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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">4rVMVDJ5hZt39vHTtJRqh4y</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2015002100199</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140214</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case 6 / 2015 - A 27-Year-Old Male Patient with Double Aortic and Pulmonary Valve Lesion after Double Valvotomy in Childhood</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff01">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Privada Dr. Edmar Atik</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Privada Dr. Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing address: Edmar Atik</bold>, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj. 73, Bela Vista. Postal Code 01308-050. S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>eatik@cardiol.br</email>; <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>105</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>199</fpage>
      <lpage>201</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Valve Stenosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Stenosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Balloon Valvoplasty</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Defects, Congenital</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="0"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p><bold>Clinical data</bold>: The patient underwent correction of congenital pulmonary and aortic valve stenosis, both with manifestations, at 7 years of age. Afterwards, there was progressive residual lesion of both valves, with predominance of regurgitation, and development of acute arrhythmias such as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, in addition to ventricular extrasystoles. The obstructions were significant, with pressure gradients of 90 and 60 mmHg in the pulmonary and aortic valves, respectively. The patient was asymptomatic, and the loud systolic murmur was accompanied by thrill all over the precordium and neck vessels. There was right ventricular overload on the electrocardiogram (ECG). Double valvoplasty in the three-leaflet valves resulted in a good anatomical solution initially. To date, the patient reports shortness of breath on moderate exertion and precordial palpitations. He is on antiarrhythmic drug (amiodarone), after atrial fibrillation was controlled.</p>
    <p><bold>Physical examination</bold>: Good general state of health, normal breathing, acyanotic, normal pulses. Weight: 77 kg; height: 181 cm; blood pressure (BP): 110/70 mmHg; and heart rate (HR): 51 bpm. The aorta (Ao) was moderately palpable on the suprasternal notch.</p>
    <p>The apical impulse was not palpable on the precordium, and there were mild systolic impulses on the left sternal border. Heart sounds were normal, and there was a grade 1-2/4 coarse systolic murmur in the pulmonic and aortic areas, and a grade 1-2/4 coarse diastolic murmur along the left sternal border. The liver was not palpable and the lungs were clear to auscultation.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>Laboratory tests:</title>
      <p><bold>Electrocardiogram</bold> showed normal sinus rhythm and signs of left anterior hemiblock, with no chamber overload, and normal ventricular repolarization. PA: +20&#186;, QRSA: -60&#186;, TA: +40&#186;. QRS complex duration was 0.11", PR = 0.16" and QTc = 0.45" (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Chest radiograph shows moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. Electrocardiogram shows left anterior hemiblock, with no signs of cardiac overload.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-02-0199-40214-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <p><bold>Chest radiograph</bold> showed moderately enlarged cardiac silhouette due to enlarged atrial and ventricular arches; the pulmonary vascular network was normal. Cardiomegaly progressed since the surgical correction, and the current cardiothoracic ratio was 0.58 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p><bold>Echocardiogram</bold> showed dilated right and left cardiac chambers (right ventricle &#8722; RV = 35, left atrium &#8722; LA = 46; left ventricle &#8722; LV = 64; Ao = 31 mm); RV ejection fraction (RVEF) of 53% (Simpson&#8217;s method); LV ejection fraction (LVEF) of 58%; RV- pulmonary trunk (PT) pressure gradient of 14 mmHg; LV - Ao pressure gradient of 15 mmHg; and severe pulmonary and aortic regurgitation. The pulmonary systolic pressure was 40 mmHg. Ascending aorta and PT dilatation (40-mm diameter).</p>
      <p><bold>Magnetic resonance imaging</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>) also showed enlargement of right and left cardiac chambers with preserved ventricular function. RV end-diastolic volume of 200 mL/m<sup>2,</sup> LV end-diastolic volume of 211 mL/m<sup>2</sup>, RVEF of 54% and LVEF of 58%. Ascending aorta of 45 mm, and PT of 36 mm.</p>
      <fig id="f02">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Magnetic resonance imaging shows clear enlargement of the right and left ventricles, with preserved function of both, in four-chamber and cross-sectional views.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-02-0199-40214-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      <p><bold>24-hour dynamic ECG (Holter monitoring)</bold> showed 627 ventricular extrasystoles and 121 supraventricular extrasystoles. Two episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia with 6 complexes and two of atrial tachycardia with 16 complexes.</p>
      <p><bold>Clinical diagnosis:</bold> Double pulmonary and aortic valve lesion with manifestations, showing signs of progressive dilatation of both ventricles, in late course after surgical correction in childhood.</p>
      <p><bold>Clinical reasoning:</bold> during the course of the disease, the clinical elements were consistent with the diagnosis of double pulmonary and aortic valve lesion, with predominance of the first. Shortness of breath and development of ventricular arrhythmias and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation are related to the residual lesions, which progressively increased since childhood. Noteworthy, despite the evident biventricular dilatation, no electrical overload of these chambers was observed. Perhaps both ventricular dilatations had electrically counterbalanced one another.</p>
      <p><bold>Differential diagnosis:</bold> Concomitant lesion of both semilunar valves as congenital defects is usually associated with some genetic syndrome, which was not the case. Residual lesions of both valves commonly occur after correction of obstructive defects alone or in association, as occurs in the tetralogy of Fallot.</p>
      <p><bold>Management:</bold> in view of the progression of the residual defects with excessive dilatation of both ventricles, although with biventricular function still preserved, a surgical approach was chosen with valve replacement for a mechanical prosthetic valve in the aortic position and for a biological prosthetic valve in the pulmonary position. Because of the ascending aorta dilatation, a dacron tube was inserted inside the vessel.</p>
      <p><bold>Commentaries:</bold> residual valve regurgitation after surgical or percutaneous valvotomy, whether pulmonary or aortic, has become a common outcome that requires the performance of other operative techniques, such as Ross&#8217; technique. It is estimated that approximately 30% of these patients undergoing heart valve correction require surgical reintervention to prevent further progression of the heart valve defects, which ultimately result in ventricular dilatation and dysfunction.</p>
      <p>The reintervention usually implies the need for valve replacement. The values currently recommended to prevent further deterioration of the ventricular function are 120 mL/m<sup>2</sup> for the end-diastolic volume and of 90 mL/m<sup>2</sup> for the end-systolic volume. In practice, however, we have observed much higher values until surgical reintervention is indicated, as incidentally occurred in the present case. Ideally, these patients should be duly monitored, in order to follow the parameters recommended for a more favorable outcome in the long term.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 6 / 2015 - Homem de 27 Anos com Dupla Les&#227;o Valvar, A&#243;rtica e Pulmonar, ap&#243;s Dupla Valvotomia na Inf&#226;ncia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff02">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Privada Dr. Edmar Atik</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Privada Dr. Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik</bold>, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj. 73, Bela Vista. CEP 01308-050. S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>eatik@cardiol.br</email>; <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva A&#243;rtica</kwd>
        <kwd>Valvoplastia com Bal&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos</bold>: ap&#243;s corre&#231;&#227;o de estenose pulmonar e a&#243;rtica como defeitos cong&#234;nitos realizados com 7 anos de idade, sendo ambos defeitos de repercuss&#227;o, verificou&#8209;se progressiva les&#227;o residual de ambas as valvas, com o predom&#237;nio da insufici&#234;ncia e o surgimento de arritmias agudas do tipo fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial parox&#237;stica, al&#233;m de extrassistolia ventricular. As obstru&#231;&#245;es eram importantes, com gradientes de press&#227;o de 90 e 60 mmHg nas valvas pulmonar e a&#243;rtica, respectivamente. Era assintom&#225;tico, e o sopro sist&#243;lico acentuado estava acompanhado de fr&#234;mito por todo o prec&#243;rdio e vasos do pesco&#231;o. Havia sobrecarga ventricular direita no eletrocardiograma (ECG). A valvoplastia dupla em valvas trivalvulares resultou em boa resolu&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica inicial. Atualmente refere cansa&#231;o aos esfor&#231;os moderados e palpita&#231;&#245;es precordiais. Usa medica&#231;&#227;o antiarr&#237;tmica (amiodarona), ap&#243;s o controle da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.</p>
      <p><bold>Exame f&#237;sico</bold>: bom estado geral, eupneico, acian&#243;tico, pulsos normais. Peso: 77 kg; altura: 181 cm; press&#227;o arterial (PA): 110/70 mmHg; e frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (FC): 51 bpm. A aorta (Ao) era palpada moderadamente na f&#250;rcula.</p>
      <p>No prec&#243;rdio, <italic>ictus cordis</italic> n&#227;o era palpado e havia impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas discretas na borda esternal esquerda (BE E). As bulhas card&#237;acas eram normofon&#233;ticas e auscultava&#8209;se sopro sist&#243;lico, +/++ de intensidade, rude, na &#225;rea pulmonar e a&#243;rtica, e com sopro diast&#243;lico +/++, rude em toda a BE E. F&#237;gado n&#227;o palpado e pulm&#245;es limpos.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Exames complementares</title>
        <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold> mostrava ritmo sinusal e sinais de hemibloqueio anterior esquerdo, sem sobrecarga de cavidades card&#237;acas e com repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular normal. AP: +20&#186;, AQRS: -60&#186;, AT: +40&#186;. A dura&#231;&#227;o do QRS era de 0,11", PR = 0,16" e QTc = 0,45" (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f03">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Radiografia de t&#243;rax salienta o aumento moderado da &#225;rea card&#237;aca e o eletrocardiograma mostra o hemibloqueio anterior esquerdo, mas sem sinais de sobrecarga card&#237;aca.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-02-0199-40214-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax</bold> mostrva &#225;rea card&#237;aca moderadamente aumentada &#224; custa dos arcos atrial e ventricular e trama vascular pulmonar normal. A cardiomegalia foi progressiva desde a corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica, com &#237;ndice cardiotor&#225;cico atual de 0,58 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p><bold>Ecocardiograma</bold> mostrou cavidades card&#237;acas direitas e esquerdas dilatadas (ventr&#237;culo direito &#8722; VD = 35, &#225;trio esquerdo &#8722; AE = 46, ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &#8722; VE = 64, Ao = 31 mm), fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de VD (FEVD) de 53% (m&#233;todo Simpson), fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de VE (FEVE) de 58%, gradiente de press&#227;o VD-tronco pulmonar (TP) de 14 mmHg, entre VE e Ao de 15 mmHg, com insufici&#234;ncia pulmonar e a&#243;rtica acentuadas. A press&#227;o sist&#243;lica pulmonar era de 40 mmHg. Ao ascendente e o TP estavam dilatados com 40 mm de di&#226;metro.</p>
        <p><bold>Resson&#226;ncia nuclear magn&#233;tica</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 2</xref>) salientou tamb&#233;m aumento das cavidades direitas e esquerdas com preserva&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular. Volume diast&#243;lico final de VD de 200 mL/m<sup>2</sup> de VE de 211 mL/m<sup>2</sup>, FEVD de 54% e FEVE de 58%. Ao ascendente tinha 45 mm e o TP 36 mm.</p>
        <fig id="f04">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Resson&#226;ncia nuclear magn&#233;tica salienta claramente o aumento das cavidades ventriculares, direita e esquerda, com preserva&#231;&#227;o de boa fun&#231;&#227;o de ambos os ventr&#237;culos, em proje&#231;&#245;es de quatro cavidades e transversal.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-02-0199-40214-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <p><bold>ECG din&#226;mico de 24 horas (Holter)</bold> mostrou extrass&#237;stoles ventriculares e supraventriculares em n&#250;mero de 627 e de 121 batimentos, respectivamente. Dois epis&#243;dios de taquicardia ventricular n&#227;o sustentada de 6 complexos e 2 de taquicardia atrial com 16 complexos.</p>
        <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico:</bold> dupla les&#227;o pulmonar e a&#243;rtica de repercuss&#227;o, mostrando sinais de dilata&#231;&#227;o progressiva de ambos os ventr&#237;culos, em evolu&#231;&#227;o tardia ap&#243;s corre&#231;&#227;o operat&#243;ria na inf&#226;ncia.</p>
        <p><bold>Racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico:</bold> os elementos cl&#237;nicos evolutivos eram compat&#237;veis com diagn&#243;stico de dupla les&#227;o valvar pulmonar e a&#243;rtica, com predom&#237;nio da primeira. Cansa&#231;o, e aparecimento de arritmias ventriculares e da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial parox&#237;stica guardam rela&#231;&#227;o com as les&#245;es residuais com incremento progressivo, desde a inf&#226;ncia. &#201; de interesse notar que, apesar da franca dilata&#231;&#227;o biventricular, n&#227;o foi observada qualquer sobrecarga el&#233;trica das mesmas. Talvez ambas as dilata&#231;&#245;es ventriculares tenham se contrabalanceado eletricamente uma &#224; outra.</p>
        <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</bold> les&#227;o concomitante de ambas as valvas semilunares, como defeitos cong&#234;nitos, associa-se geralmente a alguma s&#237;ndrome gen&#233;tica, o que n&#227;o ocorreu no presente caso. As les&#245;es residuais de ambas as valvas ocorrem habitualmente ap&#243;s corre&#231;&#227;o de defeitos obstrutivos isolados ou ainda quando associados, como na pr&#243;pria tetralogia de Fallot.</p>
        <p><bold>Conduta:</bold> em face da progress&#227;o dos defeitos residuais, com dilata&#231;&#227;o exagerada de ambos ventr&#237;culos, mas ainda com preserva&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o biventricular, adotou-se conduta cir&#250;rgica, com orienta&#231;&#227;o para substitui&#231;&#227;o valvar, para pr&#243;tese mec&#226;nica a&#243;rtica e biol&#243;gica pulmonar. Dada a dilata&#231;&#227;o da Ao ascendente, foi inserido um tubo pl&#225;stico de d&#225;cron por dentro do vaso.</p>
        <p><bold>Coment&#225;rios:</bold> a insufici&#234;ncia valvar residual, ap&#243;s valvotomia cir&#250;rgica ou percut&#226;nea, tanto pulmonar quanto a&#243;rtica, passa a se constituir em aspecto evolutivo, que vem induzindo &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o de outras t&#233;cnicas operat&#243;rias, como a de Ross, por exemplo. Estima-se que cerca de 30% desses pacientes valvares corrigidos necessitam de reinterven&#231;&#227;o operat&#243;ria, afim de evitar maior progress&#227;o dos defeitos valvares, com consequ&#234;ncias evolutivas quanto &#224; dilata&#231;&#227;o ventricular e disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular.</p>
        <p>A nova corre&#231;&#227;o implica, em geral, em necessidade de substitui&#231;&#227;o valvar e est&#227;o em voga valores preconizados como ideais, afim de se evitar deteriora&#231;&#227;o maior da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular com o passar do tempo, quais sejam de 120 mL/m<sup>2</sup> para o volume diast&#243;lico final e de 90 mL/m<sup>2</sup> para o sist&#243;lico. Na pr&#225;tica, no entanto, temos observado valores muito maiores at&#233; que indiquem a reinterven&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica, como se observa, ali&#225;s, no presente caso. O ideal &#233; que esses pacientes sejam devidamente monitorados, para se preservar a condi&#231;&#227;o preconizada para evolu&#231;&#227;o mais favor&#225;vel a mais longo prazo.</p>
      </sec>
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  </sub-article>
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