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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">YdjsXCBPBwrWkRkLbb9GLCB</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2016000300168</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160032</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Prophylactic Left Internal Mammary Artery Graft In Mildly-Stenosed Coronary Lesions. Still An Open Discussion</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Evora</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Roberto B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arc&#234;ncio</surname>
            <given-names>Livia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Schmidt</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Alfredo Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Paulo Roberto B. Evora</bold>, Rua Rui Barbosa, 367, Ap.15, Postal Code 14015-120, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>prbevora@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>3</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>106</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>168</fpage>
      <lpage>170</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Mammary Arteries/transplantation</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Stenosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>The main advantages of CABG with the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) have been well established since the 80s and can be enumerated as follows.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <list list-type="order">
        <list-item>
          <p>Increased long-term patency, undoubtedly demonstrated;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Atherosclerosis resistance based on the endothelial production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Contrary to the venous bypass, it has been used not only for pedicle grafts as well as for free grafts;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Improved clinical outcomes (various studies have shown the influence of LIMA graft on the recurrence of angina, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and favorable survival, and;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Less need for reoperations (a 2-fold lower incidence of reoperations has shown in patients without LIMA graft compared to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD).</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>It has been well established that coronary venous grafts in arteries with moderate atherosclerotic lesions (&lt;70%) had early occlusion mainly due to flow competition with the native coronary circulation. Otherwise, to graft a moderately stenosed coronary vessel with LIMA remains debatable, keeping the question by Hayward and colleagues open: "Should all moderate coronary lesions be grafted during primary coronary bypass surgery?".<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> However, controversy exists whether LIMAs should be used to bypass coronary arteries with noncritical stenoses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Left internal mammary flow</title>
        <p>Doubts about the quality of LIMA flow began to fade in the late 1970s. However, in the 1980s, numerous studies demonstrated the ability to LIMA to dilate or decrease its diameter according to the myocardial needs, demonstrating the dynamic nature of its luminal diameter.</p>
        <p>Excluding surgical problems (damage during harvesting and mobilization, spasm, inflammation, or a steal phenomenon arising from a large undivided proximal LIMA branches), LIMA graft failure in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is mostly considered to be a result of competitive flow (CF) from the native coronary artery, limiting future revascularization options particularly in young patients.</p>
        <p>As time goes by, the controversies remain "alive", emphasizing that experimental studies, concerning the "prophylactic" use of LIMA grafts for moderate coronary obstructions, demonstrate and keep controversial results. Results from acute experiments have indicated that competitive flow from a fully patent native artery did not abolish LIMA graft flow. The chronic experiments results demonstrate that even after 2 months of maximal chronic flow competition from a fully patent native artery, LIMA graft flow was maintained above <italic>in situ</italic> levels, and a recruitable flow reserve could be demonstrated when the native vessel was occluded. These data suggest that LIMA grafts are dynamic and may remain patent despite significant residual flow in the native vessel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> LIMA graft patency decreases as coronary artery competitive flow increases. However, the effect of competitive flow on LIMA graft patency is mild, and no degree of proximal coronary stenosis led to declining LIMA patency. This finding suggests that LIMA should not be avoided when bypassing coronary arteries with moderate degrees of stenoses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>The concept of "prophylactic" grafting</title>
        <p>The concept of "prophylactic" grafting is an interesting one. It is particularly appealing in those patients with concomitant severe medical illnesses in whom coronary bypass reoperation procedures would pose a considerable risk. In these patients, grafting minimally diseased vessels that have the potential to become hemodynamically significant with time might be a reasonable option, which might afford the patient a longer disease-free interval. Twenty years ago Lust and colleagues wrote that in the future, with more data, prophylactic grafting might be considered, but at that time, they did not believe in making that statement.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Nowadays, it is possible to conclude that the subject remains an open discussion and deserves actions to become the consensus in our guidelines.</p>
        <p>The decision to graft or leave a moderately stenosed vessel during a cardiac surgical procedure depends on some calculations by the surgeon. In clinical practice, the balance of these estimations of the future of both the lesion and any graft placed to that territory must be weighed against other surgical considerations, such as the availability of conduit, the number of grafts, and other operative procedures needed, such as valvular or aortic repair. Faced with a moderate lesion, the surgeon might commonly choose between leaving it alone or placing a saphenous vein bypass. The greater risk of progression of left-sided moderate lesions and high graft patency rates when bypassed, suggests that the balance of clinical judgment lies in favor of grafting moderate left-sided lesions. Data from postoperative angiography in predominantly asymptomatic patients receiving contemporary secondary prevention therapies suggests that bypass grafting best treats moderate lesions in the left coronary system during multivessel revascularization. However, right-sided lesions may reasonably be left alone because they are unlikely to progress and are not likely to require subsequent revascularization. These data may assist coronary surgeons in a joint clinical dilemma.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>The internal mammary graft is a physiologically active conduit that is dependent on flow dynamics. One emblematic reported case evidenced that competitive flow through the nonobstructive native LAD in combination with an impedance of flow through the LIMA due to a severe lesion in the LAD distal to the anastomosis led to a functionally occluded LIMA. When the obstruction in the proximal LAD progressed, and the distal obstruction was successfully angioplastied, the LIMA flow dynamics improved, allowing for its dilatation and restoration of patency. Therefore, an angiographically occluded internal mammary graft may be only functionally occluded and reversible even when the occlusion is demonstrated several days apart.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p>The association between competitive flow and hemodynamics, as a kind of consensus, is still unclear. There is scarce literature focusing experimentally or clinically on this area. About supplemental vein grafting for LIMA hypoperfusion, an experimental study in dogs compared LIMA flow in different settings. The results showed that the vein graft placed distally or proximally limits LIMA flow and LIMA contribution to distal perfusion both in the resting heart and during the increased myocardial oxygen demand.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Clinically, Kawamura et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> studied the effect of competitive flow on patency rate of the internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery bypass from the concomitant saphenous vein (SV) graft in the left coronary artery, based on 313 patients who had two bypasses to the left coronary artery including in situ LIMA-LAD graft. It was also concluded that competitive flow from SV graft could play a major role in occlusion of the in situ arterial graft.</p>
        <p>Even though the overall patency rate of IMA grafts is high, the present data indicate that the long-term patency rate of IMA grafts is low when the recipient's vessel is only moderately stenosed. Basically, these findings imply the decision to use an IMA should be carefully considered in light of the hemodynamic severity of the stenosis in the recipient's vessel. This might avoid the inappropriate use of an IMA as a graft to a recipient artery that does not need to be revascularized.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>In conclusion, LIMA has the capacity of flow adaptation according to the myocardial metabolic necessities. Also, it has a "hibernating" capacity, protecting against coronary artery disease. Therefore, all moderate coronary lesions should be LIMA grafted during primary coronary bypass surgery.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> On the other hand, the LIMA graft occlusion due to flow competition prevents the possibility of future use in an eventual CABG reoperation. Nowadays, the idea of a prophylactic LIMA on LAD in mild-stenosed vessels is not confirmed yet by clinical evidence.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Erratum</bold>
        </p>
        <p>In the editorial &#8220;Prophylactic Left Internal Mammary Artery Graft In Mildly-Stenosed Coronary Lesions. Still An Open Discussion&#8221;, adjust the name of author Andr&#233; Schmidit to Andr&#233; Schmidt.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Enxerto Profil&#225;tico de Art&#233;ria Mam&#225;ria Interna Esquerda em Les&#245;es Coron&#225;rias Levemente Estenosadas. Ainda uma Discuss&#227;o Aberta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Evora</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Roberto B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arc&#234;ncio</surname>
            <given-names>Livia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Schmidt</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Alfredo Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP - Brasil</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP - Brasil</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Paulo Roberto B. Evora</bold>, Rua Rui Barbosa, 367, Ap.15, CEP 14015-120, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>prbevora@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Art&#233;ria Tor&#225;cica Interna/transplante</kwd>
        <kwd>Estenose Coron&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>As principais vantagens da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio com art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna esquerda (AMIE) t&#234;m sido bem estabelecidas desde os anos 80 e podem ser enumeradas como se segue.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
				</p>
        <list list-type="order">
          <list-item>
            <p>Aumento da pat&#234;ncia a longo prazo, indubitavelmente demonstrado;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Resist&#234;ncia &#224; aterosclerose baseada na produ&#231;&#227;o endotelial de &#243;xido n&#237;trico e prostaciclina;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Diferente da ponte venosa, tem sido usado n&#227;o apenas em enxertos de ped&#237;culo, mas tamb&#233;m em enxertos livres;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Melhores resultados cl&#237;nicos (v&#225;rios estudos t&#234;m demonstrado a influ&#234;ncia do enxerto da AMIE sobre a recorr&#234;ncia de angina, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio n&#227;o fatal e sobreviv&#234;ncia favor&#225;vel, e;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Menor necessidade de reopera&#231;&#245;es (uma incid&#234;ncia 2 vezes menor de reopera&#231;&#245;es tem sido demonstrada em pacientes sem enxertos de AMIE em compara&#231;&#227;o com a art&#233;ria descendente anterior (ADA).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Tem sido bem estabelecido que enxertos venosos coronarianos em vasos com les&#245;es ateroscler&#243;ticas moderadas (&lt;70%) tiveram oclus&#227;o precoce principalmente por competitividade de fluxo com a circula&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria nativa. Por outro lado, enxertar um vaso coron&#225;rio moderadamente estenosado utilizando a AMIE permanece discut&#237;vel, mantendo-se em aberto a pergunta de Hayward e colegas: "Todas as les&#245;es coron&#225;rias moderadas devem ser enxertadas durante a cirurgia principal de ponte coron&#225;ria?".<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> No entanto, existem controv&#233;rsias se a AMIE deve ser utilizada no cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias com estenoses n&#227;o-cr&#237;ticas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
				</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Fluxo da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna esquerda</title>
          <p>D&#250;vidas sobre a qualidade do fluxo da AMIE come&#231;aram a desaparecer no final dos anos 70. No entanto, na d&#233;cada de 80, v&#225;rios estudos demonstraram a capacidade da AMIE em dilatar ou diminuir o seu di&#226;metro de acordo com as necessidades do mioc&#225;rdio, demonstrando a natureza din&#226;mica do seu di&#226;metro luminal.</p>
          <p>Excluindo-se problemas cir&#250;rgicos (danos durante a colheita e mobiliza&#231;&#227;o, espasmo, inflama&#231;&#227;o, ou fen&#244;meno de roubo coron&#225;rio decorrente de grandes ramos proximais indivisos da AMIE), a fal&#234;ncia do enxerto da AMIE em cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio (CRM) &#233; principalmente considerada um resultado da competitividade de fluxo (CF) da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria nativa, limitando as op&#231;&#245;es de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o posteriores, particularmente em pacientes jovens.</p>
          <p>Com o passar do tempo, as controv&#233;rsias permanecem "vivas", enfatizando-se que estudos experimentais, a respeito do uso "profil&#225;tico" de enxertos da AMIE para obstru&#231;&#245;es coronarianas moderadas, demonstram e mant&#233;m os resultados controversos. Os resultados de experi&#234;ncias agudas indicaram que a competitividade de fluxo de uma art&#233;ria nativa totalmente patente n&#227;o aboliu o fluxo do enxerto de AMIE. Os resultados de experimentos cr&#244;nicos demonstram que, mesmo ap&#243;s dois meses de competitividade de fluxo cr&#244;nica m&#225;xima de uma art&#233;ria nativa totalmente patente, o fluxo do enxerto da AMIE foi mantido acima dos n&#237;veis <italic>in situ</italic>, e uma reserva de fluxo recrut&#225;vel p&#244;de ser demonstrada quando o vaso nativo foi obstru&#237;do. Esses dados sugerem que os enxertos da AMIE s&#227;o din&#226;micos e podem permanecer patentes apesar do fluxo residual significativo no vaso nativo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
					</p>
          <p>A pat&#234;ncia do enxerto da AMIE diminui &#224; medida que a competitividade de fluxo da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria aumenta. No entanto, o efeito da competitividade de fluxo na pat&#234;ncia da AMIE enxerto &#233; leve e nenhum grau de estenose coron&#225;ria proximal levou ao decl&#237;nio da pat&#234;ncia da AMIE. Esse achado sugere que AMIE n&#227;o deve ser evitada na revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias com graus moderados de estenose.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>O conceito de enxerto "profil&#225;tico"</title>
          <p>O conceito de enxerto "profil&#225;tico" &#233; interessante. Ele &#233; particularmente atraente naqueles pacientes com doen&#231;as graves concomitantes, em quem procedimentos de reopera&#231;&#227;o de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio representam um risco consider&#225;vel. Nesses pacientes, o enxerto em vasos minimamente doentes que t&#234;m o potencial para tornar-se hemodinamicamente significantes com o tempo pode ser uma op&#231;&#227;o razo&#225;vel, o que pode dar ao paciente um intervalo livre de doen&#231;a mais longo. Vinte anos atr&#225;s Lust e colegas escreveram que, no futuro, com mais dados, o enxerto profil&#225;tico pode ser considerado, mas que naquele momento, eles n&#227;o acreditavam em fazer tal afirma&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Hoje em dia, &#233; poss&#237;vel concluir que o assunto continua a ser uma discuss&#227;o aberta e merece a&#231;&#245;es para tornar-se o consenso em nossas diretrizes.</p>
          <p>A decis&#227;o de utilizar um enxerto ou deixar um vaso moderadamente estenosado durante um procedimento cir&#250;rgico card&#237;aco depende de alguns c&#225;lculos do cirurgi&#227;o. Na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, o saldo dessas estimativas relativas ao futuro tanto da les&#227;o e de qualquer enxerto colocado nesse territ&#243;rio deve ser pesado contra outras considera&#231;&#245;es cir&#250;rgicas, tais como a disponibilidade de canal, o n&#250;mero de enxertos e outros procedimentos operat&#243;rios necess&#225;rios, tais como reparo a&#243;rtico ou valvar. Diante de uma les&#227;o moderada, o cirurgi&#227;o pode comumente escolher entre deix&#225;-la em paz ou colocar uma ponte de safena.</p>
          <p>O maior risco de progress&#227;o das les&#245;es moderadas do lado esquerdo e as altas taxas de pat&#234;ncia do enxerto quando a cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o &#233; realizada, sugerem que o equil&#237;brio do julgamento cl&#237;nico pende a favor do enxerto em les&#245;es moderadas do lado esquerdo. Dados de angiografia p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria em pacientes predominantemente assintom&#225;ticos que receberam terapias de preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria contempor&#226;neas sugere que a cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o apresenta melhores resultados em les&#245;es moderadas no sistema de coron&#225;ria esquerda durante a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o multiarterial. No entanto, les&#245;es do lado direito podem razoavelmente serem deixadas em paz, porque t&#234;m pouca probabilidade de progress&#227;o e de exigir revasculariza&#231;&#227;o subsequente. Esses dados podem ajudar os cirurgi&#245;es coron&#225;rios em um dilema cl&#237;nico conjunto.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
					</p>
          <p>O enxerto de art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna &#233; um canal fisiologicamente ativo dependente de din&#226;mica de fluxo. Um caso emblem&#225;tico relatado mostrou que a competitividade de fluxo atrav&#233;s da ADA nativa n&#227;o-obstru&#237;da em combina&#231;&#227;o com uma imped&#226;ncia de fluxo atrav&#233;s da AMIE devido a uma les&#227;o grave na ADA distal &#224; anastomose levou a uma AMIE funcionalmente obstru&#237;da. Quando a obstru&#231;&#227;o na ADA proximal progrediu, e a obstru&#231;&#227;o distal foi submetida &#224; angioplastia com sucesso, a din&#226;mica de fluxo da AMIE melhorou, permitindo sua dilata&#231;&#227;o e restaura&#231;&#227;o da pat&#234;ncia. Portanto, um enxerto de art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna angiograficamente obstru&#237;do pode estar apenas funcionalmente oclu&#237;do e ser revers&#237;vel, mesmo quando a obstru&#231;&#227;o &#233; demonstrada com v&#225;rios dias de intervalo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
					</p>
          <p>A associa&#231;&#227;o entre o fluxo competitivo e a hemodin&#226;mica, como uma esp&#233;cie de consenso, ainda &#233; incerta. H&#225; escassa literatura concentrando-se experimentalmente ou clinicamente nesta &#225;rea. A respeito do enxerto venoso suplementar para hipoperfus&#227;o da AMIE, um estudo experimental em c&#227;es comparou o fluxo da AMIE em diferentes contextos. Os resultados mostraram que o enxerto venoso colocado em regi&#227;o distal ou proximal limita o fluxo da AMIE e sua contribui&#231;&#227;o para perfus&#227;o distal tanto no cora&#231;&#227;o em repouso quanto durante o aumento da demanda de oxig&#234;nio no mioc&#225;rdio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Clinicamente, Kawamura et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> estudaram o efeito da competitividade de fluxo na taxa de pat&#234;ncia da art&#233;ria tor&#225;cica interna para a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda a partir do enxerto concomitante de veia safena (VS) na art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda, com base em 313 pacientes que tinham duas pontes para a art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda, incluindo o enxerto AMIE-ADA <italic>in situ</italic>. Concluiu-se tamb&#233;m que a competitividade de fluxo do enxerto da VS poderia desempenhar um papel importante na obstru&#231;&#227;o do enxerto arterial <italic>in situ</italic>.</p>
          <p>Embora a taxa de pat&#234;ncia global dos enxertos da AMIE seja elevada, os dados presentes indicam que a taxa de pat&#234;ncia a longo prazo dos enxertos da AMIE &#233; baixa, quando a estenose na art&#233;ria do receptor for apenas moderada. Basicamente, esses resultados sugerem que a decis&#227;o de usar a AMIE deve ser cuidadosamente considerada, &#224; luz da gravidade hemodin&#226;mica da estenose na art&#233;ria do receptor. Isso pode evitar o uso indevido de uma AMIE como enxerto em uma art&#233;ria receptora que n&#227;o precisa ser revascularizada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Em conclus&#227;o, a AMIE tem a capacidade de adapta&#231;&#227;o do fluxo de acordo com as necessidades metab&#243;licas do mioc&#225;rdio. Al&#233;m disso, tem a capacidade de "hiberna&#231;&#227;o", protegendo contra a doen&#231;a arterial coronariana. Portanto, todas as les&#245;es coron&#225;rias moderadas deveriam receber o enxerto da AMIE durante a cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria principal<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>. Por outro lado, a obstru&#231;&#227;o do enxerto da AMIE por competitividade de fluxo impede a possibilidade de uso futuro em uma eventual reopera&#231;&#227;o de CRM. Hoje em dia, a ideia de um enxerto profil&#225;tico da AMIE na ADA em vasos levemente estenosados ainda n&#227;o foi confirmada por evid&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Errata</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No editorial &#8220;Enxerto Profil&#225;tico de Art&#233;ria Mam&#225;ria Interna Esquerda em Les&#245;es Coron&#225;rias Levemente Estenosadas. Ainda uma Discuss&#227;o Aberta&#8221;, corrigir o nome do autor Andr&#233; Schmidit para Andr&#233; Schmidt.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
