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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.4" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">5CZRwGGSmSsxHzTsD6J5kkf</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2016000500450</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160073</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Very Complicated Inferior Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Multimodality Imaging Approach</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cruz</surname>
            <given-names>In&#234;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cotrim</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fazendas</surname>
            <given-names>Paula</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>H&#233;lder</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Garcia de Orta</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Cardiology Department</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Almada</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cardiology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada - Portugal</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Hospital Garcia de Orta</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: In&#234;s Cruz</bold>, Hospital Garcia de Orta. Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267 Almada - Portugal. E-mail: <email>inesmariarosariocruz@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Cruz I, Cotrim C; Acquisition of data and Writing of the manuscript: Cruz I; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Cruz I, Cotrim C, Lopes L; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Cotrim C, Lopes L, Fazendas P.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>5</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>106</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>450</fpage>
      <lpage>451</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Septal Rupture</kwd>
        <kwd>Aneurysm</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Revascularization</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A 47-year-old male presented with a subacute inferior myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by inferobasal ventricular septal rupture (VSR) and underwent emergency surgical repair of VSR with a pericardial patch. In the postoperative period he remained hypotensive, with low exercise tolerance and a holosystolic murmur was present. Echocardiography showed persistence of VSR with left-right shunt (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1A</xref>) and revealed an aneurysmatic region at the inferobasal wall of the left ventricle (LV), suggestive of a true aneurysm due to its large "neck" and smooth transition from normal myocardium to the aneurysm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1A</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">1B</xref>). Cardiac magnetic resonance confirmed the VSR (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1C</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">1D</xref>) with significant shunt (Qp/Qs of 2.3), showed transmural necrosis of the basal and mid segments of the inferior and free wall of the right ventricle with moderate systolic dysfunction and also revealed that the aneurysmatic inferobasal region of LV was actually a pseudoaneurysm, without myocardial tissue but with a sessile and adherent thrombus within it (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1E</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">1F</xref>).</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Echocardiographic mid-ventricular short axis view showing VSR with left-to-right shunt (A). Echocardiographic two-chamber view showing an inferobasal aneurysmatic region (B). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) cine-imaging with a ventricular short axis (C) and four-chamber views (D) showing the accelerated flow through the ventricular septal defect (white arrow). CMR late-gadolinium enhanced images showing an inferobasal left ventricular pseudoaneurysm with a thrombus (star, E and F). RA: right atrium; LA: left atrium; RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-106-05-0450-60073-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>In conclusion, this patient presented with an inferior MI complicated by right ventricular infarction, inferobasal VSR and inferior pseudoaneurysm with organized thrombus inside. Mechanical complications are rare nowadays due to early revascularization. The multimodality imaging approach is essential for their correct diagnosis.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio Inferior Muito Complicado: O Papel da Abordagem com Multimodalidade de Imagens</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cruz</surname>
            <given-names>In&#234;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cotrim</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fazendas</surname>
            <given-names>Paula</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>H&#233;lder</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Cardiology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada - Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: In&#234;s Cruz</bold>, Hospital Garcia de Orta. Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267 Almada - Portugal. E-mail: <email>inesmariarosariocruz@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Cruz I, Cotrim C; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Cruz I; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Cruz I, Cotrim C, Lopes L; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Cotrim C, Lopes L, Fazendas P, Pereira H.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Ruptura do Septo Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Aneurisma</kwd>
        <kwd>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Um paciente do sexo masculino de 47 anos de idade apresentou-se com um infarto do mioc&#225;rdio (IM) subagudo inferior, complicado por ruptura do septo ventricular (RSV) inferobasal e foi submetido a reparo cir&#250;rgico de emerg&#234;ncia da RSV com retalho de peric&#225;rdio. No per&#237;odo p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio ele permaneceu hipotensor, com baixa toler&#226;ncia a exerc&#237;cio e um sopro holossist&#243;lico estava presente. O ecocardiograma mostrou persist&#234;ncia da RSV com <italic>shunt</italic> esquerdo-direito (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1A</xref>) e revelou uma regi&#227;o aneurism&#225;tica na parede inferobasal do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE), sugestiva de um aneurisma verdadeiro devido a seu grande "colo" e transi&#231;&#227;o suave do mioc&#225;rdio normal para o aneurisma (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figuras 1A</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">1B</xref>). A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca confirmou a RSV (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figuras 1C</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">1D</xref>) com shunt significativo (Qp/Qs de 2,3), mostrou necrose transmural dos segmentos basal e m&#233;dio da parede inferior e livre do ventr&#237;culo direito, com disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica moderada e tamb&#233;m revelou que a regi&#227;o inferobasal aneurism&#225;tica do VE era na verdade um pseudoaneurisma, sem tecido mioc&#225;rdico, mas com um trombo s&#233;ssil e aderente dentro dele (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figuras 1E</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">1F</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Imagem ecocardiogr&#225;fica de eixo curto do segmento m&#233;dio-ventricular mostrando RSV com shunt da esquerda para a direita (A). Imagem ecocardiogr&#225;fica em corte de 2 c&#226;maras, mostrando uma regi&#227;o aneurism&#225;tica inferobasal (B). Cine-Resson&#226;ncia Magn&#233;tica Card&#237;aca (RMC) de eixo ventricular curto (C) e corte de quatro c&#226;maras (D) mostrando o fluxo acelerado atrav&#233;s da comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular (seta branca). Imagens da RMC com realce tardio com gadol&#237;nio mostrando um pseudoaneurisma inferobasal ventricular esquerdo com um trombo (estrela, E e F). AD: &#225;trio direito; AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-106-05-0450-60073-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Em conclus&#227;o, este paciente apresentou com um IM inferior complicado por infarto do ventr&#237;culo direito, RSV inferobasal e pseudoaneurisma inferior com trombo organizado dentro dele. Complica&#231;&#245;es mec&#226;nicas s&#227;o raras hoje em dia devido &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o precoce. A abordagem com multimodalidade de imagens &#233; essencial para o diagn&#243;stico correto.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
