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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">XhkMkqnXBL83fxBtJvvyqYj</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2015002500549</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160002</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiac Rehabilitation: Far Beyond Coronary Artery Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Gil Soares de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff01">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Saad</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Saad &#8211; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro, RJ; Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; CLINIMEX &#8211; Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Claudio Gil Soares de Ara&#250;jo</bold> , Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; CLINIMEX. Rua Siqueira Campos, 93/101, Copacabana. Postal Code 22071-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>cgaraujo@iis.com.br</email>
					</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>105</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>549</fpage>
      <lpage>551</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Physical Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise Training</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise Programs</kwd>
        <kwd>Flexibility</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Cardiac rehabilitation (CR), as originally proposed in the mid of last century, was primarily aimed at returning life back to normal, with emphasis on aspects of physical, mental and professional plenitude. At that time, a few paradigms were modified. Instead of four to six weeks of bed rest and immobilization following acute myocardial infarction, patients were oriented to sit on chairs, which was described as "<italic>armchair treatment</italic>"; right after, studies began to show the favorable results of early ambulation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> This has evolved and currently the Brazilian Society of Cardiology guidelines proposing and advising how to implement and to start supervised exercise programs for CR.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> Those guidelines comprise aerobic, muscle strengthening and flexibility exercises to be started as soon as clinical stability is reached after myocardial infarction. Currently CR is aimed at providing patients with better or much better conditions than those prior to the cardiac event or the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.</p>
    <p>Although CR is a frequent and recurring theme of several presentations in scientific meetings of the specialty, being thus known by clinical cardiologists, there is worldwide consensus that only a very small part of patients with coronary artery disease is usually referred by their physicians for CR programs. Several are the reasons for that insufficient referral and they will not be addressed in this editorial.</p>
    <p>The present editorial is aimed at alerting to another aspect, certainly less known to clinical cardiologists. CR and especially supervised exercise programs should be recommended not only to patients with coronary artery disease, but also to a wide range of cardiovascular disorders and, thus, to almost all patients with heart disease.</p>
    <p>As highlighted in an article recently published in the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> aerobic fitness has long been known to be one of the best, if not the best marker of the health status and prognosis of not only healthy individuals, but also those with heart disease. Aerobic fitness is expressed as the maximal oxygen uptake, preferentially measured through expired gas analysis during a cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Although the aerobic fitness is highly influenced by genetics, there is consensus that optimal levels can only be achieved via regular physical exercise, predominantly aerobics. Thus, for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, being physically active is fundamental to optimize the aerobic fitness. Nevertheless, that is seen neither in daily clinical practice nor in the epidemiological data of the Brazilian population, and most patients with heart disease remain sedentary or insufficiently physically active.</p>
    <p>Based on the increasing knowledge on physiological responses and adaptations to physical exercise of individuals from different populations and with different clinical characteristics, several researchers and CR services have recently explored other possibilities of indications and care for 'non-coronary heart patients'. Thus, the risks and benefits of interventions with regular physical exercise can be better known in a wide range of 'non-coronary heart patients', some considered as having absolute contraindications until recently. Those patients can be then referred to CR programs.</p>
    <p>The <xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Chart 1</xref> lists 22 cardiovascular disorders,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> except for coronary artery disease, on which there are studies and scientific evidence suggesting the lack of harm or of important risk and presence of significant benefit resulting from the participation in CR programs and regular physical exercise sessions with or without medical supervision.</p>
    <table-wrap id="t01">
      <label>Chart 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>List of 22 non-coronary cardiovascular conditions that have been shown to clinically benefit from physical exercise intervention</title>
      </caption>
      <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left">
              <bold>Number</bold>
            </th>
            <th align="center">
              <bold>Cardiovascular condition</bold>
            </th>
            <th align="center">
              <bold>Reference</bold>
            </th>
            <th align="center">
              <bold>PubMed URL</bold>
            </th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">1</td>
            <td align="center">Heart failure (all functional classes)</td>
            <td align="center">(4)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24771460">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24771460</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">2</td>
            <td align="center">Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction</td>
            <td align="center">(5)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25399909">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25399909</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">3</td>
            <td align="center">Dilated cardiomyopathy</td>
            <td align="center">(6)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22739638">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22739638</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">4</td>
            <td align="center">Heart transplantation (post-surgery)</td>
            <td align="center">(7)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25840503">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25840503</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">5</td>
            <td align="center">Heart valve surgery (post-event)</td>
            <td align="center">(8)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22024327">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22024327</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">6</td>
            <td align="center">Peripheral artery disease</td>
            <td align="center">(9)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766947">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766947</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">7</td>
            <td align="center">Systemic arterial hypertension</td>
            <td align="center">(10)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23525435">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23525435</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">8</td>
            <td align="center">Stroke (post-event)</td>
            <td align="center">(11)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24142492">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24142492</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">9</td>
            <td align="center">Transient ischemic attack (post-event)</td>
            <td align="center">(12)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25023152">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25023152</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">10</td>
            <td align="center">Pulmonary arterial hypertension</td>
            <td align="center">(13)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26231884">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26231884</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">11</td>
            <td align="center">Chagas disease</td>
            <td align="center">(14)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098373">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098373</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">12</td>
            <td align="center">Congenital heart diseases</td>
            <td align="center">(15)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23746621">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23746621</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">13</td>
            <td align="center">Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia</td>
            <td align="center">(16)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837260">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837260</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">14</td>
            <td align="center">Erectile dysfunction (vascular etiology)</td>
            <td align="center">(17)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435000">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435000</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">15</td>
            <td align="center">Neurocardiogenic syncope</td>
            <td align="center">(18)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24714795">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24714795</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">16</td>
            <td align="center">Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome</td>
            <td align="center">(19)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487551">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487551</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">17</td>
            <td align="center">Abdominal aortic aneurysm (&lt; 55 mm)</td>
            <td align="center">(20)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23793234">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23793234</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">18</td>
            <td align="center">Asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</td>
            <td align="center">(21)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23928567">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23928567</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">19</td>
            <td align="center">Left ventricular assistance device (post-implantation)</td>
            <td align="center">(22)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25381335">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25381335</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">20</td>
            <td align="center">Transposition of the great vessels (adults, post-surgery)</td>
            <td align="center">(23)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25809342">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25809342</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">21</td>
            <td align="center">Atrial fibrillation (post-ablation)</td>
            <td align="center">(24)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113406">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113406</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">22</td>
            <td align="center">Transcatheter aortic valve implantation</td>
            <td align="center">(25)</td>
            <td align="center">
              <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593575">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593575</ext-link>
            </td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>The disorders are listed in a decreasing order according to evidence level, level of knowledge available and clinical experience regarding the benefits of regular physical exercise. Each indication is based on a qualified and recent scientific reference, whose abstract in PubMed can be obtained via the hyperlink provided.</p>
    <p>In fact, this list should actually be understood as open and not restrictive, because, except for arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> end-stage heart failure and acute myocardial or heart valve infections, some benefit can almost always be obtained from participating in CR programs or supervised physical exercise sessions, as long as the patient with heart disease is stable from the clinical, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic viewpoint.</p>
    <p>I hope this editorial helps clinical cardiologists to definitively incorporate, as major priority, regular physical exercise into the treatment of patients with heart disease, not only the already known 'coronary heart patient', but also and with great emphasis on the 'non-coronary heart patient'. In parallel, public and private hospitals and clinics of Cardiology and Exercise Medicine should prepare to properly approach this new demand.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca: Muito Al&#233;m da Doen&#231;a Coronariana</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Gil Soares de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff02">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Saad</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Saad - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; Rio de Janeiro, RJ; Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; CLINIMEX &#8211; Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Claudio Gil Soares de Ara&#250;jo</bold> , Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; CLINIMEX. Rua Siqueira Campos, 93/101, Copacabana. CEP 22071-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>cgaraujo@iis.com.br</email>
					</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico</kwd>
        <kwd>Treinamento F&#237;sico</kwd>
        <kwd>Programas de Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Flexibilidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (RC), como originalmente proposta nos meados do s&#233;culo passado, era voltada primariamente para tentar fazer o indiv&#237;duo retornar &#224; normalidade de sua vida, com &#234;nfase nos aspectos de plenitude f&#237;sica, mental e profissional. Ainda naquela &#233;poca, foram modificados alguns paradigmas. Em vez de quatro a seis semanas de imobiliza&#231;&#227;o no leito ap&#243;s um infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio, foi proposto que os pacientes passassem a se sentar em cadeiras no que foi descrito como "<italic>armchair treatment</italic>"; logo a seguir, come&#231;aram os estudos e resultados favor&#225;veis com a deambula&#231;&#227;o precoce.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> Isso evoluiu de tal forma que atualmente h&#225; normatiza&#231;&#245;es da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia propondo e orientando a montagem e o funcionamento de programas de exerc&#237;cio supervisionado dentro do contexto da RC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> Tais normatiza&#231;&#245;es incorporam exerc&#237;cios aer&#243;bicos, de fortalecimento muscular e de flexibilidade, para serem iniciados t&#227;o logo haja a estabiliza&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica ap&#243;s um infarto do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
      <p>Na realidade, hoje o objetivo &#233; que o paciente ap&#243;s a RC fique em condi&#231;&#245;es melhores ou muito melhores do que aquelas em que se encontrava antes do evento card&#237;aco ou do diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a cardiovascular.</p>
      <p>Muito embora a RC seja um tema frequente e recorrente de diversas apresenta&#231;&#245;es nos congressos cient&#237;ficos da especialidade e, portanto, conhecida dos cardiologistas cl&#237;nicos, &#233; consenso mundial que apenas uma parcela muito pequena dos coronariopatas &#233; habitualmente encaminhada pelos seus m&#233;dicos assistentes para esses programas de RC. As raz&#245;es para esse subencaminhamento s&#227;o v&#225;rias e n&#227;o ser&#227;o discutidas nesse editorial.</p>
      <p>O presente editorial procura alertar para outro aspecto, esse certamente bem menos conhecido do cardiologista cl&#237;nico. A RC e, em particular, os programas de exerc&#237;cio supervisionado devem ser indicados n&#227;o apenas para os coronariopatas, mas tamb&#233;m para um amplo leque de condi&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares e, em consequ&#234;ncia, para praticamente todos os cardiopatas.</p>
      <p>Conforme destacado em artigo recente nos <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> h&#225; muito se sabe que um dos melhores, sen&#227;o o melhor marcador do estado de sa&#250;de de um indiv&#237;duo e do seu progn&#243;stico, seja saud&#225;vel ou cardiopata, &#233; a sua condi&#231;&#227;o aer&#243;bica. Essa &#233; expressa pelo consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio, preferencialmente medido atrav&#233;s da an&#225;lise de gases expirados, ou seja, no denominado teste cardiopulmonar de exerc&#237;cio ou ergoespirometria. Ainda que a condi&#231;&#227;o aer&#243;bica sofra importante influ&#234;ncia gen&#233;tica, &#233; consensual que n&#237;veis &#243;timos s&#243; podem ser alcan&#231;ados atrav&#233;s da pr&#225;tica regular de exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos de natureza predominantemente aer&#243;bica. Dessa forma, tanto na preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria como na secund&#225;ria das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, estar exercitante &#233; fundamental para que se possa otimizar a condi&#231;&#227;o aer&#243;bica. Infelizmente, isso n&#227;o &#233; o que se verifica na nossa pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica nem nos dados epidemiol&#243;gicos da popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira, com uma parcela majorit&#225;ria dos cardiopatas permanecendo sedent&#225;rios ou realizando doses subcl&#237;nicas e insuficientes de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico. </p>
      <p>Nos &#250;ltimos anos, com base no aumento do conhecimento dispon&#237;vel sobre as respostas e adapta&#231;&#245;es fisiol&#243;gicas ao exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico em indiv&#237;duos de diferentes popula&#231;&#245;es e caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas, diversos pesquisadores e servi&#231;os de RC passaram a explorar outras possibilidades de indica&#231;&#245;es e de atendimento de cardiopatas n&#227;o coronarianos. Sendo assim, pode-se melhor conhecer os riscos e os benef&#237;cios da interven&#231;&#227;o com exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico regular em um amplo espectro de cardiopatas n&#227;o coronarianos, alguns deles considerados como tendo contraindica&#231;&#245;es absolutas at&#233; passado recente, e postular que esses pacientes sejam ent&#227;o encaminhados para os programas de RC.</p>
      <p>O <xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">quadro 1</xref> apresenta uma lista de 22 condi&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> propositadamente excluindo a doen&#231;a coronariana, para as quais j&#225; existe um ou mais estudos e evid&#234;ncias cient&#237;ficas sugerindo aus&#234;ncia de danos ou riscos importantes e significativos benef&#237;cios quando da participa&#231;&#227;o em programas de RC e em sess&#245;es regulares de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico com ou sem supervis&#227;o m&#233;dica. As condi&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o ordenadas de modo decrescente para o grau de evid&#234;ncia, o n&#237;vel de conhecimento dispon&#237;vel e a experi&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica acumulada em rela&#231;&#227;o aos benef&#237;cios do exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico regular. A indica&#231;&#227;o para cada uma delas &#233; embasada em uma refer&#234;ncia cient&#237;fica qualificada e recente, cujo resumo no PubMed pode ser obtido atrav&#233;s do <italic>hyperlink</italic> apresentado.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t02">
        <label>Quadro 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Lista de 22 condi&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares n&#227;o coronarianas para as quais h&#225; evid&#234;ncias ou experi&#234;ncias clinicas de beneficio para interven&#231;&#245;es de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>N&#250;mero</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Condi&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Refer&#234;ncia</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>PubMed URL</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">1</td>
              <td align="center">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (todas as classes funcionais)</td>
              <td align="center">(4)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24771460">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24771460</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2</td>
              <td align="center">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada)</td>
              <td align="center">(5)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25399909">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25399909</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">3</td>
              <td align="center">Cardiomiopatia dilatada</td>
              <td align="center">(6)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22739638">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22739638</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">4</td>
              <td align="center">Transplante card&#237;aco (p&#243;s-cirurgia)</td>
              <td align="center">(7)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25840503">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25840503</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">5</td>
              <td align="center">Cirurgia valvar card&#237;aca (p&#243;s-evento)</td>
              <td align="center">(8)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22024327">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22024327</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">6</td>
              <td align="center">Doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica</td>
              <td align="center">(9)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766947">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766947</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">7</td>
              <td align="center">Hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica</td>
              <td align="center">(10)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23525435">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23525435</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">8</td>
              <td align="center">Acidente vascular cerebral (p&#243;s-evento)</td>
              <td align="center">(11)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24142492">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24142492</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">9</td>
              <td align="center">Acidente isqu&#234;mico cerebral transit&#243;rio (p&#243;s-evento)</td>
              <td align="center">(12)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25023152">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25023152</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">10</td>
              <td align="center">Hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar</td>
              <td align="center">(13)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26231884">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26231884</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">11</td>
              <td align="center">Doen&#231;a de Chagas</td>
              <td align="center">(14)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098373">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098373</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">12</td>
              <td align="center">Cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas</td>
              <td align="center">(15)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23746621">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23746621</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">13</td>
              <td align="center">Taquicardia ventricular polim&#243;rfica catecolamin&#233;rgica</td>
              <td align="center">(16)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837260">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837260</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">14</td>
              <td align="center">Disfun&#231;&#227;o er&#233;til (etiologia vascular)</td>
              <td align="center">(17)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435000">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435000</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">15</td>
              <td align="center">S&#237;ncope neurocardiog&#234;nica</td>
              <td align="center">(18)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24714795">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24714795</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">16</td>
              <td align="center">S&#237;ndrome da taquicardia ortost&#225;tica postural</td>
              <td align="center">(19)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487551">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487551</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">17</td>
              <td align="center">Aneurisma de aorta abdominal (&lt; 55 mm)</td>
              <td align="center">(20)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23793234">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23793234</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">18</td>
              <td align="center">Cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica assim&#233;trica</td>
              <td align="center">(21)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23928567">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23928567</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">19</td>
              <td align="center">Dispositivo de assist&#234;ncia ventricular esquerda (p&#243;s-implante)</td>
              <td align="center">(22)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25381335">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25381335</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">20</td>
              <td align="center">Transposi&#231;&#227;o de grandes vasos (adultos p&#243;s-cirurgia)</td>
              <td align="center">(23)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25809342">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25809342</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">21</td>
              <td align="center">Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (p&#243;s-abla&#231;&#227;o)</td>
              <td align="center">(24)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113406">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113406</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">22</td>
              <td align="center">Implante transcateter de valva a&#243;rtica</td>
              <td align="center">(25)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593575">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593575</ext-link>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Na realidade, essa lista deve ser compreendida como aberta e n&#227;o restritiva, pois, com exce&#231;&#227;o de displasia arritmog&#234;nica do ventr&#237;culo direito,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca terminal e infec&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica ou valvar aguda, quase sempre &#233; poss&#237;vel obter algum benef&#237;cio com a participa&#231;&#227;o em programas de RC ou sess&#245;es de exerc&#237;cio supervisionado em doen&#231;as ou condi&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares, quando o paciente se encontra est&#225;vel do ponto de vista cl&#237;nico, hemodin&#226;mico e eletrocardiogr&#225;fico.</p>
      <p>Espera-se que este editorial colabore para que os cardiologistas cl&#237;nicos passem a incorporar, definitivamente, o exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico regular como uma das maiores prioridades no tratamento dos cardiopatas, n&#227;o apenas para os j&#225; "conhecidos" coronarianos, mas tamb&#233;m, e com grande &#234;nfase, para os n&#227;o-coronarianos. Em paralelo, os hospitais e cl&#237;nicas p&#250;blicas e privadas de Cardiologia e de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio devem se preparar para poder atender adequadamente a essa nova demanda.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
