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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras.
					Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">jjgcBJd49F9LJxCJWVmzLdt</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2015000400006</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00006</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20150009</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Quality of Life on Arterial Hypertension: Validity of Known Groups of
					MINICHAL</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Soutello</surname>
            <given-names>Ana L&#250;cia Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Roberta Cunha Matheus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jannuzzi</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda Freire</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>S&#227;o-Jo&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Tha&#237;s Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Martinix</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Giordano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nadruz</surname>
            <given-names>Wilson</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gallani</surname>
            <given-names>Maria-Cec&#237;lia Bueno Jayme</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual de Campinas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Campinas</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp),
					Campinas, SP - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Estadual de Campinas</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universit&#233; Laval</institution>
        <country>Canad&#225;</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universit&#233; Laval &#8211; Canad&#225;</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universit&#233; Laval</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing address: Tha&#237;s Moreira S&#227;o-Jo&#227;o,</bold> Faculdade de Enfermagem &#8211;
					Unicamp, Rua Tess&#225;lia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universit&#225;ria &#8220;Zeferino
					Vaz&#8221;. Postal Code 13.083-887, Campinas, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail:
						<email>thaisms@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research:Soutello AL, Rodrigues R, Gallani MCBJ.
						Acquisition of data: Soutello AL, Jannuzzi FF, Martini GG, Nadruz Jr. W.
						Analysis and interpretation of the data: Soutello AL, Rodrigues R, S&#227;o- Jo&#227;o
						TM, Gallani MCBJ. Statistical analysis: Soutello AL, Rodrigues R, S&#227;o-Jo&#227;o
						TM. Obtaining financing:Soutello AL, Rodrigues R, S&#227;o-Jo&#227;o TM. Writing of
						the manuscript: Soutello AL, Rodrigues R, Nadruz Jr. W. Critical revision of
						the manuscript for intellectual content: Soutello AL, Rodrigues R, Jannuzzi
						FF, S&#227;o-Jo&#227;o TM, Martini GG, Nadruz Jr. W, Gallani MCBJ.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>104</volume>
      <issue>04</issue>
      <fpage>299</fpage>
      <lpage>307</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the
						Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits
						unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
						medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Introductions:</title>
          <p>In the care of hypertension, it is important that health professionals
						possess available tools that allow evaluating the impairment of the
						health-related quality of life, according to the severity of hypertension
						and the risk for cardiovascular events. Among the instruments developed for
						the assessment of health-related quality of life, there is the
						Mini-Cuestionario of Calidad de Vida en la Hipertensi&#243;n Arterial (MINICHAL)
						recently adapted to the Brazilian culture.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To estimate the validity of known groups of the Brazilian version of the
						MINICHAL regarding the classification of risk for cardiovascular events,
						symptoms, severity of dyspnea and target-organ damage.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Data of 200 hypertensive outpatients concerning sociodemographic and clinical
						information and health-related quality of life were gathered by consulting
						the medical charts and the application of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL.
						The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare health-related quality of life in
						relation to symptoms and target-organ damage. The Kruskal-Wallis test and
						ANOVA with ranks transformation were used to compare health-related quality
						of life in relation to the classification of risk for cardiovascular events
						and intensity of dyspnea, respectively.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>The MINICHAL was able to discriminate health-related quality of life in
						relation to symptoms and kidney damage, but did not discriminate
						health-related quality of life in relation to the classification of risk for
						cardiovascular events.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>The Brazilian version of the MINICHAL is a questionnaire capable of
						discriminating differences on the health&#8209;related quality of life regarding
						dyspnea, chest pain, palpitation, lipothymy, cephalea and renal damage.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Hypertensions</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality of Life</kwd>
        <kwd>Validation Studies</kwd>
        <kwd>Clinical Trial</kwd>
        <kwd>Psychometry</kwd>
        <kwd>Questionnaires</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CNPq</funding-source>
          <award-id>308824/2009-1</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>FAEPEX - Unicamp</funding-source>
          <award-id>165/09</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>This study was funded by CNPq (process: 308824/2009-1) e FAEPEX -
					Unicamp (165/09).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="10"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="28"/>
        <page-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Arterial hypertension (AH) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. It is a major
				condition for an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> have demonstrated that hypertensive
				patients with target organ damage (TOD) have a worse prognosis than patients with
				non&#8209;complicated AH, because of the high risk for cardiovascular events among those
				with vascular damage<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. Although common, high-risk AH is
				underdiagnosed or undertreated, and this has prompted the foreign guidelines to
				recommend that its management be based on the assessment of blood pressure levels
				and of the overall cardiovascular risk<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>.</p>
      <p>Early detection of hypertensive damage enables the introduction of drug therapy, thus
				contributing for the reduction of AH-related cardiovascular events and for a better
					prognosis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, as well as for the
				improvement of health&#8209;related quality of life (HRQoL).</p>
      <p>An adequate measurement of HRQoL is a challenge for health professionals, researchers
				and health policy makers<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>, and this has
				encouraged the construction and validation of HRQoL measurement instruments. Among
				the types of validity, that of known groups, which tests the difference of
				characteristics measured among two or more groups of subjects<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, is of great interest in the clinical practice because it
				permits the verification of the instrument's ability to discriminate groups with
				distinct characteristics such as different levels of severity of disease.</p>
      <p>In the care of hypertensive patients, it is important for health professionals to
				have tools to enable them to assess the impact on HRQoL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> according to the severity of AH and the risk for
				cardiovascular events; this should contribute for the design of specific
					interventions<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>.</p>
      <p>Among the instruments created to assess HRQoL, we point out the
					<italic>Mini-Cuestionario de Calidade de Vida em la Hipertensi&#243;n
					Arterial</italic> (MINICHAL)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>, recently adapted for Brazil<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. The Brazilian version showed evidences of
				reliability and validity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>, and proved to be able to discriminate
				normotensive from hypertensive individuals<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>.</p>
      <p>Since the severity of AH can be assessed according to different clinical criteria,
				the objective of this study was to estimate the validity of known groups of the
				Brazilian version of MINICHAL among hypertensive individuals, in relation to the
				classification or risk for cardiovascular events, the occurrence of TOD, the
				presence of symptoms and severity of dyspnea.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Research centers</title>
        <p>This research was carried out in an AH outpatient service of a university
					hospital and in a Basic Health Unit (UBS &#8211; <italic>Unidade B&#225;sica de
						Sa&#250;de</italic>), both located in the State of Sao Paulo.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Subjects</title>
        <p>A total of 200 hypertensive patients with ages 18 years and above, and being
					followed up on an outpatient basis for at least 6 months were enrolled in this
					study. Patients with secondary AH, comorbidities of great impact on HRQoL (such
					as neoplasia and dialytic kidney failure), chronic lung diseases not related to
					AH (to exclude patients with dyspnea not related to AH), and those unable to
					comprehend and communicate verbally.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Sampling process</title>
        <p>The sample size was calculated based on the difference between the means of
					MINICHAL domains observed in a pilot study (n = 27). Considering alpha of 0.05
					and a test power of 80% (beta of 0.20), a total of 200 subjects was estimated.
					In order to achieve the minimum estimated sample size, patients who met the
					inclusion criteria and did not meet any of the exclusion criteria were enrolled
					sequentially until the established n was reached.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data collection</title>
        <p>Data were collected by the principal investigator in the research centers
					previously mentioned, from May to December 2009, after the participants had
					given written informed consent (WIC). The method of available data recording was
					used to obtain sociodemographic data from the medical records (gender, skin
					color, age and marital status). To determine the overall cardiovascular risk
					according to international guidelines<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>,
					the following clinical variables were obtained: family history of early
					cardiovascular disease (in women with less than 65 years of age and men with
					less than 55); history of previous and current cigarette smoking; dyslipidemias;
					diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or glucose intolerance (plasma glucose levels between
					102 and 125 mg/dL); hyperuricemia (uric acid &gt; 7 mg/dL for men and &gt; 6.5
					mg/dL for women); obesity (body mass index &#8211; BMI &gt;&#160;30&#160;kg/m<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>); and abdominal obesity (waist
					circunference &#8211; WC &gt; 102 cm for men and &gt; 88 cm for women<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Definition of target organ damage</title>
        <p>In the present study, TOD was considered as kidney function abnormalities
					(microalbuminuria, decreased creatinine clearance and increased serum
					creatinine), cardiac abnormalities (echocardiographic evidence of left
					ventricular hypertrophy &#8211; LVH, and diastolic dysfunction), vascular diseases,
					and hypertensive retinopathy. LVH was defined by the ratio left ventricular mass
					/ body surface &#8805; 125 g/m<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> for men
					and &#8805; 110 g/m<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> for women<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>. Diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction was
					retrieved from Doppler echocardiography reports. The presence of at least one
					atherosclerotic plaque (defined as focal thickening &gt; 1.3 mm in any segment
					of the carotid arteries<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> and/or presence
					of diffuse wall thickening, with mean common carotid artery thickness &gt;&#160;0.9
					mm) was considered evidence of vascular abnormalities<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. Hypertensive retinopathy was diagnosed by the presence
					of the following abnormalities on fundoscopy, as performed by an
					ophthalmologist: arteriolar narrowing and light reflex changes (grade 1);
					arteriolar narrowing, more marked reflex changes and arteriovenous nicking
					(grade 2); grade 2 abnormalities, retinal hemorrhage and exudates (grade 3); or
					grade 3 abnormalities and papilledema (grade 4), according to the
					Keith-Wagener-Barker classification<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>.</p>
        <p>After data collection from the medical records, the patients were submitted to
					interview for collection of sociodemographic data (years of schooling,
					employment status, and monthly personal and family income) and clinical data,
					such as the presence of symptoms (dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, headache,
					palpitations, and presyncope), measured as dichotomous variables (yes/no). The
					purpose of interview was also to obtain information regarding HRQoL by means of
					the administration of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL. For hypertensive
					patients reporting dyspnea, severity of symptom was assessed by means of the
					Brazilian version of the instrument Medical Research Council (MRC)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Instruments</title>
        <p>MINICHAL consists of the short version<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
					of <italic>Calidad de Vida em la Hipertensi&#243;n Arterial</italic> (CHAL),
					developed and validated in Spain<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>. This is a self-administered
					instrument comprised of 16 items divided into the Mental Status (1 to 10) and
					Somatic Manifestations (11 to 16) dimensions, in addition to one general
					question on quality of life, which is not included in any of the dimensions. The
					items address the past 7 days, by means of a Likert scale with the following
					four possible answers: zero (absolutely not); 1 (yes, a little); 2 (yes,
					enough); and 3 (yes, a lot). The total score is obtained by the sum of the
					items, and ranges from zero to 30 for the Mental Status dimension, and from zero
					to 18 for the Somatic Manifestations dimension; the closer to zero, the better
					the quality of health. The question on general perception of health is scored
					with the same possible answers, but is not considered in the total score
					sum.</p>
        <p>In the present study, the Brazilian version of MINICHAL was used. However, for
					the total score sum, the composition of dimensions of the original
						instrument<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> was considered, since in
					the validation study for the Brazilian context<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>, item 10 was excluded from the Mental Status dimension and
					included in the Somatic Manifestations dimension, and the question regarding the
					overall perception of health was included as the 17th question. The total score
					was calculated when the number of missing questions did not exceed 25% of the
					total items administered, i.e., when the number of valid items was equal to 8
					and 5 in the Mental Status and Somatic Manifestations dimensions,
						respectively<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>. The question on
					general perception of health was not considered in the total score sum, like in
					the validation study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>. Although the
					instrument had been originally developed to be self-administered, given the low
					level of education of participants, it was decided that it would be administered
					by means of an interview. MINICHAL reliability was evaluated as for its internal
					consistency by means of the calculation of Cronbach's alpha (&#945;)
					coefficient. &#945; values of 0.85, 0.84 and 0.59 were verified for the total
					score sum, Mental Status dimension, and Somatic Manifestations dimension,
					respectively.</p>
        <p>MRC is an instrument developed and validated in England to measure the severity
					of dyspnea in patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>, and comprises five items, with answer scores ranging
					from 1 to 5. Grade 1 corresponds to breathlessness on strenuous exercise; grade
					2, to breathlessness hurrying on the level or up a slight hill; grade 3, when
					walking slower than people of the same age because of breathlessness or having
					to stop for breath even when walking at their own pace; grade 4, when having to
					stop after walking less than 100&#160;m or after a few minutes; and grade 5, when
					breathlessness prevents from leaving the house or when dressing. The version
					adapted for the Brazilian context was used<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data analysis</title>
        <p>Data were entered into the Excel for Windows 2003 software and transported to the
					Statistical Analysis System (SAS) for Windows version 9.02 software for
					descriptive analyses (of frequency for categorical variables; mean, median,
					standard deviation and variation for continuous variables) and comparison
					(between means of psycosocial variables). Since the variable of interest was
					non-normally distributed, non-parametric tests were used. The Mann-Whitney test
					was used to compare the HRQoL scores in relation to symptoms, and the Analysis
					of Variance (ANOVA) with rank transformation, to compare HRQoL among
					hypertensive patients with different levels of dyspnea<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>, followed by the Tukey's test to locate differences. The
					Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare HRQoL scores among hypertensive patients
					stratified according to their risk for cardiovascular events<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>, as follows: low, if stage-1 AH, with no
					risk factor (RF); moderate, if stage-1 AH, with one to two RF and stage-2 AH,
					with no RF or with one to two RF; high, if stages 1 or 2 AH, with three or more
					RF or TOD or DM; and very high, if stages 1 or 2 AH and cardiovascular disease
					and stage-3 AH, with one to two RF and/or with three or more RF or TOD or DM or
					cardiovascular disease. Findings were considered significant when p value &lt;
					0.05.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Ethical aspects</title>
        <p>The study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committees (report
					1083/2008), according to the Declaration of Helsinki.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>The sample (n = 200) was mostly comprised of women (58%);with a mean age of 57 (11.3)
				years; Caucasians (64.5%); living with a partner (61.5%); economically active
				(59.0%); with a mean schooltime of 6.0 (4.1) years; and mean personal and family
				income of 1.6 (1.5) and 3.2 (2.1) minimum wages per month, respectively (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Table 1</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t01">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Sociodemographic characteristics of the hypertensive individuals (n =
						200) being followed up on an outpatient basis in a university hospital and
						Basic Health Unit, Campinas, 2009, 2010</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Sociodemographic variables</th>
              <th align="center">n</th>
              <th align="center">%</th>
              <th align="center">Mean (SD)</th>
              <th align="center">Median</th>
              <th align="center">Variation</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>Age (years)</td>
              <td align="center">200</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">57 (11.3)</td>
              <td align="center">57</td>
              <td align="center">21-82</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Female gender</td>
              <td align="center">116</td>
              <td align="center">58.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Caucasian</td>
              <td align="center">129</td>
              <td align="center">64.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Level of education (years)</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
              <td align="center">4</td>
              <td align="center">0-16</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Marital status with partner</td>
              <td align="center">123</td>
              <td align="center">61.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
              <td>
                <bold>Employment status (n = 198)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Inactive</td>
              <td align="center">81</td>
              <td align="center">40.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Active</td>
              <td align="center">76</td>
              <td align="center">38.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Housewife</td>
              <td align="center">42</td>
              <td align="center">21.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
              <td>
                <bold>Income, MW<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN01">*</xref>
								</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Monthly Personal income</td>
              <td align="center">199</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">1.6 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">1.29</td>
              <td align="center">0.0-8.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Monthly family income</td>
              <td align="center">197</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">3.2 (2.1)</td>
              <td align="center">2.58</td>
              <td align="center">0.0-12.9</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN01">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>MW in the period of data collection was R$465.00
							(US$265.71). MW: minimum wage; SD: standard deviation.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The group was characterized by a mean time of 12.6 (10.5) years of AH, with a mean of
				3.1 (1.7) associated clinical conditions and/or RF. Half the group showed more than
				two associated symptoms; 42.5% had TOD, especially LVH and mean use of 3.6 (2.4)
				medications/day. Half the sample showed high and/or very high risk for the
				occurrence of cardiovascular events (50.5%); 16.5% of the subjects were considered
				with no risk for cardiovascular events, since their blood pressure levels fit the
				optimal/normal/borderline stage (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Table
				2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t02">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Clinical characteristics of the hypertensive patients (n = 200) being
						followed up on an outpatient basis in a university hospital and Basic Health
						Unit, Campinas, 2009, 2010</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Clinical variables</th>
              <th align="center">n</th>
              <th align="center">%</th>
              <th align="center">Mean (SD)</th>
              <th align="center">Median</th>
              <th align="center">Variation</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
              <td>Time of arterial hypertension (years)</td>
              <td align="center">198</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">12.6 (10.5)</td>
              <td align="center">10</td>
              <td align="center">1-53</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Associated risk factors/clinical conditions</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Dyslipidemia</td>
              <td align="center">133</td>
              <td align="center">66.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Abdominal obesity (WC<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN02">*</xref>)</td>
              <td align="center">132</td>
              <td align="center">66.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Family history of cardiovascular disease</td>
              <td align="center">117</td>
              <td align="center">58.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Obesity (BMI<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN03">&#8224;</xref>)</td>
              <td align="center">90</td>
              <td align="center">45.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Metabolic syndrome</td>
              <td align="center">82</td>
              <td align="center">41.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Glucose intolerance<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN04">&#182;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">55</td>
              <td align="center">27.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
              <td align="center">32</td>
              <td align="center">16.2</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Hyperuricemia<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN05">&#167;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">31</td>
              <td align="center">15.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Current cigarette smoking</td>
              <td align="center">21</td>
              <td align="center">10.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Number of associated clinical conditions</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">3.1 (1.7)</td>
              <td align="center">3</td>
              <td align="center">0-7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Acute coronary syndrome and/or myocardial revascularization</td>
              <td align="center">26</td>
              <td align="center">13.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Heart failure</td>
              <td align="center">12</td>
              <td align="center">6.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Stroke/transient ischemia</td>
              <td align="center">10</td>
              <td align="center">5.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Peripheral artery disease</td>
              <td align="center">6</td>
              <td align="center">3.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
              <td>
                <bold>Target organ damage</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>LVH<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN06">&#8225;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">85</td>
              <td align="center">42.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Diastolic dysfunction</td>
              <td align="center">80</td>
              <td align="center">40.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Hypertensive renal damage<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN07">&#8224;&#8224;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">21</td>
              <td align="center">10.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Hypertensive retinopathy<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN08">&#182;&#182;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">21</td>
              <td align="center">10.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Carotid thickening<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN09">&#167;&#167;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">6</td>
              <td align="center">3.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
              <td>
                <bold>Symptoms</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Headache</td>
              <td align="center">94</td>
              <td align="center">47.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Palpitations</td>
              <td align="center">71</td>
              <td align="center">35.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Lipotimia</td>
              <td align="center">57</td>
              <td align="center">28.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Dyspnea</td>
              <td align="center">57</td>
              <td align="center">28.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Chest pain</td>
              <td align="center">54</td>
              <td align="center">27.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Number of associated symptoms</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">2.1 (1.6)</td>
              <td align="center">2</td>
              <td align="center">0-6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Number of medications used</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">3.6 (2.4)</td>
              <td align="center">3</td>
              <td align="center">0-11</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
              <td>
                <bold>Risk stratification for cardiovascular events<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8225;&#8225;</xref>
								</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>No risk</td>
              <td align="center">33</td>
              <td align="center">16.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Low risk</td>
              <td align="center">29</td>
              <td align="center">14.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Moderate risk</td>
              <td align="center">37</td>
              <td align="center">18.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>High risk</td>
              <td align="center">65</td>
              <td align="center">32.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Very high risk</td>
              <td align="center">36</td>
              <td align="center">18.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN02">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>WC &gt; 102 cm for men and &gt; 88 cm for women;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN03">
            <label>&#8224;</label>
            <p>BMI &gt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN04">
            <label>&#182;</label>
            <p>blood glucose between 102-125 mg/dL;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN05">
            <label>&#167;</label>
            <p>uric acid &gt; 7 mg/dL for men and &gt; 6.5 mg/dL for women;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN06">
            <label>&#8225;</label>
            <p>LVH &#8805; 125 g/m<sup>2</sup> ffor men and &#8805; 110
								g/m<sup>2</sup> for women;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN07">
            <label>&#8224;&#8224;</label>
            <p>hypertensive renal damage: creatinine clearance &#8804; 60 mL/minute
							and/or serum creatinine &gt; 1.5 mg/dL for men and &gt; 1.4 mg/dL for
							women and/or microalbuminuria &gt; 300 mg/24 hours;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN08">
            <label>&#182;&#182;</label>
            <p>hypertensive retinopathy: arteriolar narrowing and light reflex changes
							(grade 1); arteriolar narrowing and more marked reflex changes and
							arteriovenous nicking (grade 2); grade 2 changes, retinal hemorrhages
							and exudates (grade 3); or grade 3 changes and papilledema (grade 4) on
							fundoscopy;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN09">
            <label>&#167;&#167;</label>
            <p>intima-media &gt; 0.9 mm;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN10">
            <label>&#8225;&#8225;</label>
            <p>according to the European Society of Hypertension/European Society of
							Cardiology Guidelines7. SD:&#160;standard deviation; WC: waist circumference;
							BMI: body mass index; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <sec>
        <title>Construct validity: assessment of known groups</title>
        <p>The construct validity of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL was verified by means
					of the assessment of known groups.</p>
        <p> It has been hypothesized that hypertensive patients with symptoms (dyspnea,
					chest pain, presyncope, palpitations and headache), TOD and high risk for
					cardiovascular events would have a significantly higher HRQoL score than
					hypertensive patients with no complications, i.e., with no symptoms, no TOD, and
					at a low risk for cardiovascular events, according to international
					guidelines.</p>
        <p>Significantly higher HRQoL scores were observed among those with renal damage in
					comparison to hypertensive patients with preserved renal function, as regards
					the Somatic Manifestations dimension and total MINICHAL score. However, no
					significant difference was observed in the comparison of HRQoL scores between
					patients with or without LVH, as well as between those with and without
					diastolic dysfunction and/or hypertensive retinopathy (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t03">Table 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t03">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Scores of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL, according to clinical
							variables of hypertensive patients followed up on an outpatient basis (n
							= 200), Campinas, 2009, 2010</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th rowspan="3">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th colspan="4" align="center" style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">Domains of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">Mental Status</th>
                <th align="center">Somatic Manifestations</th>
                <th align="center">Total score </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">n</th>
                <th align="center">Mean (SD)</th>
                <th align="center">Mean (SD)</th>
                <th align="center">Mean (SD)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">LVH<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">85</td>
                <td align="center">6.3 (5.3)</td>
                <td align="center">3.3 (2.6)</td>
                <td align="center">9.6 (6.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">115</td>
                <td align="center">7.0 (5.5)</td>
                <td align="center">3.5 (2.7)</td>
                <td align="center">10.5 (7.2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Hypertensive retinopathy<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">&#182;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">6.2 (4.3)</td>
                <td align="center">3.9 (3.1)</td>
                <td align="center">10.1 (6.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">179</td>
                <td align="center">6.8 (5.6)</td>
                <td align="center">3.4 (2.6)</td>
                <td align="center">10.1 (7.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Renal damage<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">&#167;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">7.7 (4.5)</td>
                <td align="center">4.8 (3.2)</td>
                <td align="center">12.5 (5.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">179</td>
                <td align="center">6.6 (5.5)</td>
                <td align="center">3.3 (2.5)</td>
                <td align="center">9.9 (7.1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.05</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.05</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Diastolic function<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">&#8225;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">80</td>
                <td align="center">6.7 (5.9)</td>
                <td align="center">3.4 (2.7)</td>
                <td align="center">10.1 (7.5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">83</td>
                <td align="center">6.9 (4.7)</td>
                <td align="center">3.7 (2.6)</td>
                <td align="center">10.7 (6.2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Dyspnea</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">57</td>
                <td align="center">8.9(6.9)</td>
                <td align="center">4.9 (2.9)</td>
                <td align="center">13.9 (8.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">143</td>
                <td align="center">5.8 (4.5)</td>
                <td align="center">2.8 (2.3)</td>
                <td align="center">8.7 (5.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.01</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Chest pain</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">54</td>
                <td align="center">9.2 (6.7)</td>
                <td align="center">5.3 (3.0 )</td>
                <td align="center">14.5 (7.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">146</td>
                <td align="center">5.8 (4.6)</td>
                <td align="center">2.7 (2.1)</td>
                <td align="center">8.5(5.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Presyncope</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">57</td>
                <td align="center">8.0 (5.9)</td>
                <td align="center">4.0 (2.5)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (7.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">143</td>
                <td align="center">6.2 (5.2)</td>
                <td align="center">3.2 (2.7)</td>
                <td align="center">9.4 (6.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.05</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.05</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.05</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Palpitations</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">71</td>
                <td align="center">9.0 (6.6)</td>
                <td align="center">4.9 (3.0)</td>
                <td align="center">13.9 (8.1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">129</td>
                <td align="center">5.4 (4.2)</td>
                <td align="center">2.6 (2.0)</td>
                <td align="center">8.1 (5.4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Headache</td>
                <td align="center">Yes</td>
                <td align="center">94</td>
                <td align="center">8.2 (5.7)</td>
                <td align="center">4.0 (2.7)</td>
                <td align="center">12.2 (7.2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">No</td>
                <td align="center">106</td>
                <td align="center">5.4 (4.9)</td>
                <td align="center">2.9 (2.5)</td>
                <td align="center">8.3 (6.4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.01</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN11">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Mann-Whitney test;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN12">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>left ventricular hypertrophy: ventricular mass/body surface &#8805;
								125 g/m<sup>2</sup> for men and &#8805; 110 g/m<sup>2</sup> for
								women;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN13">
              <label>&#182;</label>
              <p>hypertensive retinopathy: presence of arteriolar narrowing and venous
								dilatation (type 1); arteries with spasms and pathological
								arteriovenous nicking (type 2); obvious arterial narrowing and
								irregularities, flame-shaped hemorrhage or cotton-wool spots (type
								3); or papilledema associated with types 1, 2 and 3 (type 4) on
								fundoscopy;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN14">
              <label>&#167;</label>
              <p>renal damage: creatinine clearance &#8804; 60mL/minute or serum
								creatinine &gt; 1.5 mg/dL for men and &gt; 1.4 mg/dL for women or
								microalbumin&#250;ria &gt; 300 mg/24 hours;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN15">
              <label>&#8225;</label>
              <p>diastolic dysfunction: retrieved from Doppler echocardiogram report.
								SD: standard deviation; NS: not significant; LVH: left ventricular
								hypertrophy.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>We verified that hypertensive patients reporting symptoms showed significantly
					higher scores (worse HRQoL) in both dimensions and total score of the Brazilian
					version of MINICHAL when compared to those without symptoms.</p>
        <p>In addition, the Brazilian version of MINICHAL was proven to be able to
					discriminate HRQoL among hypertensive patients without and with different levels
					of dyspnea (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t04">Table 4</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t04">
          <label>Table 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Scores of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL, according to the
							severity of dyspnea in outpatient hypertensive patients (n = 200),
							Campinas, 2009, 2010</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th rowspan="3">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th colspan="6" align="center" style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">Domains of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center">Mental Status</th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center">Somatic manifestations</th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center">Total score </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">n</th>
                <th align="center">Mean (SD)</th>
                <th align="center">p value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">*</xref>
								</th>
                <th align="center">Mean (SD)</th>
                <th align="center">p value</th>
                <th align="center">Mean (SD)</th>
                <th align="center">p value</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Grade 0 &#8211; no dyspnea</td>
                <td align="center">145</td>
                <td align="center">5.8 (4.6)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.01<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">&#8224;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">2.8 (2.3)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">&#182;</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">8.7 (5.8)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">&#167;</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Grade 1 &#8211; breathlessness on strenuous exercise</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
                <td align="center">8.3 (10.0)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">2.9 (2.5)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">11.2 (12.3)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Grade 2 &#8211; breathlessness hurrying on the level or up a light
									hill</td>
                <td align="center">18</td>
                <td align="center">7.9 (5.7)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">4.5 (2.8)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">12.4 (7.0)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Grade 3 &#8211; Walks slower than people of the same age because of
									breathlessness or has to stop for breath even when walking at
									his/her own pace</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">10.0 (5.3)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">6.7 (3.0)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">16.7 (7.4)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Grade 4 &#8211; Has to stop for breath after walkin less than 100 m or
									after a few minutes</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
                <td align="center">9.9 (7.3)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">5.7 (3.0)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">15.6 (9.4)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Grade 5 &#8211; Breathlessness prevents from leaving the house or when
									dressing</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
                <td align="center">10.3 (5.7)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">6.0 (2.7)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">16.3 (15.2)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN16">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>ANOVA with rank transformation, followed by Tukey test:</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN17">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>degree 0 &#8800; degree 5;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN18">
              <label>&#182;</label>
              <p>degrees 3, 4, 5 &#8800; 0;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN19">
              <label>&#167;</label>
              <p>degrees 4, 5 &#8800; 0.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>However, no dimension of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL was able to
					discriminate HRQoL between patients classified as without and/or at a
					low/moderate risk and those at a high/very high risk for cardiovascular events
						(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t05">Table 5</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t05">
          <label>Table 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Scores of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL, according to the risk
							for cardiovascular events of hypertensive patients followed up on an
							outpatient basis (n = 200), Campinas, 2009, 2010</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th rowspan="3">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th colspan="6" align="center" style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">Domains of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center">Mental Status</th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center">Somatic manifestations</th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center">Total score </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">n</th>
                <th align="center">Mean (SD)</th>
                <th align="center">p value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">*</xref>
								</th>
                <th align="center">Mean (SD)</th>
                <th align="center">p value</th>
                <th align="center">Mean (SD)</th>
                <th align="center">p value</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
                <td>
                  <bold>Cardiovascular risk stratification</bold>
                  <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">&#8224;</xref>
                </td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>No additional risk</td>
                <td align="center">33</td>
                <td align="center">7.3 (6.8)</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
                <td align="center">3.4 (2.5)</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
                <td align="center">10.7 (8.5)</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">29</td>
                <td align="center">6.1 (5.0)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">2.9 (2.5)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">9.0 (6.6)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Moderate risk</td>
                <td align="center">37</td>
                <td align="center">7.1 (6.0)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">3.3 (2.1)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">10.4 (7.5)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>High risk</td>
                <td align="center">65</td>
                <td align="center">6.8 (5.1)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">3.6 (2.8)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">10.3 (6.6)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Very high risk</td>
                <td align="center">36</td>
                <td align="center">6.1 (4.5)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">3.9 (3.0)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">10.0 (6.4)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:thin;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:thin">
                <td>
                  <bold>Cardiovascular risk stratification</bold>
                  <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">&#182;</xref>
                </td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>No/ low and/ or moderate risk</td>
                <td align="center">99</td>
                <td align="center">6.9 (6.0)</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
                <td align="center">3.2 (2.4)</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
                <td align="center">10.1 (7.6)</td>
                <td align="center">NS</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>High/ very high risk</td>
                <td align="center">101</td>
                <td align="center">6.5 (4.9)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">3.7 (2.9)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">10.2 (6.5)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN20">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Kruskal-Wallis test;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN21">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology
									Guidelines<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN22">
              <label>&#182;</label>
              <p>Clustered cardiovascular risk stratification. SD: standard deviation;
								NS: not significant.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The objective of this study was to broaden the assessment of the validity of known
				groups of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL. Thus, the ability of this instrument to
				discriminate hypertensive patients in relation to the severity of AH was
				investigated, according to criteria for the classification of risk for
				cardiovascular events and the occurrence of TOD, as well as in relation to the
				presence of symptoms and severity of dyspnea.</p>
      <p>Our findings showed that the Brazilian version of MINICHAL was not able to
				discriminate hypertensive patients according to the criteria used for the
				classification of severity of AH. No significant difference was observed in HRQoL
				measurement in the different stages of risk for cardiovascular events, or among
				patients with and without TOD, except for renal dysfunction.</p>
      <p>However, the instrument was sensitive to show differences in HRQoL according to the
				presence of all the symptoms analyzed. In this regard, our findings are important
				and point to a significant perspective to be considered in the follow-up of
				hypertensive patients. Classically, AH is described as an asymptomatic condition.
				Nonetheless, in clinical practice, AH is associated with the presence of
				cardiovascular symptoms, probably because of the presence of other
					comorbidities<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. In the present study,
				50% of patients had more than two associated symptoms, and this corroborates the
				importance of the assessment of cardiovascular symptoms throughout the clinical
				follow-up of hypertensive patients.</p>
      <p>In the validation study of the original version of MINICHAL in the Spanish
					population<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>, significant differences
				were observed in the Somatic Manifestations score among hypertensive patients
				classified according to the stages of severity of AH proposed by the World Health
				Organization (stage I, with no signs of TOD; stage II, with one sign or symptom of
				TOD; or stage III, &#8805; 1 sign and symptom of TOD)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>. However, it is important to emphasize that the HRQoL
				measurement was different only regarding the comparison between stage-I patients (no
				signs of TOD and probably with no symptoms) and those of clustered stages II and
				III, in which the presence of symptoms was expected.</p>
      <p>In a previous study assessing HRQoL of hypertensive patients using a generic
				instrument, correlation between echocardiographic changes resulting from AH and
				HRQoL was verified only for the group presenting with dyspnea. For the group without
				this symptom, there was no correlation between variables. Thus, the findings point
				to dyspnea as an important moderator in the relation between HRQoL and one of the
				indicators of severity of disease, because of the echocardiographic
					abnormalities<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>.</p>
      <p>Another Brazilian study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> used the Medical
				Outcomes Study 36 &#8211; Item Short &#8211; Form Health Survey (SF-36) to evaluate HRQoL of 100
				hypertensive patients participating in an interdisciplinary experimental study based
				on educational activities. No changes in the quality of life were detected among the
				intervention and control groups, and this was attributed to the characteristic of
				systemic AH of being asymptomatic.</p>
      <p>It is possible that the relatively small case series of the present study has
				contributed to the absence of significant findings as regards the ability of the
				Brazilian version of MINICHAL to discriminate different stages of severity of AH.
				However, the low variability of scores in the different stages weakens this
				hypothesis. It is hypothesized that the severity of AH, when assessed according to
				the presence or absence of cardiovascular symptoms, is an indicator of changes in
				HRQoL. This assumption corroborates the importance of the assessment of symptoms
				throughout the follow-up of hypertensive patients so that the pharmacological and
				non-pharmacological approaches be adjusted also as a function of HRQoL, which is
				affected by the manifestation of symptoms.</p>
      <p>In the present study, the fact that the Brazilian version of MINICHAL was not able to
				discriminate HRQoL between hypertensive patients with and without LVH may be
				explained by the inclusion of hypertensive patients with structural cardiac changes,
				whether symptomatic or asymptomatic. In the Spanish study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>, the hypertensive patients were grouped according to the
				presence of signs and symptoms of TOD, which may have contributed to the
				discrimination of HRQoL, since MINICHAL seems to be sensitive in the detection of
				differences in HRQoL in the presence of symptoms. The Brazilian version of MINICHAL
				was also not able to discriminate HRQoL among patients allocated at the extremes of
				the classification of risk for cardiovascular events, which considers AH stages,
				coexistence of RF, cardiovascular disease, and TOD. The small number of patients
				distributed in the different strata of the classification may have contributed to
				this finding.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>The findings of this study permit the conclusion that the Brazilian version of
				MINICHAL is an instrument able to discriminate differences in the health-related
				quality of life in relation to the symptoms of dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations,
				presyncope and headache, as well as to the presence of renal damage (target organ
				damage). However, the Brazilian version of MINICHAL was not able to discriminate
				health-related quality of life among hypertensive patients allocated at the extremes
				of the classification of risk for cardiovascular events. Further studies with larger
				sample sizes are recommended to elucidate the ability of the Brazilian version of
				MINICHAL to discriminate health-related quality of life in hypertensive patients
				with different degrees of severity of the disease.</p>
      <p><bold>Financial disclosure:</bold> This studied was financed by the National Council
				of Scientific and Technological Development (<italic>Conselho Nacional de
					Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico &#8211; </italic>CNPq), by means of a
				research grant (PQ) 2010 &#8211; 2012, process 308824/2009-1.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was funded by CNPq (process: 308824/2009-1) e FAEPEX - Unicamp
					(165/09).</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the dissertation of master submitted by Ana L&#250;cia Soares
					Soutello, from Universidade Estadual de Campinas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et
					al; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on
					Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure;
					National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The
					seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection,
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Qualidade de Vida na Hipertens&#227;o Arterial: Validade de Grupos
					Conhecidos do MINICHAL</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Soutello</surname>
            <given-names>Ana L&#250;cia Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Roberta Cunha Matheus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jannuzzi</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda Freire</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>S&#227;o-Jo&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Tha&#237;s Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Martinix</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Giordano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nadruz </surname>
            <given-names>Wilson</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gallani</surname>
            <given-names>Maria-Cec&#237;lia Bueno Jayme</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp),
					Campinas, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universit&#233; Laval &#8211; Canad&#225;</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Tha&#237;s Moreira S&#227;o-Jo&#227;o</bold>, Faculdade de Enfermagem &#8211;
					Unicamp, Rua Tess&#225;lia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universit&#225;ria &#8220;Zeferino
					Vaz&#8221;. CEP 13.083-887, Campinas, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail:
						<email>thaisms@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Soutello AL, Rodrigues R, Gallani MCBJ.
						Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Soutello AL, Jannuzzi FF, Martini GG, Nadruz Jr. W.
						An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Soutello AL, Rodrigues R, S&#227;o-Jo&#227;o TM,
						Gallani MCBJ. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Soutello AL, Rodrigues R, S&#227;o-Jo&#227;o TM.
						Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Soutello AL, Rodrigues R, S&#227;o-Jo&#227;o TM. Reda&#231;&#227;o do
						manuscrito: Soutello AL, Rodrigues R, Nadruz Jr. W. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do
						manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Soutello AL, Rodrigues
						R, Jannuzzi FF, S&#227;o-Jo&#227;o TM, Martini GG, Nadruz Jr. W, Gallani MCBJ.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>No cuidado ao hipertenso, &#233; importante que o profissional de sa&#250;de disponha
						de ferramentas que possibilitem avaliar o comprometimento da qualidade de
						vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de, de acordo com a gravidade da hipertens&#227;o e o risco
						para eventos cardiovasculares. Dentre os instrumentos criados para avalia&#231;&#227;o
						da qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de, destaca-se o
							<italic>Mini-Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida en la Hipertensi&#243;n
							Arterial</italic> (MINICHAL), recentemente adaptado para a cultura
						brasileira.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Estimar a validade de grupos conhecidos da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL em
						rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco para eventos cardiovasculares, sintomas,
						intensidade da dispneia e les&#245;es de &#243;rg&#227;os-alvo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Foram investigados 200 hipertensos em seguimento ambulatorial, cujos dados
						sociodemogr&#225;ficos, cl&#237;nicos e de qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de foram
						obtidos por meio de consulta ao prontu&#225;rio e da aplica&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o
						brasileira do MINICHAL. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para comparar
						qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de em rela&#231;&#227;o aos sintomas e &#224;s les&#245;es de
						&#243;rg&#227;os-alvo. Teste de Kruskal-Wallis e ANOVA com transforma&#231;&#227;o nos
							<italic>ranks</italic> foram empregados para comparar qualidade de vida
						relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco para eventos
						cardiovasculares e intensidade da dispneia, respectivamente.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>O MINICHAL discriminou qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de em rela&#231;&#227;o aos
						sintomas e dano renal (les&#245;es de &#243;rg&#227;os-alvo), por&#233;m n&#227;o discriminou
						qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco
						para eventos cardiovasculares.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>A vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL &#233; um instrumento capaz de discriminar
						diferen&#231;as na qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de em rela&#231;&#227;o aos sintomas
						de dispneia, precordialgia, palpita&#231;&#227;o, lipot&#237;mia, cefaleia e presen&#231;a de
						dano renal.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Qualidade de Vida</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudos de Valida&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Ensaio Cl&#237;nico</kwd>
        <kwd>Psicometria</kwd>
        <kwd>Question&#225;rios</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CNPq</funding-source>
          <award-id>308824/2009-1</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>FAEPEX - Unicamp</funding-source>
          <award-id>165/09</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>O presente estudo foi financiado por CNPq (processo:
					308824/2009-1) e FAEPEX - Unicamp (165/09).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A Hipertens&#227;o Arterial (HA) constitui patologia altamente prevalente no mundo.
					Trata-se de condi&#231;&#227;o majorit&#225;ria para aumento do risco de morbimortalidade
						cardiovascular<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Estudos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> evidenciaram que hipertensos com Les&#245;es
					de &#211;rg&#227;os-Alvo (LOA) apresentam pior progn&#243;stico que pacientes com HA n&#227;o
					complicada, em raz&#227;o do elevado risco para eventos cardiovasculares entre
					aqueles com dano vascular<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. A HA de elevado risco, embora
					frequente, n&#227;o &#233; reconhecida ou &#233; subtratada, o que levou os
						<italic>guidelines</italic> estrangeiros a recomendarem que seu manejo fosse
					baseado na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos e na avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco
					cardiovascular global<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>.</p>
        <p>A detec&#231;&#227;o precoce do dano hipertensivo tem possibilitado a institui&#231;&#227;o de
					terap&#234;utica farmacol&#243;gica, contribuindo para redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares
					associados &#224; HA e para um melhor progn&#243;stico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, bem como para a melhora da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada &#224; Sa&#250;de
					(QVRS).</p>
        <p>Mensurar adequadamente a QVRS constitui desafio para profissionais de sa&#250;de,
					pesquisadores e formadores de pol&#237;ticas de sa&#250;de<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>, o que tem motivado a constru&#231;&#227;o e a valida&#231;&#227;o de instrumentos de
					medida de QVRS. Dentre os tipos de validade, a de grupos conhecidos, que testa a
					diferen&#231;a das caracter&#237;sticas medidas entre dois ou mais grupos de sujeitos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, &#233; de grande interesse para a pr&#225;tica
					cl&#237;nica, uma vez que permite verificar a capacidade do instrumento em
					discriminar grupos com caracter&#237;sticas distintas, como, por exemplo, diferentes
					n&#237;veis de gravidade da doen&#231;a.</p>
        <p>No cuidado ao hipertenso, &#233; importante que o profissional de sa&#250;de disponha de
					ferramentas que possibilitem avaliar o comprometimento na QVRS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> de acordo com a gravidade da HA e o
					risco para eventos cardiovasculares, o que deve contribuir para o delineamento
					de interven&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>.</p>
        <p>Dentre os instrumentos criados para avalia&#231;&#227;o da QVRS, destaca-se o
						<italic>Mini-Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida en la Hipertensi&#243;n
						Arterial</italic> (MINICHAL)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>, recentemente adaptado para o
						Brasil<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. A vers&#227;o brasileira
					apresentou evid&#234;ncias de confiabilidade e validade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>, e demonstrou ser capaz de discriminar
					indiv&#237;duos normotensos de hipertensos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>.</p>
        <p>Como a gravidade da HA pode ser avaliada segundo diferentes crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos,
					este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a validade de grupos conhecidos da vers&#227;o
					brasileira do MINICHAL entre hipertensos, em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco
					para eventos cardiovasculares, &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de LOA, &#224; presen&#231;a de sintomas e &#224;
					intensidade da dispneia.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Campo de pesquisa</title>
          <p>A pesquisa foi realizada no ambulat&#243;rio de HA de hospital universit&#225;rio e em
						Unidade B&#225;sica de Sa&#250;de (UBS), ambos localizados no interior do Estado de
						S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Sujeitos</title>
          <p>Fizeram parte deste estudo 200 pacientes hipertensos, com idade superior a 18
						anos, em seguimento ambulatorial h&#225; no m&#237;nimo 6 meses. Foram exclu&#237;dos os
						pacientes com HA secund&#225;ria, comorbidades de grande impacto na QVRS (como
						neoplasia e insufici&#234;ncia renal dial&#237;tica, por exemplo), pneumopatias
						cr&#244;nicas n&#227;o relacionadas &#224; HA (para excluir pacientes com dispneia n&#227;o
						relacionada &#224; HA), e aqueles com incapacidade de compreens&#227;o e comunica&#231;&#227;o
						verbal.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Processo de amostragem</title>
          <p>O tamanho da amostra foi calculado com base na diferen&#231;a entre as m&#233;dias dos
						dom&#237;nios do MINICHAL observadas em estudo piloto (n = 27). Considerando-se
						alfa de 0,05 e o poder do teste de 80% (beta de 0,20), foi estimado um total
						de 200 sujeitos. A fim de atingir o tamanho amostral m&#237;nimo estimado, foram
						arrolados os pacientes que atenderam aos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e que n&#227;o
						apresentaram nenhum dos crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o, de forma sequencial, at&#233;
						atingir o n estabelecido.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Coleta de dados</title>
          <p>A coleta de dados foi realizada pelo pesquisador principal nos referidos
						campos de pesquisa, no per&#237;odo de maio a dezembro de 2009. Os dados foram
						coletados ap&#243;s assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido
						(TCLE). O m&#233;todo de registro de dados dispon&#237;veis foi utilizado para
						obten&#231;&#227;o de dados sociodemogr&#225;ficos presentes no prontu&#225;rio (sexo, cor,
						idade e estado civil). Para determina&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular global de
						acordo com diretrizes internacionais<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>, foram obtidas as vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas: hist&#243;ria familiar prematura
						de doen&#231;a cardiovascular (em mulheres com menos de 65 anos e homens com
						menos de 55&#160;anos), hist&#243;ria pregressa e atual de tabagismo, dislipidemias,
						Diabetes Melito (DM) e/ou intoler&#226;ncia &#224; glicose (glicemia entre 102 e 125
						mg/dL), hiperuricemia (&#225;cido &#250;rico &gt; 7 mg/dL para homens e &gt;&#160;6,5&#160;mg/dL
						para mulheres), obesidade (&#205;ndice de Massa Corporal &#8211; IMC&#160;&gt;&#160;30&#160;kg/m<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>) e obesidade abdominal
						(Circunfer&#234;ncia Abdominal &#8211; CA &gt; 102 cm para homens e &gt; 88 cm para
							mulheres<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Defini&#231;&#227;o de les&#227;o de &#243;rg&#227;o-alvo</title>
          <p>No presente estudo, foram consideradas LOA as altera&#231;&#245;es na fun&#231;&#227;o renal
						(microalbumin&#250;ria, diminui&#231;&#227;o do <italic>clearance</italic> de creatinina e
						aumento da creatinina s&#233;rica), card&#237;acas (evid&#234;ncia ecocardiogr&#225;fica de
						Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda &#8211; HVE e disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica) e vasculares,
						e retinopatia hipertensiva. A HVE foi definida pela rela&#231;&#227;o massa do
						ventr&#237;culo esquerdo/superf&#237;cie corp&#243;rea &#8805; 125 g/m<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> para homens e &#8805; 110 g/m<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> para mulheres<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>. A disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica foi obtida por meio do laudo
						do Ecodopplercardiograma. A presen&#231;a de, no m&#237;nimo, uma placa
						ateroscler&#243;tica (definida como um espessamento focal &gt; 1,3 mm em qualquer
						segmento das art&#233;rias car&#243;tidas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
						e/ou a presen&#231;a de espessamento difuso da parede, com m&#233;dia da espessura da
						art&#233;ria car&#243;tida comum &gt; 0,9 mm) foi considerada evid&#234;ncia de altera&#231;&#245;es
							vasculares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. A retinopatia
						hipertensiva foi diagnosticada pela presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#245;es na fundoscopia,
						realizada por m&#233;dico oftalmologista: estreitamento arteriolar e altera&#231;&#245;es
						leves do reflexo arterial (grau 1); estreitamento arteriolar, altera&#231;&#245;es do
						reflexo arterial mais acentuado e cruzamento arteriovenoso (grau 2);
						altera&#231;&#245;es do grau 2, hemorragias retinianas e exsudatos (grau 3); ou
						altera&#231;&#245;es do grau 3 e papiledema (grau 4), de acordo com a classifica&#231;&#227;o de
							Keith-Wagener-Barker<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>.</p>
          <p>Subsequentemente &#224; coleta de dados do prontu&#225;rio, os pacientes foram
						submetidos &#224; entrevista, para obten&#231;&#227;o de dados sociodemogr&#225;ficos (anos de
						escolaridade, situa&#231;&#227;o profissional, e renda mensal individual e familiar) e
						cl&#237;nicos, como a presen&#231;a de sintomas(dispneia, precordialgia, fadiga,
						cefaleia, palpita&#231;&#227;o e lipotimia), mensurados como vari&#225;vel dicot&#244;mica
						(sim/n&#227;o); bem como para obten&#231;&#227;o dos dados relativos &#224; QVRS, por meio da
						aplica&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL. Para os hipertensos que
						referiram dispneia, a intensidade do sintoma foi avaliada por meio da vers&#227;o
						brasileira do instrumento <italic>Medical Research Council</italic>
							(MRC)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Instrumentos</title>
          <p>O MINICHAL<italic> c</italic>onsiste na vers&#227;o abreviada<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> do <italic>Calidad de Vida en la Hipertensi&#243;n
							Arterial </italic>(CHAL), desenvolvido e validado na Espanha<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
						<sup>-</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>. Trata-se de um instrumento
						autoadministrado, composto por 16 itens divididos nas dimens&#245;es Estado
						Mental (1 a 10) e Manifesta&#231;&#245;es Som&#225;ticas (11 a 16), al&#233;m de uma quest&#227;o
						geral de qualidade de vida, que n&#227;o se inclui em nenhuma das dimens&#245;es. Os
						itens se referem aos &#250;ltimos 7 dias, sendo utilizada uma escala do tipo
						Likert com quatro possibilidades de resposta: zero (n&#227;o, absolutamente), 1
						(sim, pouco), 2 (sim, bastante), e 3 (sim, muito). O escore total &#233; obtido
						por meio da soma dos itens e varia de zero a 30 para dimens&#227;o Estado Mental
						e de zero a 18 para a dimens&#227;o Manifesta&#231;&#245;es Som&#225;ticas; quanto mais pr&#243;ximo
						de zero, melhor o n&#237;vel de sa&#250;de. A quest&#227;o sobre a percep&#231;&#227;o geral de sa&#250;de
						&#233; pontuada com as mesmas possibilidades de respostas, mas n&#227;o &#233; considerada
						no c&#244;mputo do escore total.</p>
          <p>No presente estudo, foi utilizada a vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL, por&#233;m,
						para o c&#244;mputo dos escores, foi considerada a composi&#231;&#227;o das dimens&#245;es do
						instrumento original<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>, uma vez que,
						no estudo de valida&#231;&#227;o para o contexto brasileiro<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>, o item 10 foi exclu&#237;do da dimens&#227;o Estado Mental e
						inclu&#237;do na dimens&#227;o Manifesta&#231;&#245;es Som&#225;ticas, e a quest&#227;o referente &#224;
						percep&#231;&#227;o geral de sa&#250;de foi inclu&#237;da como a 17&#170; quest&#227;o. A pontua&#231;&#227;o total
						foi calculada quando o n&#250;mero de quest&#245;es n&#227;o respondidas
							(<italic>missing</italic>) n&#227;o excedeu a 25% do total de itens
						aplicados, ou seja, quando o n&#250;mero de itens v&#225;lidos foi igual a 8 e 5 nas
						dimens&#245;es Estado Mental e Manifesta&#231;&#245;es Som&#225;ticas, respectivamente<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>. A quest&#227;o sobre a percep&#231;&#227;o geral
						de sa&#250;de n&#227;o foi considerada no c&#244;mputo do escore total, a exemplo do estudo
						de valida&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>. Embora o instrumento
						tenha sido originalmente desenvolvido de forma autoaplic&#225;vel, devido ao
						baixo n&#237;vel de instru&#231;&#227;o dos participantes, optou-se por sua aplica&#231;&#227;o por
						meio de entrevista. Foi avaliada a confiabilidade do MINICHAL quanto &#224; sua
						consist&#234;ncia interna, por meio do c&#225;lculo do coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach
						(&#945;). Foi constatado &#945; de 0,85 para o escore total, de 0,84
						para a dimens&#227;o Estado Mental e de 0,59 para a dimens&#227;o Manifesta&#231;&#245;es
						Som&#225;ticas.</p>
          <p>O MRC &#233; instrumento desenvolvido e validado na Inglaterra, para medir a
						intensidade da dispneia em pacientes com doen&#231;as pulmonares obstrutivas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>, sendo composto por cinco itens, com
						escala de resposta entre 1 e 5, sendo 1 se sofrer de falta de ar durante
						exerc&#237;cios intensos, 2 se sofrer de falta de ar quando anda apressadamente
						ou sobe uma rampa leve, 3 se andar mais devagar do que pessoas da mesma
						idade por causa de falta de ar ou tiver que parar para respirar mesmo quando
						anda devagar, 4 se parar para respirar depois de andar menos de 100 m ou
						ap&#243;s alguns minutos e 5 se a intensidade da falta de ar impedir a sa&#237;da de
						casa, ou sentir falta de ar quando est&#225; se vestindo. Foi utilizada a vers&#227;o
						adaptada para o contexto brasileiro<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise dos dados</title>
          <p>Os dados foram inseridos no <italic>software</italic> Excel para Windows 2003
						e transportados para o programa <italic>Statistical Analysis System</italic>
						(SAS) para Windows vers&#227;o 9.02 para an&#225;lises descritivas (de frequ&#234;ncia para
						vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas; m&#233;dia, mediana, desvio padr&#227;o e varia&#231;&#227;o para as
						vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas) e de compara&#231;&#227;o (entre as m&#233;dias das vari&#225;veis
						psicossociais). Uma vez que a distribui&#231;&#227;o da vari&#225;vel de interesse foi n&#227;o
						normal, foram utilizados testes n&#227;o param&#233;tricos. O teste de Mann-Whitney
						foi utilizado para comparar os escores de QVRS em rela&#231;&#227;o aos sintomas e a
						An&#225;lise de Vari&#226;ncia (ANOVA) com transforma&#231;&#227;o em <italic>ranks</italic>
						para comparar escores de QVRS entre hipertensos com diferentes n&#237;veis de
							dispneia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>, seguido do teste de
						Tukey para localiza&#231;&#227;o das diferen&#231;as. O teste de Kruskal&#8209;Wallis foi
						empregado para comparar escores de QVRS entre hipertensos estratificados de
						acordo com risco para eventos cardiovasculares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>: baixo, se HA est&#225;gio 1, sem Fator de Risco (FR);
						m&#233;dio se HA est&#225;gio 1, com um a dois FR e HA est&#225;gio 2, sem FR ou com um a
						dois FR; alto se HA est&#225;gios 1 ou 2, com tr&#234;s ou mais FR ou LOA ou DM; e
						muito alto se HA est&#225;gio 1 ou 2 e doen&#231;a cardiovascular e HA est&#225;gio 3, com
						um a dois FR e/ou com tr&#234;s ou mais FR ou LOA ou DM ou doen&#231;a cardiovascular.
						Os achados foram considerados significantes quando valor de p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
          <p>O estudo foi aprovado pelos Comit&#234;s locais de &#201;tica em Pesquisa (parecer
						1083/2008), conforme a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki.</p>
          <p>A amostra (n = 200) foi constitu&#237;da, em sua maioria, por mulheres (58%), com
						m&#233;dia de idade de 57 (11,3) anos, brancos (64,5%), vivendo com companheiro
						(61,5%), economicamente ativos (59,0%), com tempo m&#233;dio de estudo de 6,0
						(4,1) anos, e renda individual e familiar m&#233;dia de 1,6 (1,5) e 3,2 (2,1)
						sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos ao m&#234;s, respectivamente (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t06">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t06">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas de hipertensos (n = 200) em
								acompanhamento ambulatorial em hospital universit&#225;rio e Unidade
								B&#225;sica de Sa&#250;de, Campinas, 2009, 2010</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis sociodemogr&#225;ficas</th>
                  <th align="center">n</th>
                  <th align="center">%</th>
                  <th align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">Mediana</th>
                  <th align="center">Varia&#231;&#227;o</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Idade (anos)</td>
                  <td align="center">200</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">57 (11,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">57</td>
                  <td align="center">21-82</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sexo feminino</td>
                  <td align="center">116</td>
                  <td align="center">58,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cor branca</td>
                  <td align="center">129</td>
                  <td align="center">64,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escolaridade (anos)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">4</td>
                  <td align="center">0-16</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Situa&#231;&#227;o conjugal com companheiro</td>
                  <td align="center">123</td>
                  <td align="center">61,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;border-top-width:thin;border-top-style:solid">
                  <td>
                    <bold>Situa&#231;&#227;o profissional (n = 198)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Inativos</td>
                  <td align="center">81</td>
                  <td align="center">40,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ativos</td>
                  <td align="center">76</td>
                  <td align="center">38,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Do lar</td>
                  <td align="center">42</td>
                  <td align="center">21,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;border-top-width:thin;border-top-style:solid">
                  <td>
                    <bold>Renda, SM<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN23">*</xref>
										</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Renda mensal individual</td>
                  <td align="center">199</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">1,6 (1,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.29</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0-8,6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Renda mensal familiar</td>
                  <td align="center">197</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">3,2 (2,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.58</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0-12,9</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN23">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>SM no per&#237;odo de coleta de dados era de R$465,00 (US$265,71). SM:
									sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo; DP: desvio padr&#227;o.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>O grupo caracterizou-se pelo tempo m&#233;dio de 12,6 (10,5) anos de HA, com m&#233;dia
						de 3,1 (1,7) condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e/ou FR associados. Metade do grupo
						apresentava mais do que dois sintomas associados, 42,5% apresentavam LOA,
						especialmente HVE e uso m&#233;dio de 3,6 (2,4) medicamentos/dia. Metade da
						amostra apresentava risco alto e/ou muito alto para ocorr&#234;ncia de evento
						cardiovascular (50,5%); 16,5% dos sujeitos foram considerados sem risco para
						evento cardiovascular, uma vez que seus n&#237;veis tensionais enquadravam-se no
						est&#225;gio &#243;timo/normal/lim&#237;trofe (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t07">Tabela
							2</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t07">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas dos pacientes hipertensos (n = 200) em
								seguimento ambulatorial em hospital universit&#225;rio e Unidade B&#225;sica
								de Sa&#250;de, Campinas, 2009, 2010</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas</th>
                  <th align="center">n</th>
                  <th align="center">%</th>
                  <th align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">Mediana</th>
                  <th align="center">Varia&#231;&#227;o</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tempo de hipertens&#227;o arterial (anos)</td>
                  <td align="center">198</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">12,6 (10,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                  <td align="center">1-53</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;border-top-width:thin;border-top-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">Fatores de risco/condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas
										associadas</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dislipidemia</td>
                  <td align="center">133</td>
                  <td align="center">66,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Obesidade abdominal (CC<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN24">*</xref>)</td>
                  <td align="center">132</td>
                  <td align="center">66,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hist&#243;ria familiar de doen&#231;a cardiovascular</td>
                  <td align="center">117</td>
                  <td align="center">58,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Obesidade (IMC<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN25">&#8224;</xref>)</td>
                  <td align="center">90</td>
                  <td align="center">45,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>S&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica</td>
                  <td align="center">82</td>
                  <td align="center">41,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intoler&#226;ncia &#224; glicose<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN26">&#182;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">55</td>
                  <td align="center">27,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes melito</td>
                  <td align="center">32</td>
                  <td align="center">16,2</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hiperuricemia<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN27">&#167;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">31</td>
                  <td align="center">15,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tabagismo atual</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">10,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>N&#250;mero de condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas associadas</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">3,1 (1,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">0-7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>S&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda e/ou revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do
										mioc&#225;rdio</td>
                  <td align="center">26</td>
                  <td align="center">13,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">12</td>
                  <td align="center">6,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico/isquemia transit&#243;ria</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                  <td align="center">5,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Arteriopatia perif&#233;rica</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">3.0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;border-top-width:thin;border-top-style:solid">
                  <td>
                    <bold>Les&#245;es de &#243;rg&#227;o-alvo</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HVE<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN28">&#8225;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">85</td>
                  <td align="center">42,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica</td>
                  <td align="center">80</td>
                  <td align="center">40,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dano renal hipertensivo<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN29">&#8224;&#8224;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">10,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Retinopatia hipertensiva<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN30">&#182;&#182;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">10,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Espessamento de car&#243;tida<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN31">&#167;&#167;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">3,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sintomas</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cefaleia</td>
                  <td align="center">94</td>
                  <td align="center">47,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Palpita&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">71</td>
                  <td align="center">35,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Lipotimia</td>
                  <td align="center">57</td>
                  <td align="center">28,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dispneia</td>
                  <td align="center">57</td>
                  <td align="center">28,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Precordialgia</td>
                  <td align="center">54</td>
                  <td align="center">27,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>N&#250;mero de sintomas associados</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">2.1 (1.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">0-6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>N&#250;mero de medica&#231;&#245;es em uso</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">3,6 (2,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">0-11</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;border-top-width:thin;border-top-style:solid">
                  <td>
                    <bold>Estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco para eventos
												cardiovasculares<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN32">&#8225;&#8225;</xref>
										</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sem risco</td>
                  <td align="center">33</td>
                  <td align="center">16,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Risco baixo</td>
                  <td align="center">29</td>
                  <td align="center">14,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Risco m&#233;dio</td>
                  <td align="center">37</td>
                  <td align="center">18,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Risco alto</td>
                  <td align="center">65</td>
                  <td align="center">32,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Risco muito alto</td>
                  <td align="center">36</td>
                  <td align="center">18,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN24">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>CC &gt; 102 cm para homens e &gt; 88 cm para mulheres;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN25">
                <label>&#8224;</label>
                <p>IMC &gt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN26">
                <label>&#182;</label>
                <p>glicemia entre 102-125 mg/dL;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN27">
                <label>&#167;</label>
                <p>&#225;cido &#250;rico &gt; 7 mg/dL para homens e &gt; 6,5 mg/dL para
									mulheres;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN28">
                <label>&#8225;</label>
                <p>HVE &#8805; 125 g/m<sup>2</sup> para homens e &#8805; 110
										g/m<sup>2</sup> para mulheres;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN29">
                <label>&#8224;&#8224;</label>
                <p>dano renal hipertensivo: clearance de creatinina &#8804; 60
									mL/minuto e/ou creatinina s&#233;rica &gt; 1,5 mg/dL para homens e
									&gt; 1,4 mg/dL para mulheres e/ou microalbumin&#250;ria &gt; 300
									mg/24 horas;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN30">
                <label>&#182;&#182;</label>
                <p> retinopatia hipertensiva: estreitamento arteriolar e altera&#231;&#245;es
									leves do reflexo arterial (grau 1); estreitamento arteriolar e
									altera&#231;&#245;es do reflexo arterial mais acentuado e cruzamento
									arteriovenso (grau 2); altera&#231;&#245;es do grau&#160;2, hemorragias
									retinianas e exsudatos (grau 3); ou altera&#231;&#245;es do grau 3 e
									papiledema (grau 4) na fundoscopia;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN31">
                <label>&#167;&#167;</label>
                <p>&#237;ntima-m&#233;dia &gt; 0,9 mm;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN32">
                <label>&#8225;&#8225;</label>
                <p>de acordo com European Society of Hypertension/European Society
									of Cardiology Guidelines<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>.DP: desvio padr&#227;o; CC: circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura; IMC:
									&#237;ndice de massa corporal; HVE: hipertrofia ventricular
									esquerda.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Validade de constructo: abordagem de grupos conhecidos</title>
          <p>A validade de constructo da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL foi avaliada por
						meio da abordagem de grupos conhecidos. Foi hipotetizado que os hipertensos
						com sintomas (dispneia, precordialgia, lipotimia, palpita&#231;&#227;o e cefaleia),
						LOA e risco elevado para eventos cardiovasculares apresentariam escore de
						QVRS significativamente mais elevado que os hipertensos n&#227;o complicados,
						isto &#233;, sem sintomas, sem LOA e de baixo risco para eventos
						cardiovasculares, de acordo com diretrizes internacionais.</p>
          <p>Foram constatados escores significativamente mais elevados de QVRS entre
						aqueles com dano renal, comparados aos hipertensos com fun&#231;&#227;o renal
						preservada, na dimens&#227;o Manifesta&#231;&#245;es Som&#225;ticas e no escore total do
						MINICHAL. No entanto, n&#227;o foi constatada diferen&#231;a significativa na
						compara&#231;&#227;o dos escores de QVRS entre os pacientes com e sem HVE, bem como
						entre aqueles com e sem disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica e/ou retinopatia hipertensiva
							(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t08">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t08">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Escores da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL, de acordo com vari&#225;veis
								cl&#237;nicas de pacientes hipertensos em seguimento ambulatorial (n =
								200), Campinas, 2009, 2010</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th rowspan="3">&#160;</th>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">&#160;</th>
                  <th colspan="4" align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Dom&#237;nios da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">&#160;</th>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">&#160;</th>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Estado Mental</th>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Manifesta&#231;&#245;es Som&#225;ticas</th>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Escore total</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                  <th align="center">n</th>
                  <th align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">HVE<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN34">&#8224;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">85</td>
                  <td align="center">6,3 (5,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,3 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">9,6 (6,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">115</td>
                  <td align="center">7,0 (5,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,5 (2,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">10,5 (7,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN33">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Retinopatia hipertensiva<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN35">&#182;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">6,2 (4,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,9 (3,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">10,1 (6,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">179</td>
                  <td align="center">6,8 (5,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,4 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">10,1 (7,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN33">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Dano renal<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN36">&#167;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">7,7 (4,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">4,8 (3,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">12,5 (5,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">179</td>
                  <td align="center">6,6 (5,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,3 (2,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">9,9 (7,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN33">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,05</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,05</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN37">&#8225;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">80</td>
                  <td align="center">6,7 (5,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,4 (2,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">10,1 (7,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">83</td>
                  <td align="center">6,9 (4,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,7 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">10,7 (6,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN33">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Dispneia</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">57</td>
                  <td align="center">8,9(6,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">4,9 (2,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">13,9 (8,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">143</td>
                  <td align="center">5,8 (4,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">2,8 (2,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">8,7 (5,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN33">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,01</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Precordialgia</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">54</td>
                  <td align="center">9,2 (6,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">5,3 (3,0 )</td>
                  <td align="center">14,5 (7,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">146</td>
                  <td align="center">5,8 (4,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">2,7 (2,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">8,5(5,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN33">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Lipotimia</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">57</td>
                  <td align="center">8,0 (5,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">4,0 (2,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (7,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">143</td>
                  <td align="center">6,2 (5,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,2 (2,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">9,4 (6,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN33">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.05</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.05</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.05</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Palpita&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">71</td>
                  <td align="center">9.0 (6.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">4.9 (3.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">13.9 (8.1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">129</td>
                  <td align="center">5.4 (4.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.6 (2.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">8.1 (5.4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN33">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Cefaleia</td>
                  <td align="center">Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">94</td>
                  <td align="center">8.2 (5.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">4.0 (2.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">12.2 (7.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">106</td>
                  <td align="center">5.4 (4.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.9 (2.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">8.3 (6.4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN33">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.01</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN33">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>Teste de Mann-Whitney;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN34">
                <label>&#8224;</label>
                <p>hipertrofia ventricular esquerda: massa ventricular/superf&#237;cie
									corp&#243;rea &#8805; 125 g/m2 para homens e &#8805; 110 g/m2 para
									mulheres;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN35">
                <label>&#182;</label>
                <p>retinopatia hipertensiva: presen&#231;a de estreitamento arteriolar e
									dilata&#231;&#227;o venosa (tipo 1); art&#233;rias com espasmos e cruzamentos
									arteriovenosos patol&#243;gicos (tipo 2); art&#233;rias muito estreitadas
									e irregulares, hemorragias estriadas em forma de chama ou
									exsudatos algodonosos (tipo 3); ou papiledema associado aos
									tipos 1, 2 e 3 (tipo 4) na fundoscopia;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN36">
                <label>&#167;</label>
                <p>dano renal: clearance de creatinina &#8804; 60mL/minuto ou
									creatinina s&#233;rica &gt; 1,5 mg/dL para homens e &gt; 1,4 mg/dL
									para mulheres ou microalbumin&#250;ria &gt; 300 mg/24 horas</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN37">
                <label>&#8225;</label>
                <p>disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica: verificada por meio da laudo do
									Ecodopplercardiograma. DP: desvio padr&#227;o; NS: n&#227;o significante;
									HVE: hipertrofia ventricular esquerda.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Foi verificado que os hipertensos que relataram sintomas apresentaram escore
						significativamente mais elevado (pior QVRS) em ambas as dimens&#245;es e escore
						total da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL, quando comparados &#224;queles sem
						sintomas.</p>
          <p>Tamb&#233;m foi constatada a capacidade da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL em
						discriminar QVRS entre hipertensos sem e com diferentes n&#237;veis de dispneia
							(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t09">Tabela 4</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t09">
            <label>Tabela 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Escores da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL, de acordo com
								intensidade da dispneia em pacientes hipertensos em seguimento
								ambulatorial (n = 200), Campinas, 2009, 2010</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th rowspan="3">&#160;</th>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">&#160;</th>
                  <th colspan="6" align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Dom&#237;nios da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">&#160;</th>
                  <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Estado Mental</th>
                  <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Manifesta&#231;&#245;es Som&#225;ticas</th>
                  <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Escore total</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">n</th>
                  <th align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN38">*</xref>
									</th>
                  <th align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                  <th align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Grau 0 &#8722; sem dispneia</td>
                  <td align="center">145</td>
                  <td align="center">5,8 (4,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,01<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN39">&#8224;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">2,8 (2,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN40">&#182;</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">8,7 (5,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN41">&#167;</xref>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Grau 1 &#8722; sofre de falta de ar durante exerc&#237;cios
										intensos</td>
                  <td align="center">9</td>
                  <td align="center">8,3 (10,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">2,9 (2,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">11,2 (12,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Grau 2 &#8722; Sofre de falta de ar quando andando apressadamente
										ou subindo uma rampa leve</td>
                  <td align="center">18</td>
                  <td align="center">7,9 (5,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">4,5 (2,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">12,4 (7,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Grau 3 &#8722; Anda mais devagar do que pessoas da mesma idade por
										causa de falta de ar ou se tem que parar para respirar,
										mesmo quando andando devagar</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">10,0 (5,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">6,7 (3,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">16,7 (7,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Grau 4 &#8722; Para para respirar depois de andar menos de 100 m
										ou ap&#243;s alguns minutos</td>
                  <td align="center">12</td>
                  <td align="center">9,9 (7,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">5,7 (3,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">15,6 (9,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Grau 5 &#8722; Para para respirar depois de andar menos de 100 m
										ou ap&#243;s alguns minutos</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                  <td align="center">10,3 (5,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">6,0 (2,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">16,3 (15,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN38">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>ANOVA com transforma&#231;&#227;o nos ranks, seguida pelo teste de
									Tukey:</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN39">
                <label>&#8224;</label>
                <p>grau 0 &#8800; grau 5;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN40">
                <label>&#182;</label>
                <p>graus 3, 4, 5 &#8800; 0;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN41">
                <label>&#167;</label>
                <p>graus 4, 5 &#8800; 0.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Entretanto, nenhuma das dimens&#245;es da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL
						discriminou QVRS entre pacientes classificados sem e/ou de baixo/m&#233;dio risco
						e aqueles de alto/muito alto risco para eventos cardiovasculares (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Tabela 5</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t10">
            <label>Tabela 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Escores da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL, de acordo com o risco
								para eventos cardiovasculares de hipertensos em seguimento
								ambulatorial (n = 200), Campinas, 2009, 2010</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th rowspan="3">&#160;</th>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">&#160;</th>
                  <th colspan="6" align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Dom&#237;nios da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">&#160;</th>
                  <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Estado Mental</th>
                  <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Manifesta&#231;&#245;es Som&#225;ticas</th>
                  <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Escore total</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">n</th>
                  <th align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN42">*</xref>
									</th>
                  <th align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                  <th align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;border-top-width:thin;border-top-style:solid">
                  <td>
                    <bold>Estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN43">&#8224;</xref>
										</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sem risco adicional</td>
                  <td align="center">33</td>
                  <td align="center">7,3 (6,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                  <td align="center">3,4 (2,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                  <td align="center">10,7 (8,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">29</td>
                  <td align="center">6,1 (5,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">2,9 (2,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">9,0 (6,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>M&#233;dio risco</td>
                  <td align="center">37</td>
                  <td align="center">7,1 (6,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">3,3 (2,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">10,4 (7,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">65</td>
                  <td align="center">6,8 (5,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">3,6 (2,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">10,3 (6,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">36</td>
                  <td align="center">6,1 (4,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">3,9 (3,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">10,0 (6,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;border-top-width:thin;border-top-style:solid">
                  <td>
                    <bold>Estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN44">&#182;</xref>
										</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sem/ baixo e/ ou m&#233;dio risco</td>
                  <td align="center">99</td>
                  <td align="center">6,9 (6,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                  <td align="center">3,2 (2,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                  <td align="center">10,1 (7,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">NS</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Alto/ muito alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">101</td>
                  <td align="center">6,5 (4,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">3,7 (2,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">10,2 (6,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN42">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>Teste de Kruskal-Wallis;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN43">
                <label>&#8224;</label>
                <p>European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology
										Guidelines<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN44">
                <label>&#182;</label>
                <p>Estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular agrupada. DP: desvio
									padr&#227;o; NS: n&#227;o significante.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Este estudo teve como objetivo ampliar a avalia&#231;&#227;o da validade de grupos
					conhecidos da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL. Assim, foi investigada a capacidade
					desse instrumento em discriminar pacientes hipertensos em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; gravidade da
					HA, segundo os crit&#233;rios de classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco para eventos cardiovasculares
					e a ocorr&#234;ncia de LOA, assim como em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; presen&#231;a de sintomas e &#224;
					intensidade da dispneia.</p>
        <p>Nossos dados mostraram que a vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL n&#227;o foi capaz de
					discriminar os hipertensos, segundo os crit&#233;rios utilizados para classificar a
					gravidade da HA. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa da medida de QVRS nos
					diferentes est&#225;gios de risco para eventos cardiovasculares, assim como entre
					pacientes com e sem LOA, exceto para disfun&#231;&#227;o renal.</p>
        <p>Entretanto, o instrumento foi sens&#237;vel para indicar diferen&#231;as na QVRS segundo a
					presen&#231;a de todos os sintomas pesquisados. Nesse aspecto, nossos dados s&#227;o
					importantes e apontam uma perspectiva importante a ser considerada no
					acompanhamento dos pacientes hipertensos. Classicamente, a HA &#233; descrita como
					uma afec&#231;&#227;o assintom&#225;tica. Mas, na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, provavelmente pela presen&#231;a
					de outras comorbidades, a HA &#233; associada &#224; presen&#231;a de sintomas
						cardiovasculares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. No presente
					estudo, 50% dos pacientes apresentavam mais do que dois sintomas associados, o
					que aponta para a import&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas cardiovasculares ao
					longo do seguimento cl&#237;nico dos hipertensos.</p>
        <p>No estudo de valida&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o original do MINICHAL junto &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o
						espanhola<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>, foram evidenciadas
					diferen&#231;as significativas no escore da dimens&#227;o Manifesta&#231;&#245;es Som&#225;ticas entre
					pacientes hipertensos classificados de acordo com os est&#225;gios de gravidade da
					HA, propostos pela Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (est&#225;gio I, sem sinal de LOA;
					est&#225;gio II, com um sinal ou sintoma de LOA ou est&#225;gio III, &#8805; 1 sinal e
					sintoma de LOA)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>. Entretanto &#233;
					importante ressaltar que a medida de QVRS foi diferente somente na compara&#231;&#227;o
					entre os pacientes do est&#225;gio I (sem sinal de LOA e provavelmente sem sintomas)
					e dos est&#225;gios II e III agrupados, nos quais a presen&#231;a de sintomatologia era
					prevista.</p>
        <p>Estudo pregresso, que avaliou a QVRS de pacientes hipertensos por meio de
					instrumento gen&#233;rico, verificou correla&#231;&#227;o entre altera&#231;&#245;es ecocardiogr&#225;ficas
					decorrentes da HA e QVRS somente para o grupo que apresentava dispneia. Para o
					grupo sem a manifesta&#231;&#227;o do sintoma, n&#227;o houve correla&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis.
					Assim, os achados apontaram a dispneia como um importante moderador na rela&#231;&#227;o
					entre QVRS e um dos indicadores de gravidade da doen&#231;a, em raz&#227;o das altera&#231;&#245;es
						ecocardiogr&#225;ficas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>.</p>
        <p>Outro estudo brasileiro<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> empregou o
						<italic>Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short - Form Health Survey</italic>
					(SF-36) para avaliar a QVRS de cem hipertensos submetidos a estudo experimental
					interdisciplinar, baseado em atividades educativas. N&#227;o foram detectadas
					modifica&#231;&#245;es na qualidade de vida entre os grupos interven&#231;&#227;o e controle, achado
					atribu&#237;do &#224; caracter&#237;stica assintom&#225;tica da HA sist&#234;mica.</p>
        <p>&#201; poss&#237;vel que a casu&#237;stica relativamente pequena do presente estudo tenha
					contribu&#237;do para a aus&#234;ncia de achados significantes, no que se refere &#224;
					capacidade da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL em discriminar diferentes est&#225;gios
					da gravidade da HA. Entretanto, a pouca variabilidade dos escores nos diferentes
					est&#225;gios enfraquece essa hip&#243;tese. Hipotetiza-se que a gravidade da HA, quando
					avaliada junto da presen&#231;a ou n&#227;o de sintomas cardiovasculares, seja um
					indicador de mudan&#231;a na QVRS. Essa suposi&#231;&#227;o refor&#231;a a import&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o
					dos sintomas ao longo do seguimento dos hipertensos, para que as terap&#234;uticas
					farmacol&#243;gica e n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica possam ser ajustadas tamb&#233;m em fun&#231;&#227;o da QVRS,
					que se mostra afetada pela manifesta&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas.</p>
        <p>No presente estudo, o fato de a vers&#227;o brasileira n&#227;o ter discriminado QVRS entre
					hipertensos com e sem HVE pode ser explicado pela inclus&#227;o de hipertensos com
					altera&#231;&#227;o estrutural card&#237;aca, sintom&#225;ticos e assintom&#225;ticos. No estudo
						espanhol<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>, os hipertensos foram
					agrupados de acordo com a presen&#231;a de sinal e sintoma de LOA, o que pode ter
					contribu&#237;do para a discrimina&#231;&#227;o de QVRS, uma vez que o MINICHAL parece sens&#237;vel
					na detec&#231;&#227;o de diferen&#231;as na QVRS na presen&#231;a de sintomas. A vers&#227;o brasileira
					do MINICHAL tamb&#233;m n&#227;o discriminou a QVRS entre pacientes alocados nos extremos
					da classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco para eventos cardiovasculares, a qual considera os
					est&#225;gios da HA, a coexist&#234;ncia de FR, a doen&#231;a cardiovascular e a LOA. A
					casu&#237;stica limitada dos pacientes distribu&#237;dos nos diferentes estratos da
					classifica&#231;&#227;o pode ter contribu&#237;do para tal achado.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Os achados deste estudo permitem inferir que a vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL &#233; um
					instrumento capaz de discriminar diferen&#231;as na qualidade de vida relacionada &#224;
					sa&#250;de em rela&#231;&#227;o aos sintomas de dispneia, precordialgia, palpita&#231;&#227;o, lipotimia
					e cefaleia, al&#233;m da presen&#231;a de dano renal (les&#245;es de &#243;rg&#227;os-alvo). No entanto,
					a vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL n&#227;o se mostrou capaz de discriminar qualidade de
					vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de entre hipertensos classificados nos extremos da
					classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco para eventos cardiovasculares. Recomenda-se a realiza&#231;&#227;o
					de novos estudos, com amplia&#231;&#227;o da amostra, com vistas a elucidar a capacidade
					da vers&#227;o brasileira do MINICHAL em discriminar qualidade de vida relacionada &#224;
					sa&#250;de em hipertensos com diferentes graus de severidade da doen&#231;a.</p>
        <p><bold>Fontes de financiamento:</bold> este estudo foi financiado pelo Conselho
					Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq), por meio de bolsa
					produtividade em pesquisa (PQ) 2010 &#8211; 2012, processo 308824/2009-1.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado por CNPq (processo: 308824/2009-1) e FAEPEX
						- Unicamp (165/09).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de Disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Ana L&#250;cia Soares Soutello
						pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
