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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">4hBgt8dgrRLK5KxFhwYCrtD</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2016004000010</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160091</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2016005017101</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Physical Activity and Lipid Profile in the ELSA- <italic>Brasil</italic> Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel Caroline da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Diniz</surname>
            <given-names>Maria de F&#225;tima Haueisen Sander</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alvim</surname>
            <given-names>Sheila</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vidigal</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Guatimosim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fedeli</surname>
            <given-names>Ligia Maria Giongo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Sandhi Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Sandhi Maria Barreto,</bold> Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190. Postal Code 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil. E-mail: <email>sandhi.barreto@gmail.com</email>; <email>sbarreto@medicina.ufmg.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Statistical analysis and Writing of the manuscript: da Silva RC, Diniz MFHS, Barreto SM; Acquisition of data: Vidigal PG, Fedeli LMG, Barreto SM; Analysis and interpretation of the data: da Silva RC, Diniz MFHS, Alvim S, Vidigal PG, Fedeli LMG, Barreto SM; Obtaining financing: Barreto SM; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Alvim S, Vidigal PG, Fedeli LMG, Barreto SM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>107</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>10</fpage>
      <lpage>19</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Regular physical activity (PA) induces desirable changes in plasma levels of high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL, respectively) and triglycerides (TG), important risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. However, doubts whether intensity and duration have equivalent benefits remain.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To assess the association of PA intensity and duration with HDL, LDL and TG levels.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Cross-sectional study with 12,688 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) baseline, who were not on lipid-lowering medication. After adjustment for important covariates, multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of PA intensity and duration with HDL, LDL and TG (natural logarithm) levels.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>Both moderate and vigorous PA and PA practice &#8805; 150 min/week were significantly associated with higher HDL and lower TG levels. Vigorous PA was associated with lower LDL only on univariate analysis. After adjustments, moderate and vigorous PA increased mean HDL level by 0.89 mg/dL and 1.71 mg/dL, respectively, and reduced TG geometric mean by 0.98 mg/dL and 0.93 mg/dL, respectively. PA practice &#8805; 150 min/week increased mean HDL level by 1.05 mg/dL, and decreased TG geometric mean by 0.98 mg/dL.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>Our findings reinforce the benefits of both PA parameters studied on HDL and TG levels, with a slight advantage for vigorous PA as compared to the recommendation based only on PA duration.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Motor Activity</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Profile</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypercholesterolemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Cholesterol</kwd>
        <kwd>Triglycerides</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CNPq</funding-source>
          <award-id>01 06 0010.00 RS</award-id>
          <award-id>01 06 0212.00 BA</award-id>
          <award-id>01 06 0300.00 ES</award-id>
          <award-id>01 06 0278.00 MG</award-id>
          <award-id>01 06 0115.00 SP</award-id>
          <award-id>01 06 0071.00 RJ</award-id>
          <award-id>300159/99-4</award-id>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>High plasma concentrations of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> In addition to reducing the risk for CVD,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> an increase in HDL can halt the progression or even cause the regression of atherosclerotic plaques.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Observational and experimental studies have shown that regular practice of physical activity (PA) induces desirable changes in plasma lipid levels,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> especially HDL increase and TG decrease, in addition to triggering beneficial effects on total cholesterol and its low-density and very-low-density fractions (LDL and VLDL, respectively).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> The effect of PA on HDL and TG levels seems to depend on neither weight nor diet changes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> Physical activity is assumed to increase the activity of lipase lipoprotein and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and to reduce the activity of hepatic lipase and cholesterol esterified transfer protein, components of reverse cholesterol transport.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Despite the well-known benefits resulting from PA practice, there are controversies about which PA characteristic would be more important to improve lipid profile: exercise intensity,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> frequency,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> duration<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> or a combination of frequency and intensity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> The reduction in TG levels was associated with higher PA intensity, but not with PA frequency.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends, for adults aged 18-64 years, at least 150 min/week of moderate-intensity aerobic PA or 75 min/week of vigorous-intensity aerobic PA, or an equivalent combination of those, and aerobic activities should be performed in bouts of at least 10 minutes to yield benefits for cardiovascular health.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Few studies in Brazil have estimated the contribution of different aspects of PA to HDL, LDL and TG concentrations. The present study was aimed at estimating the association of intensity and duration of leisure-time PA with the lipid profile of adult men and women participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) and not using any lipid-lowering medication. The major objective of the ELSA-Brasil was to investigate the biological, behavioral, environmental, occupational and psychosocial determinants of the incidence of CVD and diabetes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>The ELSA-Brasil cohort included 15,105 active and retired individuals, aged 35 to 74 years, from teaching and research institutions in six Brazilian capitals. Because ELSA-Brasil is a multicenter study carried out in six states of three geopolitical regions of Brazil, it has an important diversity of phenotypes with information on a large number of sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical and laboratory factors that might influence lipid profile.</p>
      <p>The present study has a cross-sectional design and uses data from the baseline of ELSA-Brasil, carried out from 2008 to 2010. In the investigation centers, data were collected by certified interviewers and checkers, meeting the criteria recommended by a Quality Control Committee,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> allowing the necessary standardization.</p>
      <p>The eligibility criterion of the present study was as follows: individuals aged 35 to 69 years, undergoing laboratory tests to measure HDL, LDL and TG levels, and who answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) on leisure-time PA.</p>
      <p>Because IPAQ was validated only for adults up to the age of 69 years, 613 participants (4.06%) aged 70 to 74 years were excluded.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> In addition, 1,801 participants (11.92%) were ineligible because they were on medications that could influence HDL, LDL and TG levels: atorvastatin calcium; bezafibrate; ciprofibrate; ezetimibe; fenofibrate; fluvastatin sodium; gemfibrozil; lovastatin; nicotinamide; orlistat; pravastatin sodium; simvastatin; rosuvastatin calcium; nicotinic acid; conjugated estrogens and estrone sulfate. Three individuals (0.02%) had extreme TG and HDL levels and were excluded from the analysis. The final sample comprised 12,688 individuals (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Study population selection. HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-107-01-0010-60091-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>All laboratory parameters were measured in blood samples collected in the local investigation centers, after a mean 12-hour fasting period (minimum of 10 hours, and maximum of 14 hours). The samples were sent to the central laboratory of ELSA-Brasil in S&#227;o Paulo for analysis, via a transport service specialized in frozen biological material, and processed using ADVIA 1200 automated analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, USA). Triglyceride levels were measured by using the colorimetric method containing glycerophosphate and peroxidase. LDL levels were estimated by using Friedewald formula, and, when TG levels were higher than 400 mg/dL, homogeneous enzymatic colorimetric assay without precipitation was used. HDL levels were measured using homogeneous enzymatic colorimetric assay without precipitation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The results of HDL, LDL and TG measurements were assessed in continuous and categorical ways. The categorical analysis was obtained from cutoff points for the desirable minimum HDL levels, &#8805; 40 mg/dL for men and &#8805; 50 mg/dL for women. For LDL and TG levels, the cutoff points considered were below 160 mg/dL and 150 mg/dL, respectively.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Information regarding leisure-time PA practice were obtained via the long version of IPAQ for leisure-time PA, containing questions related to PA frequency, duration and intensity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Physical activity was categorized as follows: 1) insufficient - no PA practice OR some PA, but not meeting the other two categories; 2) moderate - 3 or more days of vigorous-intensity PA for at least 20 min/day, OR 5 or more days of moderate-intensity PA and/or walking, in combination or alone, at least 30 min/day, OR 5 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-or-vigorous-intensity PA achieving a minimum of 600 MET-min/week; and 3) vigorous - vigorous-intensity PA on at least 3 days, accumulating a minimum of 1500 MET-min/week, or 7 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-or-vigorous-intensity PA accumulating a minimum of 3000 MET-min/week.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In addition, PA was assessed by using both the total reported PA duration in min/week, represented by the sum of the time spent with insufficient-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA, and the categorization into little active or active, based on the WHO recommendation of moderate PA for at least 150 min/week, or vigorous PA for at least 75 min/week.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Sociodemographic characteristics included: sex; age (years); schooling (incomplete elementary, complete elementary, middle- or high-school level); per capita income obtained by dividing the mean point of each of the 10 bands of family net income per month by the number of people depending on that income (quintile); and self-reported race/skin color (black, mixed, white, yellow/native). Individuals self-reporting yellow skin color (2%) and native (1%) were grouped into a single category due to their small number.</p>
      <p>Anthropometric indicators were body mass index (BMI), obtained by dividing body weight (kg) by square height (m<sup>2</sup>), and waist/hip ratio (WHR), resulting from dividing waist circumference (cm) by hip circumference (cm). Body weight and standing height were measured according to consolidated technical standards and criteria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The validated food-frequency questionnaire provided data of participants' food intake.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> Regarding fruits and vegetables, regular intake was defined as their usual ingestion at least five days per week, and low intake, as their usual ingestion four or less days per week. The intake of fat and carbohydrates was assessed by their daily consumption in grams.</p>
      <p>The category "smoker" referred to having ever smoked at least 100 cigarettes during life and currently smoking, and "ex-smoker"/non-smoker referred to not currently smoking. The use of alcoholic beverages was categorized as follows: never used alcohol; ex-user; moderate user; and abuser. Alcohol abuse was defined as weekly alcohol consumption greater than 140 g and 210 g for women and men, respectively.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>The normality of distribution of each continuous variable was assessed by using Shapiro Wilk test. Variables with normal distribution were described as mean &#177; standard deviation, and the others, as median and interquartile intervals. The distribution of categorical variables was compared by using chi-square test, and that of continuous variables, by using Mann-Whitney test for those whose distribution was not normal. Because TG levels do not have normal distribution, they were transformed into natural logarithm (ln) in the regression model, with exponentiation of the coefficients of explanatory variables to indicate values of multiplicative changes in the geometric mean of TG levels.</p>
        <p>The independent association of PA practice with HDL, LDL and TG (ln) concentrations was estimated by using multiple linear regression after adjusting for sex and age and the other confounding variables that remained associated with response variables to the level of p &lt; 0.05 in the final model.</p>
        <p>Raw and adjusted coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) were used to estimate the contribution of PA and other explanatory variables to the distribution of the response variables in the final model of HDL, LDL and TG. The specific percentage contribution of each different PA indicator to response-variable variability in the final model was estimated by comparing adjusted coefficients of determination before and after inclusion of the PA intensity or duration variable in the model.</p>
        <p>The analyses were performed by using Stata statistical software, 12.0 version.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>Most of the 12,688 participants included in the study were of the female sex and had white skin color and high-school level. Mean age was 50 years, mean BMI was 26.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 15.3% smoked, and most of the participants were moderate alcohol users (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Sociodemographic, behavioral and anthropometric characteristics and lipid profile of ELSA-Brasil participants aged 35 to 69 years, according to sex (2008-2010)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>Variables</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Male n = 5,731</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Female n = 6,957</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Total n = 12,688</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sociodemographic characteristics</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Sex (%)</td>
              <td align="center">45.2</td>
              <td align="center">54.8</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age in years</td>
              <td align="center">50.4 (&#177; 8.2)</td>
              <td align="center">50.5 (&#177; 8.1)</td>
              <td align="center">50.5 (&#177; 8.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Skin color/race (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">White</td>
              <td align="center">50.5</td>
              <td align="center">50.5</td>
              <td align="center">50.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Mixed</td>
              <td align="center">31.8</td>
              <td align="center">27.6</td>
              <td align="center">29.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Black</td>
              <td align="center">14.6</td>
              <td align="center">18.2</td>
              <td align="center">16.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yellow/ Native</td>
              <td align="center">3.1</td>
              <td align="center">3.6</td>
              <td align="center">3.4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Schooling (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">High school</td>
              <td align="center">48.2</td>
              <td align="center">54.6</td>
              <td align="center">51.7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Middle school</td>
              <td align="center">35.5</td>
              <td align="center">36.7</td>
              <td align="center">36.1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Complete elementary</td>
              <td align="center">8.4</td>
              <td align="center">5.2</td>
              <td align="center">6.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Incomplete elementary</td>
              <td align="center">7.9</td>
              <td align="center">3.6</td>
              <td align="center">5.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Behaviors</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Smoking (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never smoked/ Ex-smoker</td>
              <td align="center">84.7</td>
              <td align="center">87.4</td>
              <td align="center">86.2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoker</td>
              <td align="center">15.3</td>
              <td align="center">12.6</td>
              <td align="center">13.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Alcohol consumption (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never</td>
              <td align="center">4.5</td>
              <td align="center">15.5</td>
              <td align="center">10.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ex-user</td>
              <td align="center">19.9</td>
              <td align="center">20.1</td>
              <td align="center">20.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Moderate user</td>
              <td align="center">63.1</td>
              <td align="center">60.9</td>
              <td align="center">61.9</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Abuser</td>
              <td align="center">12.5</td>
              <td align="center">3.6</td>
              <td align="center">7.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Fruit and vegetable consumption (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8804; 4x/week</td>
              <td align="center">61.8</td>
              <td align="center">44.4</td>
              <td align="center">52.3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 5x/week</td>
              <td align="center">38.2</td>
              <td align="center">55.6</td>
              <td align="center">47.7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Saturated fat intake (g)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#8224;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">32.2 (23.7; 44.2)</td>
              <td align="center">27.4 (20.1; 36.6)</td>
              <td align="center">29.4 (21.5; 40.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Carbohydrate intake (g)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#8224;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">354.6 (273.3; 468.4)</td>
              <td align="center">289.3 (224.6; 377.6)</td>
              <td align="center">316.3 (242.3; 416.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Leisure-time physical activity</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Physical activity recommended by WHO<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref> (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&lt; 150 min/week</td>
              <td align="center">57.7</td>
              <td align="center">68.4</td>
              <td align="center">63.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 150 min/week</td>
              <td align="center">42.3</td>
              <td align="center">31.6</td>
              <td align="center">36.4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Physical activity intensity<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#8224;</xref>(%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Insufficient</td>
              <td align="center">74.7</td>
              <td align="center">81.0</td>
              <td align="center">78.1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Moderate</td>
              <td align="center">14.0</td>
              <td align="center">12.0</td>
              <td align="center">12.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Vigorous</td>
              <td align="center">11.3</td>
              <td align="center">7.0</td>
              <td align="center">9.1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total physical activity duration (min/week) (median, Q1 and Q3)</td>
              <td align="center">80.0 (0; 240.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0; 180.0)</td>
              <td align="center">60.0 (0; 190.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Anthropometrics</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Body mass index (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">26.8 (&#177; 4.3)</td>
              <td align="center">26.9 (&#177; 5.1)</td>
              <td align="center">26.8 (&#177; 4.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Waist-hip ratio<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.94 (&#177; 0.07)</td>
              <td align="center">0.84 (&#177; 0.07)</td>
              <td align="center">0.89 (&#177; 0.09)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Lipids</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">HDL (mg/dL)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">50.9 (&#177; 12.2)</td>
              <td align="center">61.8 (&#177; 14.5)</td>
              <td align="center">56.9 (&#177; 14.6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LDL (mg/dL)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">133.9 (&#177; 35.3)</td>
              <td align="center">133.0 (&#177; 34.4)</td>
              <td align="center">133.4 (&#177; 34.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Triglycerides (mg/dL)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#8224;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">131.0 (92.0; 192.0)</td>
              <td align="center">100.0 (73.0; 140.0)</td>
              <td align="center">112.0 (80.0; 163.0)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>Q1 and Q3: interquartile interval; WHO: World Health Organization; (*) Duration recommended by WHO; (&#8224;) Intensity defined based on long IPAQ. HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; (*) Mean (standard deviation); (&#8224;) Median (interquartile intervals).</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Regarding weekly leisure-time PA practice, almost 80% of the individuals had it insufficient, less than 10% had it vigorous, and PA distribution was similar in both sexes. Of the participants, 64% did not report PA practice according to WHO recommendations, and the median total PA duration was 60 minutes per week for the total population (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>Regarding lipid profile, HDL and LDL values ranged from 20 to 148 mg/dL and 32 to 515 mg/dL for men, and from 18 to 146 mg/dL and 33 to 411 mg/dL for women, respectively. TG values ranged from 26 to 2,070 (mg/dL) for men and from 26 to 1,438 100 mg/dL for women (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>Less than half of the men and slightly more than half of the women met the recommendations for HDL levels, and similar prevalences were observed for desirable levels according to sex. Altered TG was observed in 3/5 of men and 2/5 of women (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>). Sex, age, skin color, per capita income (quintile), schooling, smoking habit, alcohol use, BMI and WHR were statistically associated with recommended HDL and TG levels. On the other hand, desirable LDL levels were statistically associated with age, schooling, smoking habit, BMI and WHR (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>). Recommended HDL and TG levels were statistically associated with PA intensity, total PA duration and recommended PA duration of at least 150 min/week. Desirable LDL levels were statistically associated with only total PA duration (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Distribution of study participants according to sociodemographic, behavioral and anthropometric characteristics, and according to desirable levels of HDL and LDL and triglycerides (n = 12,688)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>Variables</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>desirable</bold>
                <bold>HDL</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>altered</bold>
                <bold>HDL</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>p-value</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>desirable</bold>
                <bold>LDL</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>altered</bold>
                <bold>LDL</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>p-value</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>desirable</bold>
                <bold>TG</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>altered TG</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>p-value</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sex (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.655<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">46.8</td>
              <td align="center">37.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">45.1</td>
              <td align="center">45.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">38.3</td>
              <td align="center">61.0</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">53.2</td>
              <td align="center">62.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">54.9</td>
              <td align="center">54.4</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">61.7</td>
              <td align="center">39.0</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Age (years) (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">35 - 44</td>
              <td align="center">24.6</td>
              <td align="center">30.5</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">28.0</td>
              <td align="center">16.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">27.7</td>
              <td align="center">20.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">45 - 54</td>
              <td align="center">42.4</td>
              <td align="center">42.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">42.2</td>
              <td align="center">43.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">42.1</td>
              <td align="center">43.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">55 - 64</td>
              <td align="center">27.5</td>
              <td align="center">22.1</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">24.6</td>
              <td align="center">33.8</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">24.9</td>
              <td align="center">30.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">65 - 69</td>
              <td align="center">5.6</td>
              <td align="center">4.8</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">5.2</td>
              <td align="center">6.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">5.3</td>
              <td align="center">5.8</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Skin color/race (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.041<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.440<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">White</td>
              <td align="center">50.9</td>
              <td align="center">49.0</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">50.5</td>
              <td align="center">50.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">50.6</td>
              <td align="center">50.4</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Mixed</td>
              <td align="center">29.0</td>
              <td align="center">32.0</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">29.3</td>
              <td align="center">30.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">28.6</td>
              <td align="center">31.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Black</td>
              <td align="center">6.8</td>
              <td align="center">15.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">16.7</td>
              <td align="center">16.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">17.5</td>
              <td align="center">14.4</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yellow/Native</td>
              <td align="center">3.4</td>
              <td align="center">3.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">3.5</td>
              <td align="center">2.9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">3.3</td>
              <td align="center">3.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Schooling (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.017<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">High school</td>
              <td align="center">52.9</td>
              <td align="center">45.9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">51.5</td>
              <td align="center">52.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">54.2</td>
              <td align="center">45.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Middle school</td>
              <td align="center">35.1</td>
              <td align="center">41.1</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">36.6</td>
              <td align="center">34.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">34.9</td>
              <td align="center">39.0</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Complete elementary</td>
              <td align="center">6.5</td>
              <td align="center">7.5</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">6.6</td>
              <td align="center">6.9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">6.1</td>
              <td align="center">8.0</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Incomplete elementary</td>
              <td align="center">5.5</td>
              <td align="center">5.5</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">5.3</td>
              <td align="center">6.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">4.8</td>
              <td align="center">7.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Per capita income (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.089<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">1st quintile (higher)</td>
              <td align="center">21.1</td>
              <td align="center">14.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">19.5</td>
              <td align="center">21.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">21.1</td>
              <td align="center">16.9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2nd quintile</td>
              <td align="center">18.7</td>
              <td align="center">16.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">18.2</td>
              <td align="center">18.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">18.6</td>
              <td align="center">17.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">3rd quintile</td>
              <td align="center">19.4</td>
              <td align="center">18.9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">19.2</td>
              <td align="center">19.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">19.4</td>
              <td align="center">19.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">4th quintile</td>
              <td align="center">21.2</td>
              <td align="center">24.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">22.0</td>
              <td align="center">20.8</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">21.5</td>
              <td align="center">22.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">5th quintile (lower)</td>
              <td align="center">19.6</td>
              <td align="center">26.0</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">21.1</td>
              <td align="center">19.5</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">19.4</td>
              <td align="center">23.9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Smoking (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.003<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never smoked/ Ex-smoker</td>
              <td align="center">86.8</td>
              <td align="center">83.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">86.7</td>
              <td align="center">84.4</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">87.8</td>
              <td align="center">82.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoker</td>
              <td align="center">13.2</td>
              <td align="center">16.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">13.3</td>
              <td align="center">15.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">12.2</td>
              <td align="center">17.4</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Alcohol consumption (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.783<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never</td>
              <td align="center">9.6</td>
              <td align="center">14.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">10.6</td>
              <td align="center">9.9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">11.1</td>
              <td align="center">9.0</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ex-user</td>
              <td align="center">18.7</td>
              <td align="center">26.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">20.0</td>
              <td align="center">20.0</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">20.2</td>
              <td align="center">19.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Moderate user</td>
              <td align="center">63.4</td>
              <td align="center">54.9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">61.8</td>
              <td align="center">62.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">63.1</td>
              <td align="center">59.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Abuser</td>
              <td align="center">8.3</td>
              <td align="center">4.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">7.6</td>
              <td align="center">7.8</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">5.7</td>
              <td align="center">12.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Fruit and vegetable consumption (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.783<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.974<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8804; 4x/week</td>
              <td align="center">52.3</td>
              <td align="center">52.5</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">52.3</td>
              <td align="center">52.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">50.3</td>
              <td align="center">56.8</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 5x/week</td>
              <td align="center">47.8</td>
              <td align="center">47.5</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">47.7</td>
              <td align="center">47.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">49.7</td>
              <td align="center">43.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Slimness</td>
              <td align="center">1.2</td>
              <td align="center">0.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.2</td>
              <td align="center">0.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Eutrophy</td>
              <td align="center">40.6</td>
              <td align="center">24.4</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">39.3</td>
              <td align="center">31.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">44.4</td>
              <td align="center">22.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Overweight</td>
              <td align="center">38.6</td>
              <td align="center">42.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">38.1</td>
              <td align="center">44.1</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">36.5</td>
              <td align="center">45.9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Obesity</td>
              <td align="center">19.6</td>
              <td align="center">32.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">21.4</td>
              <td align="center">24.0</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">17.7</td>
              <td align="center">31.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>WHR (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">M &#8804; 0,9; W &#8804; 0,85</td>
              <td align="center">44.7</td>
              <td align="center">28.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">44.1</td>
              <td align="center">33.4</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">51.8</td>
              <td align="center">18.8</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">M &gt; 0,9; W &gt; 0,85</td>
              <td align="center">55.3</td>
              <td align="center">71.4</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">55.9</td>
              <td align="center">66.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">48.2</td>
              <td align="center">81.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>HDL: high-density lipoprotein; desirable HDL - &#8805; 40 mg/dL for men, and &#8805; 50 mg/dL for women; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; desirable LDL - &lt;160 mg/dL; TG: triglycerides; desirable TG - &lt; 150 mg/dL; BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist-hip ratio; M: men; W: women; p &lt; 0.001 - statistical significance;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>(*)</label>
            <p>chi-square test.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Prevalence of desirable levels of HLD, LDL and triglycerides according to indicators of physical activity intensity and duration of ELSA-Brasil participants aged 35 to 69 years, 2008-2010, n = 12,688</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>Variables</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>desirable</bold>
                <bold>HDL</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>altered</bold>
                <bold>HDL</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>p-value</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>desirable</bold>
                <bold>LDL</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>altered</bold>
                <bold>LDL</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>p-value</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>desirable</bold>
                <bold>TG</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>altered TG</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>p-value</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>PA (WHO) (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.391<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&lt; 150 min/week</td>
              <td align="center">61.8</td>
              <td align="center">71.8</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">63.8</td>
              <td align="center">62.9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">62.2</td>
              <td align="center">66.9</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 150 min/week</td>
              <td align="center">38.2</td>
              <td align="center">28.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">36.2</td>
              <td align="center">37.1</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">37.9</td>
              <td align="center">33.1</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>PA intensity (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.046<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Insufficient</td>
              <td align="center">76.9</td>
              <td align="center">83.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">78.3</td>
              <td align="center">77.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">76.6</td>
              <td align="center">81.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Moderate</td>
              <td align="center">13.3</td>
              <td align="center">10.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">12.5</td>
              <td align="center">14.1</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">13.5</td>
              <td align="center">11.3</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Vigorous</td>
              <td align="center">9.8</td>
              <td align="center">5.7</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">9.3</td>
              <td align="center">8.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">9.9</td>
              <td align="center">7.1</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total PA duration (min/week)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">&#8225;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">60.0</td>
              <td align="center">0.0</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">60.0</td>
              <td align="center">0.0</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">60.0</td>
              <td align="center">30.0</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <p>HDL: high-density lipoprotein; desirable HDL - &#8805; 40 mg/dL for men and &#8805; 50 mg/dL for women; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; desirable LDL - &#8804;160 mg/dL; TG: triglycerides; desirable TG - &#8804; 150mg/dL; p &lt; 0.001 - statistical significance; WHO: World Health Organization; PA: physical activity;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN5">
            <label>(*)</label>
            <p>chi-square test;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN6">
            <label>(&#8224;)</label>
            <p>Wilcoxon test (Mann-Whitney);</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN7">
            <label> (&#8225;)</label>
            <p>Median.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref> shows the results of simple linear regression analysis. Moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA was associated with an increase in HDL, with suggestion of dose-response gradient. Both longer total PA duration and PA practice for at least 150 min/week or more were associated with HDL elevation. All associations maintained after adjustment for sex and age, and later for the other confounding variables including race/skin color, per capita income, schooling, WHR, BMI, alcohol consumption, current smoking and total carbohydrate and saturated fat intake (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>). The regular consumption of fruits and vegetables was not statistically associated with HDL levels on multivariate regression analysis.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Association of different indicators of leisure-time physical activity with HDL, LDL and triglyceride levels on simple linear and multiple regression analyses of ELSA-Brasil participants (n = 12,688)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3">
                <bold>Univariate</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3">
                <bold>Adjustment for sex and age<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">&#8225;</xref></bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3">
                <bold>Adjustment for all confounding factors<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#167;</xref></bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>Variables</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>&#946;</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>[95%CI]</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>R<sup>2</sup></bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>B</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>[95%CI]</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Adj R<sup>2</sup></bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>&#946;</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>[95%CI]</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Adj R<sup>2</sup></bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>HDL</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">PA intensity</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.003</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.152</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.266</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Moderate</td>
              <td align="center">1.592</td>
              <td align="center">(0.822; 2.361)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">2.087</td>
              <td align="center">(1.376; 2.799)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.893</td>
              <td align="center">(0.219; 1.566)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8224;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Vigorous</td>
              <td align="center">2.265</td>
              <td align="center">(1.368; 3.162)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">3.927</td>
              <td align="center">(3.097; 4.758)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.710</td>
              <td align="center">(0.918; 2.501)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">PA (WHO)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.003</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.153</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 150 min/week</td>
              <td align="center">1.522</td>
              <td align="center">(0.996; 2.048)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">2.772</td>
              <td align="center">(2.284; 3.260)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.055</td>
              <td align="center">(0.582; 1.527)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.266</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total PA duration (min/week)</td>
              <td align="center">0.004</td>
              <td align="center">(0.003; 0.005)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.002</td>
              <td align="center">0.007</td>
              <td align="center">(0.006; 0.008)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.153</td>
              <td align="center">0.003</td>
              <td align="center">(0.002; 0.005)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.267</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>TG (ln)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">PA intensity</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.006</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.093</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.230</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Moderate</td>
              <td align="center">-0.044</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.072; -0.016)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-0.073</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.097; -0.046)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-0.020</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.045; 0.005)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Vigorous</td>
              <td align="center">-0.136</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.168; -0.103)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-0.163</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.195; -0.132)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-0.068</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.097; -0.039)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">PA (WHO)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.091</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.229</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 150 min/week</td>
              <td align="center">-0.058</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.077; -0.038)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.003</td>
              <td align="center">-0.093</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.111; -0.074)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-0.022</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.040; -0.005)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8224;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total PA duration (min/week)</td>
              <td align="center">0.000</td>
              <td align="center">(0.000; 0.000)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.003</td>
              <td align="center">0.000</td>
              <td align="center">(0.000; 0.000)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.092</td>
              <td align="center">0.000</td>
              <td align="center">(0.000; 0.000)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.230</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>LDL</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">PA intensity</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.001</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.025</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Moderate</td>
              <td align="center">1.564</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.279; 3.407)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.609</td>
              <td align="center">(-1.215; 2.433)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Vigorous</td>
              <td align="center">-2.282</td>
              <td align="center">(-4.430; -0.134)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8224;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-1.501</td>
              <td align="center">(-3.631; 0.628)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>PA (WHO)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 150 min/week</td>
              <td align="center">0.307</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.952; 1.567)</td>
              <td align="center">0.000</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total PA duration (min/week)</td>
              <td align="center">-0.001</td>
              <td align="center">(-0.004; 0.002)</td>
              <td align="center">0.000</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN8">
            <p>B: &#946; coefficient; CI: confidence interval; R<sup>2</sup>: coefficient of determination; AdjR<sup>2</sup>: adjusted coefficient of determination; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; PA: physical activity; PA intensity: intensity of PA defined based on short IPAQ; TG: triglyceride; WHO: World Health Organization; Total PA duration: sum of PA in minutes per week;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN9">
            <label>(*)</label>
            <p>Statistical significance p &lt; 0.001;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN10">
            <label>(&#8224;)</label>
            <p>Statistical significance 0.05 &gt; p &gt; 0.001;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN11">
            <label>(&#8225;)</label>
            <p>Multiple regression with HDL, LDL and TG (natural logarithm) adjusted for sex, age;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN12">
            <label>&#167;</label>
            <p>Multiple regression with HDL and TG (natural logarithm) and PA adjusted for sex (only HDL), age, skin color, schooling (only HDL), per capita income, alcohol consumption, smoking, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, total carbohydrate and saturated fat intakes.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>On multiple linear regression, comparing the adjusted coefficient of determination before and after the inclusion of the variable 'PA intensity' (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.265 and 0.266, respectively), PA intensity explains only 0.1% of the total variability of HDL levels in the population studied. On the other hand, PA duration &#8805; 150 min/week and total PA duration explained, respectively, 0.1% and 0.2% of the total variability of HDL levels in the ELSA-Brasil cohort, considering that adjusted coefficient of determination after the inclusion of those two PA variables were 0.266 and 0.267, respectively.</p>
      <p>Comparing to insufficient-intensity PA, moderate-intensity PA was associated with a 0.89-mg/dL increase in HDL levels, and vigorous-intensity PA was associated with a 1.71-mg/dL increase in HDL levels, after adjusting for confounding factors (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>). That is, individuals with insufficient PA and HDL level of 50.8 mg/dL could have their HDL increased to 51.7 mg/dL or 52.5 mg/dL, when practicing moderate- or vigorous-intensity PA, respectively, and maintaining all other characteristics, behaviors and measures unchanged.</p>
      <p>On simple linear regression, higher PA intensity, PA practice of at least 150 min/week and total PA duration (min/week) were associated with lower TG levels (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>). The associations found remained statistically significant after adjusting for sex, age and other confounding variables (race/skin color, per capita income, WHR, alcohol consumption, current smoking, and total carbohydrate and saturated fat intake).</p>
      <p>The final adjusted results show that, as compared to insufficient PA, moderate and vigorous PA associated with a 0.98-mg/dL and 0.93-mg/dL reduction in the geometric mean of TG, respectively, indicating dose-response relationship. This implies that individuals with TG levels of 111.9 mg/dL and insufficient PA could reduce their TG values to 109.7 mg/dL or 104.6 mg/dL, respectively, by performing moderate or vigorous PA, and maintaining all other behavioral and anthropometric factors unchanged.</p>
      <p>A PA practice greater than 150 min/week, as recommended by WHO, associated with a 0.98-mg/dL reduction in the geometric mean of TG. The comparison of the adjusted coefficient of determination of multivariate analysis before and after the inclusion of the 'PA intensity' variable (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.228 and 0.230, respectively) indicates that PA explains only 0.2% of the variability of TG levels in the population studied. On the other hand, according to WHO recommendation, PA explains 0.1% of that distribution, because the adjusted coefficient of determination after the inclusion of PA intensity was 0.229.</p>
      <p>On univariate analysis, LDL showed a statistically significant association with only vigorous-intensity PA. However, after adjusting for sex and age, PA association with LDL levels lost statistical significance; therefore, multivariate analysis was not performed (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The present study showed that PA practice, categorized into different aspects, associated independently with higher HDL concentrations and lower TG levels in a large sample of individuals not using lipid-lowering drugs. In addition, our results do not indicate that PA intensity is clearly superior or inferior to the PA duration of 150 min/week recommended by WHO. Considering that the Brazilian population has significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and high sedentary rate, our results are relevant because they emphasize the need to maintain and widen public programs to foster regular PA practice, aimed at improving the population's lipid profile.</p>
      <p>Our results support those reported in studies assessing HDL and TG. Similarly, in studies on physical training, HDL increase and TG reduction are more frequently observed than a reduction in total cholesterol or LDL levels.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
			</p>
      <p>To assess the impact of PA duration and intensity on HDL, LDL and TG levels, we analyzed separately the different parameters of PA classification. Some studies have reported a dose-response relationship in the association between PA intensity and lipid profile improvement, mainly HDL elevation and TG reduction in previously sedentary or inactive populations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> In accordance with that, we found that the greater the PA intensity, the higher the mean increase in HDL levels and the lower the TG levels.</p>
      <p>Three meta-analyses on the impact of physical training have shown mean increases in HDL of 1.2, 2.53 and 1.95 mg/dL, and mean reductions in TG of 15.8 and 7.12 mg/dL after the intervention.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> We found a mean increase in HDL of 0.89 mg/dL in individuals practicing moderate PA as compared to insufficient PA, and a 1.71-mg/dL increase for vigorous PA. Moderate PA reduced by 0.98 mg/dL the geometric mean of TG as compared to insufficient PA, while vigorous PA reduced by 0.93 mg/dL. The lipid profile improvement has a direct impact on the risk for CVD and diabetes. The <italic>Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Mortality Follow-up</italic> (LRCF) has shown that the 1-mg/dL increase in HDL reduced by 3.5% the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), and by 3.7% and 4.7% mortality in men and women, respectively.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref> According to the results of HEART, a 1-mg/dL increment in plasma HDL is associated with a 2% to 3% reduction in the risk for CAD.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Unlike studies reporting that the amount of exercise, as compared to exercise intensity, determined a higher difference in plasma lipoprotein concentrations,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref> the present study found that both frequency and intensity are important for that effect, intensity exerting greater interference. Considering the findings of the ELSA-Brasil study and controversies in the literature, it is necessary to clarify the role played by PA, especially regarding PA amount and intensity, to improve the PA recommendations aimed at increasing HDL and reducing TG.</p>
      <p>A Dutch cross-sectional study with individuals of three ethnicities, using the SQUASH questionnaire to measure PA level and the same ELSA-Brasil criteria to define favorable lipid profile, has reported that PA intensity, but not PA duration, associated with a more favorable lipid profile. Total PA duration associated with better HDL and TG levels only in Afro-Surinamese individuals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> We observed a stronger association between vigorous-intensity PA and favorable lipid profile, in addition to an association with total PA duration per week, regardless of PA intensity. It is worth noting that 25% of the individuals had no leisure-time PA (total leisure-time PA = 0). Our results suggest that vigorous PA, but not moderate PA, is associated with greater benefit to lipid profile as compared to PA duration. It is worth noting that because of the cross-sectional design of this study, a causality relationship between PA, in any modality assessed, and TG and HDL levels could not be inferred.</p>
      <p>According to 2011 WHO recommendation, adults should practice at least 150 min/week of insufficient-to-moderate-intensity PA during leisure time or at least 75 min/week of vigorous PA. In the present study, 64% of the participants did not reach the recommended PA level during leisure time, that percentage being higher among women (68.4%) than among men (57.7%). In addition, we observed that PA practice during the time recommended by WHO was associated with significantly higher HDL levels and lower TG levels, regardless of intensity. Therefore, our results support the WHO recommendation of at least 150 min/week of PA, which is simpler and easier to be disseminated as compared to intensity-based recommendations.</p>
      <p>This study design observed measures to assure the quality of the information. The collection of data and biological material in the six centers followed strictly standardized procedures, undergoing constant quality control. Storage and laboratory tests were centralized in a certified laboratory. The sample was sufficiently large and heterogeneous (sex, age, schooling and behaviors) to assure statistical power for the analyses performed.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
			</p>
      <p>It is worth noting, however, that the leisure-time PA section of the long IPAQ questionnaire has limitations and lower accuracy than PA measurement by use of objective devices.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref> In large epidemiological investigations, such as ELSA-Brasil, however, the use of a questionnaire is an easy and low-cost way to assess PA, providing information that allows estimating PA levels, intensity and frequency. In addition, IPAQ has been validated in several countries, including in Brazil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The present study estimated the independent contribution of leisure-time PA during the past week on current HDL, LDL and TG levels. Part of the individuals classified as active in the past week might not be active routinely and vice-versa, or non-active individuals in the past week might be active most of the time. However, those errors might not be differential concerning lipid profile. Non-differential errors tend to attenuate the estimated associations, leading to underestimation of the real PA contribution to lipid profile in this study. It is worth noting that our analysis considered PA during neither transportation nor occupation.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>A beneficial association exists between higher PA levels and a favorable HDL and TG lipid profile for men and women. Vigorous, but not moderate, PA practice was associated with more positive lipid profile changes than PA duration alone. Such findings contribute to support public policies of prevention and reduction of the risk for cardiometabolic diseases based on the expansion and facilitation of leisure-time PA practice.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <label>Sources of Funding</label>
        </p>
        <p>This study was funded by Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de e Minist&#233;rio da Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <label>Study Association</label>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Raquel Caroline da Silva, from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ack>
      <title>Acknowledgments</title>
      <p>ELSA-Brasil was financed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Department of Science and Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (Financer of Studies and Projects and Brazilian National Research Board - CNPq), processes: 01 06 0010.00 RS, 01 06 0212.00BA, 01 06 0300.00 ES, 01 06 0278.00 MG, 01 06 0115.00SP, 01 06 0071.00 RJ. SM Barreto receives a research fellowship from CNPq (process 300159/99-4) and RCS received a Master's grant from CAPES.</p>
    </ack>
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            <given-names>Maria de F&#225;tima Haueisen Sander</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alvim</surname>
            <given-names>Sheila</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vidigal</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Guatimosim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fedeli</surname>
            <given-names>Ligia Maria Giongo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Sandhi Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Sandhi Maria Barreto</bold>, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190. CEP 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil. E-mail: <email>sandhi.barreto@gmail.com</email>; <email>sbarreto@medicina.ufmg.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: da Silva RC, Diniz MFHS, Barreto SM; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Vidigal PG, Fedeli LMG, Barreto SM; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: da Silva RC, Diniz MFHS, Alvim S, Vidigal PG, Fedeli LMG, Barreto SM; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Barreto SM; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Alvim S, Vidigal PG, Fedeli LMG, Barreto SM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica (AF) induz altera&#231;&#245;es desej&#225;veis nos n&#237;veis das lipoprote&#237;nas de alta densidade (HDL) e de baixa densidade (LDL) e dos triglic&#233;rides (TG), importantes fatores de risco cardiometab&#243;lico, mas persistem d&#250;vidas se intensidade e dura&#231;&#227;o da AF t&#234;m benef&#237;cios equivalentes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Investigar a associa&#231;&#227;o da intensidade e da dura&#231;&#227;o da AF com os n&#237;veis de HDL, LDL e TG.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo transversal com 12.688 participantes da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal da Sa&#250;de do Adulto que n&#227;o usavam medica&#231;&#227;o para controle de lip&#237;deos. Regress&#227;o linear m&#250;ltipla foi usada para avaliar a associa&#231;&#227;o, ap&#243;s ajustes por fatores sociodemogr&#225;ficos e de sa&#250;de, entre a intensidade e a dura&#231;&#227;o da AF e os n&#237;veis de HDL, LDL e TG (logaritmo natural).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>AF moderada e vigorosa bem como a pr&#225;tica de AF &#8805; 150 min/semana foram associadas a maiores n&#237;veis de HDL. Maior intensidade de AF e AF &#8805; 150 min/semana foram associadas a menores n&#237;veis de TG. Ap&#243;s ajustes, AF moderada e AF vigorosa aumentaram a m&#233;dia de HDL em 0,89 mg/dL e 1,71 mg/dL, respectivamente, e reduziram a m&#233;dia geom&#233;trica de TG em 0,98 mg/dL e 0,93 mg/dL, respectivamente. AF &#8805; 150 min/semana aumentou a m&#233;dia de HDL em 1,05 mg/dL e reduziu a m&#233;dia geom&#233;trica de TG em 0,98 mg/dL.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Nossos resultados refor&#231;am os benef&#237;cios da AF sobre n&#237;veis de HDL e TG, sugerindo vantagem para a intensidade vigorosa quando comparada &#224; recomenda&#231;&#227;o baseada apenas na dura&#231;&#227;o da AF.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Atividade Motora</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Perfil de Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipercolesterolemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Colesterol</kwd>
        <kwd>Triglic&#233;rides</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Altas concentra&#231;&#245;es plasm&#225;ticas de lipoprote&#237;nas de baixa densidade (LDL) e triglic&#233;rides (TG) e baixos n&#237;veis da lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade (HDL) s&#227;o fatores de risco para doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> O aumento da HDL, al&#233;m de reduzir o risco de DCV,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> pode inibir a progress&#227;o ou at&#233; mesmo provocar a regress&#227;o da placa ateroscler&#243;tica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Resultados de estudos observacionais e experimentais mostram que a pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica (AF) induz altera&#231;&#245;es desej&#225;veis nos n&#237;veis plasm&#225;ticos de lip&#237;deos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> em especial, aumentando HDL e reduzindo TG, al&#233;m de desencadear efeitos ben&#233;ficos sobre o colesterol total e suas fra&#231;&#245;es de baixa e muito baixa densidade (LDL e VLDL, respectivamente).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> O efeito da AF sobre n&#237;veis de HDL e TG parece independente de altera&#231;&#245;es de peso e dieta.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> Postula-se que a AF aumenta a atividade da lipoprote&#237;na lipase e da lecitina colesterol aciltransferase e reduz a atividade da lipase hep&#225;tica e da prote&#237;na de transfer&#234;ncia do colesterol esterificado, componentes do transporte reverso de colesterol.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Apesar dos benef&#237;cios da pr&#225;tica de AF serem bem conhecidos, h&#225; controv&#233;rsias sobre que aspecto da AF seria mais importante para a melhoria do perfil lip&#237;dico: a intensidade do exerc&#237;cio,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> a frequ&#234;ncia,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> a dura&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> ou a combina&#231;&#227;o da frequ&#234;ncia e da intensidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> A redu&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de TG foi associada &#224; maior intensidade, mas n&#227;o a frequ&#234;ncia da AF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de (OMS) recomenda para adultos (18-64 anos) pelo menos 150 min/semana de AF aer&#243;bica moderada ou 75 min/semana de atividade aer&#243;bica vigorosa ou uma combina&#231;&#227;o equivalente e atividades aer&#243;bicas em ciclos de pelo menos 10 min de dura&#231;&#227;o, para se obter benef&#237;cios sobre a sa&#250;de cardiovascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Poucos estudos no Brasil estimaram a contribui&#231;&#227;o de diferentes aspectos de AF sobre as concentra&#231;&#245;es de HDL, LDL e TG. O presente estudo tem por objetivo estimar a associa&#231;&#227;o da intensidade e dura&#231;&#227;o da AF no lazer no perfil lip&#237;dico de homens e mulheres adultos participantes do Estudo Longitudinal de Sa&#250;de do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), sem uso de medica&#231;&#227;o para controle do colesterol. O ELSA-Brasil tem por objetivo principal investigar os determinantes biol&#243;gicos, comportamentais, ambientais, ocupacionais e psicossociais para a incid&#234;ncia de DCV e diabetes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>A coorte ELSA-Brasil inclui 15.105 servidores com 35 a 74 anos, ativos e aposentados de institui&#231;&#245;es de ensino e pesquisa em seis capitais do pa&#237;s. Por ser um estudo multic&#234;ntrico realizado em seis estados de tr&#234;s regi&#245;es do pa&#237;s, o ELSA-Brasil apresenta uma importante diversidade de fen&#243;tipos com informa&#231;&#245;es sobre um grande n&#250;mero de fatores sociodemogr&#225;ficos, comportamentais, cl&#237;nicos e laboratoriais que podem influenciar o perfil lip&#237;dico.</p>
        <p>O presente estudo tem delineamento transversal e utiliza dados da linha de base do ELSA-Brasil, realizada entre 2008 e 2010. Nos centros de investiga&#231;&#227;o, os dados foram coletados por aferidores e entrevistadores certificados, seguindo crit&#233;rios recomendados por um Comit&#234; de Controle de Qualidade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> que permitiram a padroniza&#231;&#227;o necess&#225;ria.</p>
        <p>O presente estudo tem como crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade servidores com idade entre 35 e 69 anos, que realizaram os exames laboratoriais para medir HDL, LDL e TG e responderam ao Question&#225;rio Internacional de Atividade F&#237;sica (IPAQ) sobre AF no lazer.</p>
        <p>Foram exclu&#237;dos 613 participantes (4,06%) com idade entre 70 e 74 anos, porque o IPAQ s&#243; &#233; validado para adultos at&#233; 69 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> Tamb&#233;m foram ineleg&#237;veis 1.801 participantes (11,92%) que fizeram uso de medicamentos que podem influenciar o n&#237;vel de HDL, LDL e TG (atorvastatina c&#225;lcica; bezafibrato; ciprofibrato; ezetimiba; fenofibrato; fluvastatina s&#243;dica; genfibrozila; lovastatina; nicotinamida; orlistate; pravastatina s&#243;dica; sinvastatina; rosuvastatina c&#225;lcica; &#225;cido nicot&#237;nico; estrog&#234;nios conjugados e sulfato de estrona). Tr&#234;s indiv&#237;duos (0,02%) possu&#237;am valores extremos de TG e HDL e n&#227;o foram considerados na an&#225;lise. A amostra final foi composta por 12.688 indiv&#237;duos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Sele&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o de estudo. HDL: lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade; LDL: lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade; TG: triglic&#233;rides.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-107-01-0010-60091-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Todos os par&#226;metros laboratoriais foram dosados em amostras de sangue coletadas no centro de investiga&#231;&#227;o local, ap&#243;s um jejum m&#233;dio de 12 horas (m&#237;nimo de 10 e m&#225;ximo de 14 horas). As amostras foram enviadas, por empresa especializada em transporte de material biol&#243;gico congelado, para an&#225;lise no laborat&#243;rio central do ELSA-Brasil em S&#227;o Paulo, e processadas utilizando o analisador autom&#225;tico ADVIA 1200 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, EUA). Os TG foram dosados por meio do m&#233;todo colorim&#233;trico de glicerol-fosfato peroxidase. O LDL foi estimado pela Equa&#231;&#227;o de Friedewald e, quando o TG foi superior a 400 mg/dL, utilizou-se a dosagem pelo m&#233;todo enzim&#225;tico colorim&#233;trico homog&#234;neo sem precipita&#231;&#227;o. A dosagem de HDL foi realizada utilizando o m&#233;todo enzim&#225;tico colorim&#233;trico homog&#234;neo sem precipita&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Os resultados de HDL, LDL e TG foram analisados de forma cont&#237;nua e categ&#243;rica. A categ&#243;rica foi obtida a partir dos pontos de corte para n&#237;veis m&#237;nimos desej&#225;veis de HDL, sendo &#8805; 40 mg/dL para homens e &#8805; 50 mg/dL para mulheres. Para LDL considerou-se valores inferiores a 160 mg/dL e para TG n&#237;veis inferiores a 150 mg/dL.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Informa&#231;&#245;es referentes &#224; pr&#225;tica de AF no lazer foram obtidas por meio do IPAQ para AF no lazer, na vers&#227;o longa, contendo perguntas em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; frequ&#234;ncia, dura&#231;&#227;o e intensidade da AF no lazer.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A AF foi categorizada como: 1) insuficiente, quando o participante referiu n&#227;o praticar AF ou praticar menos do que as demais categorias; 2) moderada, quando a pr&#225;tica foi de tr&#234;s ou mais dias de atividade vigorosa por pelo menos 20 min/dia, cinco ou mais dias de atividade de intensidade moderada, e/ou caminhada de pelo menos 30 min/dia, ou cinco ou mais dias de qualquer combina&#231;&#227;o de caminhada, atividades de intensidade moderada ou vigorosa que alcancem, no m&#237;nimo, 600 MET-min/semana; e 3) vigorosa, quando referiu praticar atividade vigorosa por, pelo menos, tr&#234;s dias e que acumula, no m&#237;nimo, 1500 MET-min/semana ou sete ou mais dias de qualquer combina&#231;&#227;o de caminhada, atividades de intensidade moderada ou vigorosa com ac&#250;mulo de, pelo menos, 3000 MET-min/semana.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A AF tamb&#233;m foi avaliada por meio do tempo total relatado de AF semanal em minutos, representado pela soma do tempo nas atividades insuficientes, moderadas e vigorosas, e pela categoriza&#231;&#227;o em pouco ativo ou ativo, baseado no crit&#233;rio da OMS, que recomenda, pelo menos, 150 minutos de AF moderada por semana, ou 75 minutos ou mais de AF vigorosa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				</p>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas incluem: g&#234;nero; idade (em anos); escolaridade classificada como fundamental incompleto, fundamental completo, n&#237;vel m&#233;dio ou superior; renda per capita obtida pela divis&#227;o do ponto m&#233;dio de cada uma das 10 faixas da renda familiar l&#237;quida mensal pelo n&#250;mero de pessoas que dependem dessa renda (em quintil); e ra&#231;a/cor de pele autorreferida (preta, parda, branca, amarela/ind&#237;gena). Os indiv&#237;duos que relataram cor de pele amarela (2%) e ind&#237;gena (1%) foram agrupados em uma &#250;nica categoria devido ao pequeno n&#250;mero.</p>
        <p>Os indicadores antropom&#233;tricos foram o &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) obtido pela divis&#227;o do peso corporal em quilos pelo quadrado da estatura em metros, e a raz&#227;o cintura/quadril (RCQ) resultante da divis&#227;o da medida da circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura em cent&#237;metros pela circunfer&#234;ncia do quadril em cent&#237;metros. O peso corporal e a altura em p&#233; foram aferidos de acordo com padr&#245;es e crit&#233;rios t&#233;cnicos consolidados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O question&#225;rio de frequ&#234;ncia alimentar validado forneceu dados da ingest&#227;o alimentar dos participantes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> O consumo regular de frutas e hortali&#231;as foi definido por meio da ingest&#227;o habitual igual ou superior a cinco dias por semana de frutas ou hortali&#231;as, e o baixo consumo de frutas e hortali&#231;as com ingest&#227;o igual ou inferior a quatro dias por semana. O consumo de gorduras e carboidratos foi investigado por meio do consumo di&#225;rio em gramas.</p>
        <p>Considerou-se como "fumante" o participante que referiu ter fumado, pelo menos, 100 cigarros durante a vida e ainda fumava e "ex-fumante"/n&#227;o fumante o que n&#227;o fumava na atualidade. O uso de bebidas alco&#243;licas foi categorizado em nunca usou &#225;lcool, ex-usu&#225;rio, usu&#225;rio moderado e usu&#225;rio excessivo. O consumo excessivo de &#225;lcool foi definido como consumo de &#225;lcool semanal em gramas superior a 140 g para mulher e 210 g para homem.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>A normalidade da distribui&#231;&#227;o de cada uma das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro Wilk. As vari&#225;veis com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal foram descritas pela m&#233;dia &#177; desvio-padr&#227;o, e as demais vari&#225;veis, pela mediana e intervalos interquartis. A compara&#231;&#227;o entre distribui&#231;&#245;es das vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foi feita por meio do teste qui-quadrado e das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney quando a mesma n&#227;o apresentava distribui&#231;&#227;o normal. O TG, por n&#227;o apresentar distribui&#231;&#227;o normal, foi transformado em logaritmo natural (ln) no modelo de regress&#227;o, e os coeficientes das vari&#225;veis explicativas foram exponenciados para indicar valores de mudan&#231;as multiplicativas na m&#233;dia geom&#233;trica dos n&#237;veis de TG.</p>
          <p>A associa&#231;&#227;o independente da pr&#225;tica de AF com as concentra&#231;&#245;es de HDL, LDL e de TG (ln) foi estimada por meio da regress&#227;o linear m&#250;ltipla, ap&#243;s ajuste por g&#234;nero e idade, e demais vari&#225;veis de confus&#227;o que se mantiveram associadas &#224;s vari&#225;veis-resposta ao n&#237;vel de p &lt; 0,05 no modelo final.</p>
          <p>Os coeficientes de determina&#231;&#227;o (R<sup>2</sup>) bruto e ajustado foram usados para estimar a contribui&#231;&#227;o da AF e das demais vari&#225;veis explicativas para a distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis-resposta no modelo final de HDL, LDL e TG. A estimativa da contribui&#231;&#227;o percentual espec&#237;fica de cada um dos diferentes indicadores de AF para a variabilidade da vari&#225;vel-resposta no modelo final foi estimada comparando-se o R<sup>2</sup> ajustado antes e ap&#243;s a inclus&#227;o da vari&#225;vel de intensidade ou tempo de AF no modelo.</p>
          <p>As an&#225;lises foram realizadas utilizando-se o programa estat&#237;stico Stata, vers&#227;o 12.0.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Dos 12.688 participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo, a maioria era do g&#234;nero feminino, m&#233;dia de idade de 50 anos, cor da pele branca e alta escolaridade. O IMC m&#233;dio foi de 26,8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 15,3% fumavam e a maioria consumia &#225;lcool moderadamente (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas, comportamentais, antropom&#233;tricas e perfil lip&#237;dico dos participantes do ELSA-Brasil com idade entre 35 e 69 anos, segundo o g&#234;nero (2008-2010)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;veis</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Masculino n = 5.731</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Feminino n = 6.957</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Total n = 12.688</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">G&#233;nero (%)</td>
                <td align="center">45,2</td>
                <td align="center">54,8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade em anos</td>
                <td align="center">50,4 (&#177; 8,2)</td>
                <td align="center">50,5 (&#177; 8,1)</td>
                <td align="center">50,5 (&#177; 8,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Cor/ra&#231;a (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Branca</td>
                <td align="center">50,5</td>
                <td align="center">50,5</td>
                <td align="center">50,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Parda</td>
                <td align="center">31,8</td>
                <td align="center">27,6</td>
                <td align="center">29,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Preta</td>
                <td align="center">14,6</td>
                <td align="center">18,2</td>
                <td align="center">16,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Amarela/ Ind&#237;gena</td>
                <td align="center">3,1</td>
                <td align="center">3,6</td>
                <td align="center">3,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Escolaridade (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Superior</td>
                <td align="center">48,2</td>
                <td align="center">54,6</td>
                <td align="center">51,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">M&#233;dio</td>
                <td align="center">35,5</td>
                <td align="center">36,7</td>
                <td align="center">36,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fundamental completo</td>
                <td align="center">8,4</td>
                <td align="center">5,2</td>
                <td align="center">6,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fundamental incompleto</td>
                <td align="center">7,9</td>
                <td align="center">3,6</td>
                <td align="center">5,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Comportamentos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tabagismo (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca fumou/ Ex-fumante</td>
                <td align="center">84,7</td>
                <td align="center">87,4</td>
                <td align="center">86,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fumante</td>
                <td align="center">15,3</td>
                <td align="center">12,6</td>
                <td align="center">13,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Consumo de &#225;lcool (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca usou</td>
                <td align="center">4,5</td>
                <td align="center">15,5</td>
                <td align="center">10,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ex-usu&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">19,9</td>
                <td align="center">20,1</td>
                <td align="center">20,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Usu&#225;rio moderado</td>
                <td align="center">63,1</td>
                <td align="center">60,9</td>
                <td align="center">61,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Usu&#225;rio excessivo</td>
                <td align="center">12,5</td>
                <td align="center">3,6</td>
                <td align="center">7,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Consumo de Frutas e Verduras (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8804; 4x/semana</td>
                <td align="center">61,8</td>
                <td align="center">44,4</td>
                <td align="center">52,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 5x/semana</td>
                <td align="center">38,2</td>
                <td align="center">55,6</td>
                <td align="center">47,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Consumo de gordura saturada (g)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">32,2 (23,7; 44,2)</td>
                <td align="center">27,4 (20,1; 36,6)</td>
                <td align="center">29,4 (21,5; 40,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Consumo de carboidrato (g)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">354,6 (273,3; 468,4)</td>
                <td align="center">289,3 (224,6; 377,6)</td>
                <td align="center">316,3 (242,3; 416,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Atividade F&#237;sica no Lazer</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Atividade F&#237;sica recomendada pela OMS<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref> (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&lt; 150 min/semana</td>
                <td align="center">57,7</td>
                <td align="center">68,4</td>
                <td align="center">63,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 150 min/semana</td>
                <td align="center">42,3</td>
                <td align="center">31,6</td>
                <td align="center">36,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Atividade f&#237;sica segundo intensidades (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Insuficiente</td>
                <td align="center">74,7</td>
                <td align="center">81,0</td>
                <td align="center">78,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Moderado</td>
                <td align="center">14,0</td>
                <td align="center">12,0</td>
                <td align="center">12,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vigorosa</td>
                <td align="center">11,3</td>
                <td align="center">7,0</td>
                <td align="center">9,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo total de atividade f&#237;sica (min/semana) (mediana, Q1 e Q3)</td>
                <td align="center">80,0 (0; 240,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0; 180,0)</td>
                <td align="center">60,0 (0; 190,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Antropom&#233;tricas</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#205;ndice de massa corporal (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">26,8 (&#177; 4,3)</td>
                <td align="center">26,9 (&#177; 5,1)</td>
                <td align="center">26,8 (&#177; 4,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Raz&#227;o cintura-quadril<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,94 (&#177; 0,07)</td>
                <td align="center">0,84 (&#177; 0,07)</td>
                <td align="center">0,89 (&#177; 0,09)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Lip&#237;deos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HDL (mg/dL)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">50,9 (&#177; 12,2)</td>
                <td align="center">61,8 (&#177; 14,5)</td>
                <td align="center">56,9 (&#177; 14,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LDL (mg/dL)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">133,9 (&#177; 35,3)</td>
                <td align="center">133,0 (&#177; 34,4)</td>
                <td align="center">133,4 (&#177; 34,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Triglic&#233;rides (mg/dL)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">131,0 (92,0; 192,0)</td>
                <td align="center">100,0 (73,0; 140,0)</td>
                <td align="center">112,0 (80,0; 163,0)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN13">
              <p>Q1 e Q3 - intervalo interquartil; OMS: Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de; (*) Tempo recomendado pela OMS; (&#8224;) Intensidade definida com base no IPAQ longo. HDL: lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade; LDL: lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade; (*) M&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o); (&#8224;) Mediana (intervalos interquartis).</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; pr&#225;tica semanal de AF no lazer, quase 80% dos indiv&#237;duos praticavam AF insuficiente, e menos de 10%, AF vigorosa, sendo similar a distribui&#231;&#227;o da AF por g&#234;nero. No total, 64% dos participantes n&#227;o referiram praticar AF de acordo com a recomenda&#231;&#227;o da OMS e a mediana do tempo total de AF foi de 60 minutos por semana para popula&#231;&#227;o total (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>Quanto ao perfil lip&#237;dico, os valores de HDL e LDL variaram, respectivamente, de 20 a 148 mg/dL e de 32 a 515 mg/dL para homens, e de 18 a 146 mg/dL e 33 a 411 mg/dL para mulheres. Os valores de TG ficaram entre 26 e 2.070 (mg/dL) para homens e entre 26 e 1.438 100 mg/dL para mulheres (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>Menos da metade dos homens e pouco mais da metade das mulheres apresentavam HDL nos n&#237;veis recomendados, e preval&#234;ncias similares foram observadas para os n&#237;veis considerados desej&#225;veis segundo o g&#234;nero. TG alterado foi observado em cerca de 3/5 dos homens e 2/5 das mulheres (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 2</xref>). G&#234;nero, idade, cor da pele, renda per capita (em quintil), escolaridade, tabagismo, uso de &#225;lcool, IMC e RCQ foram associados estatisticamente aos n&#237;veis recomendados de HDL e TG. J&#225; os n&#237;veis desej&#225;veis de LDL foram associados estatisticamente a idade, escolaridade, tabagismo, IMC e RCQ (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 2</xref>). Os n&#237;veis recomendados de HDL e TG foram associados estatisticamente &#224; intensidade da AF, ao tempo total e ao tempo recomendado de pelo menos 150 minutos por semana. J&#225; a frequ&#234;ncia de LDL em n&#237;veis desej&#225;veis foi associada estatisticamente somente ao tempo total de AF (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o dos participantes do estudo segundo caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas, comportamentais e antropom&#233;tricas de acordo com os n&#237;veis desej&#225;veis de HDL, LDL e triglic&#233;rides (n = 12.688)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;veis</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>HDL</bold>
                  <bold>desej&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>HDL</bold>
                  <bold>alterado</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>p-valor</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>LDL</bold>
                  <bold>desej&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>LDL</bold>
                  <bold>alterado</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>p-valor</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>TG</bold>
                  <bold>desej&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>TG alterado</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>p-valor</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>G&#234;nero(%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,655<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">46,8</td>
                <td align="center">37,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">45,1</td>
                <td align="center">45,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">38,3</td>
                <td align="center">61,0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">53,2</td>
                <td align="center">62,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">54,9</td>
                <td align="center">54,4</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">61,7</td>
                <td align="center">39,0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Idade (anos) (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">35 - 44</td>
                <td align="center">24,6</td>
                <td align="center">30,5</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">28,0</td>
                <td align="center">16,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">27,7</td>
                <td align="center">20,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">45 - 54</td>
                <td align="center">42,4</td>
                <td align="center">42,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">42,2</td>
                <td align="center">43,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">42,1</td>
                <td align="center">43,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">55 - 64</td>
                <td align="center">27,5</td>
                <td align="center">22,1</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">24,6</td>
                <td align="center">33,8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">24,9</td>
                <td align="center">30,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">65 - 69</td>
                <td align="center">5,6</td>
                <td align="center">4,8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">5,2</td>
                <td align="center">6,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">5,3</td>
                <td align="center">5,8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Cor/ra&#231;a (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,041<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,440<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Branca</td>
                <td align="center">50,9</td>
                <td align="center">49,0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">50,5</td>
                <td align="center">50,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">50,6</td>
                <td align="center">50,4</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Parda</td>
                <td align="center">29,0</td>
                <td align="center">32,0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">29,3</td>
                <td align="center">30,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">28,6</td>
                <td align="center">31,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Preta</td>
                <td align="center">6,8</td>
                <td align="center">15,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">16,7</td>
                <td align="center">16,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">17,5</td>
                <td align="center">14,4</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Amarela/Ind&#237;gena</td>
                <td align="center">3,4</td>
                <td align="center">3,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">3,5</td>
                <td align="center">2,9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">3,3</td>
                <td align="center">3,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Escolaridade (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,017<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Superior</td>
                <td align="center">52,9</td>
                <td align="center">45,9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">51,5</td>
                <td align="center">52,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">54,2</td>
                <td align="center">45,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">M&#233;dio</td>
                <td align="center">35,1</td>
                <td align="center">41,1</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">36,6</td>
                <td align="center">34,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">34,9</td>
                <td align="center">39,0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fundamental completo</td>
                <td align="center">6,5</td>
                <td align="center">7,5</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">6,6</td>
                <td align="center">6,9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">6,1</td>
                <td align="center">8,0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fundamental incompleto</td>
                <td align="center">5,5</td>
                <td align="center">5,5</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">5,3</td>
                <td align="center">6,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">4,8</td>
                <td align="center">7,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Renda per capita (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,089<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">1&#176; quintil (maior)</td>
                <td align="center">21,1</td>
                <td align="center">14,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">19,5</td>
                <td align="center">21,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">21,1</td>
                <td align="center">16,9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">2&#176; quintil</td>
                <td align="center">18,7</td>
                <td align="center">16,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">18,2</td>
                <td align="center">18,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">18,6</td>
                <td align="center">17,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">3&#176; quintil</td>
                <td align="center">19,4</td>
                <td align="center">18,9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">19,2</td>
                <td align="center">19,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">19,4</td>
                <td align="center">19,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">4&#176; quintil</td>
                <td align="center">21,2</td>
                <td align="center">24,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">22,0</td>
                <td align="center">20,8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">21,5</td>
                <td align="center">22,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">5&#176; quintil (menor)</td>
                <td align="center">19,6</td>
                <td align="center">26,0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">21,1</td>
                <td align="center">19,5</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">19,4</td>
                <td align="center">23,9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tabagismo (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,003<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca fumou/ Ex-fumante</td>
                <td align="center">86,8</td>
                <td align="center">83,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">86,7</td>
                <td align="center">84,4</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">87,8</td>
                <td align="center">82,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fumante</td>
                <td align="center">13,2</td>
                <td align="center">16,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">13,3</td>
                <td align="center">15,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">12,2</td>
                <td align="center">17,4</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Consumo de &#193;lcool (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,783<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca usou</td>
                <td align="center">9,6</td>
                <td align="center">14,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">10,6</td>
                <td align="center">9,9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">11,1</td>
                <td align="center">9,0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ex-usu&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">18,7</td>
                <td align="center">26,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">20,0</td>
                <td align="center">20,0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">20,2</td>
                <td align="center">19,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Usu&#225;rio moderado</td>
                <td align="center">63,4</td>
                <td align="center">54,9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">61,8</td>
                <td align="center">62,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">63,1</td>
                <td align="center">59,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Usu&#225;rio excessivo</td>
                <td align="center">8,3</td>
                <td align="center">4,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">7,6</td>
                <td align="center">7,8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">5,7</td>
                <td align="center">12,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Consumo de frutas/ verduras(%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,783<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,974<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8804; 4x/semana</td>
                <td align="center">52,3</td>
                <td align="center">52,5</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">52,3</td>
                <td align="center">52,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">50,3</td>
                <td align="center">56,8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 5x/semana</td>
                <td align="center">47,8</td>
                <td align="center">47,5</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">47,7</td>
                <td align="center">47,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">49,7</td>
                <td align="center">43,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>IMC (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Magreza</td>
                <td align="center">1,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Eutrofia</td>
                <td align="center">40,6</td>
                <td align="center">24,4</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">39,3</td>
                <td align="center">31,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">44,4</td>
                <td align="center">22,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sobrepeso</td>
                <td align="center">38,6</td>
                <td align="center">42,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">38,1</td>
                <td align="center">44,1</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">36,5</td>
                <td align="center">45,9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Obesidade</td>
                <td align="center">19,6</td>
                <td align="center">32,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">21,4</td>
                <td align="center">24,0</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">17,7</td>
                <td align="center">31,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>RCQ (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">H &#8804; 0,9; M &#8804; 0,85</td>
                <td align="center">44,7</td>
                <td align="center">28,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">44,1</td>
                <td align="center">33,4</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">51,8</td>
                <td align="center">18,8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">H &gt; 0,9; M &gt; 0,85</td>
                <td align="center">55,3</td>
                <td align="center">71,4</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">55,9</td>
                <td align="center">66,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">48,2</td>
                <td align="center">81,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN14">
              <p>HDL: lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade; HDL desej&#225;vel - &#8805; 40 mg/dL para homens e &#8805; 50 mg/dL para mulheres; LDL: lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade; LDL desej&#225;vel - &lt; 160 mg/dL; TG: triglic&#233;rides; TG desej&#225;vel - &lt; 150 mg/dL; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea; RCQ: raz&#227;o cintura-quadril; H: homens; M: mulheres; p &lt; 0,001 -signific&#225;ncia estat&#237;stica;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN15">
              <label>(*)</label>
              <p>Teste Qui-quadrado.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Preval&#234;ncia de n&#237;veis desej&#225;veis de HLD, LDL e triglic&#233;rides de acordo com indicadores de intensidade e tempo de atividade f&#237;sica entre participantes do ELSA-Brasil com idade entre 35 e 69 anos, 2008-2010, n = 12.688</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;veis</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>HDL</bold>
                  <bold>desej&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>HDL</bold>
                  <bold>alterado</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>p-valor</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>LDL</bold>
                  <bold>desej&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>LDL</bold>
                  <bold>alterado</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>p-valor</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>TG</bold>
                  <bold>desej&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>TG</bold>
                  <bold>alterado</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>p-valor</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>AF (OMS) (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,391<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&lt; 150 min/sem</td>
                <td align="center">61,8</td>
                <td align="center">71,8</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">63,8</td>
                <td align="center">62,9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">62,2</td>
                <td align="center">66,9</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 150 min/sem</td>
                <td align="center">38,2</td>
                <td align="center">28,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">36,2</td>
                <td align="center">37,1</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">37,9</td>
                <td align="center">33,1</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Intensidade da AF (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,046<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Insuficiente</td>
                <td align="center">76,9</td>
                <td align="center">83,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">78,3</td>
                <td align="center">77,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">76,6</td>
                <td align="center">81,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Moderado</td>
                <td align="center">13,3</td>
                <td align="center">10,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">12,5</td>
                <td align="center">14,1</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">13,5</td>
                <td align="center">11,3</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vigorosa</td>
                <td align="center">9,8</td>
                <td align="center">5,7</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">9,3</td>
                <td align="center">8,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">9,9</td>
                <td align="center">7,1</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo total de AF (min/sem)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">&#8225;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">60,0</td>
                <td align="center">0,0</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">60,0</td>
                <td align="center">0,0</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">60,0</td>
                <td align="center">30,0</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN16">
              <p>HDL: lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade; HDL desej&#225;vel - &#8805;40 mg/dL para homens e &gt; 50 mg/dL para mulheres; LDL: lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade; LDL desej&#225;vel - &#8804;160 mg/dL; TG: triglic&#233;rides; TG desej&#225;vel - &lt; 150 mg/dL; p &lt; 0,001: significancia estat&#237;stica; OMS: Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de; AF: atividade f&#237;sica;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN17">
              <label>(*)</label>
              <p>Teste Qui-quadrado;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN18">
              <label>(&#8224;)</label>
              <p>Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney); </p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN19">
              <label>(&#8225;)</label>
              <p>Mediana.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 4</xref> mostra os resultados da an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o linear simples. A AF de intensidade moderada e vigorosa foi associada ao aumento do HDL, com sugest&#227;o de gradiente dose-resposta. Tanto o maior tempo total de AF quanto a pr&#225;tica de AF por pelo menos 150 min/semana ou mais foram associados a eleva&#231;&#227;o do HDL. Todas essas associa&#231;&#245;es se mantiveram ap&#243;s ajuste por g&#234;nero e idade e, posteriormente, pelas demais vari&#225;veis de confus&#227;o que incluiu cor/ra&#231;a, renda per capita, escolaridade, RCQ, IMC, consumo de &#225;lcool, tabagismo atual e consumo de carboidratos totais e de gorduras saturadas (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 4</xref>). O consumo regular de frutas e verduras n&#227;o foi associado estatisticamente aos n&#237;veis de HDL na an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o multivari&#225;vel.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Associa&#231;&#227;o de diferentes indicadores de atividade f&#237;sica no lazer com os n&#237;veis de HDL, LDL e triglic&#233;rides nas an&#225;lises de regress&#227;o linear simples e m&#250;ltipla entre participantes do ELSA-Brasil (n = 12.688)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">
                  <bold>Univari&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">
                  <bold>Ajuste por g&#234;nero e idade<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN23">&#8225;</xref></bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">
                  <bold>Ajuste por todos os fatores de confus&#227;o<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN24">&#167;</xref></bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;veis</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>&#946;</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>[IC95%]</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>R<sup>2</sup></bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>B</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>[IC95%]</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Aj R<sup>2</sup></bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>&#946;</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>[IC95%]</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Aj R<sup>2</sup></bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>HDL</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Intensidade de AF</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,152</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,266</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Moderado</td>
                <td align="center">1,592</td>
                <td align="center">(0,822; 2,361)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">2,087</td>
                <td align="center">(1,376; 2,799)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,893</td>
                <td align="center">(0,219; 1,566)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vigorosa</td>
                <td align="center">2,265</td>
                <td align="center">(1,368; 3,162)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">3,927</td>
                <td align="center">(3,097; 4,758)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,710</td>
                <td align="center">(0,918; 2,501)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">AF (OMS)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,153</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 150 min/semana</td>
                <td align="center">1,522</td>
                <td align="center">(0,996; 2,048)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">2,772</td>
                <td align="center">(2,284; 3,260)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,055</td>
                <td align="center">(0,582; 1,527)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,266</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo total de AF (min/sem)</td>
                <td align="center">0,004</td>
                <td align="center">(0,003; 0,005)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
                <td align="center">0,007</td>
                <td align="center">(0,006; 0,008)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,153</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
                <td align="center">(0,002; 0,005)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,267</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>TG (ln)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Intensidade de AF</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,006</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,093</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,230</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Moderado</td>
                <td align="center">-0,044</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,072; -0,016)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-0,073</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,097; -0,046)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-0,020</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,045; 0,005)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vigorosa</td>
                <td align="center">-0,136</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,168; -0,103)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-0,163</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,195; -0,132)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-0,068</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,097; -0,039)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">AF (OMS)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,091</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,229</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 150 min/semana</td>
                <td align="center">-0,058</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,077; -0,038)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
                <td align="center">-0,093</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,111; -0,074)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-0,022</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,040; -0,005)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo total de AF (min/sem)</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">(0,000; 0,000)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">(0,000; 0,000)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,092</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">(0,000; 0,000)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,230</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>LDL</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Intensidade de AF</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,025</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Moderado</td>
                <td align="center">1,564</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,279; 3,407)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,609</td>
                <td align="center">(-1,215; 2,433)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vigorosa</td>
                <td align="center">-2,282</td>
                <td align="center">(-4,430; -0,134)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-1,501</td>
                <td align="center">(-3,631; 0,628)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>AF (OMS)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 150 min/semana</td>
                <td align="center">0,307</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,952; 1,567)</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo total de AF (min/sem)</td>
                <td align="center">-0,001</td>
                <td align="center">(-0,004; 0,002)</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN20">
              <p>B: &#946; coeficiente ft; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; R<sup>2</sup>: coeficiente de determina&#231;&#227;o; AjR<sup>2</sup>: coeficiente de determina&#231;&#227;o ajustado; HDL: lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade; LDL: lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade; AF: atividade f&#237;sica; AF intensidade: atividade f&#237;sica com intensidade definida com base no IPAQ curto; TG: triglic&#233;rides; OMS: Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de; Tempo total de AF: soma de atividade f&#237;sica em minutos por semana;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN21">
              <label>(*)</label>
              <p>Significancia estat&#237;stica de p &lt; 0,001;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN22">
              <label>(&#8224;)</label>
              <p>Significancia estat&#237;stica de 0,05 &gt; p &gt; 0,001;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN23">
              <label>(&#8225;)</label>
              <p>Regress&#227;o m&#250;ltipla com HDL, LDL e TG (logaritmo n) ajustada por g&#234;nero, idade;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN24">
              <label>(&#167;)</label>
              <p>Regress&#227;o m&#250;ltipla com HDL e TG (logaritmo n) e AF ajustada por g&#234;nero (somente HDL), idade, cor da pele, escolaridade (somente HDL), renda, consumo de &#225;lcool, tabagismo: rela&#231;&#227;o cintura/estatura, &#237;ndice de massa corporal, consumo de carboidratos totais e de gorduras saturadas.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Na regress&#227;o linear m&#250;ltipla, ao se comparar o coeficiente de determina&#231;&#227;o (R<sup>2</sup> ajustado) antes da inclus&#227;o da vari&#225;vel AF (R<sup>2</sup> = 0,265) com o coeficiente ap&#243;s a inclus&#227;o da AF segundo intensidade (R<sup>2</sup> = 0,266), verificou-se que a AF medida pela intensidade explica apenas 0,1% da variabilidade total dos n&#237;veis de HDL na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada. J&#225; em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o de AF &#8805; 150 min/semana bem como o tempo total de AF explicaram, respectivamente, 0,1% e 0,2% da variabilidade total dos n&#237;veis de HDL na coorte ELSA-Brasil, tendo em vista que os R<sup>2</sup> ajustados ap&#243;s a inclus&#227;o dessas duas vari&#225;veis de AF foram iguais a 0,266 e 0,267, respectivamente.</p>
        <p>Em compara&#231;&#227;o a quem apresenta AF insuficiente, a AF moderada foi associada a um aumento dos n&#237;veis de HDL em 0,89 mg/dL, e a AF vigorosa, ao aumento dos n&#237;veis HDL em 1,71 mg/dL, ap&#243;s ajuste por fatores de confus&#227;o (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 4</xref>). Ou seja, indiv&#237;duos com AF insuficiente e n&#237;vel de HDL igual a 50,8 mg/dL, poderiam ter seu HDL aumentado em medida para 51,7 mg/dL ou 52,5 mg/dL, caso praticassem AF moderada ou vigorosa, respectivamente, mantendo todas as demais caracter&#237;sticas, comportamentos e medidas inalteradas.</p>
        <p>Na regress&#227;o linear simples, a maior intensidade da AF, a pr&#225;tica de pelo menos 150 min/semana de AF e o tempo total de AF (min/semana) foram associados a menores n&#237;veis de TG (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 3</xref>). As associa&#231;&#245;es encontradas se mantiveram estatisticamente significantes ap&#243;s ajuste por g&#234;nero, idade e demais vari&#225;veis de confus&#227;o (cor/ra&#231;a, renda, RCQ, consumo de &#225;lcool, tabagismo atual e consumo de carboidratos totais e gorduras saturadas).</p>
        <p>Os resultados finais ajustados mostram que, quando comparada a AF insuficiente, a AF moderada e vigorosa associou-se &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o de 0,98 mg/dL e 0,93 mg/dL na m&#233;dia geom&#233;trica do TG, respectivamente, indicando rela&#231;&#227;o dose-resposta. Isso implica que indiv&#237;duos com n&#237;veis de TG de 111,9 mg/dL e AF insuficiente poderiam reduzir seus valores de TG em m&#233;dia para 109,7 mg/dL ou 104,6 mg/dL, respectivamente, se praticasse AF moderada ou vigorosa, mantendo todas os demais fatores comportamentais e antropom&#233;tricos inalterados.</p>
        <p>A pr&#225;tica de AF superior a 150 min/semana, como recomenda a OMS, associou-se com a redu&#231;&#227;o de 0,98 mg/dL na m&#233;dia geom&#233;trica do TG. A compara&#231;&#227;o do R<sup>2</sup> ajustado da an&#225;lise multivariada antes (R<sup>2</sup> = 0,228) e ap&#243;s incluir a AF segundo intensidade (R<sup>2</sup> = 0,230) indica que a AF explica apenas 0,2% da variabilidade dos n&#237;veis de TG na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada. J&#225; AF segundo recomenda&#231;&#227;o da OMS explica 0,1% dessa distribui&#231;&#227;o, j&#225; que o R<sup>2</sup> ajustado ap&#243;s a inclus&#227;o desta vari&#225;vel de AF foi igual a 0,229.</p>
        <p>A vari&#225;vel LDL, na an&#225;lise univariada, apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significante somente com AF vigorosa. Entretanto, ap&#243;s ajustes por g&#234;nero e idade, a associa&#231;&#227;o da AF com os n&#237;veis de LDL deixou de ser estatisticamente significante e, por isto, n&#227;o realizamos an&#225;lise multivari&#225;vel (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>O presente estudo mostrou que a pr&#225;tica de AF, categorizada por diferentes maneiras, foi associada de forma independente a maiores concentra&#231;&#245;es de HDL e menores n&#237;veis de TG em uma grande amostra de indiv&#237;duos que n&#227;o usam medica&#231;&#227;o para controle de lip&#237;deos. Nossos resultados tamb&#233;m n&#227;o indicam que os benef&#237;cios da intensidade sejam claramente superiores ou inferiores ao tempo de AF de 150 min/semana recomendado pela OMS. Considerando que a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira apresenta significativa morbimortalidade cardiovascular e alta taxa de sedentarismo, os dados deste estudo se tornam relevantes por refor&#231;ar a necessidade de manter e ampliar programas p&#250;blicos de est&#237;mulo &#224; pr&#225;tica regular de AF, visando a melhorar o perfil lip&#237;dico da popula&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Nossos resultados espelham aqueles encontrados em estudos que avaliaram o HDL e TG. Similarmente, em estudos de treinamento f&#237;sico, o aumento do HDL e a diminui&#231;&#227;o nos TG s&#227;o observados mais frequentemente do que a diminui&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de colesterol total ou LDL.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Na tentativa de avaliar o impacto de componentes como dura&#231;&#227;o e intensidade sobre os n&#237;veis de HDL, LDL e TG, analisamos separadamente diferentes par&#226;metros de classifica&#231;&#227;o da AF. Estudos relataram rela&#231;&#227;o dose-resposta na associa&#231;&#227;o entre intensidade da AF e melhoria do perfil lip&#237;dico, em particular na eleva&#231;&#227;o da HDL e redu&#231;&#227;o do TG em popula&#231;&#245;es previamente sedent&#225;rias ou inativas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> Em concord&#226;ncia com o observado, encontramos que quanto maior a intensidade da AF maior o aumento m&#233;dio dos n&#237;veis da HDL e menores os n&#237;veis de TG.</p>
        <p>Tr&#234;s estudos de meta-an&#225;lises sobre o impacto de treinamento f&#237;sico mostraram aumentos m&#233;dios na HDL de 1,2, 2,53 e 1,95 mg/dL e diminui&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de TG de 15,8 e 7,12 mg/dL ap&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> Encontramos aumento m&#233;dio da HDL de 0,89 mg/dL, em praticantes de AF moderada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; AF insuficiente, e aumento de 1,71 mg/dL, para a AF vigorosa. A AF moderada reduziu em 0,98 mg/dL a m&#233;dia geom&#233;trica do TG em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; AF insuficiente, enquanto a AF vigorosa reduziu em 0,93 mg/dL. A melhoria no perfil lip&#237;dico tem impacto direto no risco de DCV e diabetes. O <italic>Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Mortality Follow-up</italic> (LRCF) mostrou que o aumento de 1 mg/dL no valor de HDL reduziu em 3,5% o risco de doen&#231;a coronariana (DAC) e em 3,7% e 4,7% a mortalidade em homens e mulheres, respectivamente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref> Segundo resultados do HEART, o incremento em 1 mg/dL de HDL no plasma est&#225; associado com a redu&#231;&#227;o de 2% a 3% no risco de DAC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Diferentemente de estudos que observaram que a quantidade de exerc&#237;cio fez uma diferen&#231;a maior nas concentra&#231;&#245;es plasm&#225;ticas de lipoprote&#237;nas do que a intensidade do exerc&#237;cio,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref> o presente estudo verificou que, tanto a frequ&#234;ncia quanto a intensidade s&#227;o importantes para esse efeito, com maior interfer&#234;ncia da intensidade. Diante dos achados do estudo ELSA-Brasil e das controv&#233;rsias da literatura, h&#225; necessidade de aclarar o papel da AF, especialmente em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; quantidade e intensidade dessa atividade, para melhorar as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de AF que visem aumentar a HDL e reduzir o TG.</p>
        <p>Estudo transversal holand&#234;s com indiv&#237;duos de tr&#234;s etnias utilizando o question&#225;rio SQUASH para aferir o n&#237;vel da AF e os mesmos crit&#233;rios do ELSA-Brasil para definir perfil lip&#237;dico favor&#225;vel verificou que a intensidade da AF, e n&#227;o a dura&#231;&#227;o, associou-se a perfil lip&#237;dico mais favor&#225;vel. O tempo total de AF associou-se a melhores n&#237;veis de HDL e TG apenas em afro-surinameses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Verificamos que a intensidade vigorosa da AF apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o mais forte com o perfil lip&#237;dico favor&#225;vel, mas que tamb&#233;m h&#225; uma associa&#231;&#227;o com o tempo total de AF semanal, independente da intensidade. Vale salientar que 25% dos indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o praticavam AF no lazer (tempo total de AF no lazer = 0). Nossos resultados sugerem que a AF vigorosa est&#225; associada a maior benef&#237;cio sobre o perfil lip&#237;dico quando comparada ao tempo de AF, mas n&#227;o a AF moderada. Mas &#233; preciso ressaltar que devido ao delineamento transversal do presente estudo, n&#227;o podemos inferir uma rela&#231;&#227;o de causalidade entre a AF em qualquer das modalidades analisadas e os n&#237;veis de TG ou HDL.</p>
        <p>Em 2011, a OMS recomendou para os adultos a pr&#225;tica de pelo menos 150 minutos semanais de AF de intensidade insuficiente a moderada no tempo de lazer ou pelo menos 75 minutos semanais de atividade vigorosa. No presente estudo cerca de 64% dos participantes n&#227;o alcan&#231;aram o n&#237;vel recomendado de AF no lazer, sendo o percentual maior entre as mulheres (68,4%) do que entre os homens (57,7%). Verificamos ainda que a pr&#225;tica de AF pelo tempo recomendado pela OMS foi associada significativamente a maiores n&#237;veis de HDL e menores de TG, independente da intensidade. Portanto, nossos resultados d&#227;o suporte &#224; recomenda&#231;&#227;o da OMS de pelo menos 150 minutos de AF por semana, que &#233; mais simples e f&#225;cil de ser disseminada, quando comparada a recomenda&#231;&#245;es baseadas na intensidade.</p>
        <p>No delineamento do estudo, v&#225;rios cuidados foram tomados para garantir a qualidade das informa&#231;&#245;es. A coleta de dados e material biol&#243;gico nos seis centros seguiu procedimentos rigorosamente padronizados e foi submetida a controle de qualidade constante. O armazenamento e an&#225;lises laboratoriais foram centralizados em laborat&#243;rio certificado. Sobre a amostra, foi suficientemente grande e heterog&#234;nea (g&#234;nero, idade, escolaridade e comportamentos) para garantir poder estat&#237;stico para as an&#225;lises realizadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Entretanto, vale ressaltar que a se&#231;&#227;o de AF no lazer do question&#225;rio IPAQ longo possui limita&#231;&#245;es e menor precis&#227;o do que aferi&#231;&#245;es da AF por dispositivos objetivos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref> Mas, em grandes pesquisas epidemiol&#243;gicas, como o ELSA-Brasil, o uso de question&#225;rio &#233; um meio f&#225;cil e de baixo custo para avaliar a AF, oferecendo informa&#231;&#245;es que permitem estimar tanto os n&#237;veis de AF quanto intensidade e frequ&#234;ncia. Al&#233;m disso, o IPAQ foi validado em diversos pa&#237;ses, inclusive no Brasil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O presente trabalho estimou a contribui&#231;&#227;o independente da AF no lazer durante a &#250;ltima semana sobre os n&#237;veis correntes de HDL, LDL e de TG. &#201; poss&#237;vel que parte dos indiv&#237;duos classificados como ativos na &#250;ltima semana n&#227;o sejam ativos rotineiramente e vice-versa, ou que indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o ativos na &#250;ltima semana sejam ativos a maior parte do tempo. Entretanto, &#233; improv&#225;vel que erros como esses sejam diferenciais em rela&#231;&#227;o ao perfil lip&#237;dico. Erros n&#227;o diferenciais tendem a diluir as associa&#231;&#245;es estimadas, o que levaria a subestimar a real contribui&#231;&#227;o da AF para o perfil lip&#237;dico no presente trabalho. Vale salientar que nossa an&#225;lise n&#227;o levou em conta a AF no deslocamento e na ocupa&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Existe uma associa&#231;&#227;o ben&#233;fica entre o maior n&#237;vel de AF e o perfil lip&#237;dico favor&#225;vel de HDL e TG, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. A pr&#225;tica de AF vigorosa, mas n&#227;o a moderada, associou-se com mudan&#231;as mais positivas no perfil lip&#237;dico do que o tempo de AF isoladamente. Esses achados contribuem para refor&#231;ar as pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas de preven&#231;&#227;o e redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de doen&#231;as cardiometab&#243;licas baseadas na expans&#227;o e facilita&#231;&#227;o da realiza&#231;&#227;o de AF no lazer.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pelo Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de e Minist&#233;rio da Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de Disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Raquel Caroline da Silva pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <ack>
        <title>Agradecimentos</title>
        <p>O ELSA-Brasil foi financiado pelo Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de (Departamento de Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia), Minist&#233;rio de Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos e Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa), processos: 01 06 0010.00 RS, 01 06 0212.00BA, 01 06 0300.00 ES, 01 06 0278.00 MG, 01 06 0115.00SP, 01 06 0071.00 RJ. SM Barreto possui bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa do CNPq (processo n&#186; 300159/99&#8209;4) e RCS recebeu bolsa de mestrado da CAPES.</p>
      </ack>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
