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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">vfxq7k657vHn5MLjNxxF36K</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2015000600012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20150062</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case 5/2015 Late Outcome of Corrected Aortopulmonary Window in A 23-Year-Old Female Patient Who Underwent Surgery in Childhood</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Privada Dr. Edmar Atik</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Privada Dr. Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Edmar Atik,</bold> Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj. 73, Bela Vista. Postal Code 01308-050. S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail:<email>eatik@cardiol.br</email> ; <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>104</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>55</fpage>
      <lpage>57</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Aortopulmonary Window/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Defects</kwd>
        <kwd>Congenital/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Infant</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="3"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p><bold>Clinical data</bold>: At 10 months of age, the patient underwent correction of a large aortopulmonary window and mitral valve regurgitation secondary to volume overload, which caused severe heart failure. The post-operative clinical outcome was favorable. Prior to operation, her clinical picture was of concern because of severe malnutrition (weight of 5,500 g), congestive heart failure (tachypnea of 60 bpm), hepatomegaly (liver palpable at 4 cm of the right costal margin), severe cardiomegaly, and increased pulmonary vasculature. Cardiovascular examination showed left ventricular (LV) enlargement; thrill and systolic murmur in the mitral area; accentuated S2; marked LV overload on electrocardiogram (ECG); mitral regurgitation due to incomplete leaflet coaptation; and pulmonary systolic pressure of 60 mmHg. At surgery, the 2-cm-diameter window between the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta (Ao) was closed, and plication of the posterior ring of the mitral valve was performed. There was an immediate clinical response with hemodynamic stabilization, resolution of the heart murmur and heart failure, and subsequent normal weight gain. Medication for congestive heart failure was discontinued at 4 years of age, when the cardiac silhouette had returned to normal. To date, the patient tolerates routine exercises well and does not report any symptoms.</p>
    <p><bold>Physical examination</bold>: good general state of health, normal breathing, acyanotic, normal pulses. Weight: 53 kg; height: 165 cm; blood pressure on right arm (BPRA): 105/75 mmHg; heart rate (HR): 76 bpm. Aorta not palpable on the suprasternal notch.</p>
    <p>The apical impulse was not palpable in the precordium, and there were no systolic impulses. Normal heart sounds, no heart murmurs. Liver not palpable.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>Laboratory tests</title>
      <p><bold>ECG</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>) at 22 years of age showed normal sinus rhythm with no signs of overload, and normal ventricular repolarization. PA = +10&#186; , QRSA = +50&#186; , TA = +50&#186; (lower tracing). ECG prior to operation, at 10 months of age (upper tracing), showed marked left ventricular overload, with QRSA = +70&#186; , PA = +20&#186; and TA = +80&#186; ; RS morphology (amplitudes of 24 and 30 mm) from V1 to V3 and QRs (amplitudes of 10, 50 and 3 mm) from V4 to V6; Sokolow index of 90 mm; no ventricular repolarization abnormalities.</p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Electrocardiograms at two timepoints: in the preoperative period, at 10 months of age (upper tracing), and at late postoperative period at 22 years of age (lower tracing). These electrocardiograms show resolution of the left ventricular overload initially observed</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-104-06-0055-50062-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <p><bold>Chest radiograph</bold> showed normal cardiac silhouette (cardiothoracic ratio = 0.46) and pulmonary vasculature (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>). In the image prior to surgery, these parameters were markedly increased, with a cardiothoracic ratio of 0.85 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f02">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Chest radiographs in the preoperative period and later at 23 years of age, after surgical correction performed at 10 months of age, showing markedly enlarged and normal cardiac silhouette, respectively</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-104-06-0055-50062-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      <p><bold>Echocardiogram</bold> showed normal size cardiac chambers (Ao = 34; left atrium &#8722; LA = 36, right ventricle &#8722; RV = 13, LV = 49; ejection fraction &#8722; EF = 61%, septum = posterior wall = 8 mm); no mitral regurgitation. Echocardiogram prior to surgery showed enlargement of left chambers (LA = 37, Ao = 17 and LV = 42; RV = 10, septum = posterior wall = 5 mm; EF = 82%), with marked mitral regurgitation.</p>
      <p><bold>Clinical diagnosis:</bold> Aortopulmonary window with mitral regurgitation secondary to volume overload and severe heart failure resolved after surgical correction and favorable late outcome until adulthood.</p>
      <p><bold>Clinical reasoning:</bold> The postoperative clinical elements were consistent with normal cardiovascular parameters, unlike in the preoperative period, in which the overt manifestations of heart failure suggested the diagnosis of congenital heart defect expressed by signs of mitral regurgitation. On that occasion, the aortopulmonary window was diagnosed during surgery, and mitral regurgitation was secondary to and resulted from the volume overload caused by the defect. LV overload on ECG confirmed the magnitude of the volume overload, which predominated over the RV pressure overload.</p>
      <p><bold>Differential diagnosis:</bold> other defects accompanied by severe arterial left-to-right shunt, such as ductus arteriosus and arteriovenous fistulas, should be remembered in this context.</p>
      <p><bold>Management:</bold> In view of the marked consequences of the arterial shunt, the surgery for closure of the interarterial defect not only repaired the secondary dilatation of the mitral annulus, but also resulted in cure, thus surpassing the concern about pulmonary arterial hypertension at the time.</p>
      <p><bold>Commentaries:</bold> aortopulmonary window usually has important manifestations early in the first months of life, and cardiac surgery corrects the signs and symptoms of heart failure and associated defects such as those of secondary mitral regurgitation, which was present in the case reported<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Generally, pulmonary arterial hypertension also subsides, and so does the secondary dilatation of the different correlate cardiac structures. This is encouraging, given the important implications of this defect, which should be corrected right after diagnosis. The return of anatomical and functional parameters to normal, in this case, becomes of great value as an example of outcome for similar cases in an early period of life.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>Soares AM, Atik E, Cort&#234;z TM, Albuquerque AM, Castro CP, Barbero-Marcial M, et al. Aortopulmonary window. Clinical and surgical assessment of 18 cases. Arq Bras Cardiol.1999;73(1):59-74.</mixed-citation>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Atik</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cort&#234;z</surname>
              <given-names>TM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
              <given-names>AM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Castro</surname>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Barbero-Marcial</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Aortopulmonary window. Clinical and surgical assessment of 18 cases</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>1999</year>
          <volume>73</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>59</fpage>
          <lpage>74</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
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        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>Barnes ME, Mitchell ME, Tweddell JS Aortopulmonary window. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2011;14(1):67-74.</mixed-citation>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mitchell</surname>
              <given-names>ME</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tweddell</surname>
              <given-names>JS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Aortopulmonary window</article-title>
          <source>Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>67</fpage>
          <lpage>74</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B03">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>Atik E, Barbero-Marcial M, Andrade JL, Baucia JA, Iwahashi E, Aiello V, et al. [Clinical manifestation of aortopulmonary window as mitral regurgitation caused by secondary dilatation of the valvar anulus]. Arq Bras Cardiol. 1994;63 (6):493-5.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Atik</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barbero-Marcial</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andrade</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baucia</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Iwahashi</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Aiello</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical manifestation of aortopulmonary window as mitral regurgitation caused by secondary dilatation of the valvar anulus</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>1994</year>
          <volume>63</volume>
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        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 5/2015 Mulher de 23 Anos em Evolu&#231;&#227;o Tardia ap&#243;s Corre&#231;&#227;o de Grande Janela Aortopulmonar na Inf&#226;ncia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Privada Dr. Edmar Atik</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Privada Dr. Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik,</bold> Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj. 73, Bela Vista. CEP 01308-050. S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail:<email>eatik@cardiol.br</email> ; <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Janela Aortopulmonar/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Lactente</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos</bold>: ap&#243;s corre&#231;&#227;o de grande janela aortopulmonar e de insufici&#234;ncia valvar mitral secund&#225;ria &#224; sobrecarga de volume, causadoras de acentuada insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca em lactente com 10 meses de idade, verificou-se boa evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica posterior. Naquela ocasi&#227;o, o quadro cl&#237;nico preocupava, em raz&#227;o da grave desnutri&#231;&#227;o (5.500 g), da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva (taquipneia com 60 rpm) com hepatomegalia (4 cm da reborda costal direita (RCD)), grande cardiomegalia e trama vascular pulmonar aumentada. A semiologia cardiovascular mostrava aumento do Ventr&#237;culo Esquerdo (VE), com fr&#234;mito e sopro sist&#243;licos na &#225;rea mitral, hiperfonese da segunda bulha, sobrecarga acentuada de VE no Eletrocardiograma (ECG), insufici&#234;ncia mitral por falta de coapta&#231;&#227;o das v&#225;lvulas e press&#227;o sist&#243;lica pulmonar de 60 mmHg. Na opera&#231;&#227;o, foi fechada a janela entre o tronco pulmonar e a aorta (Ao) ascendente de 2 cm de di&#226;metro, sendo feita plicatura do anel posterior da valva mitral. A resposta cl&#237;nica foi imediata, com regulariza&#231;&#227;o do quadro hemodin&#226;mico, desaparecimento do sopro e da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, com ganho de peso normal subsequente. A medica&#231;&#227;o anticongestiva foi suspensa quando a paciente tinha 4 anos, ocasi&#227;o da normaliza&#231;&#227;o da &#225;rea card&#237;aca. Atualmente, tolera bem os exerc&#237;cios rotineiros e n&#227;o refere sintomas.</p>
      <p><bold>Exame f&#237;sico</bold>: bom estado geral, eupneica, acian&#243;tica, pulsos normais. Peso: 53 kg. Altura: 165 cm, Press&#227;o Arterial de Membro Superior Direito (PAMSD): 105/75 mmHg, Frequ&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca (FC): 76 bpm. Ao n&#227;o era palpada na f&#250;rcula.</p>
      <p>No prec&#243;rdio, <italic>ictus cordis</italic> n&#227;o era palpado e n&#227;o havia impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas. As bulhas card&#237;acas eram normofon&#233;ticas e n&#227;o era auscultado sopro card&#237;aco. O f&#237;gado n&#227;o era palpado.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Exames complementares</title>
        <p><bold>ECG</bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 1</xref>) com 22 anos mostrava ritmo sinusal, sem sinais de sobrecargas e com repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular normal. AP = +10&#186;, AQRS = +50&#186;, AT = +50&#186; (tra&#231;ado inferior). O ECG pr&#233;vio &#224; opera&#231;&#227;o, com 10 meses de idade (tra&#231;ado superior), salientava acentuada sobrecarga ventricular esquerda, com AQRS = +70&#186;, AP = +20&#186; e AT = +80&#186;, com morfologia RS (amplitudes de 24 e 30 mm) de V1 a V3 e QRs (amplitudes de 10, 50 e 3 mm) de V4 a V6, com &#237;ndice de Sokolov de 90 mm e sem altera&#231;&#245;es da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular.</p>
        <fig id="f03">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Eletrocardiogramas nos dois per&#237;odos de evolu&#231;&#227;o: pr&#233;vio &#224; opera&#231;&#227;o com 10 meses (tra&#231;ado superior) e em evolu&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria tardia com 22 anos (tra&#231;ado inferior). Tais eletrocardiogramas salientam a normaliza&#231;&#227;o da sobrecarga de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, verificada inicialmente</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-104-06-0055-50062-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax</bold> mostrava &#225;rea card&#237;aca (&#205;ndice Cardiotor&#225;cico (ICT) = 0,46) e trama vascular pulmonar normais (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 2</xref>). A imagem pr&#233;via &#224; opera&#231;&#227;o mostrava grande aumento desses elementos, com &#237;ndice cardiotor&#225;cico de 0,85 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f04">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Radiografias de t&#243;rax em per&#237;odo pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio e tardiamente com 23 anos, ap&#243;s corre&#231;&#227;o operat&#243;ria realizada com 10 meses, mostram &#225;rea card&#237;aca acentuadamente aumentada e normal, respectivamente</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-104-06-0055-50062-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <p><bold>Ecocardiograma</bold> mostrou cavidades card&#237;acas com dimens&#245;es normais (Ao = 34; &#193;trio Esquerdo &#8722; AE = 36, Ventr&#237;culo Direito &#8722; VD = 13, VE = 49; Fra&#231;&#227;o de Eje&#231;&#227;o &#8722; FE = 61%, septo = parede posterior = 8 mm) e sem insufici&#234;ncia mitral. O exame pr&#233;vio &#224; opera&#231;&#227;o mostrava aumento das cavidades esquerdas (AE = 37, Ao = 17 e VE = 42; VD = 10, septo = parede posterior = 5 mm; FE = 82%), com acentuada insufici&#234;ncia mitral.</p>
        <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico:</bold> janela aortopulmonar com insufici&#234;ncia mitral secund&#225;ria por sobrecarga de volume e acentuada insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, com resolu&#231;&#227;o do quadro ap&#243;s corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica e evolu&#231;&#227;o tardia favor&#225;vel at&#233; a idade adulta.</p>
        <p><bold>Racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico:</bold> os elementos cl&#237;nicos evolutivos eram compat&#237;veis com a normalidade cardiovascular, ao contr&#225;rio do per&#237;odo pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio, no qual o quadro de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca franca sugeria diagn&#243;stico de cardiopatia cong&#234;nita, cuja exterioriza&#231;&#227;o se fazia por sinais de insufici&#234;ncia mitral. Nessa ocasi&#227;o, a janela aortopulmonar foi diagnosticada durante o ato cir&#250;rgico, e a insufici&#234;ncia mitral foi secund&#225;ria e decorrente do excesso de volume imposto pelo defeito. A sobrecarga do VE no ECG confirmou a magnitude dessa sobrecarga de volume, a qual predominava sobre a sobrecarga de press&#227;o em VD.</p>
        <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</bold> outras patologias que se acompanham de desvio acentuado de sangue, em n&#237;vel arterial, da esquerda para a direita, devem ser lembradas nesse contexto, como o canal arterial e as f&#237;stulas arteriovenosas.</p>
        <p><bold>Conduta:</bold> em face da repercuss&#227;o acentuada do desvio de sangue em n&#237;vel arterial, a opera&#231;&#227;o realizada para fechamento do defeito interarterial, al&#233;m do reparo da dilata&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria do anel mitral, resultou em benef&#237;cio curativo, superando o receio da hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar na &#233;poca.</p>
        <p><bold>Coment&#225;rios:</bold> a janela aortopulmonar, em geral, apresenta-se com grande repercuss&#227;o j&#225; nos primeiros meses de vida, e a opera&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca repara todo o quadro da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e dos defeitos associados, como da insufici&#234;ncia mitral secund&#225;ria, que foi verificada no caso relatado<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Geralmente, a hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar tamb&#233;m regride, assim como a dilata&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria das diferentes estruturas card&#237;acas correlatas. Essa verifica&#231;&#227;o &#233; alentadora, em face da grande repercuss&#227;o desse defeito, que deve ser corrigido prontamente, ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico. A normaliza&#231;&#227;o anatomofuncional, nesse caso, torna-se de grande valia, como exemplo evolutivo para casos que se comportem da mesma maneira, em per&#237;odo precoce da vida.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
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