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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">MwDRjfdWZFmNFN3dRMRWv7c</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2015000500011</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00011</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20150054</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiac Medications Can Influence the Exercise Prescription in Chagas
               Heart Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cunha</surname>
            <given-names>Raphael Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Pires</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lehnen</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Machado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do
               Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia, Instituto de
               Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Raphael Martins da Cunha</bold>, Av.
               Anhanguera, n&#186; 1420, Vila Nova, LAFEX-EEFFEGO. Postal Code 74000-000, Goi&#226;nia &#8211; GO &#8211;
               Brazil. E-mail: <email>prof.raphaelcunha@gmail.com</email>;
                  <email>raphaelmartins10@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>104</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>426</fpage>
      <lpage>427</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
                  Commons Attribution NonCommercial License which permits unrestricted noncommercial
                  use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is
                  properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Chagas Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Rate/drug effects</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Dear Editor,</title>
      <p>The study by Nascimento et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> provides
            information on the effects of physical training and the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in
            patients with Chagasic heart disease. Changes in HRV were not observed after exercise
            intervention, but the intervention group showed improved functional capacity after 12
            weeks of the study.</p>
      <p>Changes in the autonomic nervous system are observed in Chagasic heart disease and
            although physical training can improve HRV in other forms of heart failure, evidence
            suggests it does not happen in Chagasic heart disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>, corroborating findings by Nascimento et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. However, in addition to the relatively few studies on the subject, which
            limits further conclusions, questions related to exercise prescription in the present
            study need to be better clarified.</p>
      <p>Although the protocol was established through a previous publication of a randomized
            clinical trial on the subject<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>, the lack of
            description on drug use by the study subjects such as beta blockers, which can have an
            effect on chronotropism, reducing the heart rate, might have altered the study outcome.
            Therefore, formulas that estimate the intensity of training, such as the one used in the
            aforementioned study, become limited in the presence of drugs with chronotropic
            interaction.</p>
      <p>In addition, the non-use of the ergospirometry test when prescribing exercises may have
            impaired the actual establishment of training intensity. In this context, it is known
            that different intensities produce different adaptations in the system, which, in turn,
            may have influenced different autonomic adaptations after the intervention period.</p>
      <p>These factors might have influenced the intervention in the clinical trial carried out
            by Nascimento et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> and influenced the measured
            outcome. Thus, other studies are needed to further investigate these questions, with
            greater control of variables, in order to assess the autonomic adaptations, using better
            standardization of the prescription / monitoring of physical training in group of
            patients with Chagasic heart disease, so that we might have auspicious data.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
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        <mixed-citation>Nascimento BR, Lima MM, Nunes M do C, de Alencar MC, Costa HS, Pinto
               Filho MM. Efeitos do treinamento f&#237;sico sobre a variabilidade da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca
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              <surname>Lima</surname>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Replay</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Ramos</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Marcia Maria Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Manoel Ot&#225;vio da Costa</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Luiz Pinho</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>We thank the authors for their comments and relevant questions they have raised on our
            article &#8220;Effects of Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability in Chagas Heart
               Disease&#8221;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">1</xref> and would like to expand our
            discussion, clarifying some points raised by our esteemed colleagues.</p>
      <p>Regarding the influence of drugs that have an effect on the chronotropic response when
            assessing heart rate variability (HRV) index, actually there are literature data
            demonstrating the effects of beta blockers<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">3</xref> and amiodarone<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">5</xref> on autonomic modulation, both in patients with heart failure and other
            medical conditions.</p>
      <p>In general, the use of such drugs seems to promote index improvement in the time and
            frequency domains, but specific data on Chagasic heart disease are scarce. The rates of
            beta&#8209;blocker and amiodarone use are described in the Results section of the article: the
            first were prescribed to 22.2% and 21.1% (p = 1.00) of patients in the Intervention (IG)
            and Control (CG) Groups, respectively, and the second to 77.8% and 84.2% (p = 0.62).
            Therefore, even though they definitely constitute a confounding factor, their use at
            similar proportions by patients in the groups possibly balanced the effects in the final
            analysis. Additionally, due to ethical reasons, it would not be possible to discontinue
            drug use during the study period for relatively long periods, as these drugs are
            essential for the management of patients with left ventricular dysfunction.</p>
      <p>The ideal training intensity was calculated using the Karvonen formula, as previously
            described. Similarly, it has also been shown that beta blockers affect the estimate of
            this intensity, which aims at a heart rate between the aerobic and anaerobic
               thresholds<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">6</xref>. In this context, certainly the
            use of the ergospirometry test would be ideal and could provide a more reliable estimate
            of the actual intensity of training, standardizing it in the patients. This is a study
            limitation, mentioned specifically in this section of the article.</p>
      <p>On the other hand, it is proposed that, although the heart rate is not the ideal
            parameter for determining training intensity in patients with cardiovascular disease &#8211;
            as it is subject to multiple confounding factors - the correct standardization and
            systematization of training sessions, as performed in our supervised program, can
            improve the accuracy of available formulas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">7</xref>.
            Thus, the impact of not performing the functional test with gas analysis on the assessed
            outcome is minimized.</p>
      <p>We thank the authors&#8217; for their comments, which certainly contributed to further
            discussion of our study and raised important points to be considered in further research
            about this subject, aiming to reach a more definitive conclusion about the seemingly
            peculiar effect of physical training on autonomic modulation in Chagasic heart
            disease.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sincerely Yours,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Bruno Ramos Nascimento</p>
      <p>Marcia Maria Oliveira Lima</p>
      <p>Manoel Ot&#225;vio da Costa Rocha</p>
      <p>Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro.</p>
    </body>
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                <surname>Hansen</surname>
                <given-names>D</given-names>
              </name>
              <name>
                <surname>Stevens</surname>
                <given-names>A</given-names>
              </name>
              <name>
                <surname>Eijnde</surname>
                <given-names>BO</given-names>
              </name>
              <name>
                <surname>Dendale</surname>
                <given-names>P</given-names>
              </name>
            </person-group>
            <article-title>Endurance exercise intensity determination in the rehabilitation of
                     coronary artery disease patients: a critical re-appraisal of current
                     evidence</article-title>
            <source>Sports Med</source>
            <year>2012</year>
            <volume>42</volume>
            <issue>1</issue>
            <fpage>11</fpage>
            <lpage>30</lpage>
          </element-citation>
        </ref>
      </ref-list>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA2" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>F&#225;rmacos Podem Influenciar na Prescri&#231;&#227;o de Exerc&#237;cios na Cardiopatia
               Chag&#225;sica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cunha</surname>
            <given-names>Raphael Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Pires</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lehnen</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Machado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do
               Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia, Instituto de
               Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Raphael Martins da Cunha</bold>, Av.
               Anhanguera, n&#186; 1420, Vila Nova, LAFEX-EEFFEGO. CEP 74000-000, Goi&#226;nia - GO - Brasil.
               E-mail: <email>prof.raphaelcunha@gmail.com</email>;
                  <email>raphaelmartins10@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Chag&#225;sica</kwd>
        <kwd>Frequ&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/efeitos de drogas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Prezado editor,</title>
        <p>O estudo de Nascimento e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">1</xref> apresenta
               informa&#231;&#245;es sobre os efeitos do treinamento f&#237;sico e a Variabilidade da Frequ&#234;ncia
               Card&#237;aca (VFC) em indiv&#237;duos com cardiopatia chag&#225;sica. As altera&#231;&#245;es na VFC n&#227;o
               foram encontradas ap&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o com exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos, por&#233;m o grupo interven&#231;&#227;o
               apresentou melhora da capacidade funcional ao final de 12 semanas do estudo.</p>
        <p>Altera&#231;&#245;es no sistema nervoso aut&#244;nomo s&#227;o observadas na cardiopatia chag&#225;sica e,
               embora o treinamento f&#237;sico possa melhorar a VFC em outras formas de insufici&#234;ncia
               card&#237;aca, evid&#234;ncias sugerem que na cardiopatia chag&#225;sica n&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">2</xref>, corroborando achados de Nascimento e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">1</xref>. No entanto, al&#233;m de serem relativamente
               escassos os estudos sobre o tema, o que limita maiores conclus&#245;es, quest&#245;es relativas
               &#224; prescri&#231;&#227;o do treinamento no presente estudo necessitam ser melhor esclarecidas.
               Apesar de o protocolo ter sido estabelecido por meio de publica&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via de ensaio
               cl&#237;nico randomizado sobre o tema<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">3</xref>, a falta de
               descri&#231;&#227;o sobre o uso de f&#225;rmacos pelos pacientes do estudo, como betabloqueadores,
               que impactam no cronotropismo, reduzindo a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, poderia ter alterado
               os resultados do estudo. Assim, f&#243;rmulas que estimam a intensidade do treinamento,
               como a usada no citado estudo, passam a ser limitadas na presen&#231;a de f&#225;rmacos com
               intera&#231;&#227;o cronotr&#243;pica.</p>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, a n&#227;o utiliza&#231;&#227;o de exame ergoespirom&#233;trico na prescri&#231;&#227;o do exerc&#237;cio
               pode ter comprometido o estabelecimento real da intensidade do treinamento. Nesse
               contexto, &#233; sabido que intensidades diferentes geram adapta&#231;&#245;es diferentes no
               sistema, que, por sua vez, podem ter influenciado diferentes adapta&#231;&#245;es auton&#244;micas
               ap&#243;s o periodo de interven&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Esses fatores poderiam ter influenciado a interven&#231;&#227;o no ensaio cl&#237;nico de Nascimento
               e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">1</xref> e impactado no desfecho aferido.
               Dessa forma, novos estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para melhor investigar tais quest&#245;es, com
               maior controle das vari&#225;veis, visando conhecer as adapta&#231;&#245;es auton&#244;micas, em melhor
               padroniza&#231;&#227;o da prescri&#231;&#227;o/acompanhamento do treinamento f&#237;sico em grupo de
               indiv&#237;duos com cardiopatia chag&#225;sica, a fim de ter, quem sabe, dados
               alvissareiros.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA3" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Ramos</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Marcia Maria Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Manoel Ot&#225;vio da Costa</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Luiz Pinho</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Agradecemos aos autores pelos coment&#225;rios e pelas relevantes quest&#245;es levantadas sobre
            nosso artigo <italic>Efeitos do Treinamento F&#237;sico Sobre a Variabilidade da Frequ&#234;ncia
               Card&#237;aca na Cardiopatia Chag&#225;sica</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">1</xref> e
            gostar&#237;amos de aprofundar nossa discuss&#227;o, esclarecendo alguns pontos levantados pelos
            prezados colegas.</p>
      <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; influ&#234;ncia de f&#225;rmacos com efeito sobre a resposta cronotr&#243;pica na
            avalia&#231;&#227;o dos &#237;ndices de Variabilidade da Frequ&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca (VFC), realmente existem
            dados na literatura demonstrando os efeitos dos betabloqueadores<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">3</xref> e da
               amiodarona<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">5</xref> sobre a modula&#231;&#227;o auton&#244;mica, tanto em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia
            card&#237;aca quanto com outras condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas. Em geral, o uso de tais drogas parece
            promover melhora dos &#237;ndices nos dom&#237;nios do tempo e da frequ&#234;ncia, mas dados
            espec&#237;ficos na cardiopatia chag&#225;sica ainda s&#227;o escassos. Os &#237;ndices de utiliza&#231;&#227;o de
            betabloqueadores e amiodarona s&#227;o descritos na se&#231;&#227;o de resultados do artigo: os
            primeiros foram prescritos para 22,2% e 21,1% (p = 1,00) dos pacientes nos Grupos
            Interven&#231;&#227;o (GI) e Controle (GC), respectivamente, e a &#250;ltima para 77,8% e 84,2% (p =
            0,62). Dessa forma, apesar de definitivamente constitu&#237;rem um fator de confus&#227;o, sua
            utiliza&#231;&#227;o por propor&#231;&#245;es semelhantes de pacientes entre os grupos possivelmente
            balanceou os efeitos na an&#225;lise final. Ademais, por raz&#245;es &#233;ticas, n&#227;o seria poss&#237;vel a
            suspens&#227;o para realiza&#231;&#227;o do estudo, por tempo relativamente prolongado, de f&#225;rmacos
            fundamentais no manejo de pacientes com disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda.</p>
      <p>A intensidade ideal do treinamento foi calculada por meio da f&#243;rmula de Karvonen,
            conforme descrito. De forma semelhante, tamb&#233;m j&#225; se demonstrou que os betabloqueadores
            afetam a estimativa dessa intensidade, que objetiva uma frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca entre os
            limiares aer&#243;bico e anaer&#243;bico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">6</xref>. Nesse contexto,
            certamente a utiliza&#231;&#227;o do exame ergoespirom&#233;trico seria ideal e poderia fornecer uma
            estimativa mais fidedigna sobre a real intensidade do treinamento, padronizando-a entre
            os pacientes. Essa &#233; uma das limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo, citada especificamente nessa se&#231;&#227;o do
            artigo. Por outro lado, prop&#245;e-se que, apesar de a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca n&#227;o ser o
            par&#226;metro ideal para determina&#231;&#227;o da intensidade de treinamento em pacientes com doen&#231;a
            cardiovascular - por estar sujeita a m&#250;ltiplos fatores de confus&#227;o -, a correta
            padroniza&#231;&#227;o e a sistematiza&#231;&#227;o das sess&#245;es de treinamento, conforme feito em nosso
            programa supervisionado, podem melhorar a acur&#225;cia das f&#243;rmulas dispon&#237;veis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">7</xref>. Minimiza-se, assim, o impacto da n&#227;o realiza&#231;&#227;o
            de teste funcional com an&#225;lise de gases sobre o desfecho avaliado.</p>
      <p>Agradecemos os coment&#225;rios dos autores, que certamente contribu&#237;ram para discuss&#245;es
            adicionais sobre nosso estudo e levantaram pontos relevantes a serem considerados em
            investiga&#231;&#245;es subsequentes acerca desse t&#243;pico, para que se chegue a conclus&#245;es mais
            definitivas sobre o efeito aparentemente peculiar do treinamento f&#237;sico sobre a
            modula&#231;&#227;o auton&#244;mica na cardiopatia chag&#225;sica.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Atenciosamente,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Bruno Ramos Nascimento</p>
      <p>Marcia Maria Oliveira Lima</p>
      <p>Manoel Ot&#225;vio da Costa Rocha</p>
      <p>Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
