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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">BcWPJW43ZHM9kFBBkpZJpgM</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2016000300171</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160026</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
          <subj-group>
            <subject>Clinical arrhythmia</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reproducibility and Reliability of the Quality of Life Questionnaire in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Rita Simone Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bassolli</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Coutinho</surname>
            <given-names>Enia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferrer</surname>
            <given-names>Paloma</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bragan&#231;a</surname>
            <given-names>&#201;rika Olivier</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Carlos Camargo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Paola</surname>
            <given-names>Angelo Amato de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Luna</surname>
            <given-names>Br&#225;ulio</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Rita Simone Lopes Moreira</bold>, Hospital S&#227;o Paulo - Hospital Universit&#225;rio da UNIFESP. Rua dos Otonis, 880, ap 11, V. Clementino. Postal Code 04025-002, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>molosiri@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Moreira RS, Coutinho E, Bragan&#231;a EO, Luna Filho B; Acquisition of data: Moreira RS, Coutinho E, Ferrer P; Analysis and interpretation of the data and Statistical analysis: Moreira RS, Bassolli L, Luna Filho B; Writing of the manuscript: Moreira RS, Luna Filho B; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Moreira RS, Bassolli L, Bragan&#231;a EO, Carvalho ACC, Paola AA, Luna Filho B.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>3</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>106</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>171</fpage>
      <lpage>181</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Studies have shown the impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the patients' quality of life. Specific questionnaires enable the evaluation of relevant events. We previously developed a questionnaire to assess the quality of life of patients with AF (AFQLQ version 1), which was reviewed in this study, and new domains were added.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To demonstrate the reproducibility of the AFQLQ version 2 (AFQLQ v.2), which included the domains of fatigue, illness perception and well-being.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>We applied 160 questionnaires (AFQLQ v.2 and SF-36) to 40 patients, at baseline and 15 days after, to measure inter- and intraobserver reproducibility. The analysis of quality of life stability was determined by test-retest, applying the Bartko intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>The total score of the test-retest (n = 40) had an ICC of 0.98 in the AFQLQ v.2, and of 0.94 in the SF36. In assessing the intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the AFQLQ v.2, the ICC reliability was 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. The internal consistency had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82, compatible with good agreement of the AFQLQ v.2.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>The AFQLQ v.2 performed better than its previous version. Similarly, the domains added contributed to make it more comprehensive and robust to assess the quality of life of patients with AF.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation/psychology</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality of Life</kwd>
        <kwd>Questionnaires</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, being associated with a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence increases with age, and 70% of the population with AF belongs to the age group between 65 and 85 years. It manifests more commonly in men, but after the age of 75 years, women constitute 70% of the population affected.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In Brazil, 1.5 million individuals are estimated to have AF, which accounts for 33% of the hospitalizations. In the United States, persistent and paroxysmal AF is present in approximately 2-3 million North-Americans. In Europe, it is detected in 4.5 million people, with a projection that by 2050 it reaches 5.6 million people, 50% of whom older than 80 years.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Several clinical situations, such as hypertension, heart failure, rheumatic and non-rheumatic valvular diseases, diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism, increase the risk for AF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The most common clinical manifestations of symptomatic patients with AF are palpitations, dizziness, dyspnea, chest pain and reduced tolerance to physical activity. Less specific symptoms, such as fatigue, anxiety and depression, have also been reported. Therefore, the physical or emotional clinical manifestations of patients with AF have a substantial impact on their quality of life.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Although the impact on the quality of life of patients with AF is recognized, few health care services systematically assess that impact to follow those patients up.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Assessing the quality of life by using specific scientifically validated instruments can contribute to objectively characterize the phenomenon.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> To introduce that type of approach in the medical practice and that of all other health care professionals, simplified questionnaires suitable for the major clinical manifestations, in addition to the patients' emotional responses to the disease process, should be developed. That assessment implies the contemplation of the major dimensions of life, comprising physical, social and emotional domains.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> From that perspective, the assessment with a specific instrument might even aid with decision making regarding therapy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In Brazil, a quality of life questionnaire for AF patients (AFQLQ version 1 - AFQLQ v.1) was developed and validated, aiming at assessing the major clinical manifestations and treatments in the Brazilian population with AF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> After critical review, we proposed an update of that questionnaire by including the new domains of fatigue, illness perception and well-being.</p>
      <p>This study analyzes the consistency and reproducibility of the AFQLQ v.1 after including those new domains (AFQLQ version 2 - AFQLQ v.2).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>This is a longitudinal study carried out in the Anticoagulation Outpatient Clinic for AF Patients, in the UNIFESP university-affiliated hospital.</p>
      <p>This study sample consisted of 40 patients, older than 18 years, with persistent or permanent AF of any etiology, referred for anticoagulation control (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Description of patients according to the atrial fibrillation (AF) type, time since diagnosis, CHADS score, interventions performed and knowledge of the arrhythmia. S&#227;o Paulo, 2013</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>n</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>%</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Type of AF</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Persistent</td>
              <td align="center">19</td>
              <td align="center">47.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Permanent</td>
              <td align="center">21</td>
              <td align="center">52.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Time since diagnosis</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">up to 1 year</td>
              <td align="center">14</td>
              <td align="center">35</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">1 - 5 years</td>
              <td align="center">16</td>
              <td align="center">40</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">6 - 10 years</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
              <td align="center">12.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">11 or more years</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
              <td align="center">12.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">CHADS<sub>2</sub></td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">1</td>
              <td align="center">30</td>
              <td align="center">75</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2</td>
              <td align="center">9</td>
              <td align="center">22.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">3</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">2.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">EF<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&gt; 50%</td>
              <td align="center">22</td>
              <td align="center">55</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&lt; 50%</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
              <td align="center">12.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Left atrial size<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Mean &#177; SD</td>
              <td align="center">41.4 &#177;1.2</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Electrical cardioversion</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">21</td>
              <td align="center">52.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">19</td>
              <td align="center">47.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ablation</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">4<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">**</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">10</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">36</td>
              <td align="center">90</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Knowledge of the arrhythmia</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">15</td>
              <td align="center">37.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">25</td>
              <td align="center">62.5</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>EF: ejection fraction.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Echocardiographic values not calculated for 13 patients (32.5%).</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>**</label>
            <p>Patients underwent electrical cardioversion and ablation</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The following data were obtained from the patients' responses to the questionnaire and from the information originating from the medical records: time elapsed since the diagnosis of AF; CHADS<sub>2</sub> and CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-vasc scores; use of devices; echocardiographic data (ejection fraction and left atrial area); AF classification (permanent or persistent); medications used; and patients' knowledge of the name of the arrhythmia. Quality of life was measured by using the questionnaires SF-36 (<italic>Medical Outcome Study Short-Form Health Survey</italic>), AFQLQ v.1 and AFQLQ v.2. All information was collected at the first visit (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>The SF-36 is a generic questionnaire. Translated and validated in Brazil by Ciconelli et al. in 1999, it is composed of 36 questions, gathered in 8 domains that reflect social and physical and mental health aspects. Each domain's score ranges from 0 to 100 points, and the higher the score, the better the quality of life.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The AFQLQ v.1 was developed by Bragan&#231;a et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> in 2010, and comprised 22 questions and 82 items in 7 domains. It was aimed at assessing the major clinical manifestations and treatments in a simplified way. The total score varies from 0 to 100 points, and the lower the score, the better the quality of life.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The critical analysis of the use of the AFQLQ in the UNIFESP Outpatient Clinic of Arrhythmias identified the need for the implementation of new domains, as well as the withdrawal of the domain 'therapy', which had always been the reason for critics and controversies in assessing the result.</p>
      <p>Therefore, in the AFQLQ v.2, the 7 domains were maintained, the questions passing from 22 to 30, and the items, from 82 to 134. The total score varies from 0 to 140 points, and the lower the score, the better the quality of life. The transition questions with 'yes' or 'no' response were neither enumerated nor scored. All domains have the same score value, 20 points, were sequentially enumerated from I to VII, in Roman numerals, and comprised the major clinical AF manifestations described in the AFQLQ v.1 (palpitation, dyspnea, chest pain and dizziness) added by fatigue, well-being and illness perception.</p>
      <p>To estimate reproducibility or reliability, test-retest and internal consistency methods were used as follows:</p>
      <list list-type="simple">
        <list-item>
          <p>-Intraobserver reproducibility: Observer 1 applied 21 AFQLQ v.2 and SF-36 to patients followed up in the Anticoagulation Outpatient Clinic for AF Patients. After 15 days, the same observer reapplied those questionnaires to the same patients.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>-Interobserver reproducibility: Observer 1 applied 19 AFQLQ v.2 and SF-36 to patients followed up in the Anticoagulation Outpatient Clinic for AF Patients. After 15 days, observer 2 reapplied those questionnaires to those same patients.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>This study was approved by the UNIFESP Ethics Committee (n.0852/10), and all participants provided written informed consent according to the 466/12 National Board of Health Resolution.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>The scores of the SF-36 and AFQLQ v.2 domains, the AFQLQ v.2 total score and the clinical variables were grouped in a data bank of the SPSS (Statistical Packcage Social Science) software, version 19. Initially the descriptive statistics of the patients' demographic and clinical conditions was performed, and the distribution of the absolute and relative frequencies of the categorical variables was obtained. The continuous variables were presented as mean &#177; standard deviation.</p>
        <p><bold>Test-retest.</bold> The stability of the attribute 'quality of life' in the 15-day interval was tested by comparing the means obtained in the initial assessment and in the second assessment by using paired <italic>t</italic> test and Spearman correlation. To assess the reliability of the new version of the AFQLQ, Bartko intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used in the total sample of patients between the different observers. A measuring instrument is considered to have good reliability for ICC values higher than 0.80. The paired <italic>t</italic> test assesses the mean scores obtained in two applications. A statistically significant difference indicates low reliability of the instrument.</p>
        <p><bold>Internal consistency.</bold> Internal consistency was determined by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The following were estimated: item-total correlation; total alpha value; and alpha value of each item. Scores greater than 0.8 are desirable, and greater than 0.90, excellent.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				</p>
        <p>To reject the null hypothesis, the significance level of p &lt; 0.05 (5%) was adopted. The 95% confidence intervals were calculated.</p>
        <p>Similarly to the previous version, we assumed that the quality of life of the patients studied has a parametric distribution, thus the normality test was not used.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>Of the patients assessed, 26 (65%) were of the male sex, and the patients' age varied from 43 to 86 years (mean of 61.2 &#177; 9.6 years).</p>
      <p>Regarding the characteristics of AF, 47.5% of the patients had persistent AF, and 52.5%, permanent AF. Regarding the time elapsed since diagnosis, 35% had the disease for up to one year, 40% had it from one to five years, and 25%, for more than five years. Regarding risk classification, most patients were CHADS1 and 2 (67.5% and 22.5%, respectively). The mean left atrial size was 41.4 &#177; 1.2 mm. Regarding therapy, 52.5% had already undergone electrical cardioversion, and 10% had undergone catheter ablation. When asked about knowledge of the disease, 25% reported none (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>The new version of the AFQLQ maintained the same structure and metric of the original (appendix). Similar to the original, the AFQLQ v.2 remained easy to apply and to understand. This information originated from the assessment of the focal group during the development of version 2.</p>
      <p>The AFQLQ v.2 score system remained objective, simple and fast. An individualized score for each domain was maintained, as was a total/global value for the addition of the values found in each domain.</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> shows the reproducibility assessment of AFQLQ v.2, correlating the scores of the initial application with those of the test-retest after 15 days. Inter- and intraobserver reproducibilities can be demonstrated by using accurate coefficients (&#8805; 0.90) in the analysis of the total score of AFQLQ v.2. The Bartko ICC was greater than 0.95 for the total score of AFQLQ v.2, implying high accuracy. The ICC of the domains 'fatigue', 'well-being' and 'illness perception' had values greater than 0.85 for the reproducibility analysis.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Reproducibility of AFQLQ v.2 according to intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the scores of the initial test and of the retest after 15 days. S&#227;o Paulo, 2013</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">
							</th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>ICC (Bartko)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
							</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Test-retest ( n=40)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Intraobserver ( n=21)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Interobserver (n=19)</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total score</td>
              <td align="center">0.98</td>
              <td align="center">0.98</td>
              <td align="center">0.97</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Palpitation</td>
              <td align="center">0.84</td>
              <td align="center">0.94</td>
              <td align="center">0.71</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dyspnea</td>
              <td align="center">0.82</td>
              <td align="center">0.95</td>
              <td align="center">0.75</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Chest pain</td>
              <td align="center">0.81</td>
              <td align="center">1.00</td>
              <td align="center">0.72</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dizziness</td>
              <td align="center">0.56</td>
              <td align="center">0.69</td>
              <td align="center">0.48</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Fatigue</td>
              <td align="center">0.92</td>
              <td align="center">0.89</td>
              <td align="center">0.94</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Well-being</td>
              <td align="center">0.87</td>
              <td align="center">0.90</td>
              <td align="center">0.85</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Illness perception</td>
              <td align="center">0.88</td>
              <td align="center">0.87</td>
              <td align="center">0.89</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Similarly to the original version, which showed excellent internal consistency for reproducibility,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> the internal consistency of the new version also showed highly reliable results of agreement: Cronbach's alpha &gt; 0.82. The item-by-item assessment showed correlation greater than 0.75 between the total result of the test and the domain 'well-being' (Cronbach's alpha = 0.76). Similar results were found for the domains 'fatigue' and 'illness perception', with Cronbach's alphas of 0.78 and 0.79, respectively (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Item-total correlation coefficient, total alpha value of the 7 domains of AFQLQ v.2, and alpha values of each item. S&#227;o Paulo, 2013</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="left" style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
                <bold>Item-total correlation coefficient</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="left" style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
                <bold>Cronbach's alpha, if item excluded</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">AFQLQ v.2 - Total</th>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="left">0.82</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Palpitation</td>
              <td align="left">0.54</td>
              <td align="left">0.80</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dyspnea</td>
              <td align="left">0.47</td>
              <td align="left">0.81</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Chest pain</td>
              <td align="left">0.47</td>
              <td align="left">0.81</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dizziness</td>
              <td align="left">0.44</td>
              <td align="left">0.82</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Fatigue</td>
              <td align="left">0.68</td>
              <td align="left">0.78</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Well-being</td>
              <td align="left">0.76</td>
              <td align="left">0.76</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Illness perception</td>
              <td align="left">0.61</td>
              <td align="left">0.79</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The construction of an instrument to assess quality of life and its validation require several steps, reproducibility or reliability being one of the most important ones in psychometric assessment, fundamental to the construction of that type of instrument.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> For a questionnaire to be valid, it does not suffice to measure what it is intended to. It has to reproduce the same findings when used in other scenarios and by other observers. That result is determined by the reproducibility or reliability analysis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Quality of life is a multifactorial construct, thus, measuring it by use of generic instruments reduces its assessment power. The generic instruments for assessing quality of life establish several health conditions and reflect different areas of people's life. However, it falls short when the intention is to measure the real impact on the quality of life, because the particularities of certain clinical situations cannot always be assessed or are underestimated.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The development of specific questionnaires for several disease manifestations, thus, has been widespread, especially in the cardiovascular area.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
			</p>
      <p>One question is pertinent: Does the use of international instruments adapted to our language empower us, or should we use validated national instruments that contemplate our population's characteristics? What is easier and real?</p>
      <p>AF is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia in Brazil. It has an adverse prognosis, because it increases the risk for stroke, and, consequently, mortality. AF is not restricted to an electrocardiographic change; it also involves other physical and psychic manifestations, which affect the quality of life, in some or all of its dimensions. Therefore, the need to measure the impact of AF on quality of life is unquestionable.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Measuring all aspects involved with the quality of life of individuals with AF remains a great challenge, because the symptoms of that arrhythmia can prevent patients from maintaining their daily and/or social activities, contributing to the deterioration of their emotional health. This explains the existence of several questionnaires for AF in other idioms, but they measure mainly the clinical manifestations, jeopardizing the global assessment of quality of life.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
			</p>
      <p>With that in mind, improving the original version of the questionnaire (AFQLQ v.1) by adding new domains, which are less common to the clinical practice, allows the questionnaire to meet the objective of quality of life assessment in its many dimensions in the Brazilian population.</p>
      <p>The new version of AFQLQ perfected the previous one, confirming its specificity for patients with AF and more reliably reflecting their reality. Excluding the domain 'therapy', which contemplated interventions with drugs, cardioversion and ablation, and including manifestations, such as fatigue, illness perception and well-being, allowed the questionnaire to assess individuals without the potentially confounding factors in assessing the impact of AF <italic>per se</italic>. This does not exclude the possibility of using the questionnaire to analyze the treatments for AF and their responses concerning quality of life.</p>
      <p>The inclusion of the domain 'fatigue', although a subjective symptom of no metric confirmation, is crucial, because it appears as the third most frequently found symptom in patients with AF, significantly influencing their functional capacity and physical activity limitation. However, that domain is sometimes assessed as a manifestation related to intolerance to exercise/exertion, which is not true.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Similarly, including subjective components, such as well-being and illness perception, in addition to enabling the assessment with clear questions, provided support to assess the individual in other dimensions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A recent systematic review has shown the concern of health care professionals with the relationship between the emotional and physical aspects of patients with AF. That review, comprising 34 studies specifically assessing anxiety and depression, has concluded that there is a complex relationship between the symptoms of depression and anxiety and the clinical manifestations of AF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Regarding illness perception, patients and physicians differ about the threat AF represents to health, as well as morbidity and mortality. Physicians tend both to underestimate the understanding of patients about the benefit derived from treatment, and to overestimate their knowledge of the complications.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In accordance with the literature, the new version provides quality of life assessment, domain-by-domain, both separately and globally: Are there symptoms? If the response is positive, which are they? Can well-being or illness perception influence quality of life? Which set of domains has the greater influence?<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A specific and simplified questionnaire, such as AFQLQ v.2, enables assessing whether physical symptoms affect well-being and/or emotional health and vice-versa. Not assessing all the quality of life dimensions of individuals with AF can lead us to the reductionist management of considering only heart rate or rhythm control in those patients. We believe that hinders a more holistic approach to the disease.</p>
      <p>The possibility of incorporating the questionnaire into the routine visit to any health care professional, because of its rapid application, makes it a practical tool in the assessment of patients with AF.</p>
      <p>It is worth noting that the use of a simple and direct language allows the AFQLQ v.2 to be applied to patients of any educational level. The easily applicable score system provides results on the quality of life rapidly and of easy interpretation.</p>
      <p>The strict analysis of the psychometric properties of this new version of the AFQLQ, with statistically significant reproducibility as compared to that of the gold-standard, the SF-36, ensures the suitability of the AFQLQ v.2 to be used in assessing the quality of life of patients with AF.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>The new version of the AFQLQ proposed in the present study (AFQLQ v.2) showed not only improvement of the original version, but maintained high reproducibility. These characteristics are essential to the clinical applicability of that instrument.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Study limitations</title>
        <p>The validation of this new version of the AFQLQ did not classify the participants into their socioeconomic levels. This new version of the AFQLQ requires further follow-up studies in the outpatient clinic to confirm its sensitivity to detect oscillations in the patients' quality of life paralleling their clinical improvement or worsening.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was funded by Capes.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of Doctoral submitted by Rita Simone Lopes Moreira, from UNIFESP.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <app-group>
      <app id="app1">
        <label>Appendix</label>
        <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Qualidade de Vida em Pacientes com Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial vers&#227;o 2</title>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <table frame="box" rules="all">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2">Identification</td>
                <td align="left">Date:</td>
                <td align="left">N:</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Name:</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ID:</td>
                <td align="left">Sex:</td>
                <td align="left">Birth date:</td>
                <td align="left">Age</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Natural:</td>
                <td align="left">Proced:</td>
                <td align="left" colspan="2">Profession:</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2">Marital status:</td>
                <td align="left" colspan="2">Lives with:</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">N&#237;vel de escolaridade:</td>
                <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">( ) Illiterate</td>
                <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">( ) Incomplete elementary</td>
                <td align="left">( ) Complete elementary</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top-style:hidden">
                <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">
								</td>
                <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">( ) Incomplete middle</td>
                <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">( ) Complete middle</td>
                <td align="left">( ) Incomplete college</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top-style:hidden">
                <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">
								</td>
                <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">( ) Complete college</td>
                <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">
								</td>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Knowledge of the name of the arrhythmia? ( ) yes ( ) no</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <sec>
          <title>Questionnaire</title>
          <p>
            <bold>1. Palpitation</bold>
          </p>
          <list list-type="order">
            <list-item>
              <p>Do you have palpitation?</p>
              <p>( ) Yes ( ) No</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>Palpitation occurs:</p>
                  <p>&#10003; Daily .............................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Weekly ..........................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Fortnightly .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Monthly ........................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; &gt; 30 days .....................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Palpitation appears:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; At rest ...........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; With emotional stress ....................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; With common activities (at work or at home) ................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>How long does palpitation last?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; &lt; 1 minute ...................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Minutes .........................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Hours ............................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Continuously (direct) .....................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>When has the last palpitation begun?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; &lt; 48 hours ...................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; &gt; 48 hours - 1 week .....................................................................................................................................................k</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; &gt; 1 week - 1 month .....................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; &gt; 1 month - 6 months ..................................................................................................................................................l</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; &gt; 6 months - 1 year ......................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; &gt; 1 year .......................................................................................................................................................................m</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>How does palpitation hinder your daily routine?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
              <p>
                <bold>II. Dyspnea</bold>
              </p>
              <p>Do you have <italic>shortness or breathlessness</italic>?</p>
              <p>( ) Yes ( ) No</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p><italic>Shortness of breath</italic> occurs:</p>
              <p>&#10003; At rest ..........................................................................................................................................................................f</p>
              <p>&#10003; On effort:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>- minimum ................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>- medium ..................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>- large ........................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>It is accompanied by:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Palpitation .....................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Cough ...........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Dizziness .......................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Others ...........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; No symptom .................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>How does <italic>shortness of breath</italic> hinder your daily routine?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................h</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................f</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  <p>
                    <bold>III. Chest pain</bold>
                  </p>
                  <p>Do you have chest pain?</p>
                  <p>( ) Yes ( ) No</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Has it begun at the time of palpitation?</p>
              <p>( ) Yes ( ) No</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Chest pain appears:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; At rest ...........................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; With emotional stress ....................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; With common activities (at work or at home) ................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Other ............................................................................................................................................................................ a</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Chest pain is accompanied by:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; No symptom .................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Sweating .......................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nausea and/or vomiting ................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Radiation ......................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Other ............................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>How does chest pain hinder your daily routine?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................g</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>
                    <bold>IV. Dizziness</bold>
                  </p>
                  <p>Do you have dizziness?</p>
                  <p>( ) Yes ( ) No</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>How is your dizziness?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Transient sensation of unbalance ...................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Rotational movement: you or the environment ..............................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Fainting sensation ..........................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Fainting .........................................................................................................................................................................f</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Dizziness is accompanied by:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Palpitation .....................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Blurred vision ................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Anxiety .........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Weakness ......................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Others ...........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; No symptom .................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>How does dizziness hinder your daily routine?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................g</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>
                    <bold>V. Fatigue</bold>
                  </p>
                  <p>Do you have fatigue (tiredness, weakness, lack of energy)?</p>
                  <p>( ) Yes ( ) No</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>Do you believe your fatigue relates to your arrhythmia?</p>
                  <p>( ) Yes ( ) No</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Fatigue occurs:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Daily .............................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Weekly ..........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Continuously .................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Sporadically ..................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>You consider your fatigue:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Mild ..............................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Moderate ......................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Severe ...........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
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            <list-item>
              <p>Fatigue is accompanied by:</p>
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                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; No symptom .................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Shortness of breath ........................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Palpitation .....................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Others ...........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; More than one symptom ...............................................................................................................................................e</p>
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            <list-item>
              <p>Your fatigue relates to:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing .........................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Daily activity .................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Emotional status ............................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>How does fatigue hinder your daily routine?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>
                    <bold>VI. Well-being</bold>
                  </p>
                  <p>You feel that the arrhythmia CURRENTLY affects:</p>
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            <list-item>
              <p>Your joy:</p>
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                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Your sadness:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Your anxiety, irritation, nervousness:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Your optimism:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Your pessimism:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>
                    <bold>VII. Illness perception - arrhythmia:</bold>
                  </p>
                  <p>Do you believe you will be cured?</p>
                  <p>( ) Yes ( ) No</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>How long do you think your arrhythmia will last?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Short time .....................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Long time ......................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Forever ..........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>How does taking the medication hinder your daily routine?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>How much concerned are you with your arrhythmia?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>To what extent does your arrhythmia affect you emotionally?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Extremely ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Somewhat .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Slightly ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Nothing at all ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Do you relate this arrhythmia to your death/end of life?</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Several times .................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Sometimes ....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Rarely ...........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>&#10003; Never ............................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
          </list>
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                <col width="25%"/>
                <col width="25%"/>
                <col width="25%"/>
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              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>A</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>1.0</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>H</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>8.0</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>B</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>2.0</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>I</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>9.0</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>C</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>3.0</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>J</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>10.0</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>D</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>4.0</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>K</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>2.5</bold>
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                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>E</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>5.0</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>L</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>1.5</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>F</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>6.0</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>M</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.5</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>G</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>7.0</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Z</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
      </app>
    </app-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
          <subj-group>
            <subject>Arritmia Cl&#237;nica</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reprodutibilidade e Confiabilidade do Question&#225;rio de Qualidade de Vida em Portadores de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Rita Simone Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bassolli</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Coutinho</surname>
            <given-names>Enia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferrer</surname>
            <given-names>Paloma</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bragan&#231;a</surname>
            <given-names>&#201;rika Olivier</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Carlos Camargo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Paola</surname>
            <given-names>Angelo Amato de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Luna</surname>
            <given-names>Br&#225;ulio</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Rita Simone Lopes Moreira</bold>, Hospital S&#227;o Paulo - Hospital Universit&#225;rio da UNIFESP. Rua dos Otonis, 880, ap 11, V. Clementino. CEP 04025-002, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>molosiri@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Moreira RS, Coutinho E, Bragan&#231;a EO, Luna Filho B; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Moreira RS, Coutinho E, Ferrer P; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Moreira RS, Bassolli L, Luna Filho B; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Moreira RS, Luna Filho B; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Moreira RS, Bassolli L Bragan&#231;a EO, Carvalho ACC, Paola AA, Luna Filho B</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Estudos demonstraram o impacto da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Question&#225;rios espec&#237;ficos permitem avaliar manifesta&#231;&#245;es pertinentes. Desenvolvemos anteriormente question&#225;rio de qualidade de vida para FA (QVFA vers&#227;o 1) e, neste estudo, apresentamos rean&#225;lise e adi&#231;&#245;es de novos dom&#237;nios.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Demonstrar a reprodutibilidade do QVFA na vers&#227;o 2 (QVFA v.2) com a inclus&#227;o dos dom&#237;nios fadiga, percep&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a e bem-estar.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Foram aplicados 160 question&#225;rios (QVFA v.2 e SF-36) em 40 pacientes com intervalos de 15 dias para mensura&#231;&#227;o da reprodutibilidade inter- e intra-observador. A an&#225;lise de estabilidade da qualidade de vida foi determinada pelo teste-reteste, aplicando o coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse (CCI) de Bartko. A consist&#234;ncia interna foi avaliada pelo teste alfa de Cronbach.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>O escore total do teste-reteste (n=40) apresentou CCI de 0,98 no QVFA v.2 e de 0,94 no SF36. Na avalia&#231;&#227;o intra-observador e inter-observador do QVFA v.2, a confiabilidade do CCI foi de 0,98 e 0,97, respectivamente. Para a an&#225;lise da consist&#234;ncia interna, obteve-se um coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,82, compat&#237;vel com boa concord&#226;ncia do QFVA v.2.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>O QVFA v.2 apresentou melhor desempenho em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; vers&#227;o anterior. No mesmo sentido, os dom&#237;nios acrescentados contribu&#237;ram para torn&#225;-lo mais abrangente e robusto para avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com FA.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial/psicologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Qualidade de Vida</kwd>
        <kwd>Question&#225;rios</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) &#233; a arritmia sustentada mais comum entre os humanos. Est&#225; associada com substancial aumento da morbidade e da mortalidade dos portadores. Sua preval&#234;ncia aumenta com a idade, sendo que 70% da popula&#231;&#227;o com FA se encontra na faixa et&#225;ria entre 65 e 85 anos. Essa entidade se manifesta mais comumente em homens do que em mulheres, por&#233;m, ap&#243;s os 75 anos, as mulheres constituem 70% da popula&#231;&#227;o afetada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>No Brasil, estima-se que 1,5 milh&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos sejam portadores desta arritmia e 33% das interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares ocorram pela FA. Nos Estados Unidos, a FA persistente e parox&#237;stica est&#225; presente em aproximadamente 2-3 milh&#245;es de americanos. Na Europa, detecta-se em 4,5 milh&#245;es de pessoas e projeta-se que em 2050 alcance 5,6 milh&#245;es de pessoas, com 50% de indiv&#237;duos com idades superiores a 80 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
				</p>
        <p>V&#225;rias situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas aumentam o risco do surgimento da FA, tais como hipertens&#227;o, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, doen&#231;as reum&#225;ticas e n&#227;o reum&#225;ticas das valvas, diabetes mellitus e hipertireoidismo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nos pacientes que apresentam FA e se mostram sintom&#225;ticos, as manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas mais comuns s&#227;o palpita&#231;&#245;es, tontura, dispneia, dor no peito e redu&#231;&#227;o na toler&#226;ncia &#224; atividade f&#237;sica. Sintomas como fadiga, ansiedade e depress&#227;o, que se constituem como menos espec&#237;ficos, tamb&#233;m s&#227;o relatados. Dessa forma, as manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas apresentadas pelos portadores de FA, sejam f&#237;sicas ou emocionais, impactam substancialmente na qualidade de vida deles.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Apesar de ser reconhecido o impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes com FA, poucos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de utilizam de maneira sistem&#225;tica esse tipo de avalia&#231;&#227;o no seguimento dos pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Avaliar a qualidade de vida por meio de instrumentos espec&#237;ficos, validados cientificamente, pode contribuir na caracteriza&#231;&#227;o objetiva desse fen&#244;meno.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> Para que esse tipo de abordagem seja introduzida na pr&#225;tica m&#233;dica e na pr&#225;tica de todos os profissionais de sa&#250;de envolvidos no cuidado, faz-se necess&#225;rio o desenvolvimento de question&#225;rios simplificados e adequados &#224;s principais manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e respostas emocionais dos pacientes frente ao processo da doen&#231;a. A obten&#231;&#227;o dessa avalia&#231;&#227;o implica em contemplar as principais dimens&#245;es da vida dos indiv&#237;duos, discriminadas quanto ao dom&#237;nio f&#237;sico, social e emocional.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Nessa perspectiva, entende-se que essa avalia&#231;&#227;o com instrumento espec&#237;fico pode inclusive auxiliar nas decis&#245;es terap&#234;uticas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nesta l&#243;gica, no Brasil, o Question&#225;rio de Qualidade de Vida para Pacientes com FA (QVFA vers&#227;o 1 - QVFA v.1) foi desenvolvido e validado por um grupo brasileiro, tendo como finalidade avaliar as principais manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e tratamentos da nossa popula&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Ap&#243;s revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica, propomos uma atualiza&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio com a inclus&#227;o de novos dom&#237;nios: fadiga, percep&#231;&#227;o sobre a doen&#231;a e bem-estar. Neste estudo analisamos a consist&#234;ncia e reprodutibilidade do QVFA ap&#243;s a inser&#231;&#227;o desses novos dom&#237;nios (QVFA vers&#227;o 2 - QVFA v.2).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>Trata-se de estudo longitudinal realizado no Ambulat&#243;rio de Anticoagula&#231;&#227;o de Pacientes com FA, no Hospital Universit&#225;rio da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (UNIFESP).</p>
        <p>A popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo foi composta por uma amostra de 40 pacientes portadores de FA de qualquer etiologia e classificada como persistente ou permanente, com idade superior a 18 anos e encaminhados para controle da anticoagula&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Descri&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes segundo o tipo de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA), tempo de diagn&#243;stico, escore CHADS, realiza&#231;&#227;o de interven&#231;&#245;es e conhecimento da arritmia. S&#227;o Paulo, 2013</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>n</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>%</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tipo de FA</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Persistente</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">47,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Permanente</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">52,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo de diagn&#243;stico</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">at&#233; 1 ano</td>
                <td align="center">14</td>
                <td align="center">35</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">1 - 5 anos</td>
                <td align="center">16</td>
                <td align="center">40</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">6 - 10 anos</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">12,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">11 ou mais anos</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">12,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CHADS<sub>2</sub></td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">1</td>
                <td align="center">30</td>
                <td align="center">75</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">2</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
                <td align="center">22,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">3</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">2,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">FE<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; 50%</td>
                <td align="center">22</td>
                <td align="center">55</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&lt; 50%</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">12,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tamanho do &#225;trio esquerdo<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">M&#233;dia &#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">41,4 &#177;1,2</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Cardiovers&#227;o el&#233;trica</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">52,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">47,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Abla&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">4<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">**</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">36</td>
                <td align="center">90</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Declara conhecer a arritmia</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">15</td>
                <td align="center">37,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">25</td>
                <td align="center">62,5</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>FE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Valores do ecocardiograma n&#227;o calculados em 13 pacientes (32,5%).</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <label>**</label>
              <p>Pacientes foram submetidos a procedimento de cardiovers&#227;o el&#233;trica e abla&#231;&#227;o.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Os seguintes dados coletados foram obtidos por meio das respostas dos pacientes e das informa&#231;&#245;es provenientes do prontu&#225;rio: tempo de FA; CHADS<sub>2</sub> e CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc; uso de dispositivos; dados do ecocardiograma (fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o e &#225;rea do &#225;trio esquerdo); classifica&#231;&#227;o da FA (permanente ou persistente); medicamentos em uso; e conhecimento sobre o nome da arritmia. A qualidade de vida foi mensurada por meio dos question&#225;rios SF-36 (<italic>Medical Outcome Study Short-Form Health Survey</italic>), QVFA v.1 e QVFA v.2. Todas essas informa&#231;&#245;es foram coletadas na primeira consulta (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>O SF-36 &#233; um question&#225;rio gen&#233;rico. Traduzido e validado no Brasil por Ciconelli et al. em 1999, &#233; composto por 36 quest&#245;es, agrupadas em oito dom&#237;nios que refletem aspectos sociais e de sa&#250;de f&#237;sica e mental. A pontua&#231;&#227;o de cada dom&#237;nio varia de 0 a 100 pontos, sendo que, quanto maior a pontua&#231;&#227;o, melhor a qualidade de vida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O QVFA foi desenvolvido por Bragan&#231;a et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> em 2010, sendo composto de 22 quest&#245;es e 82 itens em sete dom&#237;nios, tendo por finalidade avaliar as principais manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e os tratamentos de forma simplificada. A pontua&#231;&#227;o total varia de 0 a 100 pontos, sendo que, quanto menor a pontua&#231;&#227;o, melhor a qualidade de vida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Ap&#243;s a an&#225;lise cr&#237;tica do emprego do QVFA no Ambulat&#243;rio de Arritmia da UNIFESP, verificou-se a necessidade de implementa&#231;&#227;o de novos dom&#237;nios, bem como a retirada do dom&#237;nio relacionado &#224; terap&#234;utica, que foi sempre motivo de cr&#237;ticas e controv&#233;rsias na avalia&#231;&#227;o do resultado.</p>
        <p>Por conseguinte, no QVFA v.2, mantiveram-se sete dom&#237;nios, indo as quest&#245;es de 22 para 30, e os itens, de 82 para 134. A pontua&#231;&#227;o total varia de 0 a 140 pontos, quanto maior o escore, pior a qualidade de vida. As quest&#245;es com resposta 'sim' ou 'n&#227;o' de transi&#231;&#227;o para as quest&#245;es do dom&#237;nio n&#227;o foram numeradas e nem pontuadas. Todos os dom&#237;nios t&#234;m o mesmo valor de pontua&#231;&#227;o, 20 pontos, e foram numerados sequencialmente de I a VII, em algarismos romanos, e compostos pelas principais manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas da FA descritas no QVFA v.1 (palpita&#231;&#227;o, dispneia, precordialgia e tontura) acrescidas de fadiga, bem-estar e percep&#231;&#227;o sobre a doen&#231;a.</p>
        <p>Para estimar a reprodutibilidade ou confiabilidade, utilizamos o m&#233;todo Teste e Reteste e de Consist&#234;ncia Interna, com o seguinte desenho:</p>
        <list list-type="simple">
          <list-item>
            <p>- Reprodutibilidade intraobservador: O observador 1 aplicou 21 question&#225;rios QFVA v.2 e SF-36 nos pacientes em acompanhamento no ambulat&#243;rio de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o. Ap&#243;s 15 dias, o mesmo observador reaplicou os respectivos question&#225;rios nos mesmos pacientes.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>- Reprodutibilidade interobservador: O observador 1 aplicou 19 question&#225;rios QFVA v.2 e SF-36 nos pacientes em acompanhamento no ambulat&#243;rio de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o. Ap&#243;s 15 dias, o observador 2 aplicou os respectivos question&#225;rios nos mesmos pacientes do observador 1.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>A pesquisa teve aprova&#231;&#227;o do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da UNIFESP (n.0852/10) e todos os participantes assinaram termo de consentimento conforme a Resolu&#231;&#227;o do Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de 466/12.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Os resultados da pontua&#231;&#227;o dos dom&#237;nios do SF-36 e do QVFA v.2, a pontua&#231;&#227;o total do QVFA v.2 e as vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas foram agrupados em banco de dados do programa SPSS (Statistical Packcage Social Science) v.19. Inicialmente realizou-se a estat&#237;stica descritiva das condi&#231;&#245;es demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas dos pacientes, obtendo-se a distribui&#231;&#227;o das frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas das vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram apresentadas como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio-padr&#227;o.</p>
          <p><bold>Teste e reteste.</bold> A estabilidade do atributo 'qualidade de vida' no intervalo de 15 dias foi testada pela compara&#231;&#227;o das m&#233;dias obtidas na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial e no segundo momento de avalia&#231;&#227;o, utilizando o teste <italic>t</italic> pareado e correla&#231;&#227;o de Spearman. Para verifica&#231;&#227;o de confiabilidade da nova vers&#227;o do QVFA, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse (CCI) de Bartko na amostra total de pacientes entre os diferentes observadores. Um instrumento de mensura&#231;&#227;o &#233; considerado de boa confiabilidade quando o CCI alcan&#231;a valores maiores que 0,80. A aplica&#231;&#227;o do teste <italic>t</italic> pareado busca analisar as m&#233;dias dos escores obtidos entre duas das aplica&#231;&#245;es. Uma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa traduz baixa confiabilidade do instrumento.</p>
          <p><bold>Consist&#234;ncia interna.</bold> A an&#225;lise da consist&#234;ncia interna foi determinada pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Dessa forma, estimaram-se a correla&#231;&#227;o item total, o valor de alfa total e o valor de alfa segundo cada item. Pontua&#231;&#245;es acima de 0,8 s&#227;o desej&#225;veis e acima de 0,90, excelentes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Para rejei&#231;&#227;o da hip&#243;tese de nulidade, utilizamos a probabilidade de signific&#226;ncia p &lt; 0,05 (5%). Os intervalos de confian&#231;a foram calculados com a probabilidade de 95%.</p>
          <p>Assim como na vers&#227;o anterior, assumimos que a qualidade de vida dos pacientes estudados tem uma distribui&#231;&#227;o param&#233;trica, por isso n&#227;o foi utilizado o teste de normalidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Dos pacientes analisados, 26 (65%) eram do sexo masculino, tendo a idade variado de 43 a 86 anos (m&#233;dia de 61,2 &#177; 9,6 anos).</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas da doen&#231;a dessa amostra, 47,5% dos pacientes apresentavam FA persistente e 52,5%, FA permanente. No que se refere ao tempo de diagn&#243;stico, 35% tinham a doen&#231;a h&#225; at&#233; um ano, enquanto 40%, entre um e cinco anos, e 25% apresentavam a doen&#231;a h&#225; mais de cinco anos. No que tange &#224; classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco, a maioria apresentava CHADS1 e 2 (67,5% e 22,5%, respectivamente). O tamanho m&#233;dio do &#225;trio esquerdo foi de 41,4 &#177; 1,2 mm. Quanto &#224; terap&#234;utica, 52,5% j&#225; tinham realizado cardiovers&#227;o el&#233;trica e 10% tinham se submetido &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter. Arguidos sobre o conhecimento da doen&#231;a, 25% declararam n&#227;o ter conhecimento (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>A nova vers&#227;o do QVFA manteve a mesma estrutura e m&#233;trica da vers&#227;o original (ap&#234;ndice). De maneira similar &#224; vers&#227;o original, o QVFA v.2 manteve-se de f&#225;cil aplica&#231;&#227;o e compreens&#227;o. Essa informa&#231;&#227;o adveio da avalia&#231;&#227;o do grupo focal durante o desenvolvimento da vers&#227;o 2.</p>
        <p>O sistema de pontua&#231;&#227;o do QVFA v.2 manteve-se objetivo, simples e r&#225;pido. Permaneceu a pontua&#231;&#227;o individualizada para cada dom&#237;nio e tamb&#233;m um valor total/global pela soma dos valores encontrados em cada dom&#237;nio.</p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 2</xref> apresenta os valores referentes &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o da reprodutibilidade do QVFA v.2 entre os escores da aplica&#231;&#227;o inicial do teste e do reteste ap&#243;s 15 dias. As reprodutibilidades inter- e intraobservador podem ser demonstradas pela obten&#231;&#227;o de coeficientes precisos (&#8805; 0,90) na an&#225;lise da pontua&#231;&#227;o total do QVFA v.2. O CCI de Bartko foi superior a 0,95 para o escore total do QVFA v.2, implicando alta precis&#227;o. Os CCI dos dom&#237;nios 'fadiga', 'bem-estar' e 'percep&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a' apresentaram valores superiores a 0,85 para as an&#225;lises de reprodutibilidade.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Reprodutibilidade do QVFA v.2 segundo o coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse (CCI) entre os escores da aplica&#231;&#227;o inicial do teste e do reteste ap&#243;s 15 dias. S&#227;o Paulo, 2013</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">
								</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>CCI (Bartko)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
								</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Teste-reteste ( n=40)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Intraobservador ( n=21)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Interobservador (n=19)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Escore total</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">0,98</td>
                <td align="center">0,98</td>
                <td align="center">0,97</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Palpita&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">0,84</td>
                <td align="center">0,94</td>
                <td align="center">0,71</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dispneia</td>
                <td align="center">0,82</td>
                <td align="center">0,95</td>
                <td align="center">0,75</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Precordialgia</td>
                <td align="center">0,81</td>
                <td align="center">1,00</td>
                <td align="center">0,72</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tontura</td>
                <td align="center">0,56</td>
                <td align="center">0,69</td>
                <td align="center">0,48</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fadiga</td>
                <td align="center">0,92</td>
                <td align="center">0,89</td>
                <td align="center">0,94</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Bem-estar</td>
                <td align="center">0,87</td>
                <td align="center">0,90</td>
                <td align="center">0,85</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Percep&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a</td>
                <td align="center">0,88</td>
                <td align="center">0,87</td>
                <td align="center">0,89</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Assim como na vers&#227;o original, que exibiu an&#225;lise da consist&#234;ncia interna excelente para a reprodutibilidade,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> a consist&#234;ncia interna da nova vers&#227;o apresentou resultados de concord&#226;ncia tamb&#233;m com alta confiabilidade: alfa de Cronbach &gt; 0,82. A avalia&#231;&#227;o item a item constatou correla&#231;&#227;o superior a 0,75 entre o resultado total do teste e o dom&#237;nio bem-estar (alfa de Cronbach = 0,76). Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados para os dom&#237;nios 'fadiga' e 'percep&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a', com alfas de Cronbach de 0,78 e 0,79, respectivamente (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Coeficiente de concord&#226;ncia item-total, valor do alfa do total dos 7 dom&#237;nios do QVFA v.2 e valores de alfa quando cada um dos itens for exclu&#237;do. S&#227;o Paulo, 2013</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="left" style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
                  <bold>Coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o item-total</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="left" style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
                  <bold>Alfa de Cronbach, se item for exclu&#237;do</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">QVFA v.2 - Total</th>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="left">0,82</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Palpita&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="left">0,54</td>
                <td align="left">0,80</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dispneia</td>
                <td align="left">0,47</td>
                <td align="left">0,81</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Precordialgia</td>
                <td align="left">0,47</td>
                <td align="left">0,81</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tontura</td>
                <td align="left">0,44</td>
                <td align="left">0,82</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fadiga</td>
                <td align="left">0,68</td>
                <td align="left">0,78</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Bem-estar</td>
                <td align="left">0,76</td>
                <td align="left">0,76</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Percep&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a</td>
                <td align="left">0,61</td>
                <td align="left">0,79</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>A constru&#231;&#227;o de um instrumento de qualidade de vida e sua valida&#231;&#227;o exigem o percurso de v&#225;rias fases, sendo reprodutibilidade ou confiabilidade uma das fases mais importantes da avalia&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica, fundamental na constru&#231;&#227;o desse tipo de instrumento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Para que um question&#225;rio seja v&#225;lido, n&#227;o &#233; suficiente que o instrumento mensure o que pretende medir. Ele precisa reproduzir os mesmos achados quando utilizado em outros cen&#225;rios e por outros observadores. A obten&#231;&#227;o desse resultado &#233; determinada pela an&#225;lise de reprodutibilidade ou confiabilidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Sendo a qualidade de vida um construto multifatorial, aferi-la por meio de instrumentos gen&#233;ricos reduz seu poder de avalia&#231;&#227;o. Os instrumentos gen&#233;ricos de avalia&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de vida consagram diversas condi&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de e refletem diferentes &#225;reas da vida das pessoas. Por&#233;m, muito se perde quando h&#225; inten&#231;&#227;o de mensurar o real impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, porquanto peculiaridades de determinadas situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas nem sempre s&#227;o pass&#237;veis de serem avaliadas ou s&#227;o subestimadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Por conseguinte, o desenvolvimento de question&#225;rios espec&#237;ficos para v&#225;rias manifesta&#231;&#245;es nosol&#243;gicas vem se generalizando em todo o mundo, especialmente na &#225;rea cardiovascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Por&#233;m uma pergunta se imp&#245;e: Utilizar instrumentos internacionais adaptados &#224; nossa l&#237;ngua nos d&#225; empoderamento, ou dever&#237;amos buscar instrumentos nacionais validados que atinjam as caracter&#237;sticas da nossa popula&#231;&#227;o? O que &#233; mais f&#225;cil e real?</p>
        <p>Sabemos que a FA &#233; o dist&#250;rbio do ritmo card&#237;aco mais frequente no cen&#225;rio das arritmias no Brasil, estando relacionada a um progn&#243;stico adverso, por aumentar os riscos de acidente vascular encef&#225;lico e, consequentemente, de mortalidade. A FA &#233; uma doen&#231;a que n&#227;o se resume somente &#224; altera&#231;&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fica, envolvendo tamb&#233;m outras manifesta&#231;&#245;es f&#237;sicas e ps&#237;quicas, que comprometem a qualidade de vida, em algumas ou em todas as dimens&#245;es que a comp&#245;em. Dessa maneira, a necessidade de mensurar o impacto da FA na qualidade de vida de seus portadores &#233; indiscut&#237;vel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Mensurar todos os aspectos que circundam a qualidade de vida dos indiv&#237;duos com FA permanece um grande desafio, pois os sintomas dessa arritmia podem impossibilitar o paciente de manter suas atividades cotidianas e/ou sociais, contribuindo para a deteriora&#231;&#227;o de sua sa&#250;de emocional. Nesse sentido, justifica-se a exist&#234;ncia de diversos question&#225;rios para FA em outros idiomas; por&#233;m, eles mensuram principalmente as manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas, o que enfraquece a avalia&#231;&#227;o global da qualidade de vida atrav&#233;s dos mesmos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Com esse intuito, o aprimoramento da vers&#227;o existente (QVFA v.1) com a implementa&#231;&#227;o de novos dom&#237;nios, que transitam em avalia&#231;&#245;es ainda pouco comuns &#224; pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, permite que o question&#225;rio possa alcan&#231;ar o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de vida nas suas v&#225;rias dimens&#245;es na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira.</p>
        <p>A nova vers&#227;o do QVFA aperfei&#231;oou a vers&#227;o anterior, confirmando sua especificidade para pacientes portadores de FA e tornando-a mais veross&#237;mil &#224; realidade desses pacientes. Excluir o dom&#237;nio 'terap&#234;utica', que contemplava interven&#231;&#245;es com drogas, cardiovers&#227;o e abla&#231;&#227;o, e incluir manifesta&#231;&#245;es como 'fadiga', 'percep&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a' e 'bem-estar' permitiram que o question&#225;rio avaliasse o indiv&#237;duo sem os fatores potencialmente confundidores quando se pretende avaliar o impacto da FA <italic>per se</italic>. Isso n&#227;o exclui a possibilidade do question&#225;rio ser utilizado na an&#225;lise de tratamentos implementados para FA e suas respostas relacionadas a qualidade de vida.</p>
        <p>A inclus&#227;o do dom&#237;nio 'fadiga', ainda que um sintoma de caracter&#237;stica subjetiva e sem confirma&#231;&#227;o m&#233;trica, &#233; crucial, pois o mesmo aparece como o terceiro sintoma mais encontrado em portadores de FA, exercendo importante influ&#234;ncia na capacidade funcional e na limita&#231;&#227;o de atividades f&#237;sicas desses indiv&#237;duos. Parece, por&#233;m, ser muitas vezes avaliado como uma manifesta&#231;&#227;o relacionada &#224; intoler&#226;ncia ao exerc&#237;cio/esfor&#231;o, o que n&#227;o &#233; verdadeiro.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nessa mesma l&#243;gica, incluir propriedades com componentes subjetivos, tais como bem-estar e percep&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a, e possibilitar essa avalia&#231;&#227;o com quest&#245;es claras deram sustenta&#231;&#227;o &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o do indiv&#237;duo em outras dimens&#245;es.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Em revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica recente, demonstrou-se a preocupa&#231;&#227;o dos profissionais de sa&#250;de em estudar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre os aspectos emocionais e f&#237;sicos dos portadores de FA. Nessa revis&#227;o com 34 publica&#231;&#245;es estudando especificamente ansiedade e depress&#227;o, concluiu-se que h&#225; uma complexa rela&#231;&#227;o entre os sintomas de depress&#227;o, ansiedade e as manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas da FA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; percep&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a, pacientes e m&#233;dicos expressam diferentes percep&#231;&#245;es sobre a amea&#231;a que a FA representa para sa&#250;de e morbimortalidade. Os m&#233;dicos tendem tanto a subestimar a compreens&#227;o dos pacientes do benef&#237;cio do tratamento, quanto a superestimar o conhecimento das complica&#231;&#245;es.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Dessa maneira, em conson&#226;ncia com a literatura mundial, a nova vers&#227;o permitiu avaliar a qualidade de vida, dom&#237;nio a dom&#237;nio, tanto separadamente quanto de forma global: s&#227;o os sintomas? Se a resposta &#233; positiva, quais deles? O bem-estar ou a percep&#231;&#227;o sobre a doen&#231;a pode ter uma influ&#234;ncia sobre a qualidade de vida? Qual conjunto de dom&#237;nios tem maior influ&#234;ncia?<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Um question&#225;rio espec&#237;fico e simplificado como o QVFA v.2 possibilita-nos mensurar se os sintomas f&#237;sicos comprometem o bem-estar e/ou a sa&#250;de emocional ou vice-versa. A n&#227;o avalia&#231;&#227;o de todas as dimens&#245;es da qualidade de vida do portador de FA poder&#225; nos levar &#224; conduta reducionista de somente considerar o controle da frequ&#234;ncia ou do ritmo nesses pacientes. Na nossa avalia&#231;&#227;o, isso compromete uma abordagem mais hol&#237;stica da doen&#231;a.</p>
        <p>A possibilidade de sua incorpora&#231;&#227;o na consulta de rotina por qualquer profissional de sa&#250;de, por ser de r&#225;pida aplica&#231;&#227;o, torna-o vi&#225;vel no arsenal de avalia&#231;&#227;o de pacientes portadores de FA.</p>
        <p>Destacamos que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de uma linguagem simples e direta permite que o QVFA v.2 seja aplicado em pacientes com qualquer n&#237;vel de escolaridade. O sistema de pontua&#231;&#227;o, mantido com caracter&#237;sticas de f&#225;cil aplicabilidade, fornece resultado sobre a qualidade de vida de forma r&#225;pida e de f&#225;cil interpreta&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>O rigor das an&#225;lises das propriedades psicom&#233;tricas dessa nova vers&#227;o do QVFA, com resultados estatisticamente significativos da an&#225;lise da reprodutibilidade comparada &#224; do padr&#227;o-ouro, o question&#225;rio SF-36, assegura ao QVFA v.2 sua adequa&#231;&#227;o para uso na avalia&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de vida de portadores de FA.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>A nova vers&#227;o do QVFA proposta no presente estudo (QVFA v.2) demonstrou n&#227;o apenas aprimoramento da vers&#227;o original como tamb&#233;m manteve alto valor de reprodutibilidade. Essas caracter&#237;sticas s&#227;o essenciais para a aplicabilidade cl&#237;nica desse instrumento.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do Estudo</title>
          <p>A valida&#231;&#227;o desta nova vers&#227;o do QVFA n&#227;o categorizou a classe socioecon&#244;mica dos participantes. Esta nova vers&#227;o do QVFA requer estudos de seguimento ambulatorial para confirmar ou n&#227;o sua sensibilidade em detectar oscila&#231;&#245;es na qualidade de vida dos pacientes em paralelo &#224; sua melhora ou piora cl&#237;nica.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pela Capes.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de Doutorado de Rita Simone Lopes Moreira pela UNIFESP.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app2">
          <label>Ap&#234;ndice</label>
          <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Qualidade de Vida em Pacientes com Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial vers&#227;o 2</title>
          <table-wrap id="t9">
            <table frame="box" rules="all">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="25%"/>
                <col width="25%"/>
                <col width="25%"/>
                <col width="25%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2">Identifica&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="left">Data:</td>
                  <td align="left">N:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="4">Nome:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">RG:</td>
                  <td align="left">Sexo:</td>
                  <td align="left">Data Nasc:</td>
                  <td align="left">Idade:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Natural:</td>
                  <td align="left">Proced:</td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2">Profiss&#227;o:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2">Estado civil:</td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2">Mora com quem:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-style:hidden">
                  <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">N&#237;vel de escolaridade:</td>
                  <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">( ) Analfabeto</td>
                  <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">( ) 1&#176; Grau incompleto </td>
                  <td align="left">( ) 1&#176; Grau completo</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-style:hidden">
                  <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">
									</td>
                  <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">( ) 2&#176; grau incompleto</td>
                  <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">( ) 2&#176; Grau completo</td>
                  <td align="left">( ) Superior incompl.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">
									</td>
                  <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">( ) Superior completo</td>
                  <td align="left" style="border-right:hidden">
									</td>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="4">Sabe referir o nome da arritmia? ( ) sim ( ) n&#227;o</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <sec>
            <title>Question&#225;rio</title>
            <p>
              <bold>1. Palpita&#231;&#227;o</bold>
            </p>
            <list list-type="order">
              <list-item>
                <p>Tem <italic>palpita&#231;&#227;o</italic> (batedeira no peito)?</p>
                <p>( ) Sim ( ) N&#227;o</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>A palpita&#231;&#227;o &#233;:</p>
                    <p>&#10003; Di&#225;ria .............................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Semanal ..........................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Quinzenal .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Mensal ........................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; &gt; 30 dias .....................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A palpita&#231;&#227;o aparece com:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Repouso ...........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Estresse emocional ....................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Atividade comum (trabalho ou casa) ................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Qual &#233; a dura&#231;&#227;o da palpita&#231;&#227;o?</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; &lt; 1 minuto ...................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Minutos .........................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Horas ............................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Cont&#237;nua (direto) .....................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Quando come&#231;ou a &#250;ltima palpita&#231;&#227;o?</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; &lt; 48 horas ...................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; &gt; 48 horas a uma semana .....................................................................................................................................................k</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; &gt; 1 semana at&#233; 1 m&#234;s .....................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; &gt; 1 m&#234;s at&#233; 6 meses ..................................................................................................................................................l</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; &gt; 6 meses at&#233; 1 ano ......................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; &gt; 1 ano .......................................................................................................................................................................m</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A palpita&#231;&#227;o atrapalha o seu dia a dia?</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
                <p>
                  <bold>II. Dispneia</bold>
                </p>
                <p>Tem <italic>falta de ar</italic>?</p>
                <p>( ) Sim ( ) N&#227;o</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A falta de ar &#233; em:</p>
                <p>&#10003; Repouso ..........................................................................................................................................................................f</p>
                <p>&#10003; Esfor&#231;o:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>- Pequeno ................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>- M&#233;dio ..................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>- Grande ........................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Junto com a falta de ar tem:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Palpita&#231;&#227;o .....................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Tosse ...........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Tontura .......................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Outros ...........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nenhum sintoma .................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A falta de ar atrapalha o seu dia a dia?</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................h</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................f</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                    <p>
                      <bold>III. Precordialgia</bold>
                    </p>
                    <p>Tem <italic>dor no peito</italic>?</p>
                    <p>( ) Sim ( ) N&#227;o</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A dor no peito come&#231;ou ao mesmo tempo que a palpita&#231;&#227;o?</p>
                <p>( ) Sim ( ) N&#227;o</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A dor no peito aparece com:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Repouso ...........................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Estresse emocional ....................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Atividade comum (trabalho ou casa) ................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Outros ............................................................................................................................................................................ a</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Junto com a dor no peito tem:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nenhum sintoma .................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Sudorese .......................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; N&#225;useas e/ou v&#244;mitos ................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Irradia&#231;&#227;o ......................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Outros ............................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A dor no peito atrapalha o seu dia a dia:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................g</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>
                      <bold>IV. Tontura</bold>
                    </p>
                    <p>Tem <italic>tontura</italic>?</p>
                    <p>( ) Sim ( ) N&#227;o</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Qual &#233; o tipo de tontura?</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Sensa&#231;&#227;o moment&#226;nea de desequil&#237;brio ...................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Movimento rotat&#243;rio seu ou do ambiente ..............................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Sensa&#231;&#227;o de desmaio ..........................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Desmaio .........................................................................................................................................................................f</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Junto com a tontura tem:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Palpita&#231;&#227;o .....................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Vis&#227;o emba&#231;ada ................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Ansiedade .........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Fraqueza ......................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Outros ...........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nenhum sintoma .................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A tontura atrapalha o seu dia a dia:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................g</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>
                      <bold>V. Fadiga</bold>
                    </p>
                    <p>Tem <italic>fadiga</italic> (cansa&#231;o, fraqueza, falta de energia)?</p>
                    <p>( ) Sim ( ) N&#227;o</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>Voc&#234; acredita que a sua fadiga est&#225; relacionada com sua arritmia?</p>
                    <p>( ) Sim ( ) N&#227;o</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A fadiga &#233;:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Di&#225;ria .............................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Semanal ..........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Cont&#237;nua .................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Espor&#225;dica ..................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Na sua avalia&#231;&#227;o sua fadiga &#233;:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Leve ..............................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Moderada ......................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muita ...........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Junto com a fadiga tem:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nenhum sintoma .................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Falta de ar ........................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Palpita&#231;&#227;o .....................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Outros ...........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Mais que um sintoma ...............................................................................................................................................e</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A sua fadiga est&#225; relacionada com:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada .........................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Atividade di&#225;ria .................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Estado emocional ............................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A fadiga atrapalha seu dia a dia:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>
                      <bold>VI. Bem-estar</bold>
                    </p>
                    <p>ATUALMENTE voc&#234; sente que a arritmia afeta:</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A sua <italic>alegria</italic>:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A sua <italic>tristeza</italic>:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A sua <italic>ansiedade, irrita&#231;&#227;o, nervosismo</italic>:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>O seu <italic>otimismo</italic>:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>O seu <italic>pessimismo</italic>:</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>
                      <bold>VII. Percep&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a - Arritmia:</bold>
                    </p>
                    <p>Voc&#234; acredita que ficar&#225; curado?</p>
                    <p>( ) Sim ( ) N&#227;o</p>
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              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Quanto tempo voc&#234; pensa que sua arritmia vai durar?</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco tempo .....................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito tempo ......................................................................................................................................................................b</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Para sempre ..........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Tomar a medica&#231;&#227;o atrapalha o seu dia a dia?</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................e</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Qual o grau de preocupa&#231;&#227;o com sua arritmia?</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito preocupado ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Preocupado .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco preocupado ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada preocupado ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>At&#233; que ponto a sua arritmia o afeta emocionalmente?</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muito ......................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; M&#233;dio .....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Pouco ..........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nada ................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Voc&#234; relaciona esta sua arritmia com a sua morte/fim da sua vida?</p>
                <list list-type="simple">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Muitas vezes .................................................................................................................................................................d</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Algumas vezes ....................................................................................................................................................................c</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Poucas vezes ...........................................................................................................................................................................a</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>&#10003; Nenhuma vez ............................................................................................................................................................................z</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </list-item>
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                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>1,0</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
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                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>8,0</bold>
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                  <tr>
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                      <bold>B</bold>
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                      <bold>2.0</bold>
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                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>9,0</bold>
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                    <td align="center">
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                      <bold>K</bold>
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                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>2,5</bold>
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                  <tr>
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                      <bold>E</bold>
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                      <bold>5,0</bold>
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                      <bold>L</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>1,5</bold>
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                  <tr>
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                      <bold>F</bold>
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                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,5</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>G</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>7,0</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Z</bold>
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                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0</bold>
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          </sec>
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