<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.4" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">L7xhbPqZkpy6KRFPRnvTqLL</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2016000600538</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160090</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case 4/2016: 32-Year-Old Female, with Critical Pulmonary Valve Stenosis. Operated at 4 Months of Age, in Normal Healing Evolution</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Edmar Atik's Private Clinic</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Edmar Atik's Private Clinic, SP- Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Edmar Atik</bold>, Medical Office. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74 conj.73, Bela Vista. Postal Code 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>eatik@cardiol.br</email>, <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>106</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>538</fpage>
      <lpage>540</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Defects</kwd>
        <kwd>Congenital/surgery</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p><bold>Clinical Data:</bold> Good clinical evolution was observed after correction of marked critical pulmonary valve stenosis, with central orifice with one (01) mm of diameter of valve opening, in a case of right heart failure and cyanosis by right to left shunt through foramen ovale, on an emergency basis, with circulatory arrest without cardiopulmonary bypass, at 4 months of age. On that occasion, a commissurotomy of the trivalvular pulmonary valve through the pulmonary trunk was performed. Mild systolic murmur in the pulmonary area, though less intense than before surgery, which remained audible until adolescence. Currently, the patient is able to carry out routine activities and does not refer any symptoms. The patient has led a normal life, having graduated in law at a traditional university with normal and well tolerated physical performance.</p>
    <p><bold>Physical Examination:</bold> good general state, eupneic, acyanotic, normal pulse. Weight: 57 Kgs. Height: 158 cm, right upper limb blood pressure: 110/70 mm Hg, HR: 74 bpm. The aorta was not palpated at the suprasternal notch. In the precordium, apex beat was not palpated and there were no systolic impulses. Heart sounds were normal and there was no audible cardiac murmur. The liver was not palpated and lungs were clear.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>Supplementary Exams</title>
      <p><bold>Electrochardiogram</bold> showed junctional rhythm and discreet end disorder of conduction through the right branch with complex rSr in V1 with normal duration of QRS of 0.094 seconds. AP = -30&#186;; AQRS = -10&#186;; AT = +10&#186; (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). ECG, done before the surgery at 4 months old, highlighted the significant right ventricular and atrial overload with electrical signals of systolic pressure of the right ventricle greater than systemic pressure with depression of ST segment in the right precordials and QR waves from V1 to V5, largely negative T waves from V1 to V6 and peaked P wave with 5 to 6 mm amplitude from V2 to V4; AP = +50&#176;, AQRS = + 170&#176;, AT = -60&#176;. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Chest X-Rays show enlarged cardiac area, with decreased pulmonary vasculature in periods pre and immediate to surgery for correction of pulmonary valve stenosis, and with electrocardiogram with marked overload of right cardiac cavities with signs of suprasystemic systolic pressure.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-106-06-0538-60090-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Chest X-Rays show slightly enlarged and fully normal cardiac area, respectively 3 and 32 years after surgical correction of pulmonary valve stenosis. Electrocardiogram with minimal end disorder of conduction through the right branch.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-106-06-0538-60090-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Chest X-Ray</bold> showed cardiac area slightly enlarged, three years after surgery, and completely normal at 32 years of age, with normal pulmonary vasculature (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>), in contrast with clear cardiomegaly from enlargement of right cavities in the periods of immediate pre and post-surgery (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p><bold>Echocardiogram</bold> showed cardiac cavities with normal dimensions, normal biventricular function without valvular abnormalities, except for a slightly thickened pulmonary valve showing pressure gradient of 10 mm Hg and without any valve insufficiency. There was patent foramen ovale with minimal passage to the right atrium.</p>
      <p><bold>Clinical Diagnosis:</bold> Critical pulmonary valve stenosis operated with circulatory arrest in infant period, at 4 months of age, in evolution for long term anatomic and functional cure.</p>
      <p><bold>Clinical Rationale:</bold> Evolutionary clinical findings were consistent with the diagnosis of prior pulmonary valve stenosis given the persistency of end disorder of conduction through the right branch on electrocardiogram, electric expression of marked right ventricular overload prior to surgical correction. The absence of residual systolic murmur highlights good progress, and when this condition includes residual pressure gradient at the pulmonary valve, it should be under 10 mm Hg, as shown in the echocardiogram. Another favorable element is the normal size of the cardiac area in the chest X-Ray, which highlights anatomic and functional normality.</p>
      <p><bold>Differential Diagnosis:</bold> Operated congenital heart diseases which show the same clinical and laboratory aspects are those represented by interventricular and interatrial communication, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great arteries, and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, among the main ones.</p>
      <p><bold>Conduct:</bold> In view of the anatomic and functional normalization, a healthy and normal life with assurance of the capability to perform any kind of human activity without restrictions is recommended.</p>
      <p><bold>Comments:</bold> The anatomic and functional normality, after correction of the pulmonary valve stenosis, may only be obtained through proper surgical conduct, under direct vision, in valve anatomy without dystrophies and well constituted valves, as well as a normal sized pulmonary annulus. This surgical idea maintains that percutaneous commissurotomy with rupture of the valve, and not of the commissure, generally results in a less favorable evolution, especially if it is related to varied degrees of pulmonary valve insufficiency. However, according to reports found in the literature, more deeply marked degrees of pulmonary valve insufficiency occur in 20 to 30% of cases and require further surgical procedures with placement of a biological valve, regardless of the previously employed technique, surgical or percutaneous. Thus the percutaneous procedure became routine in clinical practice.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Most patients who undergo percutaneous treatment evolve favorably, since pulmonary valve insufficiency does not occur in 12%, is mild in 64%, moderate in 18%, and severe in 6%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> The results, in general, are comparable between the two procedures, surgical or percutaneous. Thus we can state than the best evolution is related to a more adequate anatomy of the pulmonary valve, especially when a commissurotomy is flawlessly performed, surgically or percutaneously.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Xu XD, Liu SX, Zhao XX, Qin YW. Comparison of medium-term results of transcatheter correction versus surgical treatment for secundum type atrial septal defect combined with pulmonary valve stenosis. Int Heart J. 2014;55(4):326-30.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Xu</surname>
              <given-names>XD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>SX</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhao</surname>
              <given-names>XX</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Qin</surname>
              <given-names>YW</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Comparison of medium-term results of transcatheter correction versus surgical treatment for secundum type atrial septal defect combined with pulmonaryvalve stenosis</article-title>
          <source>Int Heart J</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>55</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>326</fpage>
          <lpage>330</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Al Balushi AY, Al Shuaili H, Al Khabori M, Al Maskri S. Pulmonary valve regurgitation following balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary valve stenosis: Single center experience. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2013;6(2):141-4.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Al Balushi</surname>
              <given-names>AY</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Al Shuaili</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Al Khabori</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Al Maskri</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Maskri S. Pulmonary valve regurgitation following balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary valve stenosis: Single center experience</article-title>
          <source>Ann Pediatr Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>6</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>141</fpage>
          <lpage>144</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 4/2016: Mulher de 32 Anos, com Estenose Valvar Pulmonar Cr&#237;tica. Operada com 4 Meses, em Evolu&#231;&#227;o Normal de Cura</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Privada do Dr Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik</bold>, Consult&#243;rio privado. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74 conj.73, Bela Vista. CEP 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>eatik@cardiol.br</email>, <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas/cirurgia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos:</bold> Ap&#243;s corre&#231;&#227;o de acentuada estenose pulmonar valvar cr&#237;tica, com orif&#237;cio central de 01 (um) mm de di&#226;metro de abertura valvar, em quadro de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca direita e cianose por <italic>shunt</italic> da direita para a esquerda por forame oval, em car&#225;ter de emerg&#234;ncia, com parada circulat&#243;ria sem circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea, aos 4 meses de idade, verificou-se boa evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica posterior, em vida normal. Na ocasi&#227;o, foi realizada comissurotomia da valva pulmonar trivalvulada atrav&#233;s do tronco pulmonar. Sopro sist&#243;lico discreto na &#225;rea pulmonar, embora menos intenso que anteriormente &#224; cirurgia, permaneceu aud&#237;vel at&#233; a adolesc&#234;ncia. Atualmente, tolera bem os exerc&#237;cios rotineiros e n&#227;o refere sintomas. Manteve-se ao longo do tempo em vida normal tendo se formado em advocacia em faculdade tradicional e com desempenho f&#237;sico habitual e bem tolerado.</p>
      <p>Exame f&#237;sico: bom estado geral, eupneica, acian&#243;tica, pulsos normais. Peso: 57 Kgs. Alt.: 158 cm, PAMSD: 110/70 mmHg, FC: 74 bpm. A aorta n&#227;o era palpada na f&#250;rcula.</p>
      <p>No prec&#243;rdio, <italic>ictus cordis</italic> n&#227;o era palpado e n&#227;o havia impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas. As bulhas card&#237;acas eram normofon&#233;ticas e n&#227;o se auscultava sopro card&#237;aco. O f&#237;gado n&#227;o era palpado e os pulm&#245;es eram limpos.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Exames Complementares</title>
        <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold> mostrava ritmo juncional e discreto dist&#250;rbio final de condu&#231;&#227;o pelo ramo direito com complexo rSr' em V1 com dura&#231;&#227;o normal do QRS de 0,094 segundos. AP = -30&#186;, AQRS = -10&#186;, AT = +10&#186; (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>). O ECG, realizado antes da cirurgia com 4 meses de idade, salientava a importante sobrecarga ventricular e atrial direitas com sinais el&#233;tricos de press&#227;o sist&#243;lica de ventr&#237;culo direito superior &#224; sist&#234;mica com infradesnivelamento do segmento ST nas precordiais direitas e onda QR de V1 a V5, ondas T amplamente negativas de V1 a V6 e onda P apiculada com amplitude de 5 a 6 mm de V2 a V4; AP = +50&#186;, AQRS = +170&#176;, AT = -60&#186;. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Radiograf&#237;as de t&#243;rax mostram &#225;rea card&#237;aca aumentada, com trama vascular pulmonar diminu&#237;da em per&#237;odo pr&#233;vio e imediato &#224; cirurgia da corre&#231;&#227;o da estenose pulmonar valvar, e com eletrocardiograma com acentuada sobrecarga das cavidades card&#237;acas direitas com sinais de press&#227;o sist&#243;lica suprassist&#234;mica.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-106-06-0538-60090-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f4">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Radiograf&#237;as de t&#243;rax mostram &#225;rea card&#237;aca discretamente aumentada e plenamente normal, respectivamente 3 e 32 anos ap&#243;s a corre&#231;&#227;o operat&#243;ria da estenose pulmonar valvar e eletrocardiograma com m&#237;nimo dist&#250;rbio final de condu&#231;&#227;o pelo ramo direito.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-106-06-0538-60090-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax</bold> mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca discretamente aumentada, tr&#234;s anos ap&#243;s a opera&#231;&#227;o, e inteiramente normal com 32 anos de idade com trama vascular pulmonar normal (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>), em contraste com a n&#237;tida cardiomegalia por aumento das cavidades direitas em per&#237;odos pr&#233; e p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p><bold>Ecocardiograma</bold> mostrou cavidades card&#237;acas com dimens&#245;es normais, fun&#231;&#227;o biventricular normal e sem anormalidades valvares, exceto valva pulmonar levemente espessada e revelando gradiente de press&#227;o de 10 mmHg e sem qualquer insufici&#234;ncia valvar. Havia forame oval patente com m&#237;nima passagem para o &#225;trio direito.</p>
        <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico Cl&#237;nico:</bold> Estenose valvar pulmonar cr&#237;tica operada com parada circulat&#243;ria em per&#237;odo de lactente, com 4 meses de idade, em evolu&#231;&#227;o para cura an&#225;tomo-funcional a longo prazo.</p>
        <p><bold>Racioc&#237;nio Cl&#237;nico:</bold> os elementos cl&#237;nicos evolutivos eram compat&#237;veis com o diagn&#243;stico de estenose pulmonar valvar pr&#233;via dada &#224; manuten&#231;&#227;o de dist&#250;rbio final de condu&#231;&#227;o do ramo direito no eletrocardiograma, express&#227;o el&#233;trica de sobrecarga acentuada de ventr&#237;culo direito anteriormente &#224; corre&#231;&#227;o operat&#243;ria. A aus&#234;ncia de sopro sist&#243;lico residual acentua a boa evolu&#231;&#227;o, que ocorre quando o gradiente de press&#227;o atrav&#233;s a valva pulmonar for inferior a 10 mmHg, como demonstrado pelo ecocardiograma. Acresce elemento favor&#225;vel o tamanho normal da &#225;rea card&#237;aca na radiografia de t&#243;rax, o que salienta a normalidade an&#225;tomo-funcional.</p>
        <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</bold> cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas operadas que tamb&#233;m mostram o mesmo aspecto cl&#237;nico e laboratorial figuram as representadas pela comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular e interatrial, a persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial, coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta, transposi&#231;&#227;o das grandes art&#233;rias, drenagem an&#243;mala das veias pulmonares, dentre as principais.</p>
        <p><bold>Conduta:</bold> Em face da normaliza&#231;&#227;o an&#225;tomo-funcional, recomenda-se vida saud&#225;vel e normal com assertiva da capacidade de exercer qualquer tipo de atividade humana, sem restri&#231;&#245;es.</p>
        <p><bold>Coment&#225;rios:</bold> A normalidade an&#225;tomo-funcional, ap&#243;s corre&#231;&#227;o da estenose valvar pulmonar, s&#243; pode ser obtida atrav&#233;s da atua&#231;&#227;o adequada operat&#243;ria, sob vis&#227;o direta, em anatomia valvar sem distrofias e com v&#225;lvulas bem constitu&#237;das, al&#233;m do anel pulmonar de tamanho normal. Esse pensamento cir&#250;rgico defende a ideia de que a comissurotomia percut&#226;nea com rompimento da pr&#243;pria v&#225;lvula e n&#227;o da comissura, resulta, em geral, em evolu&#231;&#227;o mais desfavor&#225;vel, principalmente se relacionada a graus variados de insufici&#234;ncia valvar pulmonar. No entanto, segundo relatos na literatura, graus mais acentuados de insufici&#234;ncia valvar pulmonar ocorrem em 20 a 30% dos casos e necessitam de ulterior reparo operat&#243;rio com coloca&#231;&#227;o de valva biol&#243;gica, independentemente da t&#233;cnica pr&#233;via empregada, cir&#250;rgica ou percut&#226;nea. Da&#237; que, o procedimento percut&#226;neo se tornou rotineiro na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A maioria dos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento percut&#226;neo evolui favoravelmente em vista de que a insufici&#234;ncia valvar pulmonar inexiste em 12%, &#233; discreta em 64%, moderada em 18% e acentuada em 6%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Os resultados, em geral, s&#227;o compar&#225;veis entre os dois procedimentos. Reafirma-se que a melhor evolu&#231;&#227;o guarda rela&#231;&#227;o com a anatomia mais adequada da valva pulmonar, principalmente quando se realiza a comissurotomia, cir&#250;rgica ou percut&#226;nea, de maneira perfeita.</p>
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