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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">KbS5K8SYGsYgbw89tJDmkWB</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2015002500642</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20150052</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Resolution of Extensive Coronary Thrombosis under Rivaroxaban Treatment</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yuksel</surname>
            <given-names>Murat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yildiz</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulkadir</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tapan</surname>
            <given-names>Umit</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ertas</surname>
            <given-names>Faruk</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alan</surname>
            <given-names>Sait</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Dicle University</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">School of Medicine</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Cardiology Department</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Diyarbakir</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Dicle University, School of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Diyarbakir - Turkey</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Dicle University</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Boston University</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Medical Center</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hematology/Oncology Department</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Boston</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">United States</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Boston University Medical Center, Hematology/Oncology Department, Boston &#8211; USA</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Boston University</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Murat Yuksel,</bold> Dicle Universitesi Kalp Hastanesi 1.kat Kardiyoloji Anabilimdali, Sur. Postal Code 21280, Diyarbakir &#8211; Turkey. E-mail: <email>myuksel44@yandex.com</email>
					</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research:Yuksel M, Yildiz A. Acquisition of data: Yuksel M, Yildiz A, Ertas F. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Yuksel M, Tapan U, Ertas F. Writing of the manuscript: Yuksel M, Yildiz A, Tapan U. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Yildiz A, Tapan U, Ertas F, Alan S. Supervision / as the major investigador:Yuksel M, Tapan U, Alan S.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>105</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>642</fpage>
      <lpage>646</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Coronary Thrombosis / therapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Anticoagulants</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Coagulation / genetics</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Genetic mutations resulting in a hypercoagulable state are well-defined risk factors for venous thrombosis. However, there are few cases of arterial thrombosis, including coronary thrombosis, in patients with such genetic mutations described in the literature.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Case Report</title>
      <p>A 26-year-old male admitted to the emergency department with a new-onset chest pain for two days. His physical examination was unremarkable. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed biphasic T wave changes in leads V<sub>2-4</sub>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>). The patient had a history of warfarin use for 6 months due to a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) suffered 2 years before. Bedside echocardiogram revealed slight hypokinesis of anterior wall with an ejection fraction of 52%. In laboratory analysis, creatinine kinase-MB and troponin-I levels were slightly elevated (32 ng/ml and 0.44 ng/ml, respectively). The patient was transferred to the coronary care unit with the diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary angiogram revealed multiple segmentary thrombotic foci along the left anterior descending (LAD) artery with Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)-III flow and normal circumflex and right coronary arteries (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2A</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Video 1</xref>). Manual thrombus aspiration or thrombectomy device were not considered because of the widespread nature of thrombosis throughout LAD. Initially, intracoronary tirofiban at a 10-&#181;g/kg dose was given in 3 minutes, followed by 0.15 &#181;g/kg/min intravenous infusion for 24 hours in addition to subcutaneous enoxaparin. Control angiogram revealed slight improvement (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2B</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Video 2</xref>). Then the patient was started on rivaroxaban 20 mg daily, for 8 weeks and control angiogram revealed complete resolution of the thrombus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Videos 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06">4</xref>). Meanwhile, thrombophilia work up resulted in prothrombin gene mutation (homozygous, G20210A) and homozygous mutation in plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) gene [4G/4G]. The patient also had a lupus anticoagulant at the time of initial presentation but did not have anti-cardiolipin antibodies or anti-beta2 glycoprotein-I antibodies. Also, his lupus anticoagulant was negative.</p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Electrocardiogram on admission showing biphasic T wave changes in leads V<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-06-0642-50052-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f02">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Antero-posterior cranial view showing left anterior descending artery <bold>A</bold>. At presentation with widespread thrombotic foci, <bold>B</bold>. After tirofiban infusion with a slight regression of thrombotic foci and C. Complete resolution of thrombotic foci after use of rivaroxaban for 8 weeks.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-06-0642-50052-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f03">
        <label>Video 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Coronary angiogram showing the filling defects throughout the left anterior descending artery on antero-posterior cranial projection at presentation.</title>
        </caption>
        <media mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/KbS5K8SYGsYgbw89tJDmkWB/248b7898d6606dc45b3371a95899804a5b6111a8.mp4"/>
      </fig>
      <fig id="f04">
        <label>Video 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>A slight regressions of thrombotic foci is seen on antero-posterior cranial projection of angiogram after tirofiban infusion.</title>
        </caption>
        <media mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/KbS5K8SYGsYgbw89tJDmkWB/2e9b60bff024f2b2372cc0b6074b11db8b7d2284.mp4"/>
      </fig>
      <fig id="f05">
        <label>Video 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Coronary angiograms demonstrating resolution of extensive thrombotic foci in left anterior descending artery on antero-posterior cranial projection after use of rivaroxaban for 8 weeks.</title>
        </caption>
        <media mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/KbS5K8SYGsYgbw89tJDmkWB/040bc4b321a0c9f92e397fd83b5f74e99c3fda34.mp4"/>
      </fig>
      <fig id="f06">
        <label>Video 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Coronary angiograms demonstrating resolution of extensive thrombotic foci in left anterior descending artery on right cranial projection after use of rivaroxaban for 8 weeks.</title>
        </caption>
        <media mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/KbS5K8SYGsYgbw89tJDmkWB/aebd47b2d5e948155750beaf254e063dd4e81fb9.mp4"/>
      </fig>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The key clinical feature in this case is identifying the cause of the extensive coronary thrombosis in such a young man. We concentrated on thrombophilia because the patient had a history of DVT without any predisposing cause.</p>
      <p>The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) level is crucial in the regulation of plasminogen activity and high levels of PAI-1 are associated with a pro-thrombotic state. A common guanosine insertion/deletion gene polymorphism of 4G/5G located at the 675<sup>th</sup> base pair upstream of the start point of translation regulates PAI-1 levels. Homozygosity for the deletion genotype (4G/4G) has been shown to cause higher levels of PAI-1 compared to 4G/5G genotype<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. The clinical significance of homozygous PAI-1 mutation by itself is not clear, but there are reports suggesting increased frequency of thrombotic events when found together with other pro-thrombotic situations<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. The association between prothrombin gene mutation and thrombosis is well established; this mutation confers a 2.8 fold increase in the thrombotic risk.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref> Our patient had a history of DVT 2 years prior to this presentation, suggesting his tendency to develop thrombosis. After obtaining the results of hypercoagulable work up, we felt imperative to treat him with an anticoagulant acutely as well as for lifelong. Rivaroxaban, a direct factor-Xa inhibitor approved for venous thromboembolism treatment/prevention, was chosen because of its easy administration compared to the subcutaneous and intravenous forms of heparin products and quick action and fewer drug interactions compared to warfarin.</p>
      <p>This case stands as the first report of a patient presenting with acute coronary syndrome caused by widespread non-occlusive thrombotic foci in coronary artery due to prothrombin gene mutation and/or PAI-1 mutation. Additive effects of hypercoagulable states are well known and this case reiterates that fact with an unprovoked venous thrombosis and a widespread arterial thrombotic episode in a young patient showing no other known risk factors for arterial or venous thrombosis. It also highlights the importance of hypercoagulable work up in such patients.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>We demonstrated successful resolution of the widespread coronary thrombosis with rivaroxaban 20 mg daily, which was important to confirm the non-atherosclerotic nature of the occlusion.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Resolu&#231;&#227;o de Trombose Coron&#225;ria Extensa com Tratamento com Rivaroxabana</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Murat</surname>
            <given-names>Yuksel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yildiz</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulkadir</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tapan</surname>
            <given-names>Umit</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ertas</surname>
            <given-names>Faruk</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alan</surname>
            <given-names>Sait</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Dicle</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Diyarbakir</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Dicle, Diyarbakir &#8211; Turquia</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Dicle University</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Boston</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro M&#233;dico</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Hematologia/Oncologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Boston</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">United States</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Hematologia/Oncologia do Centro M&#233;dico da Universidade de Boston, Boston &#8211; EUA</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Boston University</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Murat Yuksel</bold> Dicle Universitesi Kalp Hastanesi 1.kat Kardiyoloji Anabilimdali, CEP 21280, Diyarbakir &#8211; Turquia. E-mail: <email>myuksel44@yandex.com</email>
					</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Trombose Coron&#225;ria / terapia</kwd>
        <kwd>Anticoagulantes</kwd>
        <kwd>Coagula&#231;&#227;o Sangu&#237;nea / gen&#233;tica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Muta&#231;&#245;es gen&#233;ticas que resultam em estado de hipercoagulabilidade s&#227;o um fator de risco bem definido para trombose venosa. Na literatura, entretanto, s&#227;o descritos poucos casos de trombose arterial, incluindo trombose coron&#225;ria, em pacientes com tais muta&#231;&#245;es gen&#233;ticas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Relato do Caso</title>
        <p>Paciente do sexo masculino, 26 anos de idade, admitido no pronto socorro com queixa de aparecimento de dor precordial h&#225; 2 dias. Ao exame f&#237;sico, n&#227;o havia nada digno de nota. O eletrocardiograma (ECG) mostrou altera&#231;&#245;es de onda T bif&#225;sica nas deriva&#231;&#245;es V<sub>2-4</sub> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f07">Figura 1</xref>). O paciente tinha antecedente de uso de varfarina durante 6 meses por trombose venosa profunda (TVP) 2 anos antes. O ecocardiograma &#224; beira do leito mostrou leve hipocinesia da parede anterior, com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de 52%. Os exames laboratoriais revelaram n&#237;veis de creatinoquinase-MB e troponina-I levemente aumentados (32 ng/ml e 0,44 ng/ml, respectivamente). O paciente foi transferido para a unidade coronariana com o diagn&#243;stico de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST. A coronariografia mostrou m&#250;ltiplos focos tromb&#243;ticos segmentares ao longo da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda (DAE) com fluxo TIMI-III ( <italic>Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction</italic> ) e art&#233;rias circunflexa e coron&#225;ria direita normais <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f08">(Figura 2A</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f09">V&#237;deo 1</xref>). N&#227;o foram considerados aspira&#231;&#227;o manual dos trombos ou dispositivo de trombectomia por causa da natureza difusa da trombose por toda a DAE. Inicialmente, foi administrada tirofibana intracoron&#225;ria na dose de 10 g/kg durante 3 minutos, seguida de infus&#227;o intravenosa a 0,15 &#181;g/kg/min por 24 horas, associada a enoxaparina subcut&#226;nea. O angiograma de controle mostrou discreta melhora (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f08">Figura 2B</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">V&#237;deo 2</xref>). Foi introduzida rivaroxabana 20 mg por dia, por 8 semanas, e a coronariografia de controle mostrou resolu&#231;&#227;o completa do trombo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f08">Figura 2C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f11">V&#237;deos 3</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f12">4</xref>). Paralelamente, a pesquisa de trombofilia mostrou muta&#231;&#227;o no gene da protrombina (homozig&#243;tica, G20210A) e muta&#231;&#227;o homozig&#243;tica no inibidor do ativador do plasminog&#234;nio tipo-1 (PAI-1) [4G/4G]. Nos exames iniciais o paciente tamb&#233;m apresentou anticoagulante l&#250;pico, mas n&#227;o anticorpos anticardiolipina, nem anticorpos anti-beta-2-glicoprote&#237;na-I. Al&#233;m disso, seu anticoagulante l&#250;pico foi negativo.</p>
        <fig id="f07">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Eletrocardiograma &#224; admiss&#227;o, mostrando altera&#231;&#245;es de onda T bif&#225;sicas nas deriva&#231;&#245;es V<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-06-0642-50052-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f08">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Vista cranial anteroposterior, mostrando a art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda <bold>A</bold>. &#192; admiss&#227;o, com focos tromb&#243;ticos difusos, <bold>B</bold>. Ap&#243;s infus&#227;o de tirofibana, com discreta regress&#227;o dos focos tromb&#243;ticos e <bold>C</bold>. Resolu&#231;&#227;o completa dos focos tromb&#243;ticos ap&#243;s uso de rivaroxabana por 8 semanas.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-06-0642-50052-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f09">
          <label>V&#237;deo 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Coronariografia inicial mostrando falhas de enchimento ao longo da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda em proje&#231;&#227;o anteroposterior cranial. Acesse o v&#237;deo atrav&#233;s do link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/2015/10506/edicaoatual.asp">http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/2015/10506/edicaoatual.asp</ext-link>
							</title>
          </caption>
          <media mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/KbS5K8SYGsYgbw89tJDmkWB/248b7898d6606dc45b3371a95899804a5b6111a8.mp4"/>
        </fig>
        <fig id="f10">
          <label>V&#237;deo 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Observa-se ligeira regress&#227;o dos focos tromb&#243;ticos em proje&#231;&#227;o anteroposterior da coronariografia ap&#243;s infus&#227;o de tirofibana. Acesse o v&#237;deo atrav&#233;s do link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/2015/10506/edicaoatual.asp">http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/2015/10506/edicaoatual.asp</ext-link>
							</title>
          </caption>
          <media mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/KbS5K8SYGsYgbw89tJDmkWB/2e9b60bff024f2b2372cc0b6074b11db8b7d2284.mp4"/>
        </fig>
        <fig id="f11">
          <label>V&#237;deo 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Coronarigrafias mostrando resolu&#231;&#227;o de focos tromb&#243;ticos extensos na art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda em proje&#231;&#227;o anteroposterior cranial ap&#243;s uso de rivaroxabana durante 8 semanas. Acesse o v&#237;deo atrav&#233;s do link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/2015/10506/edicaoatual.asp">http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/2015/10506/edicaoatual.asp</ext-link>
							</title>
          </caption>
          <media mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/KbS5K8SYGsYgbw89tJDmkWB/040bc4b321a0c9f92e397fd83b5f74e99c3fda34.mp4"/>
        </fig>
        <fig id="f12">
          <label>V&#237;deo 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Coronariografias mostando resolu&#231;&#227;o de focos tromb&#243;ticos extensos em art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda em proje&#231;&#227;o cranial direita ap&#243;s uso de rivaroxabana durante 8 semanas. Acesse o v&#237;deo atrav&#233;s do link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/2015/10506/edicaoatual.asp">http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/2015/10506/edicaoatual.asp</ext-link>
							</title>
          </caption>
          <media mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/KbS5K8SYGsYgbw89tJDmkWB/aebd47b2d5e948155750beaf254e063dd4e81fb9.mp4"/>
        </fig>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>A quest&#227;o cl&#237;nica fundamental neste caso foi a identifica&#231;&#227;o da causa da extensa trombose coron&#225;ria em paciente t&#227;o jovem. A investiga&#231;&#227;o concentrou-se em trombofilia devido ao fato de que o paciente apresentava antecedente de TVP sem fator predisponente.</p>
        <p>O n&#237;vel de inibidor do ativador de plasminog&#234;nio-1 (PAI-1) &#233; crucial na regula&#231;&#227;o da atividade do plasminog&#234;nio, sendo que n&#237;veis elevados est&#227;o associados a estados pr&#243;-tromb&#243;ticos. Um polimorfismo comum de inser&#231;&#227;o/dele&#231;&#227;o da guanosina do 4G/5G localizada no 675&#186; par de bases acima do ponto de in&#237;cio da transla&#231;&#227;o regula o n&#237;vel de PAI-1. Demonstrou-se que a homozigozidade para o gen&#243;tipo de dele&#231;&#227;o 4G/4G causa n&#237;veis mais altos de PAI-1 em compara&#231;&#227;o com o gen&#243;tipo 4G/5G<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. O significado cl&#237;nico da muta&#231;&#227;o homozig&#243;tica de PAI-1, em si, n&#227;o &#233; claro, mas h&#225; relatos sugerindo maior frequ&#234;ncia de eventos tromb&#243;ticos quando associados a outras situa&#231;&#245;es pr&#243;-tromb&#243;ticas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre muta&#231;&#227;o do gene da protrombina e trombose est&#225; bem estabelecida, sendo que esta muta&#231;&#227;o confere um aumento de 2,8 vezes no risco de trombose<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. O paciente tinha hist&#243;ria de TVP 2 anos antes do atual quadro cl&#237;nico, o que sugere que efe apresentava tend&#234;ncia a desenvolver trombose. Os resultados da pesquisa de hipercoagulabilidade mostraram ser imperativo tratar o paciente com anticoagulante na fase aguda e mant&#234;-lo pelo resto da vida. Foi escolhida a rivaroxabana - um inibidor direto do fator-Xa aprovado para o tratamento / preven&#231;&#227;o de tromboembolismo venoso, por sua facilidade de administra&#231;&#227;o em compara&#231;&#227;o com derivados de heparina nas formas subcut&#226;nea e intravenosa e por sua r&#225;pida a&#231;&#227;o e menor intera&#231;&#227;o com outras drogas em compara&#231;&#227;o com a varfarina.</p>
        <p>Este &#233; o primeiro relato de paciente apresentando s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda por focos tromb&#243;ticos n&#227;o oclusivos em art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria devido &#224; muta&#231;&#227;o do gene da protrombina e/ou muta&#231;&#227;o de PAI-1. S&#227;o bem conhecidos os efeitos aditivos dos estados de hipercoagulabilidade, e o presente caso ilustra esse fato atrav&#233;s de um epis&#243;dio de trombose venosa sem desencadeante e de um evento tromb&#243;tico arterial difuso em paciente jovem sem nenhum outro fator de risco conhecido para trombose venosa ou arterial, al&#233;m de ressaltar a import&#226;ncia da pesquisa de hipercoagulabilidade nesses pacientes.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Mostramos resolu&#231;&#227;o bem sucedida de trombose coron&#225;ria difusa com o uso de rivaroxabana 20 mg por dia, o que foi importante para confirmar a natureza n&#227;o ateroscler&#243;tica da oclus&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
