentavam contraindica&#231;&#227;o para isto e se encontravam em Killip I.</p>
          <p>O n&#250;mero total de mortes entre os 214 casos de IAMCSST foi de 45 (21,0%), com dez (4,6%) &#243;bitos no atendimento pr&#233;-hospitalar e 35 (17,2%) &#243;bitos intra-hospitalares. A mediana do tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o at&#233; o &#243;bito foi de 3 (1-15) dias.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Este estudo revela as condi&#231;&#245;es de tratamento da SCA longe dos grandes centros metropolitanos brasileiros, fornecendo informa&#231;&#245;es quanto &#224; forma de apresenta&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a e &#224; pr&#225;tica assistencial corrente neste territ&#243;rio. Nossos principais achados foram a elevada mortalidade intra-hospitalar, a baixa taxa de reperfus&#227;o e um uso excessivo da angioplastia prim&#225;ria como forma de tratamento, mesmo quando o tempo de transporte &#233; maior que preconizado pelas diretrizes, reduzindo o benef&#237;cio da angioplastia prim&#225;ria frente &#224; tromb&#243;lise. Em alguns casos, a angioplastia foi realizada mesmo com tempo de isquemia maior que 12 horas e aus&#234;ncia de sintomas. Al&#233;m disso, observou-se uma ades&#227;o insuficiente aos indicadores de qualidade do IAM.</p>
        <p>Semelhante a outros registros de SCA<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> e ao Registro Brasileiro de S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda - ACCEPT, a AI foi o diagn&#243;stico mais frequente (51,7%), seguida pelo IAMCSST (33,8%) e IAMSSST (12,3%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> No entanto, &#233; poss&#237;vel que a preval&#234;ncia do IAMSSST tenha sido subestimada, uma vez que o ensaio de troponina utilizado para diagn&#243;stico na regi&#227;o &#233; qualitativo e tem como ponto de corte o valor de 0,5 ng/mL (<italic>cTnI One Step Troponin I Test Device</italic>). Com uso de marcadores de necrose mioc&#225;rdica e ensaios de troponina mais sens&#237;veis, o n&#250;mero de casos de IAMSSST deve aumentar e os de AI reduzir, como descrito na literatura.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Neste estudo, a mortalidade intra-hospitalar do IAMCSST foi de 17,2%, que est&#225; acima da observada nos registros nacionais e internacionais de SCA (cerca de 8%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> No entanto, tanto o ACCEPT como o <italic>Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events</italic> (GRACE) incluiu pacientes atendidos em centros terci&#225;rios especializados. No caso do registro ACCEPT<italic>,</italic> dos 23 servi&#231;os participantes, quatro eram privados, 15 filantr&#243;picos e quatro p&#250;blicos. Al&#233;m disso, todos os servi&#231;os dispunham de unidades coronarianas e laborat&#243;rios de hemodin&#226;mica capacitados a realizar procedimentos de interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O &#205;ndice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) do estado de MG &#233; de 0,731, mas a Regi&#227;o Ampliada Norte de MG diferencia-se do restante do estado, apresentando um &#237;ndice pr&#243;ximo ao dos estados mais pobres do Brasil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Os munic&#237;pios nesta regi&#227;o tamb&#233;m t&#234;m diferen&#231;as importantes em IDHs, variando de 0,770 em Montes Claros a 0,537 em Bonito de Minas, com uma m&#233;dia de 0,691 na regi&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> A taxa de analfabetismo no ano de 2010 na regi&#227;o foi de 15,8%, chegando a um &#237;ndice de 37,2% em alguns munic&#237;pios.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O munic&#237;pio de Montes Claros desempenha a fun&#231;&#227;o de munic&#237;pio polo macrorregional. Mais da metade dos leitos hospitalares credenciados pelo SUS est&#227;o concentrados em estabelecimentos de pequeno porte que apresentam baixa densidade tecnol&#243;gica, baixa capacita&#231;&#227;o institucional e, por consequ&#234;ncia, prec&#225;ria capacidade resolutiva.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> A maioria das estradas ainda se encontra sem asfaltamento e em alguns munic&#237;pios a travessia at&#233; o local de atendimento m&#233;dico &#233; feita por balsas,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> o que dificulta o deslocamento intermunicipal.</p>
        <p>Desta forma, a fim de solucionar o problema das longas dist&#226;ncias e a car&#234;ncia de ambul&#226;ncias com suporte avan&#231;ado, as equipes do SAMU organizaram um sistema de intercepta&#231;&#227;o de ambul&#226;ncias, no qual o paciente &#233; trocado de ambul&#226;ncia (de um ve&#237;culo com suporte b&#225;sico para outro com suporte avan&#231;ado, ou de uma ambul&#226;ncia com suporte avan&#231;ado para outra tamb&#233;m com suporte avan&#231;ado pertencente a outra microrregi&#227;o), com o intuito de lev&#225;-lo a um local com mais recursos para sua estabiliza&#231;&#227;o e continuidade de tratamento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Entretanto, esta a&#231;&#227;o aumenta o tempo de transporte, pois h&#225; gasto de tempo para a espera pela ambul&#226;ncia e para a troca do paciente para a outra ambul&#226;ncia. Esta complexidade log&#237;stica na regi&#227;o retarda o in&#237;cio do tratamento do paciente e pode ter refletido nos altos &#237;ndices de mortalidade observados neste estudo.</p>
        <p>Foi observada baixa taxa de reperfus&#227;o (46%) nos pacientes com IAMCSST. Estes dados refletem a forma de tratamento que era utilizada na regi&#227;o, com subutiliza&#231;&#227;o da tromb&#243;lise pr&#233;-hospitalar e centraliza&#231;&#227;o do tratamento em Montes Claros, onde se preconizava a angioplastia prim&#225;ria. Considerando-se as grandes dist&#226;ncias envolvidas nesta regi&#227;o e a exist&#234;ncia do SAMU regional, a tromb&#243;lise pr&#233;-hospitalar seria uma solu&#231;&#227;o para melhorar as taxas de reperfus&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Dados do registro brasileiro de SCA (ACCEPT) mostraram uma taxa de reperfus&#227;o de 88% (85,4% dos casos por angioplastia prim&#225;ria e 14,6% por tromb&#243;lise) nos pacientes com IAMCSST; no entanto, apenas 49,6% dos pacientes deste registro eram do SUS. Al&#233;m disso, este registro incluiu centros de refer&#234;ncia e 60,3% dos participantes eram de regi&#245;es federativas do sudeste.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> Por outro lado, o registro GRACE relatou uma taxa de reperfus&#227;o de 70% e uma diferen&#231;a no tipo de reperfus&#227;o de acordo com a localiza&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica e o tipo do hospital.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> Em nenhum desses registros participaram centros com a complexidade log&#237;stica da Regi&#227;o Ampliada Norte de MG.</p>
        <p>No presente estudo, todos os pacientes com IAMCSST e tempo de dor &gt; 12 horas foram submetidos &#224; angioplastia. No entanto, apenas 40,2% dos pacientes apresentavam indica&#231;&#227;o precisa para o procedimento (choque cardiog&#234;nico ou recorr&#234;ncia de dor). Os demais se encontravam assintom&#225;ticos e com a art&#233;ria culpada oclu&#237;da.</p>
        <p>A utiliza&#231;&#227;o do uso do AAS nas 24 horas e na alta apresentou &#237;ndices satisfat&#243;rios, entre 96,6% e 93,2%, alinhados com registros semelhantes descritos na literatura.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; heparina, o uso foi abaixo dos descritos nos registros: 63,8% no grupo geral, 73,1% no subgrupo com IAMCSST e 52,3% no subgrupo com AI. A an&#225;lise de dados brasileiros inclu&#237;dos no registro GRACE registrou o uso de heparina nas 24 horas, em torno de 80% dos pacientes,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> dados semelhantes aos do registro ACCEPT.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Apesar de haver na regi&#227;o um SAMU organizado e macrorregional, tr&#234;s servi&#231;os de hemodin&#226;mica com quatro m&#225;quinas dispon&#237;veis para realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos de interven&#231;&#227;o, hospitais com recursos materiais e humanos, foi observada uma elevada mortalidade e baixas taxas de reperfus&#227;o nos pacientes com IAMCSST. Estes dados nos mostram que para aprimorar os resultados &#233; preciso, al&#233;m de recursos materiais, a integra&#231;&#227;o da rede assistencial, com a implanta&#231;&#227;o e ades&#227;o a um protocolo baseado em evid&#234;ncias e escolha do m&#233;todo de reperfus&#227;o adaptado &#224;s realidades locais. Medidas simples de organiza&#231;&#227;o da assist&#234;ncia e envolvimento efetivo de todos os atores que participam da aten&#231;&#227;o ao paciente podem promover melhorias substanciais do cuidado, com impacto potencial sobre os indicadores assistenciais, a morbidade e a mortalidade dos pacientes com SCA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> Adicionalmente, a implanta&#231;&#227;o da linha de cuidado ou sistema de cuidado para a SCA exige o treinamento e educa&#231;&#227;o continuada das equipes, a fim de obter maior ades&#227;o &#224;s medidas terap&#234;uticas estabelecidas para o IAM. Por fim, a implanta&#231;&#227;o de sistemas de tele-ECG nas unidades de emerg&#234;ncia e ambul&#226;ncias permitem, sabidamente, o diagn&#243;stico precoce do IAMCSST, aumentando a possibilidade de reperfus&#227;o em tempo adequado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
				</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
          <p>Por quest&#245;es de log&#237;stica, n&#227;o foram coletados dados dos pacientes com SCA admitidos nos hospitais regionais. Por&#233;m, como o atendimento da SCA na regi&#227;o era centralizado em Montes Claros, acredita-se que os dados coletados refletem a grande maioria dos casos da regi&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>Este estudo observou, na Regi&#227;o Ampliada Norte de MG, elevada mortalidade hospitalar, baixa taxa de reperfus&#227;o no IAMCSST e ades&#227;o insuficiente aos protocolos preconizados para tratamento da SCA, sugerindo que a melhoria do processo assistencial possa se refletir em redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade e melhoria dos indicadores assistenciais.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pela Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (RED061-11 AND RED018-14), Con selho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnol&#243;gico (309073/2011-1), Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior (99999.002354/2015-02) e Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos - FINEP (1493/10).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de Doutorado de B&#225;rbara Campos Abreu Marino pelo Programa de Infectologia e Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
