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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">7MQ3BYxdb9Dzx6RCsDxKJ6D</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2015002000053</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2015005050044</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20150044</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>One-year Mortality after an Acute Coronary Event and its Clinical Predictors: The ERICO Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Itamar Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Goulart</surname>
            <given-names>Alessandra Carvalho</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Rafael Caire de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bittencourt</surname>
            <given-names>M&#225;rcio Sommer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sitnik</surname>
            <given-names>D&#233;bora</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pastore</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Samesima</surname>
            <given-names>Nelson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lotufo</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Andrade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bensenor</surname>
            <given-names>Isabela Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universit&#225;rio</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Itamar de Souza Santos</bold>, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2565, Cidade Universit&#225;ria. Postal Code 05508000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>itamarss@usp.br</email>,<email>itamarss@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <label>Author contributions</label>
          <p>Conception and design of the research:Santos IS, Goulart AC, Bittencourt MS, Sitnik D, Pereira AC, Lotufo PA, Bensenor IM. Acquisition of data:Santos IS, Goulart AC, Brand&#227;o RM, Santos RCO, Bittencourt MS, Sitnik D, Pastore CA, Samesima N. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Santos IS, Goulart AC, Brand&#227;o RM, Santos RCO, Bittencourt MS, Sitnik D, Pereira AC, Pastore CA, Samesima N, Lotufo PA, Bensenor IM. Statistical analysis: Santos IS, Goulart AC. Obtaining financing: Santos IS, Bensenor IM. Writing of the manuscript:Santos IS, Bensenor IM. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Goulart AC, Brand&#227;o RM, Santos RCO, Bittencourt MS, Sitnik D, Pereira AC, Pastore CA, Samesima N, Lotufo PA.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>105</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>53</fpage>
      <lpage>64</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Information about post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) survival have been mostly short-term findings or based on specialized, cardiology referral centers.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To describe one-year case-fatality rates in the Strategy of Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ERICO) cohort, and to study baseline characteristics as predictors.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>We analyzed data from 964 ERICO participants enrolled from February 2009 to December 2012. We assessed vital status by telephone contact and official death certificate searches. The cause of death was determined according to the official death certificates. We used log-rank tests to compare the probabilities of survival across subgroups. We built crude and adjusted (for age, sex and ACS subtype) Cox regression models to study if the ACS subtype or baseline characteristics were independent predictors of all-cause or cardiovascular mortality.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>We identified 110 deaths in the cohort (case-fatality rate, 12.0%). Age [Hazard ratio (HR) = 2.04 per 10 year increase; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.75&#8211;2.38], non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (HR = 3.82 ; 95%CI = 2.21&#8211;6.60) or ST elevation myocardial infarction (HR = 2.59; 95%CI = 1.38&#8211;4.89) diagnoses, and diabetes (HR = 1.78; 95%CI = 1.20&#8209;2.63) were significant risk factors for all-cause mortality in the adjusted models. We found similar results for cardiovascular mortality. A previous coronary artery disease diagnosis was also an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.61; 95%CI = 1.04&#8211;2.50), but not for cardiovascular mortality.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>We found an overall one-year mortality rate of 12.0% in a sample of post-ACS patients in a community, non-specialized hospital in S&#227;o Paulo, Brazil. Age, ACS subtype, and diabetes were independent predictors of poor one&#8209;year survival for overall and cardiovascular-related causes.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome / mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Lethality</kwd>
        <kwd>Cohort Studies</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="12"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="39"/>
        <page-count count="11"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a broad term that encompasses ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA). ACS events are frequent conditions in Brazil and worldwide<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> . In the past decades, increased aging of the population and increasing trends in the prevalence of some cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> and diabetes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> have contributed to the elevation in the number of individuals who have suffered an ACS event. In addition, successful system-of-care organization strategies <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>, enhanced in-hospital ACS treatment <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>, and better options for the control of long-term complications for heart failure <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>and for secondary prevention <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref> increased the median survival time of treated ACS patients.</p>
      <p>In this scenario, long-term information about survival after an ACS event is of growing interest. Most long-term post-ACS studies focus on patients treated in cardiology referral centers or facilities with specialized cardiology divisions<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. However, a large number of ACS patients seek treatment in community, non-specialized hospitals<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>. Typically, these locations do not have on-site cardiac catheterization and revascularization, nor do they have a coronary care unit. In one of the few studies to focus on this setting, Aune et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> described a one-year mortality rate of 16% in 307 post-MI patients treated in a non-specialized hospital in Norway, after the institution of a reference system for invasive cardiac procedures in a cardiology referral center.</p>
      <p>The Strategy of Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ERICO) study is an ongoing cohort of individuals admitted to treat an ACS event in Hospital Universit&#225;rio da USP (HU-USP), a community hospital in S&#227;o Paulo, Brazil. The primary aims of this article are as follows: (1) to describe one-year all-cause mortality in the ongoing ERICO cohort, as non-referral hospitals compose a sub-represented scenario in ACS treatment in most post-ACS studies, and (2) to study baseline characteristics that were predictors for a fatal outcome during the first year of follow-up. As a secondary goal, we also described rates and clinical predictors for cardiovascular mortality in this sample.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Study design and study sample</title>
        <p>The ERICO study design has been described in detail elsewhere<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. In brief, it is a cohort study of individuals admitted because of an ACS in HU-USP, a 260-bed teaching community regional hospital in the borough of Butant&#227;, S&#227;o Paulo, in southeastern Brazil. Butant&#227; had an area of 12.5 km<sup>2</sup> and a population of 428,000 inhabitants in 2010<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>. This area has marked socioeconomic inequalities; although its mean family income is higher than the city&#8217;s average, we have 13.1% of habitants living in<italic>favelas</italic> or shanty towns (S&#227;o Paulo city average, 11.1%)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>. As with most community, non-specialized hospitals, it is not possible to perform on-site catheterization or revascularization procedures at HU-USP. Most patients who need specialized cardiology care are immediately transferred to Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor), a cardiology referral center with uninterrupted emergency services, eight kilometers away from the community hospital. This co-operation between HU-USP and InCor was established several years before the ERICO cohort enrollment and persists until now. During the in-hospital phase, patients are treated in the emergency ward, internal medicine infirmaries, and/or in the intensive care unit.</p>
        <p>ERICO participants must fulfill STEMI, NSTEMI, or UA diagnostic criteria (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Table 1</xref>). At baseline, trained interviewers obtained data regarding sociodemographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and medications. During this in-hospital phase, all subjects were treated using the discretion of the hospital staff with standard procedures, without influence from the study protocol. Participants were re-evaluated by a physician 30 days after the acute event, with new clinical and laboratory assessments. According to the ERICO study protocol, after 6 months, one year, and yearly thereafter, all participants were contacted by phone to update information about their vital status and non-fatal outcomes. Here we have presented information from 964 ERICO participants who were enrolled from February 2009 to December 2012.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t01">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>ERICO diagnostic criteria (adapted from Goulart et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Myocardial infarction:</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Both following criteria:</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#149;Symptoms consistent with cardiac ischemia within 24 hours of hospital presentation</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#149;Troponin I levels above the 99<sup>th</sup> percentile with a test-specific coefficient of variation &lt; 10%.  </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:thin">
                  <bold>ST-elevation myocardial infarction:  </bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Both following criteria:</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#149;Criteria for MI diagnosis</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#149;One of the following: (a) persistent ST segment elevation of &gt; 1 mm in two contiguous electrocardiographic leads; (b) presence of a new or presumably new left bundle branch block.  </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:thin">
                  <bold>Non ST-elevation myocardial infarction:</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Both following criteria:</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#149;Criteria for MI diagnosis</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#149;Absence of criteria for ST-elevation MI diagnosis.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:thin">
                  <bold>Unstable angina:</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>All three criteria:</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#149;Symptoms consistent with cardiac ischemia 24 hours prior to hospital admission</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#149;Absence of MI criteria</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#149;At least one of the following: (a) history of coronary artery disease; (b) positive coronary disease stratification test (invasive or noninvasive); (c) transient ST segment changes &#8805;0.5 mm in two contiguous leads, new T-wave inversion of &#8805;1 mm and/or pseudo normalization of previously inverted T waves; (d) troponin I &gt; 0.4 ng/mL; or (e) diagnostic concordance of two independent physicians.</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Outcomes</title>
        <p>We defined one-year mortality on the basis of the vital status at 360 days after hospital admission. We searched official death records for information about all participants whether (1) we had information that they had died or (2) we could not contact them at the time. Vital status during follow-up was updated through medical registries and death certificates with the collaboration of the municipal and state health offices. On a regular basis, the research team prepared a list of all individuals who had died or with whom contact had been lost. The municipal and state health offices performed a search of their files to obtain death certificates and returned the results of this search to the ERICO research team. Two medical doctors reviewed these data and classified the cause of death for deceased participants according to the information from death certificates. If necessary, a third doctor analyzed the death certificate followed by a consensus meeting. Participants were defined to have died from a cardiovascular cause (cardiovascular mortality) if we identified a cause of death classified in the 10<sup>th</sup> version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) chapter IX &#8220;Diseases of the circulatory system&#8221; or if we identified a cause of death classified with the ICD-10 code R57.0 &#8220;Cardiogenic shock.&#8221;</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Other variables</title>
        <p>Sociodemographic data was obtained by interview, and was complemented with hospital registries. Age was used as a continuous variable (for most analyses) or categorized as &lt; 55, 55&#8211;64, 65&#8211;74, and &#8805; 75 years. Formal education was categorized as no formal education, 1&#8211;7 years, and &#8805; 8 years. At the baseline assessment, we used self-reported data for smoking status (never, past, or current) and for the diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, and previous coronary artery disease (CAD).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Ethical considerations</title>
        <p>The study protocol was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The institutional review board of the hospital approved the research protocol (Ethical Committee Approval 866/08). Written informed consent was obtained from all ACS patients admitted to the hospital who agreed to participate in this study, and each subject received a copy of the consent form.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical Analysis</title>
        <p>Chi-squared and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare individuals with censored data to those with complete vital status information. Continuous variables were presented as mean &#177; standard deviation and categorical variables were presented as absolute numbers and proportions. We have presented case-fatality rates, with respective 95% confidence intervals, according to ACS subtype, age, sex, years of formal education, smoking status, diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, and a previous CAD diagnosis. We have also presented survival data according to ACS subtype at hospital admission and baseline clinical characteristics, using Kaplan&#8211;Meier curves. Log-rank tests were used to compare probabilities of survival at 30 days, 180 days, and one year across subgroups.</p>
        <p>We built crude and adjusted Cox regression models to study if sex, educational level, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity or previous CAD were independent predictors of all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in our cohort. All adjusted models included sex, age, and ACS subtype as covariates. We built a <italic>post hoc</italic> model including systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction below 40%) and treatment with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for the index event as covariates. We also present Cox regression results restricting the dependent variable to the occurrence of deaths because of cardiovascular causes. In this case, we censored participants who died of non-cardiovascular causes at the time of death. Significance level was set at 0.05. We used R software version 2.13.1<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>Our sample included 269 (27.9%) individuals with STEMI, 378 (39.2%) with NSTEMI, and 317 (32.9%) with an UA diagnosis in our sample. We found high frequencies of hypertension (77.2%), dyslipidemia (54.9%), and diabetes (39.6%) diagnoses and physical inactivity (71.9%). <xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Table 2</xref> shows the baseline characteristics of the study sample. Median in-hospital stay duration was 4 days for individuals with UA and 8 days for individuals with STEMI or NSTEMI, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 3.0%. Preliminary data about in-hospital medical treatment revealed that aspirin was administered to 98.3% of the patients, clopidogrel to 95.9%, heparin to 96.0%, statins to 91.9%, beta blockers to 83.6%, and either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin-receptor blockers to 84.0% (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t03">Table 3</xref>). Regarding stratification strategies, 69.9%, 82.0%, and 48.3% of patients with NSTEMI, STEMI, and UA in ERICO underwent coronary angiography for the index event. Angioplasty was performed in 58.2% of ERICO participants from whom a coronary angiography was obtained, with a success rate of 96.3%. Reperfusion therapy for the index event was performed in 72.2% of STEMI cases. Thrombolysis was the selected strategy in 79.9% of STEMI patients for whom a reperfusion strategy was indicated. The most frequent cause that contraindicated reperfusion treatment in STEMI patients was late patient presentation to emergency care (69.2% of STEMI participants without reperfusion treatment). No studied baseline characteristics were associated with the decision for reperfusion or strategy selection. Although not defined by the study protocol, echocardiograms were performed in 66.4% and 77.3% of ERICO participants with NSTEMI and STEMI, respectively. On the basis of this data, an ejection fraction below 50% was found in 35.9% and 36.5% and an ejection fraction below 40% in 14.3% and 7.2% of ERICO participants with NSTEMI and STEMI, respectively.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t02">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Baseline characteristics of study participants</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th>&#160;</th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>STEMI n = 269</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>NSTEMI n = 378</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>UA n = 317</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Total n = 964</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="5">
                <bold>Age (years)</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Median</td>
              <td align="center">59.0</td>
              <td align="center">64.5</td>
              <td align="center">62.0</td>
              <td align="center">62.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Interquartile range</td>
              <td align="center">51.0-68.0</td>
              <td align="center">55.0-75.0</td>
              <td align="center">54.0-73.0</td>
              <td align="center">53.0-73.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Male sex (%)</td>
              <td align="center">181 (67.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">223 (59.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">166 (52.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">570 (59.1%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="5">
                <bold>Formal education (%)</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>No formal education</td>
              <td align="center">27 (10.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">50 (13.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">49 (15.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">126 (13.1%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>1-7 years</td>
              <td align="center">113 (42.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">169 (44.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">132 (41.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">414 (43.0%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>&#8805;8 years</td>
              <td align="center">128 (47.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">158 (41.9%)</td>
              <td align="center">136 (42.9%)</td>
              <td align="center">422 (43.9%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="5">
                <bold>Smoking status (%)</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Never</td>
              <td align="center">68 (26.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">120 (34.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">100 (34.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">288 (31.8%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Past</td>
              <td align="center">88 (34.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">121 (34.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">130 (44.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">339 (37.5%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Current</td>
              <td align="center">102 (39.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">112 (31.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">64 (21.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">278 (30.7%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Hypertension (%)</td>
              <td align="center">164 (63.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">291 (78.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">272 (87.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">727 (77.2%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Diabetes (%)</td>
              <td align="center">77 (30.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">165 (44.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">127 (41.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">369 (39.6%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Dyslipidemia (%)</td>
              <td align="center">102 (46.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">187 (55.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">166 (61.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">455 (54.9%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Physical inactivity (%)</td>
              <td align="center">173 (69.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">261 (72.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">210 (72.9%)</td>
              <td align="center">644 (71.9%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Previous CAD (%)</td>
              <td align="center">37 (14.9%)</td>
              <td align="center">83 (24.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">129 (45.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">249 (28.4%)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn>
            <p>CAD: Coronary artery disease; STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; UA: Unstable angina.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t03">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Medication use during in-hospital treatment in the sample</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>Medication</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>STEMI</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>NSTEMI</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>UA</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>Aspirin</td>
              <td align="center">99.2%</td>
              <td align="center">98.6%</td>
              <td align="center">97.8%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Clopidogrel</td>
              <td align="center">99.2%</td>
              <td align="center">97.7%</td>
              <td align="center">95.6%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Heparin</td>
              <td align="center">95.9%</td>
              <td align="center">97.7%</td>
              <td align="center">96.3%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Statins</td>
              <td align="center">95.5%</td>
              <td align="center">92.6%</td>
              <td align="center">89.7%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Betablockers</td>
              <td align="center">87.2%</td>
              <td align="center">80.9%</td>
              <td align="center">84.6%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>ACE inhibitors and/or ARB</td>
              <td align="center">86.4%</td>
              <td align="center">85.1%</td>
              <td align="center">81.0%</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn>
            <p>ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>During the first year of follow-up, we had complete vital status information from 918 (95.2%) study participants in this sample. Individuals with censored vital status data during follow-up were more prone to be male and younger (p &lt; 0.001 for both), compared with those with complete vital status information.</p>
      <p>We identified 42 (case-fatality rate, 4.4%), 90 (case-fatality rate, 9.6%), and 110 (case-fatality rate, 12.0%) deaths at 30 days, 180 days, and one year, respectively. Case-fatality rates by subgroups (with respective 95% confidence intervals) at 30 days, 180 days, and one year are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t04">Table 4</xref>. The survival analysis using Kaplan&#8211;Meier curves according to ACS subtype at presentation (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>) and baseline characteristics (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>) are also shown. Analyzing survival rates at 30 days, 180 days, and one year, we found age and ACS subtypes to be predictors for 30-day mortality (p &lt; 0.001 for both). Age, NSTEMI diagnosis, less education, never smoking, hypertension, and diabetes were significantly associated with poorer survival at 180 days and one year of follow-up. In addition, we found that female sex and physical inactivity had an association with poorer one-year prognosis with borderline significance (p = 0.05 for both).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t04">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Case-fatality rates according to baseline clinical characteristics at 30 days, 180 days, and one-year of follow-up</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th rowspan="2"/>
              <th colspan="3" align="left" style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin">
                <bold>Case-fatality rates (95% confidence interval)</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>30 days</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>180 days</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>One year</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>ACS subtype</bold>
              </td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>STEMI</td>
              <td>4.9% (2.7% - 8.3%)</td>
              <td>7.5% (4.8% - 11.6%)</td>
              <td>9.6% (6.4% - 14.0%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>NSTEMI</td>
              <td>7.2% (4.9% - 10.4%)</td>
              <td>16.2% (12.7% - 20.5%)</td>
              <td>19.2% (15.3% - 23.7%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>UA</td>
              <td>0.6% (0.1% - 2.5%)</td>
              <td>3.3% (1.7% - 6.1%)</td>
              <td>5.4% (3.2% - 8.8%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Age</bold>
              </td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>&lt; 55 years</td>
              <td>1.5% (0.5% - 4.1%)</td>
              <td>1.6% (0.5% - 4.2%)</td>
              <td>2.4% (1.0% - 5.5%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>55-64 years</td>
              <td>1.1% (0.3% - 3.4%)</td>
              <td>5.5% (3.2% - 9.2%)</td>
              <td>6.8% (4.2% - 10.7%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>65-74 years</td>
              <td>4.7% (2.4% - 8.6%)</td>
              <td>11.8% (7.9% - 17.1%)</td>
              <td>13.8% (9.6% - 19.4%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>&gt; 75 years</td>
              <td>12.4% (8.3% - 17.9%)</td>
              <td>22.9% (17.4% - 29.4%)</td>
              <td>28.6% (22.6% - 35.5%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Sex</bold>
              </td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Male</td>
              <td>3.9% (2.5% - 5.9%)</td>
              <td>8.2% (6.1% - 10.9%)</td>
              <td>10.4% (8.0% - 13.3%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Female</td>
              <td>5.1% (3.2% - 7.9%)</td>
              <td>11.5% (8.6% - 15.2%)</td>
              <td>14.2% (11.0% - 18.2%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Formal education</bold>
              </td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>No formal education</td>
              <td>4.8% (2.0% - 10.5%)</td>
              <td>13.1% (7.9% - 20.7%)</td>
              <td>18.3% (12.1% - 26.7%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>1-7 years</td>
              <td>4.9% (3.1% - 7.5%)</td>
              <td>11.1% (8.3% - 14.6%)</td>
              <td>13.1% (10.0% - 17.0%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>&#8805;8 years</td>
              <td>3.6% (2.1% - 6.0%)</td>
              <td>6.8% (4.7% - 9.9%)</td>
              <td>8.8% (6.3% - 12.1%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Smoking status</bold>
              </td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Never</td>
              <td>4.9% (2.8% - 8.2%)</td>
              <td>13.2% (9.6% - 17.9%)</td>
              <td>16.1% (12.1% - 21.1%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Past</td>
              <td>3.3% (1.7% - 5.9%)</td>
              <td>8.7% (6.0% - 12.4%)</td>
              <td>11.0% (8.0% - 15.1%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Current</td>
              <td>3.3% (1.6% - 6.3%)</td>
              <td>4.1% (2.2% - 7.4%)</td>
              <td>5.3% (3.0% - 8.9%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Hypertension</bold>
              </td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Yes</td>
              <td>4.4% (3.1% - 6.3%)</td>
              <td>10.7% (8.6% - 13.3%)</td>
              <td>13.5% (11.1% - 16.3%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>No</td>
              <td>2.8% (1.1% - 6.3%)</td>
              <td>4.8% (2.4% - 8.9%)</td>
              <td>6.0% (3.3% - 10.5%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Diabetes</bold>
              </td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Yes</td>
              <td>4.9% (3.0% - 7.7%)</td>
              <td>13.7% (10.4% - 17.8%)</td>
              <td>16.8% (13.1% - 21.1%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>No</td>
              <td>3.8% (2.4% - 5.8%)</td>
              <td>6.6% (4.7% - 9.1%)</td>
              <td>8.5% (6.3% - 11.3%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Dyslipidemia</bold>
              </td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Yes</td>
              <td>3.8% (2.3% - 6.1%)</td>
              <td>10% (7.5% - 13.3%)</td>
              <td>12.4% (9.5% - 15.9%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>No</td>
              <td>4.6% (2.8% - 7.3%)</td>
              <td>8.5% (6.0% - 12.0%)</td>
              <td>11.0% (8.0% - 14.8%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Physical inactivity</bold>
              </td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Yes</td>
              <td>4.8% (3.4% - 6.9%)</td>
              <td>10.6% (8.4% - 13.4%)</td>
              <td>13.1% (10.6% - 16.1%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>No</td>
              <td>3.2% (1.5% - 6.4%)</td>
              <td>7.0% (4.2% - 11.1%)</td>
              <td>8.4% (5.3% - 12.9%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Previous CAD</bold>
              </td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Yes</td>
              <td>5.2% (2.9% - 9.0%)</td>
              <td>11.4% (7.9% - 16.3%)</td>
              <td>13.9% (9.9% - 19.1%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>No</td>
              <td>3.5% (2.3% - 5.4%)</td>
              <td>8.0% (6.1% - 10.6%)</td>
              <td>9.8% (7.6% - 12.5%)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn>
            <p>ACS: acute coronary syndrome; CAD: Coronary artery disease; STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; UA: Unstable angina.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Kaplan&#8211;Meier curves according to ACS subtype at presentation.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-01-0053-50044-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f02">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Kaplan&#8211;Meier curves according to clinical baseline characteristics.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-01-0053-50044-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>We could identify the cause of death, using official information from available death certificates, for 102 (99%) of the 103 participants who died during the first year of follow-up, with only one undefined cause of death. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t05">Table 5</xref> presents the causes and time of death using the 10<sup>th</sup> revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) version 2015 chapters. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t06">Table 6</xref>presents the crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality according to the ACS subtypes and baseline characteristics. Age, NSTEMI or STEMI diagnosis, and diabetes were associated with both outcomes in the adjusted models. Previous CAD was also an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, although only a non-significant trend was observed for cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.066) in adjusted models, probably because of a smaller number of events. After further adjustment for systolic dysfunction and treatment with PTCA for the index event, diabetes (p = 0.013), and age (p = 0.010) remained as significant risk factors for all-cause mortality. An NSTEMI diagnosis (p = 0.047) remained as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular mortality.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t05">
        <label>Table 5</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Causes of death (ICD-10 chapters) during follow-up according to death certificate</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>Cause of death</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>0 to 30 days n = 42</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>31 to 180 days n = 43</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>180 days to one year n = 18</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Total n = 103</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>IX. Diseases of the circulatory system</td>
              <td align="center">36 (85.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">31 (72.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">8 (44.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">75 (72.8%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>II. Neoplasms</td>
              <td align="center">2 (4.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">4 (9.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (11.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">8 (7.8%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>X. Diseases of the respiratory system</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (4.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (16.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (5.8%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>I. Certain infectious and parasitic diseases</td>
              <td align="center">3 (7.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">4 (3.9%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>XX. External causes of morbidity and mortality</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1(2.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (11.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (2.9%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>XI. Diseases of the digestive system</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">3 (7.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">3 (2.9%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>XII. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1(2.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (5.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (1.9%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>XIV. Diseases of the genitourinary system</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1 (5.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.0%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Undefined</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1 (5.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.0%)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t06">
        <label>Table 6</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, according to ACS classification and patient baseline characteristics</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th rowspan="2">&#160;</th>
              <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin">
                <bold>All-cause mortality</bold>
              </th>
              <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin">
                <bold>Cardiovascular mortality</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Crude hazard ratio (95%CI)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Multivariate hazard ratio (95%CI)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Crude hazard ratio (95%CI)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Multivariate hazard ratio (95%CI)</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>Age (per 10-year increase)</td>
              <td align="center">2.09 (1.79 - 2.43)</td>
              <td align="center">2.04 (1.75 - 2.38)</td>
              <td align="center">2.06 (1.71 - 2.48)</td>
              <td align="center">1.98 (1.65 - 2.39)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>ACS subtype</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>STEMI</td>
              <td align="center">1.89 (1.01 - 3.54)</td>
              <td align="center">2.59 (1.38 - 4.89)</td>
              <td align="center">1.69 (0.75 - 3.81)</td>
              <td align="center">2.28 (1.004 - 5.16)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>NSTEMI</td>
              <td align="center">3.90 (2.27 - 6.72)</td>
              <td align="center">3.82 (2.21 - 6.60)</td>
              <td align="center">4.56 (2.32 - 8.99)</td>
              <td align="center">4.39 (2.22 - 8.67)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>UA</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Sex</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Female</td>
              <td align="center">1.45 (1.00 - 2.11)</td>
              <td align="center">1.33 (0.91 - 1.94)</td>
              <td align="center">1.49 (0.95 - 2.34)</td>
              <td align="center">1.33 (0.84 - 2.10)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Male</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Formal education</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>No formal education</td>
              <td align="center">2.16 (1.27 - 3.69)</td>
              <td align="center">1.31 (0.75 - 2.28)</td>
              <td align="center">1.64 (0.85 - 3.18)</td>
              <td align="center">0.96 (0.48 - 1.91)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>1-7 years</td>
              <td align="center">1.54 (1.00 - 2.36)</td>
              <td align="center">1.16 (0.75 - 1.79)</td>
              <td align="center">1.30 (0.78 - 2.16)</td>
              <td align="center">0.96 (0.57 - 1.60)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>&#8805;8 years</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Smoking status</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Current</td>
              <td align="center">0.31 (0.17 - 0.57)</td>
              <td align="center">0.55 (0.29 - 1.04)</td>
              <td align="center">0.37 (0.18 - 0.73)</td>
              <td align="center">0.65 (0.31 - 1.35)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Past</td>
              <td align="center">0.67 (0.43 - 1.05)</td>
              <td align="center">0.81 (0.51 - 1.29)</td>
              <td align="center">0.61 (0.35 - 1.05)</td>
              <td align="center">0.75 (0.42 - 1.33)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Never</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
              <td align="center">Reference</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Hypertension</td>
              <td align="center">2.38 (1.31 - 4.34)</td>
              <td align="center">1.84 (1.00 - 3.37)</td>
              <td align="center">2.15 (1.07 - 4.32)</td>
              <td align="center">1.63 (0.80 - 3.29)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Diabetes</td>
              <td align="center">2.08 (1.41 - 3.06)</td>
              <td align="center">1.78 (1.20 - 2.63)</td>
              <td align="center">2.35 (1.47 - 3.75)</td>
              <td align="center">1.97 (1.23 - 3.16)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Dyslipidemia</td>
              <td align="center">1.13 (0.75 - 1.71)</td>
              <td align="center">1.10 (0.72 - 1.67)</td>
              <td align="center">1.53 (0.91 - 2.56)</td>
              <td align="center">1.47 (0.87 - 2.49)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Physical inactivity</td>
              <td align="center">1.62 (0.99 - 2.65)</td>
              <td align="center">1.37 (0.84 - 2.25)</td>
              <td align="center">1.46 (0.83 - 2.59)</td>
              <td align="center">1.22 (0.69 - 2.17)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Previous CAD</td>
              <td align="center">1.45 (0.95 - 2.23)</td>
              <td align="center">1.61 (1.04 - 2.50)</td>
              <td align="center">1.50 (0.90 - 2.52)</td>
              <td align="center">1.64 (0.97 - 2.78)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn>
            <p>Multivariate adjustment included age, sex, and ACS subtype, except itself; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; CAD: Coronary artery disease; STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; UA: Unstable angina.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>In the present study, we have observed an overall one-year case-fatality rate of 12.0% for patients admitted to a community hospital with a diagnosis of ACS. A significant difference in the mortality rate was noted when the results were stratified by ACS type (5.4%, 9.6%, and 19.2% for participants with UA, STEMI, and NSTEMI diagnoses, respectively). The earliest predictors of poor survival (at 30 days of follow-up) were age and ACS subtype. Age, ACS subtype, diabetes, and a previous CAD diagnosis were independent risk factors for one-year all-cause mortality in our cohort. Restricting mortality data to deaths because of cardiovascular specific causes, we found that age, ACS subtype, and diabetes remained significant independent predictors of poor long-term survival.</p>
      <p>Other authors have also studied post-ACS mortality. The Swedish Register of Cardiac Intensive Care was a prospective observational study in coronary care units of 58 hospitals in Sweden. In an analysis of 19,599 participants of that cohort, Stenestrand et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref> found a one-year post-MI mortality rate of 7.8%. The Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events was a cohort study of 7,930 post-ACS patients from 65 hospitals (71% with a coronary care unit, 43% with on-site catheterization) in six Middle East countries. AlHabib et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> analyzed data from that cohort and found a one-year mortality rate of 11.5% for STEMI patients and 7.7% for patients with a non-ST elevation ACS (UA or NSTEMI). Skelding et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> analyzed observational data from a single specialized center in Pennsylvania, and found a one-year mortality rate of 8% in 2,066 patients who underwent invasive evaluation. Kleopatra et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> similarly analyzed data from 1,986 women with NSTEMI in 155 hospitals from the German Acute Coronary Syndromes registry and found a one-year mortality rate of 8.1% in those who underwent invasive stratification and 24.0% in those who did not. Ruano-Ravina et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> recently analyzed a cohort of 1,461 individuals presenting with STEMI who underwent primary angioplasty in two hospitals in Spain, and found a one-year mortality rate of 9.3%. In Brazil, the Acute Coronary Care Evaluation of Practice Registry (ACCEPT study), a multicenter post-ACS Brazilian study with 2,485 patients, found a 30-day mortality rate of 1.8%, 3.0%, and 3.4% in individuals with UA, NSTEMI, and STEMI, respectively<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>. A study of 1,027 patients with NSTEMI from a single cardiology referral center in the city of S&#227;o Paulo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> found that 5.3% of the participants died or had a new infarction within 30 days.</p>
      <p>The comparison of mortality rates across the post-ACS cohorts must be interpreted with caution. Differences in patient selection and treatment options, including fast-paced advances in treatment in the past years may be partially responsible for unequal results. Compared with results from the recently published ACCEPT study, a Brazilian follow-up study of post-ACS patients, we had higher 30-day mortality rates for NSTEMI patients (7.2% <italic>vs</italic>. 3.0%) and lower for UA patients (0.6%<italic>vs</italic>. 1.8%). Both ACCEPT (up to 30 days) and ERICO (up to one year) trial had a very small loss of vital status information during follow-up, and they were conducted almost simultaneously. In this case, patient selection may be a major contribution for these unequal results. First, inclusion criteria were not the same in these two cohorts. In the ACCEPT study, UA diagnosis relied on remarkable ECG changes (ST depression of at least 1.0 mm or transient ST elevation or ST elevation of 1.0 mm or less, or T-wave inversion of more than 3.0 mm)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>. Although this allowed a more homogeneous UA subgroup, some lower-risk UA patients may be missed with this strategy. We opted for less restrictive criteria, similar to those adopted for the GRACE study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>. Thus, differences in a 30-day mortality rates for UA patients in ERICO and ACCEPT studies may have occurred because of the inclusion of less severe UA patients in our sample. Moreover, as the cut-off troponin I values vary according to the diagnostic kit utilized and the criteria for normality, NSTEMI definition may have varied from center to center. We opted for a cut-off troponin level that fulfilled the criteria of the American Heart Association / European Society of Cardiology<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> and the Committee on Standardization of Markers of Cardiac Damage of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>. Thus, it is possible that some patients, who were included in the NSTEMI group in ACCEPT, would not be included as such in the ERICO trial. Therefore, the lower NSTEMI mortality in ACCEPT may be because of the inclusion of less severe cases, which may partially explain these differences in mortality rates. Finally, as with most ACS registry and post-ACS follow-up studies, tertiary centers and other cardiology referral hospitals may be overrepresented in ACCEPT. For example, a CAD diagnosis before study entry was more frequent in ACCEPT than in ERICO for all ACS subtypes. It is important to highlight that treatment in referral centers only occurs in a minority of patients in many areas of the world, including Brazil. This underlines the need for high-quality data from other non-cardiology specific centers, which will allow for a better understanding of the whole post-ACS population.</p>
      <p>Diabetes was an independent risk factor for one-year mortality in our cohort. This is consistent with the findings of others. In our country, the previously cited study by Santos et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> found that a diabetes diagnosis was significantly associated to all-cause mortality or re-infarction in 30 days. AlFaleh et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> analyzed 6,362 patients from the Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events-2 (Gulf RACE-2), and found that a history of diabetes or new-onset hyperglycemia at admission was associated with higher in-hospital, 30 day, and one-year mortality rates. A retrospective cohort study by Kaul et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> with 25,324 ACS patients in Canada also found diabetes to be an independent risk factor for one-year mortality (HR 1.41; 95%CI 1.24&#8211;1.61). A recent study by Savonitto et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> analyzed 645 individuals aged 75 years or older with a non-ST-elevation ACS diagnosis. In that sample, diabetes and admission hyperglycemia were associated with higher one-year mortality rates. A study of 2,027 patients with MI by Nicolau et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> also found that hyperglycemia was associated with in-hospital mortality, with a more pronounced effect in younger individuals. However, this is still subject of debate in the literature. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) study investigators built a risk predictor model for six-month mortality. Although diabetes was associated with higher mortality in their cohort, a model with eight other clinical predictors (age, congestive heart failure, systolic blood pressure, Killip class, initial serum creatinine concentration, positive initial cardiac markers, cardiac arrest on admission, and ST-segment deviation) contained more than 90% of the predictive information<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>. This suggested that the impact of diabetes diagnosis on long-term mortality was probably mediated by its association with one of the risk factors in the model. In addition, in Aune et al.&#8217;s study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>, based on two cohorts of patients from a hospital without catheterization capabilities in Norway, diabetes was not a predictor of higher one-year mortality (HR 1.01; 95%CI 0.64&#8211;1.59). Differences in study populations may explain conflicting results between Aune et al.&#8217;s study and ours. For example, their cohorts had higher median ages but lower frequency of hypertension, diabetes, and previous CAD prevalence compared with ours. Lower diabetes prevalence, interaction among these factors on mortality risk, and the impact of selection or survival bias may be partially responsible for this difference.</p>
      <p>Our data pointed to a non-significant trend for higher one-year mortality risk in non-smokers compared with current and past smokers. Other authors have also described similar findings<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>. Some explanations have been raised to explain this apparent paradox. First, post-ACS studies only include individuals who actually reached the hospital alive. As some studies associate smoking with sudden coronary death<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>, it is possible that these results may be partially explained by survival bias. Second, non-smokers who had an ACS event usually have more other cardiovascular risk factors compared with non-smokers. However, there have been conflicts in the data regarding the profile for other cardiovascular risk factors if they were sufficient to explain the worse prognosis observed in non-smokers. Robertson et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref> evaluated 13,819 patients with non-ST elevation ACS from the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) trial. They found smoking to be associated to lower one-year mortality compared with non-smokers in crude models (HR 0.80; 95%CI 0.65&#8211;0.98). After adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors, they described higher one-year mortality risk in smokers (HR 1.37; 95%CI 1.07&#8211;1.75). On the other hand, Lee et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>, using data from 41,025 participants from the GUSTO-I trial, found that current smoking was associated to lower 30-day mortality after an ACS event and this protective effect persisted even after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors (p &lt; 0.0001). In our cohort, the association between smoking and lower one-year mortality risk vanished after adjustment for age, sex, and ACS subtype. In addition, the frequency of diabetes, a strong risk factor for mortality in our sample, was higher in non-smokers compared with smokers (48.2% <italic>vs</italic>. 25.5%; p &lt; 0.001), which may at least partially explain the trend towards a higher risk in non-smokers. This negative association between diabetes and smoking is expected, as others have demonstrated that the body-mass index is usually higher in non-smokers<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>.</p>
      <p>At HU-USP, emergencists, intensive care and internal medicine professionals provided treatment during the index event for all ERICO participants. It must be noted that some cardiology procedures as coronary tomography, echocardiogram, and treadmill exercise tests are available onsite. In addition, several cardiologists are on the hospital staff and actively participated in the discussion of ACS cases in the emergency room, although they were not specifically responsible for the treatment of all ACS patients.</p>
      <p>Although one could raise concerns that treatment in community hospitals could induce potential biases mediated by inequalities in treatment compared with specialized centers, we did not observe it in the present study. Comparing our treatment strategies with data from the Brazilian Registry on Acute Coronary Syndromes (BRACE) study, we found that rates of pharmacological treatment in the ERICO cohort were similar or slightly higher compared with the Brazilian southeastern hospitals that were included in BRACE study. We believe that the higher rates in ERICO may be associated with a low frequency of medical treatment contraindications, as we can speculate that the patients in a community hospital often have a lower number of comorbidities compared with those treated in tertiary hospitals. In addition, rates for reperfusion treatment in STEMI patients were also very similar compared with the findings of the BRACE study. The main reason for contraindications (late patient presentation to emergency care) was the same in both studies.</p>
      <p>Some important features of the present study should be highlighted. This was a long-term cohort of post-ACS patients treated in a community, non-cardiology hospital, which has been a scenario that has been frequently neglected. As a community hospital, most patients who sought treatment (including the emergency department) lived in the Butant&#227; borough. Although ERICO was not a population-based study, it had a community basis and its results could be generalized to similar areas. We had very small loss of vital status information or refusals during the follow-up period, which allowed us to adequately calculate mortality rates. Death official records could confirm death causes for more than 90% of the participants who died during follow-up. Thus, we could also study the prognostic role of the clinical variables focusing specifically on cardiovascular mortality. Our study had some limitations. First, this was a single-center study, so its findings cannot be directly extended to all Brazilian population, or compared directly with other populations. However, we do believe that these results from this ongoing cohort, although still described with a follow-up time shorter than in other studies, added novel information on the understanding of ACS patients treated in non-referral centers, who typically had a different risk factor profile compared with those treated in specialized centers<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref>. Second, we did not include information about the influence of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment on results. Nevertheless, we do not believe that inequalities in treatment would invalidate, as confounding factors, the associations presented in this paper. Third, for some variables we probably did not have enough power to conclude for significant risk. As ERICO was a long-term cohort, we can re-evaluate the prognostic role of these variables in the future. Fourth, although the number of lost vital status information during follow-up was small, the predominance of men and younger individuals in the group with censored data may have had some influence on our results. Fifth, we could not retrieve death certificate information from 6.4% of the occurred deaths. In addition, we could not add systematic information for causes of death from chart reviews or interviews with patients&#8217; families and doctors. In both cases, these may also have had an impact in the analyses for cardiovascular mortality.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>We found an overall one-year mortality rate of 12.0% in a sample of post-ACS patients in HU-USP, a community, non-cardiology hospital in S&#227;o Paulo, Brazil. Age, ACS subtype, and diabetes were independent predictors of poor one-year survival for overall and cardiovascular-related causes.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was funded by FAPESP</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bensenor</surname>
            <given-names>Isabela Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff05">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universit&#225;rio</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff06">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Itamar de Souza Santos</bold>, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2565, Cidade Universit&#225;ria. CEP 05508000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>itamarss@usp.br</email>,<email>itamarss@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Santos IS, Goulart AC, Bittencourt MS, Sitnik D, Pereira AC, Lotufo PA, Bensenor IM. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Santos IS, Goulart AC, Brand&#227;o RM, Santos RCO, Bittencourt MS, Sitnik D, Pastore CA, Samesima N. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Santos IS, Goulart AC, Brand&#227;o RM, Santos RCO, Bittencourt MS, Sitnik D, Pereira AC, Pastore CA, Samesima N, Lotufo PA, Bensenor IM. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Santos IS, Goulart AC. Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Santos IS, Bensenor IM. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Santos IS, Bensenor IM. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Goulart AC, Brand&#227;o RM, Santos RCO, Bittencourt MS, Sitnik D, Pereira AC, Pastore CA, Samesima N, Lotufo PA.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Dados sobre sobrevida ap&#243;s uma s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) s&#227;o geralmente de curto prazo ou baseados em centros cardiol&#243;gicos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Descrever a frequ&#234;ncia de ocorr&#234;ncia de &#243;bito em um ano no Estudo de Registro de Insufici&#234;ncia Coronariana (ERICO), e seus preditores.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Foram analisados 964 participantes ERICO inclu&#237;dos de fevereiro/2009 a dezembro/2012. O estado vital dos participantes foi obtido por telefone e fontes oficiais de &#243;bito. A causa de morte foi determinada pelos certificados de &#243;bito. Foi utilizado o teste log-rank para comparar probabilidades de sobreviv&#234;ncia. Constru&#237;mos modelos de regress&#227;o de Cox, brutos e ajustados (para idade, sexo e subtipo de SCA), para estudar se o subtipo de SCA ou caracter&#237;sticas de entrada no estudo foram preditores independentes de mortalidade.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Identificamos 110 &#243;bitos (frequ&#234;ncia de ocorr&#234;ncia de &#243;bito, 12,0%). A idade (risco relativo [RR] em 10 anos = 2,04; intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95% [IC95%]=1,75-2,38), infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (RR = 3,82; IC95% = 2,21-6,60) ou infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (RR = 2,59; IC95% = 1,38&#8209;4,89) e diabetes (RR = 1,78; IC95% = 1,20-2,63) foram fatores de risco significativos para mortalidade geral em modelos ajustados. Encontramos resultados semelhantes para mortalidade cardiovascular. Diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana tamb&#233;m foi um preditor independente de mortalidade geral (RR = 1,61; IC95% = 1,04-2,50), mas n&#227;o de mortalidade cardiovascular.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Encontramos uma frequ&#234;ncia de ocorr&#234;ncia de &#243;bito em um ano de 12,0% nesta amostra de pacientes p&#243;s-SCA de um hospital comunit&#225;rio em S&#227;o Paulo. Idade, subtipo de SCA e diabetes foram preditores independentes de pior sobrevida em um ano.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda / mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Letalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudos de Coortes</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) &#233; um termo amplo que abrange infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (IMEST), infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (IMSEST) e angina inst&#225;vel (AI). Eventos de SCA s&#227;o frequentes no Brasil e no mundo <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. Nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, o aumento da popula&#231;&#227;o idosa e da preval&#234;ncia de alguns fatores de risco cardiovasculares, como a obesidade <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> e o diabetes <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>, contribu&#237;ram para aumentar o numero de indiv&#237;duos que sofrem de SCA. Al&#233;m disso, estrat&#233;gias bem-sucedidas de organiza&#231;&#227;o no sistema de presta&#231;&#227;o de cuidados <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>, melhorias no tratamento hospitalar da SCA <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>, melhores op&#231;&#245;es para o controle de complica&#231;&#245;es a longo prazo para a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>, bem como, para preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>, aumentaram o tempo m&#233;dio de sobreviv&#234;ncia dos pacientes com SCA que s&#227;o tratados.</p>
        <p>Desta forma, informa&#231;&#245;es a longo prazo sobre a sobreviv&#234;ncia ap&#243;s um evento de SCA s&#227;o de grande interesse. A maioria dos estudos de p&#243;s-SCA de longo prazo concentram-se em pacientes tratados em centros de refer&#234;ncia em cardiologia ou em unidades que tenham divis&#245;es de cardiologia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. Contudo, a maioria dos pacientes com SCA procura por tratamento em hospitais comunit&#225;rios n&#227;o especializados<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>. Normalmente, esses locais n&#227;o realizam cateterismo e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e n&#227;o possuem uma unidade coronariana. Em um dos poucos estudos com essa abordagem, Aune e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> descreveram uma taxa de mortalidade em um ano de 16% em 307 pacientes p&#243;s-IM (Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio), tratados em um hospital n&#227;o especializado na Noruega, ap&#243;s a institui&#231;&#227;o de um sistema de refer&#234;ncia para procedimentos card&#237;acos invasivos em um centro de refer&#234;ncia em cardiologia.</p>
        <p>A Estrat&#233;gia de Registro de Insufici&#234;ncia Coronariana (ERICO) &#233; um estudo de coorte de indiv&#237;duos internados para o tratamento de um evento de SCA no Hospital Universit&#225;rio da USP (HU-USP), um hospital comunit&#225;rio de S&#227;o Paulo, Brasil. Os principais objetivos deste artigo s&#227;o: (1) descrever a mortalidade geral em um ano em pacientes participantes do ERICO, uma vez que hospitais n&#227;o referenciados comp&#245;em um cen&#225;rio sub-representado no tratamento da SCA na maioria dos estudos de p&#243;s-SCA e (2) estudar as caracter&#237;sticas basais preditoras para um desfecho fatal durante o primeiro ano de acompanhamento. Como objetivo secund&#225;rio, descrevemos tamb&#233;m as taxas e preditores cl&#237;nicos para a mortalidade cardiovascular nessa amostra.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Delineamento e amostra do estudo</title>
          <p>O delineamento do estudo ERICO foi detalhadamente descrito anteriormente<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. Resumidamente, &#233; um estudo de coorte de indiv&#237;duos internados por SCA em um dos 260 leitos do HU-USP, um hospital-escola comunit&#225;rio regional no bairro do Butant&#227;, S&#227;o Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. O Butant&#227; tinha uma &#225;rea 12,5 km<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02 ">2  </xref>e uma popula&#231;&#227;o de 428,000 habitantes em 2010<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>. Essa &#225;rea destaca-se pelas desigualdades socioecon&#244;micas; embora a sua renda familiar m&#233;dia seja mais elevada do que a m&#233;dia da cidade, 13,1% dos habitantes vivem em favelas (a m&#233;dia da cidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#233; de 11,1%)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>. Como a maioria dos hospitais comunit&#225;rios n&#227;o especializados, o HU-USP n&#227;o realiza procedimentos de cateteriza&#231;&#227;o ou revasculariza&#231;&#227;o. Grande parte dos pacientes que necessitam de cuidados cardiol&#243;gicos especializados s&#227;o transferidos imediatamente para o Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor), um centro de refer&#234;ncia em cardiologia, localizado a oito quil&#244;metros de dist&#226;ncia do hospital comunit&#225;rio, com servi&#231;os de emerg&#234;ncia ininterruptos. Essa coopera&#231;&#227;o entre o HU-USP e InCor foi estabelecida v&#225;rios anos antes do ERICO e persiste at&#233; agora. Durante a fase intra-hospitalar, os pacientes s&#227;o tratados na enfermaria de emerg&#234;ncia, enfermarias de medicina interna e/ou na unidade de terapia intensiva.</p>
          <p>Os participantes do ERICO devem cumprir crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos de IMEST, IMSEST ou de AI (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t07">Tabela 1</xref>). No in&#237;cio do estudo, entrevistadores treinados obtiveram dados sobre caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas, fatores de risco cardiovascular e medicamentos. Durante a fase intra-hospitalar, todos os assuntos foram tratados com discri&#231;&#227;o pelos funcion&#225;rios do hospital, atrav&#233;s de procedimentos padr&#227;o, sem a influ&#234;ncia do protocolo do estudo. Os participantes foram reavaliados (cl&#237;nica e laboratorialmente) por um m&#233;dico 30 dias ap&#243;s o evento agudo. De acordo com o protocolo do estudo ERICO, ap&#243;s 6 meses, um ano, e anualmente, todos os participantes foram contatados por telefone para atualizar as informa&#231;&#245;es sobre o seu estado vital e os desfechos n&#227;o fatais. Aqui, apresentamos informa&#231;&#245;es de 964 participantes inscritos no ERICO de fevereiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2012.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t07">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Crit&#233;rios de diagnostico do ERICO (adaptado de Goulart e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
                    <bold>Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio:</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ambos os seguintes crit&#233;rios:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#149;Sintomas compat&#237;veis com isquemia card&#237;aca dentro de 24 horas da apresenta&#231;&#227;o hospitalar  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#149;N&#237;veis de troponina I acima do percentil 99, com um coeficiente de varia&#231;&#227;o &lt; 10% do teste espec&#237;fico.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:thin">
                    <bold>Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o de ST:  </bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ambos os seguintes crit&#233;rios:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#149;Crit&#233;rios para diagnostico de IM</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#149;(a) Um dos seguintes: (a) eleva&#231;&#227;o persistente do segmento ST de &gt; 1 mm em duas deriva&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas cont&#237;guas; (b) presen&#231;a de um novo ou presumivelmente novo bloqueio do ramo esquerdo.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:thin">
                    <bold>Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem eleva&#231;&#227;o de ST:</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ambos os seguintes crit&#233;rios:  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#149; Criterios para diagnostico de IM</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#149;Aus&#234;ncia de crit&#233;rios para diagn&#243;stico de IM com eleva&#231;&#227;o de ST.  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:thin">
                    <bold>Angina inst&#225;vel:</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Todos os tr&#234;s crit&#233;rios:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#149; Sintomas compat&#237;veis com isquemia card&#237;aca 24 horas antes da admiss&#227;o hospitalar</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#149; Aus&#234;ncia de crit&#233;rios do IM</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#149; Pelo menos um dos seguintes: (a) hist&#243;ria de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; (b) teste de estratifica&#231;&#227;o positivo para doen&#231;a coronariana (invasiva ou n&#227;o-invasiva); (c) altera&#231;&#227;o transit&#243;ria do segmento ST &#8805;0,5 mil&#237;metros em duas deriva&#231;&#245;es cont&#237;guas, nova invers&#227;o de onda T de &#8805;1 mm e/ou pseudo normaliza&#231;&#227;o de ondas T anteriormente invertidas; (d) troponina I &gt; 0,4 ng / ml; ou (e) concord&#226;ncia diagn&#243;stica de dois m&#233;dicos independentes.</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Informa&#231;&#245;es complementares</title>
          <p>Definimos a mortalidade em um ano com base no estado vital aos 360 dias ap&#243;s a interna&#231;&#227;o. Registros oficiais de morte foram pesquisados para obter informa&#231;&#245;es sobre todos os participantes que (1) sab&#237;amos que haviam falecido ou (2) n&#227;o pod&#237;amos entrar em contato naquele momento. O estado vital durante o acompanhamento era atualizado atrav&#233;s de registros m&#233;dicos e certid&#245;es de &#243;bito em colabora&#231;&#227;o com as secretarias de sa&#250;de do munic&#237;pio e do Estado. A equipe da pesquisa preparava regularmente uma lista dos &#243;bitos e das pessoas com quem o contato havia sido perdido. Secretarias de sa&#250;de do estado e do munic&#237;pio realizaram uma pesquisa em seus arquivos para a obten&#231;&#227;o das certid&#245;es de &#243;bito e passaram esse resultado para a equipe de pesquisa do ERICO. Dois m&#233;dicos analisaram esses dados e classificaram a causa da morte dos participantes de acordo com informa&#231;&#245;es das certid&#245;es de &#243;bito. Se necess&#225;rio, um terceiro m&#233;dico analisava a certid&#227;o de &#243;bito e uma reuni&#227;o para consenso era realizada. Havia morte por causa cardiovascular (mortalidade cardiovascular) se a causa identificada da morte classificava-se na vers&#227;o 10 da Classifica&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Doen&#231;as (CID-10), cap&#237;tulo IX "Doen&#231;as do aparelho circulat&#243;rio" ou se identific&#225;ssemos a causa da morte de acordo com o c&#243;digo CID-10 R57.0 "Choque cardiog&#234;nico&#8221;.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Outras Vari&#225;veis</title>
          <p>Dados sociodemogr&#225;ficos foram obtidos por meio de entrevista e complementados com registros do hospital. A idade foi usada como uma vari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua (para a maioria das an&#225;lises) ou categorizada em &lt; 55, 55-64, 65-74 e &#8805; 75 anos. O n&#237;vel de escolaridade formal foi categorizado em: nenhuma escolaridade, 1-7 e &#8805; 8 anos. Na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial, foram utilizados dados auto-relatados de tabagismo (nunca, passado ou atual) e diagn&#243;stico de hipertens&#227;o arterial, diabetes, dislipidemia, sedentarismo e doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) pr&#233;via.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Considera&#231;&#245;es &#201;ticas</title>
          <p>O Protocolo do estudo est&#225; em conformidade com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki. O conselho de revis&#227;o institucional do hospital aprovou o protocolo de pesquisa (Comit&#234; de &#201;tica Aprova&#231;&#227;o 866/08). Termo de consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os pacientes com SCA internados no hospital que concordaram em participar do estudo, e cada participante recebeu uma c&#243;pia do formul&#225;rio de consentimento.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Testes Qui-quadrado e Wilcoxon foram utilizados para comparar indiv&#237;duos que possu&#237;am dados censurados com aqueles com informa&#231;&#245;es completas do estado vital. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o apresentados como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas como n&#250;meros absolutos e propor&#231;&#245;es. As taxas de letalidade, com os respectivos intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95%, s&#227;o apresentadas de acordo com o subtipo de SCA, idade, sexo, anos de escolaridade formal, tabagismo, hipertens&#227;o, diabetes e diagn&#243;sticos de dislipidemia, inatividade f&#237;sica e diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de DAC. Os dados de sobreviv&#234;ncia s&#227;o tamb&#233;m apresentados de acordo com o subtipo da SCA na admiss&#227;o hospitalar e caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas basais, utilizando curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Testes de log-rank foram usados para comparar as probabilidades de sobreviv&#234;ncia em 30 dias, 180 dias e um ano entre os subgrupos.</p>
          <p>Modelos de regress&#227;o de Cox brutos e ajustados foram constru&#237;dos para estudar se o sexo, a escolaridade, o tabagismo, a hipertens&#227;o arterial, o diabetes, a dislipidemia, o sedentarismo ou DAC pr&#233;via foram preditores independentes de causas de mortalidade geral ou cardiovascular em nosso estudo de coorte. Todos os modelos ajustados inclu&#237;ram sexo, idade e subtipo de SCA como co-vari&#225;veis. N&#243;s constru&#237;mos um modelo <italic>post hoc</italic>, incluindo disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica (fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o abaixo de 40%) e tratamento com angioplastia transluminal percut&#226;nea (ATP) para o evento &#237;ndice como co-vari&#225;veis. Resultados da regress&#227;o de Cox restringindo a vari&#225;vel dependente para a ocorr&#234;ncia de &#243;bitos por causas cardiovasculares, censurando participantes que foram a &#243;bito por causas n&#227;o cardiovasculares, s&#227;o tamb&#233;m apresentados. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia foi estabelecido em 0,05. Foi utilizado o software R vers&#227;o 2.13.1<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>A amostra incluiu 269 (27,9%) indiv&#237;duos com IMEST, 378 (39,2%) com IMSEST e 317 (32,9%) com diagn&#243;stico de AI. Encontramos altas frequ&#234;ncias de hipertens&#227;o arterial (77,2%), inatividade f&#237;sica (71,9%), dislipidemia (54,9%) e diabetes (39,6%). A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t08">Tabela 2</xref> mostra as caracter&#237;sticas basais da amostra do estudo. A mediana da dura&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o foi de 4 dias para os indiv&#237;duos com AI e de 8 dias para os indiv&#237;duos com IMEST e IMSEST, com uma taxa de 3,0% de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Dados preliminares sobre tratamento m&#233;dico hospitalar revelaram que a aspirina foi administrada a 98,3% dos pacientes, o clopidogrel a 95,9%, heparina a 96,0%, as estatinas a 91,9%, os betabloqueadores a 83,6% e os inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina e/ou bloqueadores do receptor da angiotensina a 84,0% (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t09">Tabela 3</xref>). Quanto &#224;s estrat&#233;gias de estratifica&#231;&#227;o, 69,9%, 82,0% e 48,3% dos pacientes com IMSEST, IMEST e AI, respectivamente, no ERICO submeteram-se &#224; cinecoronariografia para o &#237;ndice do evento. A angioplastia foi realizada em 58,2% dos participantes do ERICO, dos quais se obteve uma cinecoronariografia, com uma taxa de sucesso de 96,3%. Terapia de reperfus&#227;o para o &#237;ndice do evento foi realizada em 72,2% dos casos de IMEST. Tromb&#243;lise foi a estrat&#233;gia escolhida em 79,9% dos pacientes com IMEST para os quais a estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o foi indicada. A causa mais frequente de contraindica&#231;&#227;o do tratamento de reperfus&#227;o em pacientes com IMEST foi a apresenta&#231;&#227;o tardia do paciente ao atendimento de emerg&#234;ncia (69,2% dos participantes IMEST sem tratamento de reperfus&#227;o). Nenhuma das caracter&#237;sticas basais estudadas foi associada com a decis&#227;o de reperfus&#227;o ou a sele&#231;&#227;o estrat&#233;gia. Apesar de n&#227;o constaremno protocolo do estudo, ecocardiogramas foram realizados em 66,4% e 77,3% dos participantes do ERICO com IMSEST e IMEST respectivamente. Com base nesses dados, uma fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o abaixo de 50% foi observada em 35,9% e 36,5% dos participantes e uma fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o abaixo de 40% em 14,3% e 7,2% dos participantes do ERICO com IMSEST e IMEST respectivamente.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t08">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas basais dos participantes do estudo</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th>&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>IMEST</bold>
                  <bold>n = 269</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>IMSEST</bold>
                  <bold>n = 378</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>AI</bold>
                  <bold>n = 317</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Total</bold>
                  <bold>n = 964</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="5">
                  <bold>Idade (anos)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Mediana</td>
                <td align="center">59,0</td>
                <td align="center">64,5</td>
                <td align="center">62,0</td>
                <td align="center">62,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Varia&#231;&#227;o Interquartil</td>
                <td align="center">51,0 - 68,0</td>
                <td align="center">55,0 - 75,0</td>
                <td align="center">54,0 - 73,0</td>
                <td align="center">53,0 - 73,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sexo masculino (%)</td>
                <td align="center">181 (67,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">223 (59,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">166 (52,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">570 (59,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>N&#237;vel de escolaridade (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sem escolaridade</td>
                <td align="center">27 (10,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (13,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">49 (15,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">126 (13,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>1 - 7 anos</td>
                <td align="center">113 (42,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">169 (44,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">132 (41,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">414 (43,0%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#8805;8 anos</td>
                <td align="center">128 (47,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">158 (41,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">136 (42,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">422 (43,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tabagismo (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Nunca</td>
                <td align="center">68 (26,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">120 (34,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">100 (34,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">288 (31,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ex-fumante</td>
                <td align="center">88 (34,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">121 (34,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">130 (44,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">339 (37,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ativo</td>
                <td align="center">102 (39,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">112 (31,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">64 (21,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">278 (30,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipertens&#227;o (%)</td>
                <td align="center">164 (63,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">291 (78,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">272 (87,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">727 (77,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diabetes (%)</td>
                <td align="center">77 (30,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">165 (44,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">127 (41,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">369 (39,6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dislipidemia (%)</td>
                <td align="center">102 (46,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">187 (55,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">166 (61,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">455 (54,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Inatividade f&#237;sica (%)</td>
                <td align="center">173 (69,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">261 (72,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">210 (72,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">644 (71,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DAC pr&#233;via (%)</td>
                <td align="center">37 (14,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">83 (24,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">129 (45,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">249 (28,4%)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>DAC: Doen&#231;a arterial coronaria; IMEST: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o ST; IMSEST: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem eleva&#231;&#227;o ST; AI: Angina inst&#225;vel.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t09">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Medica&#231;&#227;o durante o tratamento hospitalar na amostra</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th>
                  <bold>Medicamento</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>IMEST</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>IMSEST</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>AI</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Aspirina</td>
                <td align="center">99,2%</td>
                <td align="center">98,6%</td>
                <td align="center">97,8%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Clopidogrel</td>
                <td align="center">99,2%</td>
                <td align="center">97,7%</td>
                <td align="center">95,6%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Heparina</td>
                <td align="center">95,9%</td>
                <td align="center">97,7%</td>
                <td align="center">96,3%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Estatinas</td>
                <td align="center">95,5%</td>
                <td align="center">92,6%</td>
                <td align="center">89,7%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Betabloqueadores</td>
                <td align="center">87,2%</td>
                <td align="center">80,9%</td>
                <td align="center">84,6%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Inibidores ECA e/ou BRA</td>
                <td align="center">86,4%</td>
                <td align="center">85,1%</td>
                <td align="center">81,0%</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>ECA: Enzima conversora de angiotensina; BRA: bloqueador do receptor de angiotensina.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Durante o primeiro ano de seguimento, tivemos informa&#231;&#245;es completas do estado vital de 918 (95,2%) participantes nesta amostra. Indiv&#237;duos com dados de estado vital censurados durante o acompanhamento eram mais propensos a ser do sexo masculino e mais jovens (p &lt; 0,001 para ambos), em compara&#231;&#227;o com aqueles com informa&#231;&#245;es completas.</p>
        <p>Foram identificadas 42 (taxa de letalidade, 4,4%), 90 (taxa de letalidade, 9,6%) e 110 (taxa de letalidade, 12,0%) mortes em 30 dias, 180 dias e um ano, respectivamente. As taxas de letalidade por subgrupos (com os respectivos intervalos de 95% de confian&#231;a) em 30 dias, 180 dias e um ano est&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Tabela 4</xref>. A an&#225;lise de sobreviv&#234;ncia utilizando curvas de Kaplan-Meier de acordo com o subtipo de SCA na apresenta&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 1</xref>) e as caracter&#237;sticas basais (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 2</xref>) tamb&#233;m s&#227;o apresentadas. A an&#225;lise das taxas de sobreviv&#234;ncia em 30 dias, 180 dias e um ano, indica a idade e os subtipos de SCA como preditores para mortalidade em 30 dias (p &lt; 0,001 para ambos). Idade, diagn&#243;stico de IMSEST, baixa escolaridade, nunca ter fumado, hipertens&#227;o e diabetes foram significativamente associados &#224; pior sobrevida em 180 dias e um ano de acompanhamento. Al&#233;m disso, verificou-se que sexo feminino e inatividade f&#237;sica apresentaram uma associa&#231;&#227;o com pior progn&#243;stico para um ano, com signific&#226;ncia lim&#237;trofe (p = 0,05 para ambos).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t10">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Taxas de letalidade de acordo com caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas basais em 30 dias, 180 dias e um ano de acompanhamento</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th>&#160;</th>
                <th colspan="3" align="center" style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin">
                  <bold>Taxas de letalidade (95% de intervalo de confian&#231;a)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th>&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>30 dias</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>180 dias</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Um ano</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Subtipo de SCA</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IMEST</td>
                <td align="center">4,9% (2,7% - 8,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">7,5% (4,8% - 11,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">9,6% (6,4% - 14,0%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IMSEST</td>
                <td align="center">7,2% (4,9% - 10,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">16,2% (12,7% - 20,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">19,2% (15,3% - 23,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>AI</td>
                <td align="center">0,6% (0,1% - 2,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">3,3% (1,7% - 6,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">5,4% (3,2% - 8,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Idade</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&lt; 55 anos</td>
                <td align="center">1,5% (0,5% - 4,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,6% (0,5% - 4,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">2,4% (1,0% - 5,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>55 - 64 anos</td>
                <td align="center">1,1% (0,3% - 3,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">5,5% (3,2% - 9,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">6,8% (4,2% - 10,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>65 - 74 anos</td>
                <td align="center">4,7% (2,4% - 8,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">11,8% (7,9% - 17,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">13,8% (9,6% - 19,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#8805;75 anos</td>
                <td align="center">12,4% (8,3% - 17,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">22,9% (17,4% - 29,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">28,6% (22,6% - 35,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">3,9% (2,5% - 5,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">8,2% (6,1% - 10,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">10,4% (8,0% - 13,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">5,1% (3,2% - 7,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">11,5% (8,6% - 15,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">14,2% (11,0% - 18,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>N&#237;vel de escolaridade</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sem escolaridade</td>
                <td align="center">4,8% (2,0% - 10,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">13,1% (7,9% - 20,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">18,3% (12,1% - 26,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>1 - 7 anos</td>
                <td align="center">4,9% (3,1% - 7,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">11,1% (8,3% - 14,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">13,1% (10,0% - 17,0%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#8805;8 anos</td>
                <td align="center">3,6% (2,1% - 6,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">6,8% (4,7% - 9,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">8,8% (6,3% - 12,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tabagismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Nunca</td>
                <td align="center">4,9% (2,8% - 8,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">13,2% (9,6% - 17,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">16,1% (12,1% - 21,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ex-fumante</td>
                <td align="center">3,3% (1,7% - 5,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">8,7% (6,0% - 12,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">11,0% (8,0% - 15,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ativo</td>
                <td align="center">3,3% (1,6% - 6,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">4,1% (2,2% - 7,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">5,3% (3,0% - 8,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Hipertens&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">4,4% (3,1% - 6,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">10,7% (8,6% - 13,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">13,5% (11,1% - 16,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">2,8% (1,1% - 6,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">4,8% (2,4% - 8,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">6,0% (3,3% - 10,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">4,9% (3,0% - 7,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">13,7% (10,4% - 17,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">16,8% (13,1% - 21,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">3,8% (2,4% - 5,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">6,6% (4,7% - 9,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">8,5% (6,3% - 11,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Dislipidemia</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">3,8% (2,3% - 6,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">10% (7,5% - 13,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">12,4% (9,5% - 15,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">4,6% (2,8% - 7,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">8,5% (6,0% - 12,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">11,0% (8,0% - 14,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Inatividade f&#237;sica</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">4,8% (3,4% - 6,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">10,6% (8,4% - 13,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">13,1% (10,6% - 16,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">3,2% (1,5% - 6,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">7,0% (4,2% - 11,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">8,4% (5,3% - 12,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>DAC pr&#233;via</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">5,2% (2,9% - 9,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">11,4% (7,9% - 16,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">13,9% (9,9% - 19,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">3,5% (2,3% - 5,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">8,0% (6,1% - 10,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">9,8% (7,6% - 12,5%)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>SCA: s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda; DAC: Doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria arterial; IMEST: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o ST; IMSEST: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem eleva&#231;&#227;o ST; AI: angina inst&#225;vel.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <fig id="f03">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Curvas de Kaplan-Meier de acordo com o subtipo de SCA na apresenta&#231;&#227;o.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-01-0053-50044-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f04">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Curvas de Kaplan-Meier de acordo com as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas basais.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-105-01-0053-50044-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <p>Pudemos identificar a causa da morte, usando a informa&#231;&#227;o oficial das certid&#245;es de &#243;bito dispon&#237;veis, para 102 (99%) dos 103 participantes que morreram no primeiro ano de acompanhamento com apenas uma causa indefinida da morte. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t11">Tabela 5</xref> apresenta as causas e a hora da morte de acordo com a 10&#170; revis&#227;o da Classifica&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Doen&#231;as (CID-10) cap&#237;tulos vers&#227;o 2015. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t12">Tabela 6</xref> apresenta as taxas de risco ajustado e bruto (RR) para a Mortalidade geral e mortalidade cardiovascular de acordo com os subtipos SCA e caracter&#237;sticas iniciais. Idade, diagn&#243;stico de IMSEST ou IMEST e diabetes, foram associados com ambos os resultados dos modelos ajustados. DAC pr&#233;via tamb&#233;m foi um preditor independente de mortalidade geral, embora apenas uma tend&#234;ncia n&#227;o significativa tenha sido observada para a mortalidade cardiovascular (p = 0,066) em modelos ajustados, provavelmente devido a um n&#250;mero menor de eventos. Depois de mais ajustes para a disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica e tratamento com ATP para o &#237;ndice do evento, diabetes (p = 0,013) e idade (p = 0,010) permaneceram como fatores de risco significativos para todas as causas de mortalidade. Diagn&#243;stico de IMSEST (p = 0,047) manteve-se como um importante fator de risco para a mortalidade cardiovascular.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t11">
          <label>Tabela 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Causas de morte (CID-10 cap&#237;tulos) durante o acompanhamento de acordo com as certid&#245;es de &#243;bito</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th rowspan="2" align="left">
                  <bold>Causa da morte</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>0 a 30 dias</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>31 a 180 dias</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>180 dias a um ano</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Total</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>n = 42</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>n = 43</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>n = 18</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>n = 103</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IX. Doen&#231;as do sistema circulat&#243;rio</td>
                <td align="center">36 (85,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (72,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (44,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">75 (72,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>II. Neoplasias</td>
                <td align="center">2 (4,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (9,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (11,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (7,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>X. Doen&#231;as do sistema respirat&#243;rio</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (4,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (16,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (5,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>I. Algumas doen&#231;as infecciosas e parasit&#225;rias</td>
                <td align="center">3 (7,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">4 (3,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>XX. Causas externas de morbidade e de mortalidade</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1(2,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (11,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>XI. Doen&#231;as do sistema digestivo</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">3 (7,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>XII. Doen&#231;as da pele e do tecido subcut&#226;neo</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1(2,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (1,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>XIV. Doen&#231;as do sistema geniturin&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,0%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Indefinida</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,0%)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t12">
          <label>Tabela 6</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Raz&#245;es de riscos brutos e ajustados (Intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%) para Mortalidade geral e cardiovascular, de acordo com a classifica&#231;&#227;o SCA e as caracter&#237;sticas iniciais dos pacientes</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th rowspan="2">&#160;</th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin">
                  <bold>Mortalidade geral</bold>
                </th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:thin">
                  <bold>Mortalidade cardiovascular</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Raz&#227;o de risco bruto (95%IC)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Raz&#227;o de risco multivariada (95%IC)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Raz&#227;o de risco bruto(95%IC)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Raz&#227;o de risco multivariada (95%IC)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade (a cada 10 anos)</td>
                <td align="center">2,09 (1,79 - 2,43)</td>
                <td align="center">2,04 (1,75 - 2,38)</td>
                <td align="center">2,06 (1,71 - 2,48)</td>
                <td align="center">1,98 (1,65 - 2,39)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Subtipo de SCA</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IMEST</td>
                <td align="center">1,89 (1,01 - 3,54)</td>
                <td align="center">2,59 (1,38 - 4,89)</td>
                <td align="center">1,69 (0,75 - 3,81)</td>
                <td align="center">2,28 (1,004 - 5,16)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IMSEST</td>
                <td align="center">3,90 (2,27 - 6,72)</td>
                <td align="center">3,82 (2,21 - 6,60)</td>
                <td align="center">4,56 (2,32 - 8,99)</td>
                <td align="center">4,39 (2,22 - 8,67)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>AI</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">1,45 (1,00 - 2,11)</td>
                <td align="center">1,33 (0,91 - 1,94)</td>
                <td align="center">1,49 (0,95 - 2,34)</td>
                <td align="center">1,33 (0,84 - 2,10)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>N&#237;vel de escolaridade</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sem escolaridade</td>
                <td align="center">2,16 (1,27 - 3,69)</td>
                <td align="center">1,31 (0,75 - 2,28)</td>
                <td align="center">1,64 (0,85 - 3,18)</td>
                <td align="center">0,96 (0,48 - 1,91)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>1 - 7 anos</td>
                <td align="center">1,54 (1,00 - 2,36)</td>
                <td align="center">1,16 (0,75 - 1,79)</td>
                <td align="center">1,30 (0,78 - 2,16)</td>
                <td align="center">0,96 (0,57 - 1,60)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#8805; 8 anos</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tabagismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
                <td align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Nunca</td>
                <td align="center">0,31 (0,17 - 0,57)</td>
                <td align="center">0,55 (0,29 - 1,04)</td>
                <td align="center">0,37 (0,18 - 0,73)</td>
                <td align="center">0,65 (0,31 - 1,35)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ex-fumante</td>
                <td align="center">0,67 (0,43 - 1,05)</td>
                <td align="center">0,81 (0,51 - 1,29)</td>
                <td align="center">0,61 (0,35 - 1,05)</td>
                <td align="center">0,75 (0,42 - 1,33)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ativo</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
                <td align="center">Reference</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipertens&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">2,38 (1,31 - 4,34)</td>
                <td align="center">1,84 (1,00 - 3,37)</td>
                <td align="center">2,15 (1,07 - 4,32)</td>
                <td align="center">1,63 (0,80 - 3,29)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diabetes</td>
                <td align="center">2,08 (1,41 - 3,06)</td>
                <td align="center">1,78 (1,20 - 2,63)</td>
                <td align="center">2,35 (1,47 - 3,75)</td>
                <td align="center">1,97 (1,23 - 3,16)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">1,13 (0,75 - 1,71)</td>
                <td align="center">1,10 (0,72 - 1,67)</td>
                <td align="center">1,53 (0,91 - 2,56)</td>
                <td align="center">1,47 (0,87 - 2,49)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Inatividade f&#237;sica</td>
                <td align="center">1,62 (0,99 - 2,65)</td>
                <td align="center">1,37 (0,84 - 2,25)</td>
                <td align="center">1,46 (0,83 - 2,59)</td>
                <td align="center">1,22 (0,69 - 2,17)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DAC pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">1,45 (0,95 - 2,23)</td>
                <td align="center">1,61 (1,04 - 2,50)</td>
                <td align="center">1,50 (0,90 - 2,52)</td>
                <td align="center">1,64 (0,97 - 2,78)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>O ajuste multivariado incluiu idade, sexo e subtipo de SCA, exceto por ele mesmo; SCA; s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; IMEST: Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do ST; IMSEST; infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do ST; AI; angina inst&#225;vel.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>No presente estudo, observamos uma taxa de letalidade global de um ano de 12,0% para os pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de SCA internados em um hospital comunit&#225;rio. Uma diferen&#231;a significativa na taxa de mortalidade foi observada quando os resultados foram estratificados por tipo de SCA (5,4%, 9,6% e 19,2% para os participantes com diagn&#243;sticos de AI, IMEST e IMSEST, respectivamente). Os preditores mais precoces de pior sobrevida (em 30 dias de acompanhamento) foram idade e subtipo de SCA. Idade, subtipo de SCA, diabetes e diagn&#243;stico de DAC pr&#233;via foram fatores de risco independentes para Mortalidade em um ano de nosso estudo de coorte. Restringindo os dados de mortalidade para os &#243;bitos por causas cardiovasculares espec&#237;ficas, observamos que idade, subtipo de SCA e diabetes permaneceram como preditores independentes significativos de pior sobrevida a longo prazo.</p>
        <p>Outros autores tamb&#233;m estudaram mortalidade p&#243;s-SCA. O Registro Sueco de Terapia Card&#237;aca Intensiva (<italic>The Swedish Register of Cardiac Intensive Care</italic>) &#233; um estudo observacional prospectivo, em unidades de cuidados intensivos coron&#225;rios de 58 hospitais na Su&#233;cia. Em uma an&#225;lise de 19.599 participantes desse grupo, Stenestrand e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref> encontraram uma taxa de mortalidade p&#243;s-IM em um ano de 7,8%. O Registro de Eventos Coron&#225;rios Agudos do Golfo (<italic>Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events</italic>) &#233; um estudo de coorte de 7.930 pacientes p&#243;s-SCA realizado em 65 hospitais (71% com uma unidade coronariana, 43% com cateterismo no local) em seis pa&#237;ses do Oriente M&#233;dio. AlHabib e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> analisaram os dados dessa coorte e encontraram uma taxa de mortalidade em um ano de 11,5% para pacientes com IMEST e de 7,7% para pacientes com SCA sem eleva&#231;&#227;o de ST (AI ou IMSEST). Skelding e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>, analisaram os dados observacionais de um &#250;nico centro especializado na Pensilv&#226;nia, e encontraram uma taxa de mortalidade em um ano, de 8% em 2.066 pacientes que foram submetidos &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o invasiva. Semelhantemente, Kleopatra e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> analisaram dados de 1.986 mulheres com IMSEST em 155 hospitais do registro alem&#227;o de S&#237;ndromes Coronarianas Agudas (German Acute Coronary Syndromes registry) e encontraram uma taxa de mortalidade em um ano de 8,1% para as que foram submetidas &#224; estratifica&#231;&#227;o invasiva e de 24,0% para as que n&#227;o o fizeram. Recentemente, Ruano-Ravina e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, em uma coorte de 1.461 indiv&#237;duos que apresentaram IMEST, submetidos &#224; angioplastia prim&#225;ria em dois hospitais na Espanha, encontrou uma taxa de mortalidade em um ano de 9,3%. No Brasil, a Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Pr&#225;ticas de Registro dos Cuidados Coronarianos Agudo (<italic>Acute Coronary Care Evaluation of Practice Registry</italic>) (estudo ACCEPT), um estudo brasileiro p&#243;s-SCA multic&#234;ntrico com 2.485 pacientes, encontrou uma taxa de mortalidade em 30 dias de 1,8%, 3,0% e 3,4% em indiv&#237;duos com AI, IMEST e IMSEST, respectivamente<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>. Um estudo de 1.027 pacientes com IMSEST a partir de um &#250;nico centro de refer&#234;ncia em cardiologia na cidade de S&#227;o Paulo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>constatou que 5,3% dos participantes morreram ou tiveram um novo infarto em 30 dias.</p>
        <p>A compara&#231;&#227;o das taxas de mortalidade em todos os estudos p&#243;s-SCA deve ser interpretada com cautela. Diferen&#231;as na sele&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes e nas op&#231;&#245;es de tratamento, incluindo os avan&#231;os acelerados em tratamento nos &#250;ltimos anos, podem ser parcialmente respons&#225;veis pelos resultados d&#237;spares. Em compara&#231;&#227;o com os resultados do estudo ACCEPT publicado recentemente, um estudo brasileiro de acompanhamento de pacientes p&#243;s-SCA, apresentou taxas de mortalidade de 30 dias mais elevadas para pacientes com IMSEST (7,2% vs 3,0%) e menores para pacientes com AI (0,6% vs 1,8 %). Ambos, o ACCEPT (at&#233; 30 dias) e o ERICO (at&#233; um ano) tiveram pequena perda de informa&#231;&#245;es do estado vital durante o decorrer do estudo, e foram conduzidos quase simultaneamente. Nesse caso, a sele&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes pode ter sido um importante contribuinte para a desigualdade dos resultados. Em primeiro lugar, os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o n&#227;o foram os mesmos nas duas coortes. No estudo ACCEPT, o diagn&#243;stico de AI baseou-se em altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas evidentes (depress&#227;o de ST de pelo menos 1,0 mm ou de eleva&#231;&#227;o ST transit&#243;ria ou eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST de 1,0 mm ou menos, ou invers&#227;o de onda T de mais que 3,0 mm)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>. Embora isso permita um subgrupo AI mais homog&#234;neo, alguns portadores de AI de baixo risco podem ter sido perdidos com essa estrat&#233;gia. N&#243;s optamos por um crit&#233;rio menos restritivo, semelhante aos adotados para o estudo GRACE (registro global de eventos coronarianos agudos)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>. Assim, as diferen&#231;as nas taxas de mortalidade de 30 dias para pacientes portadores de AI nos estudos ERICO e ACCEPT podem ter ocorrido devido &#224; inclus&#227;o de portadores AI menos graves em nossa amostra. Al&#233;m disso, como os valores-limite de troponina I variam de acordo com o kit de diagn&#243;stico utilizado e os crit&#233;rios de normalidade, a defini&#231;&#227;o IMSEST pode ter variado de um centro para o outro. Optamos por um ponto de corte de troponina que atendesse tanto os crit&#233;rios da Associa&#231;&#227;o Americana do Cora&#231;&#227;o (<italic>American Heart Association</italic>) quanto os da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia (<italic>European Society of Cardiology</italic>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>, bem como os da Comiss&#227;o da Padroniza&#231;&#227;o de marcadores de les&#227;o card&#237;aca da Federa&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Qu&#237;mica Cl&#237;nica e Medicina Laboratorial (<italic>Committee on Standardization of Markers of Cardiac Damage of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine</italic>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>. Assim, &#233; poss&#237;vel que alguns pacientes que foram inclu&#237;dos no grupo IMSEST do ACCEPT, n&#227;o seriam inclu&#237;dos como tal no ERICO. Portanto, a menor mortalidade de IMSEST no ACCEPT pode ter sido devida &#224; inclus&#227;o de casos menos graves. Isso tamb&#233;m pode explicar parcialmente as diferen&#231;as nas taxas de mortalidade entre os estudos. Finalmente, assim como a maioria dos registros de SCA e estudos de acompanhamento p&#243;s-SCA, centros terci&#225;rios e outros hospitais de refer&#234;ncia em cardiologia podem estar super-representados em ACCEPT. Por exemplo, um diagn&#243;stico de DAC antes da entrada no estudo foi mais frequente em ACCEPT que em ERICO para todos os subtipos da SCA. &#201; importante ressaltar que o tratamento em centros de refer&#234;ncia ocorre apenas em uma minoria de pacientes em muitas regi&#245;es do mundo, incluindo o Brasil. Isso evidencia a necessidade de dados de alta qualidade de outros centros n&#227;o especializados em cardiologia, o que permitir&#225; uma melhor compreens&#227;o de toda a popula&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-SCA.</p>
        <p>Em conson&#226;ncia com outros estudos, diabetes foi um fator de risco independente para a mortalidade em um ano em nossa coorte. Em nosso pa&#237;s, o estudo anteriormente citado por Santos e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>descreve que o diagn&#243;stico de diabetes foi associado significativamente &#224; mortalidade por qualquer causa ou re-infarto em 30 dias. AlFaleh e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>, analisando 6.362 pacientes do Registro de Eventos Coron&#225;rios Agudos do Golfo - 2 (<italic>Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events-2</italic>) (Gulf RACE-2), relataram que a hist&#243;ria de diabetes ou o desencadeamento de novos casos de hiperglicemia na admiss&#227;o foram associados &#224; alta perman&#234;ncia no hospital e &#224;s taxas de mortalidade em 30 dias e em um ano. Um estudo de coorte retrospectivo realizado por Kaul e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>, com 25.324 pacientes com SCA no Canad&#225;, tamb&#233;m identificou diabetes como um fator de risco independente para a mortalidade em um ano (RR 1,41; IC 95% 1,24-1,61). Um estudo recente de Savonitto e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>, analisando 645 indiv&#237;duos de 75 anos ou mais velhos com diagn&#243;stico IMSEST, demonstrou a associa&#231;&#227;o de diabetes e hiperglicemia na admiss&#227;o com maiores taxas de mortalidade em um ano. Um estudo de 2.027 pacientes com IM realizado por Nicolau e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>, tamb&#233;m constatou que a hiperglicemia foi associada &#224; mortalidade intra-hospitalar, com um efeito mais pronunciado em indiv&#237;duos mais jovens. No entanto, isso ainda &#233; tema de debate na literatura. Os pesquisadores do Registro Global de Eventos Coronarianos Agudos (<italic>Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events</italic>) (GRACE) constru&#237;ram um modelo preditor de risco para mortalidade de 6 meses. E apesar do diabetes estar associado com uma maior mortalidade nessa coorte, um modelo com outros oito preditores cl&#237;nicos (idade, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva, press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica, classe Killip, concentra&#231;&#227;o inicial de creatinina s&#233;rica, marcadores card&#237;acos iniciais positivos, parada card&#237;aca no momento da admiss&#227;o e desvio do segmento ST) apresentava mais de 90% da informa&#231;&#227;o preditiva<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>. Isso sugere que o impacto do diagn&#243;stico de diabetes sobre a mortalidade a longo prazo &#233; provavelmente mediada por sua associa&#231;&#227;o com um dos fatores de risco no modelo. Al&#233;m disso, em estudo de Aune e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>, com base em duas coortes de pacientes de um hospital sem facilidades de cateterismo na Noruega, o diabetes n&#227;o foi um preditor de maior mortalidade em um ano (RR 1,01; IC 95% 0,64-1,59). Diferen&#231;as nas popula&#231;&#245;es de estudo podem explicar os resultados conflitantes entre Aune e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> e nosso estudo. Por exemplo, no estudo de Aune e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> os pacientes tinham idades medianas maiores, mas menor frequ&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o, diabetes e preval&#234;ncias de DAC pr&#233;vias, quando comparados aos do nosso estudo. A menor preval&#234;ncia de diabetes, a intera&#231;&#227;o desses fatores no risco de mortalidade, bem como o impacto da sele&#231;&#227;o ou vi&#233;s de sobreviv&#234;ncia podem ser parcialmente respons&#225;veis por essa diferen&#231;a.</p>
        <p>Nossos dados apontam para uma tend&#234;ncia n&#227;o significativa para um maior risco de mortalidade em um ano em pacientes n&#227;o-fumantes quando comparados aos fumantes ativos e ex-fumantes. Outros autores tamb&#233;m descreveram achados similares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>. Algumas explica&#231;&#245;es foram levantadas para explicar esse aparente paradoxo. Em primeiro lugar, estudos de p&#243;s-SCA incluem apenas os indiv&#237;duos que, na verdade, chegaram ao hospital com vida. Como alguns estudos associam o tabagismo com morte coron&#225;ria s&#250;bita<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>, &#233; poss&#237;vel que esses resultados possam ser parcialmente explicados pelo vi&#233;s da sobreviv&#234;ncia. Em segundo lugar, n&#227;o-fumantes apresentando um evento SCA, geralmente t&#234;m mais fatores adicionais de risco cardiovascular em compara&#231;&#227;o a indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o-fumantes que n&#227;o apresentem esse evento. No entanto, h&#225; d&#250;vidas se as diferen&#231;as no perfil de outros fatores de risco cardiovascular s&#227;o suficientes para explicar o pior progn&#243;stico observado em n&#227;o-fumantes. Robertson e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref> avaliaram 13.819 pacientes com IMSEST do estudo de Estrat&#233;gia de Triagem para Cateterismo Agudo e Interven&#231;&#227;o Urgente (<italic>Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy</italic>) (ACUITY). Esses autores descobriram que o tabagismo est&#225; associado a uma menor mortalidade em um ano em compara&#231;&#227;o aos n&#227;o-fumantes em modelos brutos (RR 0,80; IC 95% 0,65-0,98). Ap&#243;s o ajuste para outros fatores de risco cardiovasculares, observaram maior risco de mortalidade em um ano em fumantes (RR 1,37; IC 95% 1,07-1,75). Por outro lado, Lee e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref> utilizando dados de 41.025 participantes do estudo cl&#237;nico GUSTO-I descobriram que fumantes ativos foram relacionados a menor mortalidade em 30 dias depois de um evento SCA e esse efeito protetor persistiu mesmo ap&#243;s o ajuste para outros fatores de risco cardiovascular (p &lt; 0,0001). Em nossa coorte, a associa&#231;&#227;o entre tabagismo e menor risco de mortalidade em um ano desapareceu ap&#243;s ajuste para idade, sexo e subtipo de SCA. Al&#233;m disso, a frequ&#234;ncia de diabetes, um forte fator de risco para a mortalidade em nossa amostra, foi maior nos n&#227;o-fumantes em compara&#231;&#227;o aos fumantes (48,2% vs 25,5%; p &lt; 0,001), o que pode explicar, pelo menos em parte, a tend&#234;ncia para um maior risco em n&#227;o-fumantes. Essa associa&#231;&#227;o negativa entre diabetes e tabagismo &#233; esperada, uma vez que outros estudos t&#234;m demonstrado que o &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#233; geralmente mais elevado em n&#227;o-fumantes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>.</p>
        <p>No HU-USP, os profissionais da emerg&#234;ncia, da terapia intensiva e da medicina interna, proveram tratamento durante o todo o evento para todos os participantes do ERICO. Deve-se notar que alguns procedimentos de cardiologia como a tomografia coronariana, o ecocardiograma e o teste ergom&#233;trico est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis no local. Al&#233;m disso, v&#225;rios cardiologistas que comp&#245;em a equipe do hospital participaram ativamente das discuss&#245;es de casos SCA na sala de emerg&#234;ncia, embora n&#227;o fossem especificamente respons&#225;veis pelo tratamento de todos os pacientes com SCA.</p>
        <p>Embora possa haver preocupa&#231;&#245;es de que o tratamento em hospitais comunit&#225;rios poderia induzir potenciais vieses mediados por desigualdades no tratamento em rela&#231;&#227;o aos centros especializados, isso n&#227;o foi observado no presente estudo. Comparando nossas estrat&#233;gias de tratamento com dados do Registro Brasileiro de S&#237;ndromes Coronarianas Agudas (<italic>Brazilian Registry on Acute Coronary Syndromes</italic>) (BRACE), observamos que as taxas de tratamento farmacol&#243;gico no ERICO foram semelhantes ou ligeiramente mais elevadas que as observadas em hospitais do sul do Brasil inclu&#237;dos no estudo BRACE. &#201; poss&#237;vel que as taxas mais elevadas obtidas no ERICO estejam associadas a uma baixa frequ&#234;ncia de contraindica&#231;&#245;es de tratamento m&#233;dico, pois podemos especular que os pacientes de um hospital comunit&#225;rio frequentemente t&#234;m um menor n&#250;mero de comorbidades se comparados &#224;queles tratados em hospitais terci&#225;rios. Al&#233;m disso, as taxas de tratamento de reperfus&#227;o em pacientes com IMEST tamb&#233;m foram muito semelhantes &#224;s relatadas no estudo BRACE. A principal raz&#227;o para contraindica&#231;&#227;o (apresenta&#231;&#227;o tardia do paciente ao atendimento de emerg&#234;ncia) foi a mesma em ambos os estudos.</p>
        <p>Algumas caracter&#237;sticas importantes do presente estudo devem ser destacadas. Essa &#233; uma coorte de longo prazo de pacientes p&#243;s-SCA tratados em um hospital comunit&#225;rio, n&#227;o especializado em cardiologia, um cen&#225;rio que muitas vezes &#233; negligenciado. Por ser um hospital comunit&#225;rio, a maioria de seus pacientes (incluindo os que procuram tratamento no departamento de emerg&#234;ncia) reside no bairro do Butant&#227;. Embora n&#227;o seja um estudo de base populacional, o ERICO tem uma base comunit&#225;ria e seus resultados podem ser generalizados para &#225;reas similares. Tivemos pequena perda de informa&#231;&#245;es sobre o estado vital e poucas recusas durante o per&#237;odo de acompanhamento, o que permitiu calcular adequadamente as taxas de mortalidade. Registros oficiais de &#243;bito confirmaram a morte de mais de 90% dos participantes que faleceram durante o acompanhamento. Assim, foi poss&#237;vel estudar o papel progn&#243;stico das vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas com foco espec&#237;fico na mortalidade cardiovascular. Nosso estudo tem algumas limita&#231;&#245;es. Em primeiro lugar, ele foifeito em um &#250;nico hospital, por isso seus achados n&#227;o podem ser diretamente extrapolados para toda a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira ou diretamente comparados a outras popula&#231;&#245;es. No entanto, acreditamos que os resultados desse estudo de coorte em andamento, embora descritos com um tempo de acompanhamento mais curto do que em outros estudos, acrescentam novas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a compreens&#227;o de pacientes com SCA tratados em centros n&#227;o refer&#234;ncia, que normalmente t&#234;m um perfil de risco diferente daqueles tratados em centros especializados<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref>. Em segundo lugar, n&#227;o foram inclu&#237;das informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a influ&#234;ncia do tratamento farmacol&#243;gico e n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico nos resultados. No entanto, n&#227;o acreditamos que as desigualdades no tratamento possam invalidar as associa&#231;&#245;es apresentadas no presente artigo. Em terceiro lugar, para algumas vari&#225;veis n&#227;o tivemos provavelmente dados suficientes para concluir por riscos significantes. Como o ERICO &#233; uma coorte de longo prazo, o papel progn&#243;stico dessas vari&#225;veis poder&#225; ser reavaliado no futuro. Em quarto lugar, embora o n&#250;mero de informa&#231;&#245;es perdidas sobre o estado vital durante o acompanhamento tenha sido pequeno, a predomin&#226;ncia de homens e indiv&#237;duos mais jovens no grupo com dados censurados podem ter exercido alguma influ&#234;ncia sobre os nossos resultados. Em quinto lugar, n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel recuperar informa&#231;&#245;es das certid&#245;es de &#243;bito de 6,4% das mortes ocorridas. Al&#233;m disso, n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel adicionar informa&#231;&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas sobre causas de morte a partir de avalia&#231;&#245;es do quadro ou de entrevistas com familiares e m&#233;dicos dos pacientes. Em ambos os casos, essas informa&#231;&#245;es podem tamb&#233;m ter um impacto nas an&#225;lises da mortalidade cardiovascular.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Encontramos uma taxa global de mortalidade de um ano de 12,0% em uma amostra de pacientes p&#243;s-SCA no HU-USP, um hospital comunit&#225;rio, n&#227;o especializado em cardiologia em S&#227;o Paulo, Brasil. Idade, subtipo de SCA e diabetes foram preditores independentes de baixa sobrevida em 1 ano por causas gerais e relacionadas a eventos cardiovasculares.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado por FAPESP.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
