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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">qzTMwQXg8mC4SPB7RWrX7Jb</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2016000100049</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2015005029102</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160004</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Validation of a Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History (WELCH)</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cucato</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Grizzo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Marilia de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Farah</surname>
            <given-names>Breno Quintella</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Saes</surname>
            <given-names>Glauco Fernandes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Alu&#237;sio Henrique de Andrade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ritti-Dias</surname>
            <given-names>Raphael Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wolosker</surname>
            <given-names>Nelson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Pernambuco</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Superior de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Superior de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica &#8211; Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de Pernambuco</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica e Esporte</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica e Esporte da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing address: Gabriel Grizzo Cucato,</bold> Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Avenida Albert Einstein, 627/701, sala 423, bloco A1, Morumbi. Postal Code 05652-900, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>gacucato@gmail.com</email>
					</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Cucato GG, Wolosker N; Acquisition of data: Cucato GG, Correia MA, Farah BQ, Lima AHA; Analysis and interpretation of the data and Statistical analysis: Cucato GG, Lima AHA, Ritti-Dias RM; Writing of the manuscript: Cucato GG, Correia MA, Farah BQ, Saes GF, Lima AHA, Ritti-Dias RM, Wolosker N; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Cucato GG, Correia MA, Farah BQ, Saes GF, Lima AHA, Ritti-Dias RM, Wolosker N.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>1</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>106</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>49</fpage>
      <lpage>55</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>The Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History (WELCH) questionnaire has been proposed to evaluate walking impairment in patients with intermittent claudication (IC), presenting satisfactory psychometric properties. However, a Brazilian Portuguese version of the questionnaire is unavailable, limiting its application in Brazilian patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To analyze the psychometric properties of a translated Brazilian Portuguese version of the WELCH in Brazilian patients with IC.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Eighty-four patients with IC participated in the study. After translation and back-translation, carried out by two independent translators, the concurrent validity of the WELCH was analyzed by correlating the questionnaire scores with the walking capacity assessed with the Gardner treadmill test. To determine the reliability of the WELCH, internal consistency and test&#8211;retest reliability with a seven-day interval between the two questionnaire applications were calculated.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>There were significant correlations between the WELCH score and the claudication onset distance (r = 0.64, p = 0.01) and total walking distance (r = 0.61, p = 0.01). The internal consistency was 0.84 and the intraclass correlation coefficient between questionnaire evaluations was 0.84. There were no differences in WELCH scores between the two questionnaire applications.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>The Brazilian Portuguese version of the WELCH presents adequate validity and reliability indicators, which support its application to Brazilian patients with IC.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Questionnaires</kwd>
        <kwd>Gait</kwd>
        <kwd>Walking</kwd>
        <kwd>Intermittent Claudication</kwd>
        <kwd>Predictive Value of Tests</kwd>
        <kwd>Disability Evaluation</kwd>
        <kwd>Brazil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects approximately 202 million people worldwide, contributing to the overall global morbidity and mortality.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> In Brazil, PAD affects approximately 10.5% of the population over the age of 18 years.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> Intermittent claudication (IC), the main symptom of PAD, affects approximately one-third of these patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> IC is described as cramp, pain, or tiredness affecting the lower limbs during walking which is relieved by a short period of rest.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> These symptoms impair the walking capacity, physical fitness<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>, and quality of life of these patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>
				</p>
      <p>Walking capacity has been used as an important clinical outcome in patients with IC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, and the walking tests, including the graded treadmill test, has been considered the gold standard for this assessment.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> However, because walking tests are more time consuming and require adequate facilities, they are not often used in the clinical setting. Therefore, the use of easy and fast methods such as questionnaires has been proposed to evaluate functional capacity in patients with IC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
				</p>
      <p>The Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History (WELCH) questionnaire was recently proposed as a new simple and easily scored four-item questionnaire to assess walking impairment in patients with IC. Although the WELCH questionnaire has been validated in other languages<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>, it has not yet been translated and validated into the Portuguese language, limiting its use in Brazilian patients with IC. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the WELCH questionnaire in patients with IC.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>In all, 100 patients of both genders with IC symptoms were recruited by convenience sampling from the Vascular Unit of the <italic>Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</italic> of the University of S&#227;o Paulo. Inclusion criteria were: (a) &#8805; 50 years of age; (b) PAD stage II in one or both lower limbs according to Fontaine&#8217;s classification;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> c) ability to walk on a treadmill for at least two minutes at 3.2 km/h and 0% inclination; and d) limitations to the treadmill test due to IC symptoms. Patients with an ankle-brachial index (ABI) &gt; 1.30 and/or non-compressible arteries on both sides were excluded. Eighty-four patients met all inclusion criteria and participated in the study.</p>
      <p>The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (process: 1973-14) and was performed according to international ethics standards conforming to the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients provided written informed consent to participate.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Study design</title>
        <p>After the translation and back-translation procedures, the Brazilian Portuguese version of the questionnaire was tested in all patients with IC. In addition, medical history, ABI,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> and walking capacity assessed with the Gardner-Skinner graded treadmill test<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> were obtained. In order to analyze the test&#8211;retest reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the WELCH questionnaire, a subsample of 17 patients was reevaluated after 7 days with the same procedures of the first evaluation.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Translation of the WELCH questionnaire</title>
        <p>The translation of the questionnaire was carried out by a qualified professional specialist in translations whose native language is Brazilian Portuguese, and who is fluent in English and experienced in the translation of manuscripts in the medical field. The translator was informed of the proposal of the study and the target population to whom the questionnaire would be applied. Additionally, the translator was advised to carry out a semantic translation and not just a literal one, as well as to use words that would cause the same impact in our cultural context, aiming at the reproduction of the same emotional response.</p>
        <p>After translation of the questionnaire, the test phase was carried out evaluating the comprehension of the questionnaire by individuals with IC. In order to do that, an additional sample of 30 patients with IC (who did not participate in the process of determining the validity and reliability of the questionnaire) was selected. At this phase, individuals with IC were asked to comment on the questionnaire questions, pointing out difficulties and suggesting terms that would be easier to understand. Based on the patients&#8217; comments, the questionnaire was then reanalyzed by a healthcare professional who made small alterations to improve its comprehension. Afterwards, the questionnaire was back-translated into English by a different bilingual translator who, similar to the first one, was also a qualified professional specialist in translations whose native language was Brazilian Portuguese, and who was also fluent in English and experienced in the translation of manuscripts in the medical field, both in the Portuguese and English languages. It is important to mention that the translator in charge of the back-translation was blinded to the original English version of the WELCH.</p>
        <p>The authors then appraised the translated and back-translated versions through comparisons with the original text for correction of discrepancies and creation of a consensus version. In order to create this version, the semantic equivalencies (words with the same meaning) and idiomatic equivalencies (equivalent slang and colloquial expressions) were carefully preserved to present a simple and direct vocabulary.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>The WELCH questionnaire</title>
        <p>The questionnaire answers were obtained through interviews and scored as previously described.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> In brief, each of the eight answers to the first three questionnaire items has a value ranging from 0 to 7, and each of the five answers proposed for the last item, which deals with usual walking speed, has a coefficient ranging from 1 to 5. The score is calculated as the sum of the values for the first three questionnaire items, minus one, multiplied by the coefficient of the final questionnaire item (walking speed). The WELCH score ranges from 0 to 100, with zero indicating a patient who can only walk for 30 seconds when walking slowly and who usually walks much slower than his or her relatives, friends, or people of the same age. A score of 100 would indicate a patient who can walk three hours or more, even when walking fast, and who usually walks faster than his or her relatives, friends, or people of the same age.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>All analyses were carried out with SPSS version 17 (IBM, Chicago, IL). The Gaussian distribution and the homogeneity of variance of the data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests. Validity was determined by measuring the concurrent validity. Since a non-Gaussian distribution was observed, the relationship between the WELCH score and walking impairment (claudication onset distance and total walking distance) on the treadmill test was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Internal consistency, measured by Cronbach&#8217;s alpha, and test&#8211;retest reliability, analyzed with the intraclass coefficient of correlation and Bland-Altman limits of agreement, were calculated to determine the reliability of the WELCH. Values are presented as mean &#177; standard deviation for quantitative variables and as frequency for categorical variables. The level of significance for all inferential analyses was set at p &lt; 0.05. </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>The characteristics of the patients are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Table 1</xref>. They were mostly elderly (64.8 &#177; 8.8 years), male (77%), and hypertensive (86%).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t01">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Characteristics of the patients</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>Variable</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center"/>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>Age (yrs)</td>
              <td align="center">64.8 &#177; 8.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Men (%)</td>
              <td align="center">77.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Weight (kg)</td>
              <td align="center">72.8 &#177; 10.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Body mass index (kg/m2)</td>
              <td align="center">25.9 &#177; 3.3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Ankle-brachial index</td>
              <td align="center">0.61 &#177; 0.13</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Risk factors</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Previous smoking (%)</td>
              <td align="center">69</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Current smoking (%)</td>
              <td align="center">22</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Hypertension (%)</td>
              <td align="center">86</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Diabetes mellitus (%)</td>
              <td align="center">40</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Dyslipidemia (%)</td>
              <td align="center">87</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Obesity (%)</td>
              <td align="center">13</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Walking capacity</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Claudication onset distance</td>
              <td align="center">156 &#177; 113</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total walking distance</td>
              <td align="center">397 &#177; 210</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Questionnaire</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>WELCH score</td>
              <td align="center">24 &#177; 21</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN01">
            <p>Values are presented as mean &#177; standard deviation and frequency.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The mean WELCH score was 24 &#177; 21. The mean claudication onset distance and total walking distance were 156 &#177; 113 m and 397 &#177; 210 m, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the WELCH score and the claudication onset distance (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1A</xref>; r = 0.64, p = 0.01) and total walking distance (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1B</xref>; r = 0.61, p = 0.01).</p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Scatterplots of the WELCH score versus claudication onset distance (A) and the WELCH score versus total walking distance (B).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-106-01-0049-60004-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>The internal consistency for the total WELCH score was 0.84, showing a sufficient homogeneity. The test&#8211;retest analysis indicated an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.84 and a satisfactory agreement (bias = -3.11 &#177; 6.23 n.u; 95% limits of agreement: -22.92 to 16.69), with only 4.7% of the subjects out of the limits of agreement (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>). </p>
      <fig id="f02">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Bland and Altman plot of the total WELCH score (N = 17).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-106-01-0049-60004-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The main finding of this study was that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the WELCH presented adequate validity and reliability indicators in a sample of Brazilian patients. This finding suggests that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the WELCH questionnaire could be useful to evaluate walking impairment in Brazilian patients with IC.</p>
      <p>Although several questionnaires have been developed to assess walking impairment in patients with IC, the WELCH has been shown to be simpler and easy to score compared with others questionnaires.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> For concurrent validity (total WELCH score compared with treadmill testing) the Brazilian Portuguese WELCH score correlated significantly with the claudication onset distance (r = 0.64) and total walking distance (r = 0.61) obtained from a graded treadmill test. These coefficients are greater than those previously reported for the PAVK-86 questionnaire (r = -0.47),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> physical functioning subscale of the SF-36 questionnaire (r = 0.31)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> and three domains (distance, velocity, and stairs) of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) (r = 0.30&#8211;0.43), validated in Brazilian patients with IC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
				</p>
      <p>The moderate positive correlation observed between the Brazilian Portuguese WELCH score and objectively measured walking capacity results was similar to the coefficients observed in the original French version (r = 0.61),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> which included a different constant-load treadmill protocol (constant load 3.2 km/h and 10% gradient for 15 minutes), and to the English version of the WELCH questionnaire (r = 0.59),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> which included the same treadmill protocol (Gardner-Skinner) used in this study. Thus, the WELCH score seems to present a moderate association with a variety of walking tests, providing information regarding different patterns of ambulation. However, it should be highlighted that in the English version of the WELCH, Tew et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> found a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82) between the WELCH score and the six-minute walking test performance, indicating that the WELCH questionnaire may correlate better with tests that simulate physical activities during daily life.</p>
      <p>The reliability of the WELCH in this study was determined with calculations of internal consistency and test&#8211;retest reliability. First, the internal consistency was 0.84 for the Brazilian Portuguese WELCH score, implying sufficient homogeneity of this questionnaire. Second, test&#8211;retest reliability analyzed by the intraclass coefficient correlation of the Brazilian Portuguese WELCH score was 0.84. In addition to the intraclass coefficient of correlation, we applied in our study the Bland-Altman limits of agreement method. In this analysis, we found satisfactory agreement (bias = -3.11 &#177; 6.23 n.u; 95% limit of agreement: -22.92 to 16.69), with only 4.7% of the subjects out of the limits of agreement. Taken together, these results indicate adequate reliability indicators in the Brazilian Portuguese WELCH in patients with IC. </p>
      <p>PAD affects approximately 10.5% of the Brazilian population aged more than 18 years,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> and assessment of walking capacity in these patients is useful to identify the presence of walking impairment. The practical application of the current study is that the Brazilian Portuguese WELCH version presents adequate validity and reliability indicators, and consequently, can be used in the clinical setting in Brazilian locations where the treadmill test cannot be performed. It is important to note that due to the low educational levels in patients who utilize the public health system, our version of the questionnaire uses an interview format, which is different than the self-completed format of other WELCH versions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> Thus, in order to obtain similar results to those described in this study, the Brazilian Portuguese WELCH version should be applied using an interview format.</p>
      <p>This study has some limitations. Its sample included patients with Fontaine Stage II PAD. Thus, the results cannot be extrapolated to patients at other stages of the disease (asymptomatic, stages III and IV). Our patients were already familiarized with the treadmill test since the test is routinely used in all patients with IC in our hospital. Thus, we cannot generalize our results to patients who do not have experience with objective measurements. Brazil is a country of continental dimensions and a diverse population. As such, the version of the WELCH that was translated in this study may not be valid for Brazilians from regions other than where the study was performed. Finally, the WELCH score was compared only with walking distances measured in a laboratory, whereas self-reporting tools appear to correlate better with community-based walking capacity tests, such as the six-minute walking test.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
				</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>The Brazilian Portuguese version of the WELCH presents adequate validity and reliability indicators, which supports its application to Brazilian patients with IC.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of Post Doctoral submitted by Gabriel Grizzo Cucato, from Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <app-group>
      <app id="app01">
        <label>Anexo</label>
        <p>Por favor, responda a cada um dos 4 itens seguintes, colocando um &#8220;X&#8221; no quadrado que melhor descreve a sua situa&#231;&#227;o. Por favor, marque apenas um quadrado por item. Se voc&#234; nunca executa a atividade, estime com seria se voc&#234; a realizasse. Para os primeiros 3 itens, se voc&#234; acha que n&#227;o &#233; capaz de realizar a tarefa especifica por pelo menos 30 segundos sem parar para descansar, por favor responda &#8220;imposs&#237;vel&#8221;.</p>
        <p>Para cada uma das tr&#234;s atividades seguintes, por quanto tempo voc&#234; consegue, com facilidade, executar a tarefa em terreno plano e sem parar, quando voc&#234; est&#225;...</p>
        <p>1/ ...andando devagar (mais devagar que a velocidade usual de seus parentes, amigos, ou outras pessoas de sua idade)?</p>
        <table-wrap id="t02">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Imposs&#237;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>30 segundos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>1 minuto</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>3 minutos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>10 minutos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>30 minutos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>1 hora</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>3 horas ou mais</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>X</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
                <td align="center">4</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>2/ ...andando normalmente (velocidade igual &#224; velocidade usual de seus parentes, amigos, ou outras pessoas de sua idade)?</p>
        <table-wrap id="t03">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Imposs&#237;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>30 segundos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>1 minuto</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>3 minutos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>10 minutos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>30 minutos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>1 hora</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>3 horas ou mais</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>X</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
                <td align="center">4</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>3/ ...andando rapidamente (mais r&#225;pido que a velocidade usual de seus parentes, amigos, ou outras pessoas de sua idade)?</p>
        <table-wrap id="t04">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Imposs&#237;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>30 segundos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>1 minuto</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>3 minutos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>10 minutos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>30 minutos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>1 hora</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>3 horas ou mais</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>X</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
                <td align="center">4</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Em compara&#231;&#227;o com a velocidade de caminhada habitual de seus parentes, amigos ou pessoas de sua idade, voc&#234; acha que voc&#234;, pessoalmente, costuma andar... (assinalar apenas 1 op&#231;&#227;o)</p>
        <table-wrap id="t05">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th>Mutio mais devagar</th>
                <th align="center"/>
                <th align="center">1</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Moderadamente mais devagar</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>X</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Um pouquinho mais devagar</td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center">3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Na mesma velocidade</td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center">4</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Muito Obrigado: Por favor, certifique-se de que assinalou uma op&#231;&#227;o em cada item.</p>
        <boxed-text>
          <p>Escore WELCH = [(4 + 3 + 1) &#8211; 1] x 2 = 14</p>
        </boxed-text>
      </app>
    </app-group>
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            <given-names>Alu&#237;sio Henrique de Andrade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff08">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ritti-Dias</surname>
            <given-names>Raphael Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wolosker</surname>
            <given-names>Nelson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff05">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff06">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff07">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Pernambuco</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Superior de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Superior de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica &#8211; Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de Pernambuco</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff08">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica e Esporte</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica e Esporte da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Gabriel Grizzo Cucato,</bold> Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Avenida Albert Einstein, 627/701, sala 423, bloco A1, Morumbi. CEP 05652-900, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>gacucato@gmail.com</email>
					</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Cucato GG, Wolosker N; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Cucato GG, Correia MA, Farah BQ, Lima AHA; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Cucato GG, Lima AHA, Ritti-Dias RM; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Cucato GG, Correia MA, Farah BQ, Saes GF, Lima AHA, Ritti-Dias RM, Wolosker N; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Cucato GG, Correia MA, Farah BQ, Saes GF, Lima AHA, Ritti-Dias RM, Wolosker N.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>O question&#225;rio <italic>Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History (WELCH)</italic> foi proposto para avaliar o comprometimento da marcha em pacientes com claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente (CI), apresentando propriedades psicom&#233;tricas satisfat&#243;rias. No entanto, n&#227;o h&#225; ainda uma vers&#227;o dispon&#237;vel em portugu&#234;s brasileiro, o que reduz seu uso em pacientes brasileiros.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Analisar as propriedades psicom&#233;tricas de uma vers&#227;o do WELCH traduzida para o portugu&#234;s brasileiro em pacientes brasileiros com CI.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Oitenta e quatro pacientes com CI participaram do estudo. Ap&#243;s tradu&#231;&#227;o e retrotradu&#231;&#227;o realizadas por dois tradutores independentes, a validade de constructo do WELCH foi analisada atrav&#233;s da correla&#231;&#227;o dos escores do question&#225;rio com a capacidade de caminhada obtida com o teste de esteira (protocolo de Gardner). Para determinar a confiabilidade do WELCH, foram calculadas a consist&#234;ncia interna e a confiabilidade teste&#8211;reteste com um intervalo de sete dias entre as aplica&#231;&#245;es dos dois question&#225;rios.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Foram observadas correla&#231;&#245;es positivas significativas entre o escore WELCH e a dist&#226;ncia at&#233; in&#237;cio da claudica&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 1A</xref>; r = 0,64, p = 0,01) e dist&#226;ncia total de caminhada (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 1B</xref>; r = 0,61, p = 0,01). A consist&#234;ncia interna foi de 0,84, enquanto que o coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse entre a avalia&#231;&#227;o dos question&#225;rios foi de 0,84. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as nos escores de WELCH entre as aplica&#231;&#245;es dos dois question&#225;rios.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>A vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s brasileiro do WELCH apresenta indicadores adequados de validade e confiabilidade, permitindo seu uso em pacientes brasileiros com CI.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-Chave:</title>
        <kwd>Question&#225;rio</kwd>
        <kwd>Marcha</kwd>
        <kwd>Caminhada</kwd>
        <kwd>Claudica&#231;&#227;o Intermitente</kwd>
        <kwd>Valor Preditivo dos Testes</kwd>
        <kwd>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Defici&#234;ncia</kwd>
        <kwd>Brasil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica (DAP) afeta aproximadamente 202 milh&#245;es de pessoas no mundo, contribuindo para a morbidade e mortalidade global geral.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> No Brasil, a DAP acomete aproximadamente 10,5% da popula&#231;&#227;o com idade acima dos 18 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> A claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente (CI), o principal sintoma da DAP, afeta aproximadamente um ter&#231;o destes pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> A CI &#233; descrita como uma c&#227;ibra, dor, ou cansa&#231;o que afeta os membros inferiores durante a caminhada e &#233; aliviada com descanso por um curto per&#237;odo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> Esses sintomas comprometem a capacidade de marcha, aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref> e qualidade de vida desses pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>
					</p>
        <p>A capacidade de marcha tem sido utilizada como um desfecho cl&#237;nico importante em pacientes com CI,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> e os testes de caminhada, incluindo o teste escalonado em esteira, t&#234;m sido considerados padr&#227;o-ouro nesta avalia&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> No entanto, como os testes de caminhada s&#227;o mais demorados e requerem instala&#231;&#245;es adequadas, eles n&#227;o s&#227;o frequentemente utilizados em situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas. Portanto, o uso de m&#233;todos f&#225;ceis e r&#225;pidos, tais como question&#225;rios, tem sido proposto para avaliar a capacidade funcional em pacientes com CI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
					</p>
        <p>O <italic>Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History</italic> (WELCH) foi recentemente proposto como um novo e simples question&#225;rio de quatro itens de f&#225;cil marca&#231;&#227;o para avaliar o comprometimento da marcha em pacientes com CI. Embora o question&#225;rio WELCH tenha sido validado em outros idiomas,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> ele ainda n&#227;o foi traduzido e validado para a l&#237;ngua portuguesa, limitando o seu uso em pacientes brasileiros com CI. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as propriedades psicom&#233;tricas de uma vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s brasileiro do question&#225;rio WELCH em pacientes com CI.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Amostra</title>
          <p>No total, 100 pacientes de ambos os sexos com sintomas de CI foram recrutados por amostragem de conveni&#234;ncia a partir da Unidade Vascular do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo. Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o foram: (a) idade &#8805; 50 anos; (b) DAP est&#225;gio II em um ou ambos os membros inferiores, de acordo com a classifica&#231;&#227;o de Fontaine<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>; c) habilidade de caminhar em uma esteira por pelo menos dois minutos a 3,2 km/h e 0% de inclina&#231;&#227;o; d) limita&#231;&#245;es ao teste da esteira devido a sintomas de CI. Pacientes com &#237;ndice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) &gt; 1,30 e/ou art&#233;rias n&#227;o-compress&#237;veis em ambos os lados foram exclu&#237;dos. Oitenta e quatro pacientes reuniram todos os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e participaram do estudo.</p>
          <p>O Conselho de Revis&#227;o Institucional (processo: 1973&#8209;14) aprovou este estudo, que foi realizado de acordo com princ&#237;pios internacionais de &#233;tica em conformidade com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki. Todos os pacientes forneceram consentimento por escrito para participar do estudo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Desenho do estudo</title>
          <p>Ap&#243;s os procedimentos de tradu&#231;&#227;o e retrotradu&#231;&#227;o, a vers&#227;o do question&#225;rio em portugu&#234;s brasileiro foi testada em todos os pacientes com CI. Foram obtidos ainda a hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica, o ITB<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> e a capacidade de caminhada avaliada com o teste escalonado em esteira de Gardner-Skinner.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> A fim de analisar a confiabilidade do teste&#8211;reteste do question&#225;rio WELCH em portugu&#234;s, uma subamostra de 17 pacientes foi reavaliada com um intervalo de sete dias, usando os mesmos procedimentos da primeira avalia&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Tradu&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio WELCH</title>
          <p>A tradu&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio foi realizada por um profissional qualificado especialista em tradu&#231;&#245;es cujo idioma nativo &#233; o portugu&#234;s brasileiro, e que possui flu&#234;ncia em ingl&#234;s e experi&#234;ncia na tradu&#231;&#227;o de manuscritos na &#225;rea m&#233;dica. O tradutor foi informado do prop&#243;sito do estudo e da popula&#231;&#227;o-alvo &#224; qual o question&#225;rio seria aplicado. Al&#233;m disso, o tradutor foi aconselhado a realizar uma tradu&#231;&#227;o sem&#226;ntica e n&#227;o apenas literal, bem como a utilizar palavras que causariam o mesmo impacto em nosso contexto cultural, visando a reprodu&#231;&#227;o da mesma resposta emocional.</p>
          <p>Ap&#243;s tradu&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio, a fase de teste foi realizada, avaliando a compreens&#227;o do question&#225;rio por indiv&#237;duos com CI. Para isso, foi selecionada uma amostra adicional de 30 pacientes com CI (que n&#227;o haviam participado no processo de determina&#231;&#227;o da validade e confiabilidade). Nesta fase, os indiv&#237;duos com CI foram solicitados a comentar sobre as perguntas do question&#225;rio, apontar dificuldades e sugerir termos mais f&#225;ceis de serem entendidos. Com base nos coment&#225;rios dos pacientes, o question&#225;rio foi ent&#227;o reanalisado por um profissional da &#225;rea de sa&#250;de que introduziu pequenas altera&#231;&#245;es para melhorar a sua compreens&#227;o. Posteriormente, o question&#225;rio foi submetido &#224; retrotradu&#231;&#227;o para o ingl&#234;s por um outro tradutor bil&#237;ngue que, da mesma maneira que o primeiro, tamb&#233;m era um profissional especialista qualificado em tradu&#231;&#245;es cujo idioma nativo era o portugu&#234;s brasileiro, e que tamb&#233;m era fluente em ingl&#234;s e tinha experi&#234;ncia na tradu&#231;&#227;o de manuscritos na &#225;rea m&#233;dica, tanto para o portugu&#234;s quanto para o ingl&#234;s. &#201; importante mencionar que o tradutor respons&#225;vel pela retrotradu&#231;&#227;o estava cego para a vers&#227;o original do WELCH em ingl&#234;s.</p>
          <p>Os autores ent&#227;o avaliaram as vers&#245;es traduzidas e retrotraduzidas atrav&#233;s de compara&#231;&#245;es com o texto original para corre&#231;&#227;o de discrep&#226;ncias e cria&#231;&#227;o de uma vers&#227;o de consenso. Para cria&#231;&#227;o dessa vers&#227;o, foi tomado cuidado quanto &#224; preserva&#231;&#227;o das equival&#234;ncias sem&#226;nticas (palavras com o mesmo significado) e idiom&#225;ticas (g&#237;rias e express&#245;es coloquiais equivalentes), para apresenta&#231;&#227;o de um vocabul&#225;rio simples e direto.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Question&#225;rio WELCH</title>
          <p>As respostas do question&#225;rio WELCH foram preenchidas atrav&#233;s de entrevistas e atribu&#237;das escores como descrito previamente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> Sucintamente, cada uma das oito respostas aos tr&#234;s primeiros itens do question&#225;rio tem um valor que varia de 0 a 7, e cada uma das cinco respostas propostas para o &#250;ltimo item que diz respeito &#224; velocidade habitual de caminhada tem um coeficiente que varia de 1 a 5. O escore &#233; calculado atrav&#233;s da soma dos valores para os tr&#234;s primeiros itens do question&#225;rio menos um, multiplicado pelo coeficiente do item final do question&#225;rio (velocidade de caminhada). O escore do WELCH varia de 0 a 100, com zero indicando um paciente que pode deambular por 30 segundos quando caminha lentamente e que geralmente caminha muito mais lentamente do que seus parentes, amigos, ou pessoas da mesma idade. Um escore de 100 indica um paciente que pode caminhar por tr&#234;s horas ou mais, mesmo quando caminhando r&#225;pido, e que geralmente caminha mais r&#225;pido do que seus parentes, amigos, ou pessoas da mesma idade.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Todas as an&#225;lises foram realizadas com SPSS vers&#227;o 17 (IBM, Chicago, IL). A distribui&#231;&#227;o Gaussiana e a homogeneidade da vari&#226;ncia dos dados foram analisadas usando os testes de Shapiro-Wilk e Levene. A validade foi determinada pela medida da validade de constructo. Como uma distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o-Gaussiana foi observada, a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o escore de WELCH e o comprometimento da marcha (dist&#226;ncia at&#233; o in&#237;cio da claudica&#231;&#227;o e dist&#226;ncia total de caminhada) no teste da esteira foi analisada com o coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o de Spearman. A consist&#234;ncia interna, medida com o alfa de Cronbach, e a confiabilidade teste&#8209;reteste, estimada com o coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse e com os limites de concord&#226;ncia de Bland&#8209;Altman, foram calculados para determinar a confiabilidade do WELCH. Os valores s&#227;o apresentados como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o para vari&#225;veis quantitativas e como frequ&#234;ncia para vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia para todas as an&#225;lises inferenciais foi fixado em p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas principais dos pacientes est&#227;o mostradas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t06">Tabela 1</xref>. Eles eram em sua maioria idosos (64,8 &#177; 8,8 anos), homens (77%) e hipertensos (86%).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t06">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center"/>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">64,8 &#177; 8,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Homens (%)</td>
                <td align="center">77,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Peso (kg)</td>
                <td align="center">72,8 &#177; 10,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#205;ndice de massa corporal (kg/m2)</td>
                <td align="center">25,9 &#177; 3,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#205;ndice tornozelo-braquial</td>
                <td align="center">0,61 &#177; 0,13</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Fatores de risco</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tabagismo pr&#233;vio (%)</td>
                <td align="center">69</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tabagismo atual (%)</td>
                <td align="center">22</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipertens&#227;o (%)</td>
                <td align="center">86</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diabetes mellitus (%)</td>
                <td align="center">40</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dislipidemia (%)</td>
                <td align="center">87</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Obesidade (%)</td>
                <td align="center">13</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Capacidade de caminhada</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dist&#226;ncia at&#233; in&#237;cio da claudica&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">156 &#177; 113</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dist&#226;ncia total de caminhada</td>
                <td align="center">397 &#177; 210</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Question&#225;rio</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Escore WELCH</td>
                <td align="center">24 &#177; 21</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN02">
              <p>Os valores s&#227;o apresentados como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio-padr&#227;o e frequ&#234;ncia.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>O escore WELCH m&#233;dio foi de 24 &#177; 21. A dist&#226;ncia m&#233;dia at&#233; in&#237;cio da claudica&#231;&#227;o e a dist&#226;ncia total de caminhada foram de 156 &#177; 113 m e 397 &#177; 210 m, respectivamente. Houve uma correla&#231;&#227;o positiva significativa entre o escore WELCH e a dist&#226;ncia at&#233; o in&#237;cio da claudica&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 1A</xref>; r = 0,64, p = 0,01) e dist&#226;ncia total de caminhada (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 1B</xref>; r = 0,61, p = 0,01).</p>
        <fig id="f03">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Gr&#225;ficos de dispers&#227;o do escore WELCH versus a dist&#226;ncia at&#233; in&#237;cio da claudica&#231;&#227;o (A) e o escore WELCH versus a dist&#226;ncia total de caminhada (B).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-106-01-0049-60004-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <p>A consist&#234;ncia interna para o escore WELCH total foi de 0,84, mostrando homogeneidade suficiente. A an&#225;lise de teste&#8209;reteste indicou um coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse de 0,84 e uma concord&#226;ncia satisfat&#243;ria (vi&#233;s = -3,11 &#177; 6,23 n.u; limites de concord&#226;ncia de 95%: -22,92 a 16,69), com apenas 4,7% dos indiv&#237;duos fora dos limites de concord&#226;ncia (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f04">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Plotagem de Bland e Altman do escore WELCH total (N = 17).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-106-01-0049-60004-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>O principal achado deste estudo foi que a vers&#227;o do WELCH em portugu&#234;s brasileiro apresentou indicadores adequados de validade e confiabilidade em uma amostra de pacientes brasileiros. Este achado sugere que a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s brasileiro do question&#225;rio WELCH poderia ser &#250;til para avaliar o comprometimento da marcha em pacientes brasileiros com CI.</p>
        <p>Embora v&#225;rios question&#225;rios t&#234;m sido desenvolvidos para avaliar o comprometimento da marcha em pacientes com CI, o WELCH tem sido demonstrado ser mais simples e de f&#225;cil marca&#231;&#227;o em compara&#231;&#227;o aos outros question&#225;rios.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> Para validade de constructo (escore WELCH em compara&#231;&#227;o ao teste de esteira) o escore WELCH em portugu&#234;s brasileiro correlacionou significativamente com a dist&#226;ncia at&#233; o in&#237;cio da claudica&#231;&#227;o (r = 0,64) e dist&#226;ncia total de caminhada (r = 0,61) obtidos a partir de um teste escalonado em esteira. Estes coeficientes s&#227;o maiores do que os reportados previamente para o question&#225;rio PAVK-86,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> subescala de funcionamento f&#237;sico do question&#225;rio SF-36 (r = 0,31)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> e tr&#234;s dom&#237;nios (dist&#226;ncia, velocidade e escadas) da vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s brasileiro do <italic>Walking Impairment Questionnaire</italic> (WIQ) (r = 0,30&#8211;0,43), validados em pacientes brasileiros com CI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
					</p>
        <p>A correla&#231;&#227;o positiva moderada observada entre o escore de WELCH em portugu&#234;s brasileiro e os resultados da capacidade de caminhada medidos objetivamente foram semelhantes aos coeficientes observados nas vers&#245;es francesas originais (r = 0,61)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> que realizaram um protocolo de esteira diferente com carga constante (carga constante 3,2 km/h e gradiente de 10% por 15 minutos) e na vers&#227;o inglesa do question&#225;rio WELCH (r = 0,59),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> na qual foi realizado o mesmo protocolo de esteira (Gardner-Skinner) deste estudo. Sendo assim, o escore de WELCH parece apresentar uma associa&#231;&#227;o moderada com uma variedade de testes de caminhada, fornecendo informa&#231;&#227;o sobre padr&#245;es diferentes de deambula&#231;&#227;o. Por&#233;m, deve-se ressaltar que na vers&#227;o do WELCH em ingl&#234;s, Tew et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> encontraram uma forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva (r = 0,82) entre o escore WELCH e o desempenho no teste de caminhada de seis minutos, indicando que o question&#225;rio WELCH deve correlacionar melhor com testes que simulam atividades f&#237;sicas da vida di&#225;ria.</p>
        <p>Para determinar a confiabilidade do WELCH neste estudo, a consist&#234;ncia interna e a confiabilidade teste&#8209;reteste foram calculadas. Primeiro, a consist&#234;ncia interna foi de 0,84 para o escore WELCH em portugu&#234;s brasileiro, indicando que o question&#225;rio tem homogeneidade suficiente. Segundo, a confiabilidade teste&#8209;reteste analisada pelo coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse do escore WELCH em portugu&#234;s brasileiro foi de 0,84. Al&#233;m do coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse, n&#243;s aplicamos em nosso estudo os limites de concord&#226;ncia do m&#233;todo de Bland-Altman. Encontramos nesta an&#225;lise uma concord&#226;ncia satisfat&#243;ria (vi&#233;s = -3,11 &#177; 6,23 n.u; limite de concord&#226;ncia de 95%: -22,92 a 16,69), com apenas 4,7% dos indiv&#237;duos fora dos limites de concord&#226;ncia. Considerando em conjunto, estes resultados mostram indicadores de confiabilidade adequados na vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s brasileiro do WELCH em pacientes com CI.</p>
        <p>A DAP afeta aproximadamente 10,5% da popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira com idade acima dos 18 anos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> e a avalia&#231;&#227;o da capacidade de marcha nestes pacientes &#233; &#250;til para identificar a presen&#231;a de comprometimento na caminhada. A aplica&#231;&#227;o pr&#225;tica do estudo atual &#233; que a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s brasileiro do WELCH apresenta indicadores adequados de validade e confiabilidade e pode consequentemente ser utilizada em situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas em locais brasileiros nos quais o teste da esteira n&#227;o pode ser executado. &#201; importante observar que devido ao baixo n&#237;vel educacional dos pacientes que utilizam o sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de, a nossa vers&#227;o do question&#225;rio utilizou um formato de entrevista, que &#233; um formato diferente do de auto-preenchimento que tem sido utilizado em outras vers&#245;es do WELCH.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> Assim, a fim de obter resultados semelhantes aos descritos neste estudo, a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s brasileiro do WELCH deve ser aplicada com utiliza&#231;&#227;o do formato de entrevista.</p>
        <p>Este estudo tem algumas limita&#231;&#245;es. A sua amostra incluiu pacientes com DAP est&#225;gio II na classifica&#231;&#227;o de Fontaine. Assim, os resultados n&#227;o podem ser extrapolados para pacientes em outros est&#225;gios da doen&#231;a (assintom&#225;ticos, est&#225;gios III e IV). Nossos pacientes j&#225; estavam familiarizados com o teste da esteira, j&#225; que o teste &#233; utilizado rotineiramente em todos os pacientes com CI em nosso hospital. Assim, n&#243;s n&#227;o podemos generalizar nossos resultados para pacientes sem experi&#234;ncia com medi&#231;&#245;es objetivas. O Brasil &#233; um pa&#237;s de dimens&#245;es continentais e com uma popula&#231;&#227;o diversa. Como tal, &#233; poss&#237;vel que a vers&#227;o do WELCH que foi traduzida neste estudo possa n&#227;o ser v&#225;lida para brasileiros em regi&#245;es diferentes da qual o estudo foi realizado. Por &#250;ltimo, o escore de WELCH foi comparado apenas com dist&#226;ncias de caminhada medidas em laborat&#243;rio, enquanto que ferramentas de auto-preenchimento parecem correlacionar melhor com os testes de capacidade de caminhada baseados na comunidade, como o teste de caminhada de seis minutos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
					</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>A vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s brasileiro do WELCH apresenta indicadores adequados de validade e confiabilidade, permitindo seu uso em pacientes brasileiros com CI.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de P&#243;s-Doutorado de Gabriel Grizzo Cucato pelo Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app02">
          <label>Anexo</label>
          <p>Por favor, responda a cada um dos 4 itens seguintes, colocando um &#8220;X&#8221; no quadrado que melhor descreve a sua situa&#231;&#227;o. Por favor, marque apenas um quadrado por item. Se voc&#234; nunca executa a atividade, estime com seria se voc&#234; a realizasse. Para os primeiros 3 itens, se voc&#234; acha que n&#227;o &#233; capaz de realizar a tarefa especifica por pelo menos 30 segundos sem parar para descansar, por favor responda &#8220;imposs&#237;vel&#8221;.</p>
          <p>Para cada uma das tr&#234;s atividades seguintes, por quanto tempo voc&#234; consegue, com facilidade, executar a tarefa em terreno plano e sem parar, quando voc&#234; est&#225;...</p>
          <p>1/ ...andando devagar (mais devagar que a velocidade usual de seus parentes, amigos, ou outras pessoas de sua idade)?</p>
          <table-wrap id="t020">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Imposs&#237;vel</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>30 segundos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>1 minuto</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>3 minutos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>10 minutos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>30 minutos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>1 hora</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>3 horas ou mais</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>X</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">4</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">7</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>2/ ...andando normalmente (velocidade igual &#224; velocidade usual de seus parentes, amigos, ou outras pessoas de sua idade)?</p>
          <table-wrap id="t030">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Imposs&#237;vel</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>30 segundos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>1 minuto</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>3 minutos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>10 minutos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>30 minutos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>1 hora</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>3 horas ou mais</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>X</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">4</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">7</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>3/ ...andando rapidamente (mais r&#225;pido que a velocidade usual de seus parentes, amigos, ou outras pessoas de sua idade)?</p>
          <table-wrap id="t040">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Imposs&#237;vel</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>30 segundos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>1 minuto</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>3 minutos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>10 minutos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>30 minutos</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>1 hora</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>3 horas ou mais</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>X</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">4</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">7</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Em compara&#231;&#227;o com a velocidade de caminhada habitual de seus parentes, amigos ou pessoas de sua idade, voc&#234; acha que voc&#234;, pessoalmente, costuma andar... (assinalar apenas 1 op&#231;&#227;o)</p>
          <table-wrap id="t050">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th>Mutio mais devagar</th>
                  <th align="center"/>
                  <th align="center">1</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderadamente mais devagar</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>X</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Um pouquinho mais devagar</td>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Na mesma velocidade</td>
                  <td align="center"/>
                  <td align="center">4</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Muito Obrigado: Por favor, certifique-se de que assinalou uma op&#231;&#227;o em cada item.</p>
          <boxed-text>
            <p>Escore WELCH = [(4 + 3 + 1) &#8211; 1] x 2 = 14</p>
          </boxed-text>
        </app>
      </app-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
